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27 results on '"aliments traditionnels"'

1. Traditional Food Consumption and Other Determinants of Exposure for Lead, Cobalt, Manganese, and Hexachlorobenzene in Northern Canada.

Author

Drysdale, Mallory, Ratelle, Mylène, Majowicz, Shannon E., Brammer, Jeremy, Gamberg, Mary, Skinner, Kelly, and Laird, Brian

Abstract

Results of a 2019 human biomonitoring study indicated that several parameters, including lead, cobalt, manganese, and hexachlorobenzene, were elevated in blood and urine samples in Old Crow, Yukon, in comparison to the general Canadian population. This study aims to identify possible local determinants of levels of these parameters, including consumption of locally harvested traditional foods, lifestyle factors, and demographics, in Old Crow and, for comparison, two other northern populations: communities in the Dehcho and Sahtú regions of the Northwest Territories. We ran generalized linear models to identify possible associations between individual determinants of exposure and key biomarkers, controlling for age and sex. In Old Crow, several variables were associated with elevated exposure levels of these biomarkers, including drinking untreated river water (29% higher blood manganese levels and 120% higher blood lead levels), eating caribou kidneys (22% higher blood manganese levels and 58% higher blood lead levels), and eating whitefish (28% higher blood cobalt levels). Additionally, in order to differentiate results in Old Crow from those in other northern regions and to identify trends across regions, we observed relationships between consumption of moose and caribou organs and lead and hexachlorobenzene levels in the reference populations and pooled population groups. Though levels of particular contaminants may be elevated in some traditional foods, these foods remain an important source of nutrients for members in these communities and provide other benefits, including increased physical activity through harvesting, mental health improvements, and spiritual wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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2. Community Perspectives on Inuit Country Food Insecurity in Gjoa Haven, Nunavut.

Author

Desautels, Jamie, Chapman, Jacqueline, and Schott, Stephan

Subjects
*FOOD security, *INUIT, *FOOD sovereignty, *FOCUS groups, *OLDER people
Abstract

This paper explores how policies and programs can better support country food security and food sovereignty in Gjoa Haven, Nunavut. Through a series of six focus groups with a total of 74 participants, we explore the challenges that Elders, youth, hunters, food preparers, and program providers face in the access, availability, quality, and use of country food. Despite the diverse representation among focus groups, participants revealed similar challenges across demographics and highlighted how tailored policies and programs can provide complementary solutions that serve more than one purpose. We argue that policies and programs targeting financial and economic challenges; resources and infrastructure; and skills and knowledge will improve country food security and will promote food sovereignty. Ultimately, policies and programs must be community informed and tailored to their current context and community dynamics. However, the recommendations we provide could be adapted to other Arctic communities experiencing similar challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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4. La consommation d’aliments traditionnels au Yukon, aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest et au Nunavut, étude Foodbook en 2014–2015

Author

Vanessa Morton, Anna Manore, Nadia Ciampa, Shiona Glass-Kaastra, Matt Hurst, Angie Mullen, and Jennifer Cutler

Subjects
consommation alimentaire, aliments traditionnels, nunavut, territoires du nord-ouest, yukon, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Contexte : Cet article présente un résumé descriptif de la consommation de divers aliments traditionnels (i.e. des aliments d’origine végétale et animale procurés localement dans la nature) par les résidents du Yukon (Yn), des Territoires du Nord-Ouest (T. N.-O.) et du Nunavut (Nt). Les données ont été collectées dans le cadre de l’étude Foodbook en 2014 et 2015. Méthodes : L’étude Foodbook a été réalisée par téléphone sur une période d’un an. Les répondants ont été interrogés sur la consommation d’un large éventail de produits alimentaires au cours des sept jours précédents. Les habitants des territoires ont également été interrogés sur la consommation d’aliments traditionnels spécifiques à la région. Les données ont été pondérées afin d’élaborer des estimations territoriales de la consommation. Des données sur l’âge, le sexe, le lieu, le revenu et le niveau de scolarité ont également été recueillies. Résultats : Le taux de réponse national pour le sondage Foodbook a été de 19,9 %. Au total, 1 235 résidents des territoires ont participé à l’étude (Yn, n = 402, T. N.-O., n = 458, Nt, n = 375). La consommation d’aliments traditionnels au cours des sept jours précédents a été signalée par 77,5 %, 60,7 % et 66,4 % des participants au Yukon, aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest et au Nunavut, respectivement. Conclusion : Les réponses aux questions sur les aliments traditionnels posées en parallèle au questionnaire principal de l’étude Foodbook donnent un aperçu de la consommation d’aliments traditionnels au Yukon, aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest et au Nunavut.

Published
2021
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5. Assessing the contribution of traditional foods to food security for the Wapekeka First Nation of Canada 1.

Author

Robidoux, Michael A., Winnepetonga, Derek, Santosa, Sylvia, and Haman, François

Abstract

The food security crisis and disproportionately high burden of dietary related disease amongst northern Indigenous populations in Canada continues to be a troubling reality with little sign of improvement. The Government of Canada is responding by developing programs to support local food initiatives for northern isolated communities. While such investments appear commendable, the impact of local food harvesting to improve food security has yet to be determined. While there are clear nutritional and cultural benefits to traditional food sources, communities face considerable barriers acquiring it in sufficient amounts because of historically imposed lifestyle changes that have increased food insecurity rates. This study responds by providing a novel multidisciplinary approach that draws from firsthand experiences working with First Nations community members in a remote subarctic region in northwestern, Ontario, to estimate their community's total food requirement and the amount of wild animal food sources needed to sustain yearly food intake. This transferrable energy demand approach will be critical for policy makers to put into perspective the amount of wild food needed to have an impact on food security rates and ultimately improve dietary related diseases. Novelty: Provide government policy makers information about current harvest yields in a remote northern First Nation to understand the potential contribution of traditional food to improve local food security. Provide Indigenous communities a means to assess local food resources to measure the caloric contributions of traditional foods toward household food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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6. Assessing the contribution of traditional foods to food security for the Wapekeka First Nation of Canada 1.

Author

Robidoux, Michael A., Winnepetonga, Derek, Santosa, Sylvia, and Haman, François

Abstract

Copyright of Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2021
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7. Compendium de recherche 2017-2022 environnement, santé, innovation

Author

Sentinelle Nord, Gallais, Sophie, Ropars, Pascale, Lévesque, Keith, Sentinelle Nord, Gallais, Sophie, Ropars, Pascale, and Lévesque, Keith

Abstract

Dans le contexte d'un changement climatique et d'un développement socio-économique accéléré dans l'Arctique et le Subarctique, le programme de recherche Sentinelle Nord de l'Université Laval contribue à la génération des connaissances nécessaires pour améliorer notre compréhension de l'environnement nordique en évolution et de son impact sur les humains et leur santé. Aborder les problèmes complexes résultant de ces changements nécessite une approche de recherche qui transcende les frontières disciplinaires traditionnelles. Sentinelle Nord favorise la convergence d'expertises en ingénierie, sciences naturelles, sociales et de la santé pour catalyser la découverte scientifique et l'innovation en soutien à une santé et un développement durables dans le Nord. Ce recueil rassemble une sélection de résultats de recherche du programme Sentinelle Nord de 2017 à 2022. Les résultats ont été intégrés dans cinq chapitres interdisciplinaires abordant les principaux enjeux nordiques.

Published
2023

8. Co-management of Traditional Foods: Opportunities and Limitations for Food Security in Northern First Nation Communities.

Author

Cruickshank, Ainslie, Notten, Geranda, Wesche, Sonia, Ballegooyen, Kate, and Pope, Geraldine

Subjects
*FIRST Nations of Canada, *FOOD security, *SEMI-structured interviews, *COMMUNITIES, *FOOD
Abstract

Traditional foods that First Nations peoples harvest or gather from the land remain critically important for achieving and sustaining food security for many communities. In Canada's North, land claim agreements include provisions for First Nations to participate in the governance of their traditional territories, including the co-management of important traditional (wild-harvested) food species. Because such agreements only specify the broad contours of co-management governance, their actual functioning evolves out of a complex interplay among the co-managing organizations over the course of time. This paper aims to deepen our understanding of how First Nations communities can enhance food security as participants in co-management. Our study connects research on food security with research on co-management and is the first to analyze how First Nations can improve their food security by influencing decision-making that affects traditional foods through co-management arrangements. Following a succinct review of the Indigenous food security and co-management literatures, we analyze the experiences of Kluane First Nation in enhancing community food security through the co-management of its traditional territory with Yukon Government and Parks Canada, interpreting the data in light of the theories and evidences offered by research on co-management. The analysis of data collected from semi-structured interviews and from First Nations and government resources shows that, while the co-management system is imperfect, it does offer a mechanism through which First Nations can exert influence on decisions that affect their food security. The three key themes emerging from the excerpts confirm the importance of co-management as an evolutionary and long-term process, in which trust- and relationship-building are ongoing activities that are fundamental to beneficial collaboration involving the sharing of information and power. The analysis also highlights the role of context, or situational factors, in facilitating or hindering collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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15. Nutrient adequacy and nutrient sources of adults among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada

Author

Tonio Sadik, Peter R. Berti, Hing Man Chan, Malek Batal, Louise Johnson-Down, Amy Ing, and Karen Fediuk

Subjects
Adult, Male, Food intake, medicine.medical_specialty, Canada, Saturated fat, Traditional food, Institute of medicine, Age and sex, Indigenous, apports nutritionnels de référence, 03 medical and health sciences, Recommended dietary allowances, 0302 clinical medicine, Nutrient, Première Nations, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, Indigenous Canadians, First Nations, Aged, 2. Zero hunger, 030505 public health, Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Quantitative Research, Public health, nutriments, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Nutrients, 3. Good health, Diet, Autochtones, Geography, aliments traditionnels, Energy intakes, Female, 0305 other medical science, Energy Intake, Diet quality
Abstract

Objectives To identify food sources of nutrients in First Nations adults in Canada and to establish whether these populations are meeting their nutrient requirements and whether traditional foods (TF) contribute to better nutrient intake. Methods The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study is a cross-Canada participatory study of First Nations adults living south of the 60th parallel. Twenty-four-hour recalls were conducted in 92 First Nations communities from 2008 to 2016. Repeat recalls were attempted with 20% of participants to adjust for within-person variation and estimate the proportion of individuals below recommendations according to Institute of Medicine guidelines. Nutrients from days with and without TF were compared. The main food sources of select nutrients were identified, including TF. Results Mean energy intakes among women and men ranged from 1664 to 1864 and from 1761 to 2298 kcal/day respectively. Most macronutrients were within the acceptable macronutrient diet range except for fat in most age groups and carbohydrates in men 71 years of age and older. Saturated fat was above recommendations for all ages. Only niacin was identified as above recommendations in all age and sex categories. Days where TF were eaten showed greater intakes of key nutrients. Conclusion It is imperative that we find culturally appropriate ways to improve the quality and nutritional value of First Nations Peoples food intake by improving TF access and use on the one hand and conversely providing better quality store-bought foods. For success in this, we must empower First Nations communities and health practitioners to collaboratively overcome these challenges.

Published
2021

16. Importance of the traditional food systems for First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada

Author

Hing Man Chan, Amy Ing, Karen Fediuk, Malek Batal, Tonio Sadik, Peter R. Berti, and Louise Johnson-Down

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Canada, Community-Based Participatory Research, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Traditional food, Climate change, Aliments traditionnels, Nutritional Status, Indigenous, 03 medical and health sciences, Premières Nations, Residence Characteristics, medicine, Humans, Indigenous Canadians, Socioeconomics, First Nations, Consumption (economics), Écozones, Changement climatique, 0303 health sciences, Government, 030505 public health, Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Quantitative Research, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Food frequency questionnaire, General Medicine, Diet, Autochtones, Geography, Food, Ecozone, Food systems, 0305 other medical science, Ecozones
Abstract

Objective To describe the traditional food (TF) systems of First Nations in Canada, including intake, barriers and promoters. Methods The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study is a cross-Canada participatory study of First Nations adults below the 60th parallel that obtained data for communities excluded from other national studies. A food frequency questionnaire was used to establish frequency of TF intake (number of days in a year) to allow comparisons across ecozones/regions in Canada. Grams of TF intake were also calculated using frequency multiplied by average portions from 24-h recalls. Closed- and open-ended questions attempted to identify some of the key barriers and concerns regarding TF access and use. Multivariable analyses were run to determine what factors are associated with increased TF consumption. Results Across communities, there is a strong preference by adults to have TF in the diet more often. Consumption of land animals was most frequently reported in most ecozones except for the Pacific Maritime and Mixedwood Plains, where fish and plants, respectively, were more frequently consumed. First Nations identified structural and environmental challenges such as development, government regulations and climate change, along with household barriers such as insufficient capital for equipment and transportation, lack of time and absence of a hunter in the household. Multivariable analyses revealed that the highest intake of TF occurred in the Taiga Plains ecozone, and for older individuals and men. Conclusion Identifying solutions that empower First Nations at all levels is required to overcome the multiple challenges to the inclusion of TF in the diet.

Published
2021

17. Importance of fish for food and nutrition security among First Nations in Canada

Author

Constantine Tikhonov, Amy Ing, Tonio Sadik, Hing Man Chan, Harold Schwartz, Lesya Marushka, Karen Fediuk, and Malek Batal

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Traditional food, Fish consumption, Wildlife, différence entre les sexes, Nutritional Status, 03 medical and health sciences, Premières Nations, Environmental health, medicine, Gender difference, Animals, Humans, Indigenous Canadians, First Nations, Consumption (economics), 0303 health sciences, 030505 public health, Food security, Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Quantitative Research, consommation de poisson, integumentary system, British Columbia, Public health, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Fishes, food and beverages, General Medicine, apport en nutriments, Livelihood, Nutrient intake, Diet, Food insecurity, Geography, sécurité alimentaire, aliments traditionnels, Dietary Reference Intake, %22">Fish , Female, 0305 other medical science
Abstract

To investigate the relationships between fish/seafood consumption patterns and food security status among First Nations (FN) communities in Canada. We estimated the contribution of fish/seafood to daily nutrient requirements. Barriers to traditional food (TF) access including fish were summarized.Data were collected by the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008-2018). The sample of this participatory study comprised 6258 randomly selected FN adults. Fish/seafood consumption was estimated with a food frequency questionnaire. Food security status was assessed with the Household Food Security Survey Module. The contribution of fish/seafood to protein, n-3 fatty acid, vitamin (A, B12, D, niacin) and mineral (selenium, zinc) requirements was assessed by comparison to Dietary Reference Intakes.Regional differences were observed in fish/seafood consumption patterns and their relationship with food security status. In the eastern regions (Ontario, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region), consumption of fish/seafood and other TF was significantly higher among food insecure compared with food secure FN participants. Severely food insecure men (particularly in British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region) tended to eat a higher amount of TF, including fish/seafood, compared with food secure and moderately food insecure men, while no difference was observed in women. Fish/seafood provided good sources of selected nutrients. However, the high cost of harvesting equipment, industry-related activities and climate change reduce access to fish/seafood and other wildlife.Fish/seafood continues to be vital to the diet of FN communities. Focusing on policies that support FN increased access to fish/seafood has the potential to decrease food insecurity and support sustainable livelihoods. Future policies should focus on socio-economic determinants of food insecurity and support traditional harvesting and sustainable fisheries among FN communities.RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Étudier les relations entre les modèles de consommation de poissons/fruits de mer et l’état de la sécurité alimentaire chez les Premières Nations (PN) au Canada. Nous avons estimé la contribution des poissons/fruits de mer aux besoins quotidiens en nutriments. Les obstacles à l’accès aux aliments traditionnels (AT), y compris le poisson, ont été résumés. MéTHODES: Les données ont été recueillies dans le cadre de l’Étude sur l’alimentation, la nutrition et l’environnement chez les Premières Nations (2008–2018). L’échantillon de cette étude participative comprenait 6 258 adultes PN sélectionnés au hasard. La consommation de poissons/fruits de mer a été estimée à l’aide d’un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire. Le niveau de sécurité alimentaire a été évalué à l’aide du Module d’enquête sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages. La contribution des poissons/fruits de mer aux besoins en protéines, en acides gras n-3, en vitamines (A, B12, D, niacine) et en minéraux (sélénium, zinc) a été évaluée par rapport aux apports nutritionnels de référence. RéSULTATS: Des différences régionales ont été observées dans les modes de consommation de poissons/fruits de mer et leur relation avec le niveau de sécurité alimentaire. Dans les régions de l’Est (Ontario, Québec/Labrador et région atlantique), la consommation de poissons/fruits de mer et d’autres AT était significativement plus élevée chez les personnes vivant dans les ménages en situation d’insécurité alimentaire que chez celles en sécurité alimentaire. Les hommes en situation d’insécurité alimentaire sévère (en particulier en Colombie-Britannique, en Alberta, au Québec/Labrador et en région atlantique) avaient tendance à manger une plus grande quantité d’AT, y compris du poisson/fruits de mer, par rapport aux hommes en sécurité alimentaire et en insécurité alimentaire modérée, alors qu’aucune différence n’a été observée chez les femmes. Les poissons/fruits de mer ont fourni de bonnes sources de nutriments sélectionnés. Cependant, le coût élevé du matériel de chasse, les activités liées à l’industrie et le changement climatique réduisent l’accès aux poissons/fruits de mer et à d’autres espèces sauvages. CONCLUSION: Les poissons/fruits de mer continuent d’être essentiels à l’alimentation des PN. L’amélioration de l’accès aux poissons/fruits de mer a le potentiel de promouvoir la sécurité alimentaire et des moyens de subsistance durables. Les politiques futures devraient se concentrer sur les déterminants socio-économiques de l’insécurité alimentaire et soutenir la récolte traditionnelle et la pêche durable chez les PN.

Published
2021

18. Sociodemographic patterning of dietary profiles among Inuit youth and adults in Nunavik, Canada: a cross-sectional study

Author

Aker, Amira, Ayotte, Pierre, Furgal, Chris, Kenny, Tiff-Annie, Little, Matthew, Gauthier, Marie-Josée, Bouchard, Amélie, Lemire, Mélanie, Aker, Amira, Ayotte, Pierre, Furgal, Chris, Kenny, Tiff-Annie, Little, Matthew, Gauthier, Marie-Josée, Bouchard, Amélie, and Lemire, Mélanie

Abstract

Objectives Country (traditional) foods are integral to Inuit culture, but market food consumption is increasing. The Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Health Survey (Q2017) reported similar country food consumption frequency compared to that in 2004; however, examining food items individually does not account for diet patterns, food accessibility, and correlations between food items. Our objective was to identify underlying dietary profiles and compare them across sex, age, ecological region, and food insecurity markers, given the links among diet, health, and sociocultural determinants. Methods Food frequency and sociodemographic data were derived from the Q2017 survey (N = 1176). Latent profile analysis identified dietary profiles using variables for the relative frequencies of country and market food consumption first, followed by an analysis with those for country food variables only. Multinomial logistic regression examined the associations among dietary profiles, sociodemographic factors, and food insecurity markers (to disassociate between food preferences and food access). Results Four overall dietary profiles and four country food dietary profiles were identified characterized by the relative frequency of country and market food in the diet. The patterns were stable across several sensitivity analyses and in line with our Inuit partners’ local knowledge. For the overall profiles, women and adults aged 30–49 years were more likely to have a market food–dominant profile, whereas men and individuals aged 16–29 and 50+ years more often consumed a country food–dominant profile. In the country food profiles, Inuit aged 16–29 years were more likely to have a moderate country food profile whereas Inuit aged 50+ were more likely to have a high country food–consumption profile. A low country and market food–consumption profile was linked to higher prevalence of food insecurity markers. Conclusion We were able to identify distinct dietary profiles with strong social pattern, Objectifs Les aliments traditionnels font partie intégrante de la culture inuite, mais la consommation d’aliments du marché est en augmentation. L’enquête de santé des Inuit Qanuilirpitaa? réalisée en 2017 (Q2017) a mis en évidence que la fréquence de consommation d’aliments traditionnels était similaire à celle rapportée en 2004. Or, les fréquences de consommation des aliments pris individuellement ne tiennent pas compte des habitudes alimentaires, de l’accessibilité des aliments et des corrélations entre les aliments consommés. Notre objectif était d’identifier les profils alimentaires sous-jacents et de les comparer selon le sexe, l’âge, la région écologique et les marqueurs d’insécurité alimentaire, étant donné le lien entre l’alimentation, la santé et les déterminants socioculturels. Méthodes Les données sur les fréquences alimentaires et sociodémographiques sont issues de l’enquête Q2017 (N=1176). L’analyse des profils latents a permis d’identifier des profils alimentaires en utilisant les variables pour les fréquences relatives de la consommation d’aliments traditionnels et du marché et uniquement celles pour les aliments traditionnels. Des régressions logistiques multinomiales ont été utilisées pour examiner les associations entre les profils alimentaires, les facteurs sociodémographiques et les marqueurs d’insécurité alimentaire (pour dissocier les préférences alimentaires de l’accès aux aliments). Résultats Quatre profils alimentaires globaux et quatre profils alimentaires spécifiques à la consommation d’aliments traditionnels ont été identifiés en fonction de la fréquence relative des aliments traditionnels et des aliments du marché dans l’alimentation. Les profils étaient en accord avec les connaissances locales de nos partenaires Inuit. Pour les profils alimentaires globaux, les femmes et les adultes âgés de 30 à 49 ans étaient plus susceptibles d’avoir un profil dominé par les aliments du marché, tandis que les hommes et les personnes âgées de 16 à 29

Published
2022

19. La consommation d’aliments traditionnels au Yukon, aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest et au Nunavut, étude Foodbook en 2014–2015

Author

Jennifer Cutler, Anna Manore, Angie Mullen, Matt Hurst, Shiona K Glass-Kaastra, Vanessa Morton, and Nadia Ciampa

Subjects
nunavut, aliments traditionnels, consommation alimentaire, General Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, yukon, territoires du nord-ouest
Abstract

Contexte : Cet article présente un résumé descriptif de la consommation de divers aliments traditionnels (i.e. des aliments d’origine végétale et animale procurés localement dans la nature) par les résidents du Yukon (Yn), des Territoires du Nord-Ouest (T. N.-O.) et du Nunavut (Nt). Les données ont été collectées dans le cadre de l’étude Foodbook en 2014 et 2015. Méthodes : L’étude Foodbook a été réalisée par téléphone sur une période d’un an. Les répondants ont été interrogés sur la consommation d’un large éventail de produits alimentaires au cours des sept jours précédents. Les habitants des territoires ont également été interrogés sur la consommation d’aliments traditionnels spécifiques à la région. Les données ont été pondérées afin d’élaborer des estimations territoriales de la consommation. Des données sur l’âge, le sexe, le lieu, le revenu et le niveau de scolarité ont également été recueillies. Résultats : Le taux de réponse national pour le sondage Foodbook a été de 19,9 %. Au total, 1 235 résidents des territoires ont participé à l’étude (Yn, n = 402, T. N.-O., n = 458, Nt, n = 375). La consommation d’aliments traditionnels au cours des sept jours précédents a été signalée par 77,5 %, 60,7 % et 66,4 % des participants au Yukon, aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest et au Nunavut, respectivement. Conclusion : Les réponses aux questions sur les aliments traditionnels posées en parallèle au questionnaire principal de l’étude Foodbook donnent un aperçu de la consommation d’aliments traditionnels au Yukon, aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest et au Nunavut.

Published
2021

20. “Where our women used to get the food”: cumulative effects and loss of ethnobotanical knowledge and practice; case study from coastal British Columbia.

Author

Turner, Nancy J. and Turner, Katherine L.

Subjects
*EDIBLE plants, *BOTANY, *USEFUL plants, *CASE studies, *PLANTS, *SOCIAL factors
Abstract

Knowledge and practices of indigenous peoples relating to local plants used for food, medicine, materials, and other purposes are threatened in many parts of the world. The reasons for declining knowledge and use of traditional resources are complex and multifaceted. We review a series of case examples of culturally valued food plants in British Columbia and identify a suite of interacting social and environmental factors that have resulted in decreased use of and dwindling cultural knowledge about these plants over the past 150 years. Reasons for this loss include compounding influences of changing knowledge systems owing to religious conversion and residential schools, loss of indigenous languages, loss of time and opportunity for traditional practices owing to participation in the wage economy, increasing urbanization of indigenous populations, loss of access to traditional resources, restriction of management practices for sustaining these resources, and most recently, forces of globalization and industrialization. Efforts to renew and restore traditional practices and relationships with plants and environments must recognize the cumulative effects of these factors and find ways to retain and reinforce the knowledge and practices still held by individuals and communities, to reverse some of the negative influences on cultural retention, and to develop new, relevant, and effective ways to revitalize languages, cultures, and ethnobotanical knowledge within contemporary contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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21. Social and Economic Barriers to Subsistence Harvesting in a Northern Alberta Aboriginal Community.

Author

Nelson, Mark, Natcher, David C., and Hickey, Clifford G.

Abstract

Copyright of Anthropologica is the property of CASCA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2005

22. First Nations households living on-reserve experience food insecurity: prevalence and predictors among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada

Author

Tonio Sadik, Peter R. Berti, Hing Man Chan, Malek Batal, Geneviève Mercille, Amy Ing, Karen Fediuk, and Louise Johnson-Down

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Canada, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, media_common.quotation_subject, Traditional food, Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Mixed Research, Food sovereignty, insécurité alimentaire, Indigenous, 03 medical and health sciences, State (polity), Premières Nations, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, souveraineté alimentaire, Indigenous Canadians, Socioeconomics, Child, media_common, First Nations, Consumption (economics), 0303 health sciences, Government, Family Characteristics, 030505 public health, Food security, Food insecurity, Public health, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Citizen journalism, General Medicine, Autochtones, Geography, Socioeconomic Factors, sécurité alimentaire, aliments traditionnels, 0305 other medical science
Abstract

To describe the prevalence of food insecurity in First Nations households across Canada while identifying barriers and enablers to traditional food (TF) consumption.The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study is a cross-Canada participatory study of on-reserve First Nations from 2008 to 2018. The Household Food Security Survey Module was used to capture income-related challenges experienced by First Nations households. Households were classified as food secure, or marginally, moderately, or severely food insecure. Barriers and enablers to TF access and use were identified describing the Indigenous experience.Almost half of on-reserve First Nations households were food insecure and the prevalence was higher than that for non-Indigenous households in Canada. On-reserve food insecurity prevalence was higher in western regions of Canada. First Nations households with children experienced greater food insecurity than those without children. More adults experienced severe food insecurity than children. Most adults would like to have more TF in their diet but state that factors such as financial and household constraints, industrial activities, government regulations, climate change, and fear of contamination impede greater access. Food costs were substantially higher in remote First Nations communities, but remoteness was not associated with food security in multivariable analysis.Existing systems have been unsuccessful in curbing the food insecurity in First Nations households. Improving food security hinges on achieving Indigenous Food Sovereignty, the key to long-term conservation and stewardship of the land and the co-management of these by Indigenous Peoples. Studies investigating the feasibility of increasing TF from an Indigenous perspective are required.RéSUMé: OBJECTIFS: Décrire la prévalence de l’insécurité alimentaire chez les ménages des Premières Nations du Canada tout en identifiant les obstacles et les facilitateurs de l’alimentation traditionnelle (AT). MéTHODES: L’étude sur l’alimentation, la nutrition et l’environnement des Premières Nations dans les réserves est une étude participative pancanadienne des ménages des Premières Nations. Le module d’enquête sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages a été utilisé pour tenir compte des défis liés au revenu qui confrontent les ménages des Premières Nations. Les ménages ont été classés comme étant en sécurité alimentaire ou insécurité alimentaire marginale, modérée ou sévère. Des obstacles et facilitateurs à l’accès et à l’utilisation des AT ont été identifiés pour décrire l’expérience autochtone. RéSULTATS: Près de la moitié des ménages dans les réserves des Premières Nations dans notre étude étaient en situation d’insécurité alimentaire et la prévalence était supérieure aux ménages non-Autochtones du Canada. L’insécurité alimentaire dans les réserves était plus élevée dans les régions de l’Ouest. Les ménages des Premières Nations ayant des enfants ont connu une plus grande insécurité alimentaire que ceux qui n’en ont pas. Plus d’adultes que d’enfants ont connu une insécurité alimentaire sévère. La plupart des adultes aimeraient avoir plus d’AT dans leur alimentation, mais affirment que des facteurs tels que les contraintes financières et domestiques, les activités industrielles, les réglementations gouvernementales, les changements climatiques et la peur de la contamination empêchent un meilleur accès. Les coûts des aliments étaient considérablement plus élevés dans les communautés isolées des Premières Nations, mais l’isolement n’était pas associé à la sécurité alimentaire dans l’analyse multivariée. CONCLUSION: Les systèmes existants ont échoué à freiner l’insécurité alimentaire chez les ménages des Premières Nations. L’amélioration de la sécurité alimentaire dépend de la réalisation de la souveraineté alimentaire autochtone, une clé pour la conservation à long terme des ressources naturelles et pour une gestion partagée de ces ressources par les peuples autochtones. Des études menées dans une perspective autochtone sur la faisabilité d’améliorer l’accès aux AT sont encore nécessaires.

Published
2020

23. Risque d’exposition aux métaux lourds associé à la consommation de viande de lièvre dans quatre communautés Anicinapek (Algonquines) de l’Abitibi- Témiscamingue.

Author

Bordeleau, Serge and Bordeleau, Serge

Abstract

La grande majorité des études sur la contamination des aliments traditionnels concerne les communautés Inuit de l’Arctique. Pourtant, les communautés autochtones de la forêt boréale sont elles aussi préoccupées par leur sécurité alimentaire. Cette étude visait à répondre aux interrogations et aux craintes de quatre communautés Anicinapek (Algonquines) de l’Abitibi-Témiscamingue à propos de possibles risques d'exposition aux métaux lourds occasionnés par la consommation d’aliments traditionnels. Afin de répondre à cette question, le foie et la chair de 196 lièvres d’Amérique (Lepus americanus) ont été échantillonnés à l’hiver 2012 sur les territoires traditionnels des communautés de Timiskaming, Winneway, Pikogan et Kitcisakik. Des entrevues ont permis d’évaluer les habitudes alimentaires et la consommation annuelle de lièvre dans ces communautés. Les concentrations dans la chair et le foie de lièvre étaient en-deçà des seuils de détection pour l’arsenic, le cobalt, le chrome, le nickel et le plomb; et indétectables pour le mercure et le cadmium dans la chair. Les échantillons de foie ont toutefois montré des concentrations moyennes de 0,15 mg/kg pour le mercure et de 3,79 mg/kg pour le cadmium (poids sec). La distance et l’orientation des sites d’échantillonnage par rapport à la fonderie Horne (Rouyn-Noranda) n’avait pas d'effet significatif sur la concentration en métaux lourds. Toutefois, la proportion de couvert forestier mixte et feuillu dans l’habitat du lièvre avait un effet négatif marginal sur les concentrations hépatiques de cadmium, de cuivre et de zinc. Le risque d'exposition lié à la consommation de la chair du lièvre d’Amérique apparaît faible en général. Les consommateurs fréquents, qui incluent aussi les abats du lièvre dans leurs repas, seraient toutefois davantage exposés au cadmium et au mercure, légèrement au-delà des seuils reconnus. À cela s’ajoute les autres aliments et habitudes de vie pouvant augmenter l’exposition globale aux métaux lourds.

Published
2016

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