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Objective: Sleep is a vital component of human life that serves many critical roles in physical and mental health, and well-being. There were few studies on children, diagnosed with allergic diseases, especially preschool children. The aim of our study mas to evaluate sleep disorders in children with allergic diseases. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Dr. Burhan Nalbantoğlu Hospital Child Immunology and Allergy outpatient clinic between January 1 and March 20, 2024, patients included who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, asthma and/or atopic dermatitis.The 'Sleep Disturbance Scale for children (SDSC) was applied to the parents by the researcher during the outpatient clinic visit. Results: In this study, 145 patients were involved. Five (3.4%) patients had clinically significant SDSC score. There was a statistically significant difference in the Children's Sleep Disturbance Scale mean score between having and not having symptoms of allergic diseases. Patients diagnosed wheezy child tended to have higher mean score of SHY. Among patients having symptoms of allergic diseases, there was statistically significant difference in the SDSC mean score between having nose congestion, cough, and activity limitation and not having these symptoms. Patients using oral antihistaminic treatment tended to have higher total mean scores of SDSC. Conclusion: In this study, out of 145 patients, 5 (3.4%) patients had clinically significant SDSC score. Patients having symptom of allergic diseases tended to have higher total mean score of childrens' sleep disturbance scale. Patients diagnosed wheezy child tended to have higher mean score of SHY. Patients having nose congestion, cough, and activity limitation tended to have higher total mean score of SDSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of asthma and allergic diseases in school children and adolescents in Adıyaman, Turkey. Material and Methods: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was completed online by parents of 280 children aged 6-7 years and 163 adolescents aged 13-14 years living in Adıyaman. Additional questions were added to the online survey to determine the prevalence of food and drug allergies. Results: The prevalence of allergic diseases in the 6-7 and 13-14 age groups were as follows: 23.2% and 18.4% for asthma, 21.4% and 18.4% for allergic rhinitis, 11.4% and 11% for eczema, 10.4% and 8.6% for food allergy, and 8.6% and 3.7% for drug allergy. In the 6-7-year age group, male sex was associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis; cesarean delivery with drug allergy; and fewer siblings with atopic eczema and drug allergy. In the 13-14-year age group, having pets and more siblings were associated with eczema and food allergy, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first study that demonstrated the prevalence of allergic diseases in Adıyaman province and showed that the overall prevalence of allergic diseases is high in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It was aimed to evaluate the post-treatment clinical findings and quality of life among patients treated with allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). Materials and Methods: Our study included 39 pediatric patients who underwent SCIT in October 2022 in the department of pediatric allergy and immunology, who were allergic to house dust mites, diagnosed with allergic rhinitis or combined allergic rhinitis and asthma. Socio-demographic characteristics, laboratory and clinical features of the patients were evaluated. Visual analog scale (VAS) and Rhino Conjunctivits Scoring System (RCSS) were used to evaluate the disease symptoms quantitatively after allergen-specific immunotherapy. Disease-related quality of life was evaluated with the Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) questionnaire. Results: Of the 39 pediatric patients evaluated, 33 (84.6%) were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis; 6 (15.4%) were diagnosed with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Of the patients, 66.7% (n=26) were male. The median age was 10.0 years (6.0- 17.0). The relationship between the total number of SCIT injections administered to the patients and the patients' VAS, RCSS and PRQLQ scores was evaluated. A moderate to strong negative correlation was seen with all scores. Except for the RCSS ocular-redness subscore, all correlations were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: In patients in the further stages of SCIT treatment, the quality of life was higher and the severity of clinical findings was lower. It is presented that the severity of clinical findings related to allergic rhinitis decreased during SCIT treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Detection of the allergens in patients diagnosed with asthma and allergic rhinitis enables them to take environmental precautions in addition to receiving medical treatments, for full control of symptoms. We aimed to evaluate the distribution of aeroallergen sensitivity in skin prick tests (SPT) of children living in the Elazığ and Malatya regions and diagnosed with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. Materials and Method: Patients who were diagnosed with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis and applied SPT between January 2022 and June 2022 were included. Demographic characteristics, diagnoses, disease severity and control level, laboratory values, and aeroallergen sensitivities in the SPT were recorded retrospectively. Results: Sensitivity to at least one aeroallergen was detected in 229 (57%) of 401 patients who underwent SPT with the diagnosis of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. Additionally, 41.5% of the patients with aeroallergen sensitivity were found to be sensitive to more than one aeroallergen. The median age of patients with aeroallergen sensitivity was 6 years (4-9.5), and 132 (57.6%) of them were girls. Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 161 (70.3%) patients, asthma+allergic rhinitis in 41 (17.9%), and asthma in 27 (11.8%) patients. Patients were most sensitive to the fungal mixture (41.5%), followed by the grass-pollen mixture (36.7%) and house dust mites (31%). House dust mite susceptibility was found most frequently (48.1%) in patients with asthma. Among the asthmatic patients, monosensitization was higher in those with uncontrolled asthma (p=0.04). Conclusion: The data obtained from our study may contribute to the application of allergen protection methods and treatment in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis living in these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Allergic diseases (ADs) are a serious global public health problem affecting all age groups. Hundreds of millions suffer from ADs worldwide. We aimed to determine the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and eczema symptoms in school children aged 6-14years in a tropical region in Southwestern Iran. Material and Method: In 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional study using the Persian version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire among two age groups (school children aged 6-7 and 13-14 years). The schools were randomly selected from Dezful City, Iran. Results: Valid responses were obtained [rom 2908 participants. The prevalence of diagnosed asthma, AR, and eczema was 3.1% and 6.3%, 3.9% and 7.6%, and 4.5% and 7.1% among the 6-7 and 13-14 age groups, respectively. Also, the prevalence rates of diagnosed asthma, AR, and eczema in school children aged 6-14 years were 4.6%, 5.5%, and 5.8%, respectively. Regarding sex and age groups, the prevalence rates of AD symptoms were significantly higher in boys than in girls and in the 13-14 age group than in the 6-7 age group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma, AR, and eczema was moderate in school children of Dezful City. Our study described the distribution of AD in school children in this region of Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University / Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Institute of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ümraniye Pediatri Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Atopic march is a model that explains the progression of allergic diseases from atopic dermatitis (AD) to allergic asthma and rhinitis. In our study, while evaluating the presence of allergen sensitivity and allergic diseases in patients who were diagnosed with AD and followed up until the age of at least 5 years, we wanted to investigate how much the definition of classical atopic gait responded to expectations. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the file records of patients diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, whose ages were 2 years and under at the time of application and followed up regularly until at least 5 years of age. We recorded the clinical and laboratory findings. We noted the allergic disease status and allergen sensitivity of the patients when they were 5 years old. Results: Forty-one patients with a diagnosis of AD who met the criteria were identified. During the application, we found food sensitivity in 28 (68.3%) patients. When 41 patients reached the age of 5, 13 (31.7%) were diagnosed with asthma and 12 (29.2%) were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: We found the frequency of asthma and allergic rhinitis higher in patients with AD than in the normal population. However, we could not show a relationship between food sensitivity and the development of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. Effective skin care in AD can be protective for developing of allergic diseases. In order for clinicians to understand the heterogeneity of atopic disease models in children and to eliminate this variability, infants with AD should be followed up in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rhinolith is a rare nasal foreign body formed by the progressive deposition of calcium and magnesium salts on the exogenous or endogenous nidus. Sinonasal inflammatory disorders like sinusitis and chronic vestibulitis are frequently identified endogenous cause. In contrast, rhinolith formation is rarely reported to be associated with allergic rhinitis, despite it is a common disease globally. Unilateral nasal obstruction and purulent nasal discharge are among the most common presentation. We present a case of huge rhinolith in a teenage girl with underlying moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis, presented with epistaxis and worsening nasal obstruction. It was successful removed in the clinic after application of topical anesthesia and decongestant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology / Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamaları is the property of Official Journal of ENT-HNS Society of Istanbul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common allergic diseases worldwide. T lymphocytes play an important role in the development and control of this disease. This study aimed to measure the levels of Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cell-specific transcription factors (GATA-3, RORγt, and FOXP3, respectively) in the blood of AR patients treated with glucocorticoids (GCs) compared to those in healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 32 patients with AR treated with GCs and 20 healthy individuals. RNA was extracted from the blood cells, and cDNA was synthesized. The expression levels of GATA-3, RORγt, and FOXP3 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum IgE levels in the patients and controls were measured using ELISA. Results: Our results showed that AR patients expressed significantly higher levels of FOXP3 and lower levels of GATA-3 than healthy controls. However, the level of RORγt was not significantly different between the patients and healthy controls. In addition, serum IgE levels were higher in patients with AR than in the controls. Conclusion: These results showed that treatment of patients with GCs increased FOXP3 expression and decreased GATA-3 expression but had no significant effect on RORγt expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Alerjik rinit toplumda sık görülen ve poliklinik muayenesi ile sık tanı konulan hastalıklardan biridir. Bu araştırmada hastaneye başvurup alerjik rinit tanısı alanlarda deri prick testi yapılma sıklığı ve buna etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç-Yöntem: Araştırma Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesine 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında başvurup J30 (Vazomotor ve Alerjik Rinit) ve alt tanı kodlarını (J30.0, J30.1, J30.2, J30.3, J30.4) alan kişilerin muayene kayıtlarının geçmişe yönelik taranmasıyla yapılmıştır. Toplam 8496 muayene kaydı incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Alerjik rinit tanısı alanların %55,5’i kadındır. İncelenenlerin %25,8’i 0-17 yaş arası, %67,8’i 18-64 yaş arası, %6,4’ü 65 yaş üstüdür. İncelenenlerin %77,6’sının alerjik rinit tanısıyla bu 2 yıl içerisinde tek başvurusu olmuştur. Başvuranların %11,5’ine deri prick testi yapılmıştır. Prick testi yapılanların %64,4’ünde en az bir alerjene karşı pozitif sonuç saptanmıştır. Yapılan Ki-kare analizlerine göre 18 yaş altında olanlara, kadın cinsiyete, başvuru sayısı birden fazla olanlara deri prick testi yapılma sıklığı artmaktadır. Sonuç: Alerjik rinit tanısı alanların çoğunda semptomatik tedavi uygulanmakta ve etiyolojiyi aydınlatmaya yönelik işlemler yapılmamaktadır. Daha çok çocuk yaş grubunda ebeveynlerin kaygılarıyla etiyolojinin aydınlatılmasına yönelik işlemlerin yapıldığı düşünülmektedir. Alerjik rinit tanısı alanlarda deri prick testi yapılmasının hekimlere rehber olacak şekilde geliştirilmesi klinikler arası farklılıkların ortadan kaldırılması yerinde olacaktır.

Objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by IgE after exposure to an allergen. The most well known related comorbidity of AR is asthma. This study was planned due to the need for an animal model for studies on AR-asthma coexistence. In this study, the frequency of AR accompanying in the asthma model created in mice, and the usability of the related model in AR studies will be investigated. Methods: In our study, 6-8 week-old, 18-20 g BALB/c mice were used. Chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA Grade V, Sigma) was administered through intraperitoneal (IP) route at doses of 10 μg on days 0 and 14. Mice were exposed to aerosolized 2.5% ovalbumin solution in sterile saline for 30 minutes 3 days a week for 8 weeks, starting 7 days after the last IP administration (21st day). After exposure to OVA, mice were observed for typical signs of AR including sneezing, runny nose, and nasal itching. The final diagnosis of AR was made by histopathological examination of the rhinotracheal tissues of mice. Results: In our study, all mice exposed to ovalbumin received histopathologic diagnosis of AR. Increased number of capillaries lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophilsper square millimetre of rhinotracheal tissues were calculated in the murine model of AR compared to the the control group. Conclusion: This study introduced a new AR model, not cited in the literature, and induced with the longest-term ovalbumin exposure in the literature. It was concluded that this model, known as the asthma model, can also be used to induce an AR model and can be used in studies investigating coexistence of allergic rhinitis and asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of fungal allergen sensitivities and the factors associated with fungal allergen sensitivities in children with allergic rhinitis. Method: 331 children aged 2-18 years who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and had sensitivity to at least one inhalant allergen in skin prick tests were prospectively included in the study. The skin prick test was performed with standard allergen solutions. Results: 62.5% of the patients with allergic rhinitis were boys and 37.5% were girls, and the onset of symptoms was 6.77±4.06 years old. Mite sensitivity (68.8%) was the most common in children with allergic rhinitis, followed by grass pollen sensitivity (48.9%). Sensitivity to at least one fungal allergen was detected at a rate of 10.6% (n=35), the most common among this group being Alternaria alternata (88.5%). The age of onset of allergic rhinitis symptoms was found to be significantly earlier in the group with fungal allergen sensitivity compared to the group without fungal allergen sensitivity (5.23±3.44 years/6.95±4.09 years, respectively, p=0.019). For the presence of sensitivity to fungal allergens; Corylus avellena sensitivity or dog allergen sensitivity were found to be significant risk factors. In terms of additional asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis; Dermatophagoides farinae sensitivity or presence of cockroach sensitivity were found to be significant risk factors. Conclusion: Sensitivity to fungal allergens is observed at a remarkable rate in children with allergic rhinitis. Most of the sensitivity to fungal allergens is Alternaria alternata sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Aims: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a common disorder that negatively effects the quality of life with symptoms due to the inflammation of nasal epithelium. Objective of this study is to determine the general demographical and clinical features of patients with AR, who had positive skin prick test (SPT) results. Methods: Patients diagnosed as AR with positive SPT results were analyzed. The allergens tested were: grasses, cereals+grasses , trees 1 (early flowering), trees 2 (late flowering), house-dust mites ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), Dermatophagoides farinae (DF), tyrophagus putrescentiae (TP), lepidoglyphus destructor (LD) and acarus siro (AS). Results: Of the total 202 patients, 145 female (with a mean age of 32.42 ±12.81 years) and 57 male (with a mean age of 28.44 ± 11.5 years) were included in the study. The most common allergens determined were; DF, DP, cereals+grasses and grasses. Tyrophagus significantly was more common in females (p:0.04). Nasal discharge, dyspnea, itching and weakness-tiredness were reported to be more common in females compared with males. DF, DP, TP and LD were statistically significantly more common in housewives (p lt;0.05). Dyspnea, wheezing and itching were statistically significantly more common in housewives (p lt;0.05).Conclusions: Housewives are risky occupational group for the development of allergic rhinitis due to house dust mites

Allergic rhinitis is a specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated reaction developed against respiratory allergens. The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis; sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, itching in the nose, eyes and palate. Cells, cytokines, surface markers, transcription factors and other mediators have been revealed with the sequential removal of nasal biopsy and lavages in human and animal models exposed to allergens over the years. Respiratory allergen induces Th2 lymphocyte proliferation with a combination of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13. These molecules promote allergen specific IgE, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, adhesion molecules and chemokines. In this review, immunological mechanisms in allergic rhinitis reexamined by reviewing the current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology / Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamaları is the property of Official Journal of ENT-HNS Society of Istanbul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Skin prick test (SPT) is mainly used for diagnosis and follow-up of diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD), chronic urticaria (CU), allergic asthma (AA) and allegic rhinitis (AR). The aim of current study is to explore the results of SPT retrospectively which were performed in Dermatology Outpatient Allergy Unit (DOAU) for identifying indications and positivity. Methods: Results of SPT which were performed on 2014-2016 were investigated based on archives of DOAU. Results of SPT were analyzed from the SPT Forms which were prepared for each patient. Results: SPT were performed on 1916 individuals who admitted to DOAU during 2015-2016. AA was determined in 941, AR in 133 and dermatological diseases were 842 patients. SPT positive results, for at least one or more allergen agents, of patients with AA, AR and dermatological diseases were 92.1%, 71.4% and 50% respectively. Dermatological diseases included; except CU in 69 patients and AD in 55 patients. In the remaining 718 patients were diagnosed with dermatitis, idiopathic generalised pruritus (IGP) and other dermatological disorders. SPT positivity rates in CU was 55.1%, 52.7% in AD and 48.6% in several dermatological diseases. Conclusions: As a result, the rate of SPT positivity in patients with AA and AR were higher than both CU, AD and several dermatological diseases. The reason of this may be related with lesser role of type 1 hypersensivity reaction in etiopathogenesis of CU and AD, and/or improper SPT indications who were directed with diagnosis of several dermatological diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether allergic rhinitis exerts any effect on middle ear pathology in patients undergoing operation for adenoid vegetation by using SFAR. Material and Methods: In this study 72 patients with adenoid vegetation were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-five patients (Group 1) underwent adenoidectomy and ventilation tube, while 47 patients (Group 2) underwent only adenoidectomy. Patients with adenoidectomy indications included those who were found to have 70-100% obstruction due to adenoid vegetation in nasopharynx via flexible endoscope, and patients undergoing VT included those who had intractable otitis media despite more than three months of treatment along with adenoid hypertrophy. SFAR was recorded after assessment of all the patients. Group 1 and Group 2 patients were compared using SFAR. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of allergic rhinitis score measured by SFAR (p=0.150). In the operated patient group, the rate of allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in those who are older than 7 years (p=0.020) No impact of gender was found on the rate of allergic rhinitis (p=0.829). No significant difference was found between Group 1 and Group 2 in the evaluation made with SFAR. (p=0273). Mean SFAR score was found to be 10.500+0.71 in Group 1 and 9.00+2.16 in Group 2. Conclusion: In this study no impact of allergic rhinitis on adenoid hypertrophy and adenoid hypertrophy accompanied with otitis media with effusion was found using SFAR. In order to reach a definitive conclusion, further studies with higher number of patients and which include prospective invivo and invitro tests are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of real-life integrated care pathways (ICPs) was recommended for digitally enabled, integrated, person-centered care for rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity embedding environmental exposure. ICPs are structured multidisciplinary care plans detailing key steps of patient care. They promote the translation of guideline recommendations into local protocols and their application to clinical practice. In allergic rhinitis, there is an urgent need to develop next-generation guidelines for pharmacotherapy and ICPs for allergen immunotherapy. A meeting was held in Paris on December 3, 2018, during which two separate documents were produced. An executive summary is presented in this article, which will be customized in different countries or regions in order to adjust the conclusions of the papers for local use and health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the increasingly common diseases of the age is allergic rhinitis. In the treatment of allergic rhinitis, primarily allergens and drug treatment are used. Antihistamines are used to reduce the effect of allergens. Therefore, physicochemical parameters, side effects and drug interactions such as solubility, biological activity, absorption, lipophilic effects and ionization constants of these drugs have been investigated in recent years. The ionization constant (pKa) is the pH at which the ionized and non-ionized forms of a molecule are equal to each other. pKa value affects the drug absorption. Because most of the drugs are low water-soluble molecules, water-organic solvent binary mixtures are used in the determination of ionization constants. In this study, ionisation constant values of loratadine and desloratadine in water-acetonitrile solvent were determined by HPLC method. The pKa values obtained by using non linear regression program (NLREG) were changed to aqueous pKa values by means of Mole fraction-pKa method and Yasuda-Shedlovsky extrapolation method. It was observed that the data obtained were in harmony with the data calculated by the computer program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To detect the positivity ratio of prick test and to investigate the distribution of allergens according to the age, gender, pre-diagnosis and seasons in Giresun. Methods: In this study, 330 patients undergone skin prick test in 12 month- period were included. Reviewing retrospectively, ages, genders, pre-diagnosis, seasons and results of the prick tests were noted. Ratio of test positivity and multiple allergen positivity were compared between children and adults. Results: Of 330 patients, 92 (27.9 %) had allergic rhinitis, 73 (22.1 %) had urticaria, 59 (17.9 %) had chronic cough, 50 (15.1%) had chronic pruritus, 25 (7.6 %) had atopic dermatitis, 25 (7.6 %) had contact dermatitis and 6 (1.8 %) had angioneurotic edema. Highest test positivity was evident in angioneurotic edema (83.3 %) and allergic rhinitis (65.2 %) patients. Of the patients, 106 (66.7 %) had mite sensitivity (house dust and warehouse), 44 (27.7 %) had meadow and grass pollen sensitivity, and 43 (27%) had tree pollen sensitivity. The most frequent allergen type was house dust mites in allergic rhinitis patients [D. Pteronyssnus (55%) and D. Farinae (50%)]. In children, the highest ratio of test positivity was in allergic rhinitis (72.7%) and atopic dermatitis patients (50%). No difference was evident between the ratio of test positivity and multiple allergen positivity of children and adults (X² = 0.417, p=0.519 and X² = 0.383, p=0.536; respectively). Conclusions: The most common pre-diagnosis for prick test was allergic rhinitis. Highest test positivity was in angioneurotic edema and allergic rhinitis patients. The most common allergen type was house dust mite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The nasal cavity is anatomically and functionally communicates with eyes, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, middle ear and lower airways. Therefore, comorbid diseases such as asthma, chronic sinusitis, adenoid hypertrophy allergic conjunctivitis are common in patients with allergic rhinitis. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of comorbid diseases, clinical features of patients who referred to our outpatient clinic with allergic rhinitis. Method: The study included children aged between 3-17 years who were diagnosed with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis between September 2015 and March 2016 in our pediatric allergy outpatient clinic. Patient files were retrospectively reviewed; comorbid diseases, family history, eosinophil percentage, total IgE level and allergy test results and the number of drugs used were recorded. In the first month of the treatment, visual analog scale was used to score the symptoms. P<0.05 was considered significant in the statistical analysis. Results: A total of 106 patients (33 female, 73 male) with respective median ages of 7.25 and 5.13 years [range: 3.0-17.0, years] were included in the study. In 84.9% of our patients, skin test was positive, and in 69.8% of the patients the symptoms persisted for more than 2 years. The most common comorbid diseases were asthma (52.8%) and adenoid hypertrophy (30.2%). In our study, the incidence of adenoid hypertrophy was higher and total IgE levels were lower in the skin test-negative group (p=0.019, p=0.027). Conclusion: In our study, the most common comorbid diseases in patients with allergic rhinitis were asthma and adenoid hypertrophy, and in the skin test-negative group adenoid hypertrophy was more frequent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) and upper airway obstructive pathologies such as allergic rhinitis (AR), nasal septum deviation (NSD), adenoid hypertrophy (AD) and tonsillar hypertrophy (TH). Methods: The study included 78 volunteer PNE patients (42 males, 36 females; mean age: 7.2 ± 1.6 years, range: 5.4 to 11.6 years) who applied to Pediatrics and Urology outpatient clinics of a second-stage hospital between June 1, 2018 and September 1, 2018. The control group included 72 volunteer children (34 males, 38 females; mean age: 7.6 ± 1.4 years, range: 5.1 to 12.7 years) who were admitted to the inpatient outpatient clinics of the same hospital and had no PNE complaint. All participants included in the study were applied routine physical examination, flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy and score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaire. Brodsky scale and fiberendoscopic findings were used to classify tonsil and adenoid dimensions respectively. Results: There was no significant difference between PNE (+) and PNE (-) groups in terms of age and gender (respectively p = 0.203 and p = 0.819). Although AR and NSD were similar in both groups, the ratio of AH and TH was statistically significantly higher in the PNE (+) group (p = 0.016 and p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy must be considered in children with primary nocturnal enuresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been investigated whether feeding with formula in infancy increases the risk of allergic rhinitis in childhood. Methods: The study included a total of 876 patients 40.5% (n = 355) males, 59.5% (n =521) females with mean age 10,1±5,7 years, who applied to a secondary hospital Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Clinic between June 01, 2018 and September 01, 2018. Patients were evaluated with 'The Score for Allergic Rhinitis' (SFAR) questionnaire. Consistency of physical examination with allergic rhinitis and the SFAR >7 were assessed in favor of allergic rhinitis. Besides this, patients were asked about their medical history if they had breast feeding and formula feeding in the first two years of life. Those who had a nursing history with formula in the first two years of life were grouped as Formula (+), and those without such a history were grouped as Formula (-). Results: Number of patient with allergic rhinitis were 150 (17.1 %) in 876 patient who has been included in the study. Allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in female gender (p=0.004). The use rate of any formula-fed during infancy was 37.6%> (n=329). While 56%> (n=84) of allergic rhinitic patients had formula-fed history, 33,7%> (n=245) of non-allergic rhinitic patients had formula-fed history. Allergic rhinitis was detected significantly higher in the ones who had formula-fed during their infancy period (p<0.001). Conclusion: Formula-feeding during infancy was seen as an increasing risk factor of allergic rhinitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was planned for the purpose of revealing whether patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) carry a greater risk compared with healthy individuals in terms of developing chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Material and Method: 676 volunteer patients (402 female, 274 male) who were referred to the otorhinolaryngology (ENT) outpatient clinics of secondary care hospitals were randomly included in the study. The score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) points and otomicroscopic examination findings of all the volunteers were recorded. The patients were grouped as AR (+) and AR (-) based on whether they had allergic rhinitis, and as CSOM (+) and CSOM (-) based on whether they had chronic suppurative otitis media. For all statistical analysis, SPSS version 21.0 was used. Results: While 18.6% of the AR (+) patients were KSOM (+), 28.7% of the AR (-) patients were KSOM (+). Chronic suppurative otitis media was seen significantly more in the AR (-) group com- pared with the AR (+) group (p<0.026). Conclusion: Allergic rhinitis is not seen as a risk factor in the etiol- ogy of chronic suppurative otitis media. Conversely, the factors that play a role in the etiology of allergic rhinitis could be effective against chronic suppurative otitis media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate nasal nitric oxide (nNO) and its metabolites nasal nitrite-nitrate (nNOx) in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), the effects of two different drugs (oral antihistamine and intranasal steroid) on nNOx and the presence of a correlation between nNOx and clinical parameters. Methods: Sixty patients with active symptoms of perennial AR and 25 healthy adults as a control group were enrolled. The patients were randomized into two groups. Half of the patients received fexofenadine 1x120 mg/day orally, and the other half received triamcinolone acetonide 1 x2 puff/day intranasally for one month. The amount of nNOx in nasal lavage fluid was measured by using a commercially available kit and the photometric endpoint determination method. Results: Pre-treatment levels of NOx in the nasal lavage fluids (1.92± 1.20 mg/l) of patients with AR were found to be significantly higher when compared with nasal lavage fluid NOx levels of healthy adults (1.38±0.78 mg/l) (p=0.04). The post-treatment nNOx level (1.52±0.85 mg/l) was significantly lower when compared with the pre-treatment value (p=0.028). Conclusion: Nasal nitric oxide metabolites were shown to be good biomarkers for AR, and that oral fexofenadine significantly decreased nNOx levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Eotaxin-2 and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) are involved in the eosinophil trafficking in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR). Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) is an anti-inflammatory protein mainly produced by the epithelial non-ciliated Clara cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of CC16 and chemokines eotaxin-2 and RANTES in nasal mucosa of patients with PAR. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one PAR patients and 20 healthy participants were included. CC16, eotaxin-2, and RANTES concentrations were measured in nasal secretions. PAR patients were administered fluticasone furoate nasal spray (220 μg daily for 14 days). We performed nasal cytology, symptom score assessment, and inflammatory mediator detection before and after the therapy. Results: The level of CC16 in patients with PAR was lower than in the healthy subjects (p=0.023). The eosinophil counts and local concentrations of eotaxin-2 and RANTES were higher in patients with PAR in comparison with controls (p=0.008, p=0.001, p=0.031, respectively). We also found a negative correlation between the CC16 and eotaxin-2 levels in nasal secretions of PAR patients (r=-0.492, p=0.023). After corticosteroid therapy, the patients with PAR had lower nasal symptoms, eosinophil counts, eotaxin-2, and RANTES levels and higher levels of CC16 (p<0.001 for all parameters). Conclusion: Our results suggest the presence of a negative correlation in production of CC16 and eotaxin-2 in nasal mucosa of patients with PAR. Intranasal corticosteroids have a suppressive effect on mucosal eosinophilic inflammation and a stimulating effect on local CC16 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic allergic disease. The effects of allergic diseases on autoimmune diseases are not known. The patients are predisposed to react to exogenic antigens in allergic diseases and they can more easily react to endogenous antigens. Therefore, autoantibody prevalence studies are required. In this study, we attempted to prove the possible relation between the thyroid function tests, thyroid autoantibodies and allergic rhinitis. Methods: A total of 319 patients, with 193 (60%) with allergic rhinitis between June 2015 and October 2015 and 126 (40%) as the control group were included in the study; 38% of the patient group was male and 62% was female; and 44% of the control group was male and 56% was female. Results: No significant difference was found in the antithyroglobuline (anti-Tg; p=0.295) and antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO; p=0.224) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) (p>0.05) values between the patient and control groups. In our study, autoantibody positivity ratios in the patients with allergic rhinitis were specified as 15.6% (anti-Tg) and 11.5% (anti-TPO). In addition, a weak positive relationship was found between the age and anti-Tg values (p<0.001; r=0.268). Conclusion: Allergic and autoimmune diseases together find are not common phenomena in an individual. This can be explained to usually managed by different processing of the Th1 and Th2 pathways. Although we did not find a statistical significance in our study, the thyroid autoantibodies were higher in the allergic rhinitis group with compared to controls . We believe that these patients should be closely monitored in terms of clinical and laboratory parameters and should be followed in terms of thyroid disease development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sensitization prevalence studies have been rarely reported in children with allergic rhinitis from different regions of Turkey, and the exact rates of some sensitizations in humid regions such as Sakarya are still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore what kind of allergens play a role in sensitizations of allergic rhinitis patients during childhood in the Sakarya province of Turkey. Methods: This cross-sectional study involves 623 patients, 1-18 years of age, who have allergic rhinitis symptoms and were referred to the only pediatric allergy outpatient clinic in Sakarya between May 2013 and June 2015. Firstly, a questionnaire containing demographic data and patient history was completed. The multiple skin prick test system was used to detect sensitization. With 0 x 0 mm negative control, any positive test result with an allergen was defined as a wheal =3 mm diameter. Results: Overall, 289/623 (46%) children showed a positive response. 37% of them were found to have multiple sensitizations. Among the 289 patients, there were sensitizations to pollens (252/289: 87%), mites (51%), grasses (66%), trees (21%), molds (8%), animals (6%), and foods (6%). Sensitizations above 5 years of age were as follows: grasses, 72% (168/233); mites, 49.4%; trees, 24.5%; molds, 6.9%; and animals, 6%. Under 5 years were as follows: mites, 59% (33/56); grasses, 42.9%; foods, 25%; molds, 10.7%; trees, 5.4%; and animals, 3.6%. Conclusion: There were significant sensitizations detected for pollens and mites. Overall, a lower sensitization (8%) to molds is found in our patients who were referred to us from the humid Sakarya province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a globally common inflammatory disease that has a considerable effect on an individual's quality of life. It is estimated that AR affects 10% to 25% of the general population. Both gustatory and olfactory disorders affect the social activities and job performance resulting in impaired quality of life in patients suffering from AR. We think that these problems have not been sufficiently investigated in the past. We, therefore, decided to evaluate the smell-taste disorders in patients suffering from AR. Our objective is to evaluate the chemosensory perception in patients suffering from allergic AR. Methods: Fifty-four patients with AR and 34 healthy controls were enrolled for the current study. "Sniffin' sticks" test and taste strips were used for chemosensory assessment. Results: According to the "Sniffin' sticks" test results, patients with AR had significantly lower scores for odor threshold and identification subtasks, whereas there was no difference between the two groups regarding odor discrimination scores (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.3, respectively). After evaluating the taste strip test results, we found that taste scores were significantly low in patients with AR when compared to controls for sweet, salty, bitter and sour tastes. Conclusion: This study showed clinically important deficiency of chemosensory sensitivity in AR patients. Since chemosensory deprivation in AR patients has tended to be overlooked in the past, these outcomes suggest that chemosensory disorders should be part of the standard evaluation of patients with AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. Skin tests show type 1 hypersensitivity reactions against various allergens. Allergic triggers and degree of sensitivity against a specific agent can be determined by skin tests. In this study; the skin test results in asthmatic children, the presence of allergic rhinitis based on family history, and evaluations depending on several factors have been considered. Material and Methods: Patients who had been diagnosed and monitored with asthma together with allergic rhinitis and had no any other disease were enrolled in to the study. A standard data form was completed for each patient. Pulmonary function tests were performed. Skin prick tests were also performed for each patient. Results were assessed depending on atopy in the family history and diagnostic groups of Asthma / Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis. results: In this study, 236 asthmatic patients in total who were 6-18 years old were included: 155 (65.7%) were male and the mean age was 7.9 (7.4-12.2) (IQR) years. The number of asthmatic patients was 163 while the number of patients who had both asthma and allergic rhinitis was 73. The frequency of sensitivity to at least one allergen was 42.6 % according to the result of the skin test. The maximum sensitivity was for pollens with a rate of 23.6%. Atopy frequency according to the diagnostic groups was 39% in asthmatic patients and 52% in those with asthma and allergenic rhinitis (p=0.061). The allergen sensitivity was 39.8% in the group with a family history of atopy and 44.3% in the group without a family history of allergen sensitivity (p=0.496). conclusion: Allergen sensitivity has an important role in asthma in childhood. Allergen sensitivity should therefore be investigated for all patients who are diagnosed as asthma. The socio-demographic characteristics and family history of each patient who has a skin test done should be carefully questioned in terms of other concomitant allergenic diseases. Our study is similar to other pollen sensitivity studies in general. As expected, the frequency of allergen sensitivity was higher in the group that had asthma together with allergenic rhinitis than those with asthma only. Allergen sensitivity was lower in our study for the group with a family history while it was expected to be higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Knowledge about the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases has been expanding in recent years. Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that are components of the innate immune system. Defensins have strong efficacy against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Moreover, they have regulatory functions in many physiologic processes such as antitumoral immunity, chemotaxis, inflammation, and wound healing. In this study, we aimed to investigate β-defensin 2 levels in the nasal fluids of children with allergic rhinitis. Material and Methods: Study and control groups consisted of 28 patients with newly diagnosed allergic rhinitis who were not taking any medication, and 23 healthy children. Skin prick tests were performed on patients with allergic rhinitis and disease severity was assessed using the total symptom score. Nasal fluid samples were obtained using a modified polyurethane sponge absorption method from patients and control subjects. Nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The median value of nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels were 173.8 pg/mL (interquartile range; 54.8-205.9 pg/mL) in allergic rhinitis group and 241.6 pg/mL (163.5-315.2 pg/mL) in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.01). Moreover, nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels showed a significant negative correlation with total symptom scores (rho= -0.78, p<0.001). Conclusions: Children with allergic rhinitis have reduced nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels compared with controls, and β-defensin 2 levels were negatively correlated with disease severity. A more definite understanding of the roles of defensins and other antimicrobial peptides in allergic inflammation can open up new horizons in the management and treatment of these common diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic respiratory diseases are common public health problem. Although several treatment options, some of patients cannot manage to get satisfactory recovery. High altitude (HA) is shown as a natural additive and/or salvage therapy option for this patient group. We aimed to present the effect of HA on allergic rhinitis and bronchial hyperreactivity in company with literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We evaluated the incidence of psychiatric disorders in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and assessed the effects of the use of antidepressants on symptoms when they are included in the treatment regimen of patients with AR who are resistant to AR treatment. Methods: A total of 49 patients who were resistant to the treatment for AR and who did not accept the option of immunotherapy were included in the study. Thirty-eight of the 40 patients were advised to take the antidepressant sertraline; however, only 21 of them agreed to use the medication while 17 of them refused. The 21 patients who agreed to begin the antidepressant were also advised to undergo AR treatment with desloratadine once per day and intranasal mometasone furoate once per day (Group 1). The patients who refused to use the antidepressant were advised to begin the AR treatment (Group 2). Symptom scoring for AR was again performed for all patients 6 weeks after treatment. The Psychological Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI TX I and TX II) were performed on the patients in the company of a psychiatrist. Results: The post-treatment nasal and non-nasal symptom scores in Group 1 were significantly better than the pretreatment scores for any of the seven symptoms (p=0.000). No significant correlation was found between the AR symptom scores and the average SCL-90 general symptom score, the SCL-90 subscale scores, the total BDI scores, and the STAI scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of antidepressants diminishes the allergic symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant AR since psychosomatic factor is of great importance in the patient population of AR. Amaç: Bu çalışmada alerjik rinit (AR) hastalarında psikiyatrik bozuklukların insidansı ve AR tedavisine dirençli AR hastalarının tedavi rejimine dahil edildiğinde antidepresanların etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışmaya AR tedavisine dirençli ve immünoterapi seçeneğini kabul etmeyen toplam 49 hasta alındı. Kırk hastanın 38'ine antidepresan sertralin alması önerildi. Ancak yalnızca 21'i ilacı kullanmayı kabul ederken 17'si reddetti. Antidepresana başlamayı kabul eden 21 hastaya ayrıca günde tek doz desloratadin ve intranazal mometazon furoat alması önerildi (Grup 1). Antidepresan kullanmayı reddeden hastalara AR tedavisine başlaması önerildi (Grup 2). Tedaviden 6 hafta sonra hastaların tümünde yeniden AR için semptom skorlaması yapıldı. Bir psikiyatrist nezaretinde hastalara Psikolojik Semptom Kontrol Listesi-90 (The Psychological Symptom Checklist-90; SCL-90), Beck Depresyon Envanteri (Beck Depression Inventory; BDI) ve Anksiyete Durum Envanteri (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI TX I ve TX II) uygulandı. Bulgular: Grup 1'de tedavi sonrası nazal ve nazal olmayan semptom skorları yedi semptomun her biri için tedavi öncesi skorlardan anlamlı derecede daha iyiydi (p=0.000). AR semptom skorlarıyla ortalama SCL-90 genel semptom skoru, SCL-90 altölçek skorları, total BDI skorları ve STAI skorları arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon bulunmadı (p>0.05). Sonuç: AR popülasyonunda psikosomatik faktör büyük önem taşıdığından bu çalışma antidepresan kullanımının tedaviye dirençli AR'de alerjik semptomları azalttığını akla getirmektedir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this case control study is to establish the influence of iris color and retina pigment epithelium melanin on allergic rhinitis. Methods: Ninety-nine subjects diagnosed prospectively as allergic rhinitis and 85 control subjects were included in the study. Color of iris was recorded after ophthalmic examination. Electro-oculographic measurement was done after pupil dilatation and Arden ratios were recorded. Results: Mean age was 29.44±9.8 years in subject with allergic rhinitis and 32.67±12.9 years in control subjects (p>0.05). Measured mean Arden ratio was 158.22±29.4 in subjects with allergic rhinitis and 179.34±29.3 in normal subjects (p<0.05). In control group, Arden ratio was significantly higher in eyes with brown iris (p<0.05). In subjects with allergic rhinitis, Arden ratio was significantly lower in brown eyes (p<0.05). Conclusion: An association between allergic rhinitis and melanin content of iris and retina pigment epithelium was found. It can be speculated that pigment-producing system may play a role in the pathogenesis of the allergic rhinitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most frequent inflammatory skin disease in childhood. Atopic dermatitis, as the first manifestation of atopic march may continue as asthma and allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early prognosis of AD in children. Material and Methods: Children who were diagnosed with AD before three years old between March 2009 and January 2012, and were followed for at least 2 years in the Pediatric Allergy Department of our tertiary hospital were enrolled in this study. Persistence of AD symptoms and development of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis were explored. Results: One hundred and four patients (59 male, 45 female) were included in the study. Atopic dermatitis persisted in 14 (13.5%) patients. Fourteen patients (13.5%) developed allergic rhinitis and 16 (15.4%) patients developed asthma. Food allergy was found to be a risk factor for persistence of AD lesions (OR (5.1) CI (1.4-18.3) (p=0.011).The presence of parental asthma (OR (6.2) (1.4-27.6) p=0,015) and persistence of AD lesions (OR (7.2) (1.7-34.9) p=0.007) were found to be risk factors for the development of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: Persistence of atopic dermatitis and development of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis were significantly lower in our study group than in the literature. Long-term follow-up of patients with AD is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: An inverse association between markers of exposure to orofecal pathogens such as hepatitis A and allergic disease has been reported. However, the findings of studies have not been consistent. In this study we compared to the frequency of allergic symptoms and asthma in children with hepatitis A seropositive and seronegative. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in 499 children admitted to our Hospital and in whom we determined specific IgG in serum to hepatitis A virus (HAV). The demographical findings of the children were recorded. They were examined by using ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire. Results: The mean age of 449 children was 9.28±2.24 (1-16y) years. 47.7% of the children were female and 52.3% were male. Anti-HAV IgG serology was found positive in 261 children and negative in 238 children. The frequency of physician-diagnosed asthma that kept them awake at night ≤1 per week on average by this itchy rash were found to be high in children with hepatitis A seronegative. Attacks of wheezing in the last 12 months, speech-limiting wheeze and rhinoconjunctivitis in the last 12 months were high in children with hepatitis A seropositive. Conclusion: The frequency of physician-diagnosed asthma is higher in children with hepatitis A seronegative. Significant differences between the two groups in terms of allergic symptoms were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children aged 12-15 years who lived in the Trabzon Province, specify possible risk factors, and compare the data obtained with those of the other studies conducted in our country and in other countries. Methods: First, 1372 students from nine primary schools determined according to the recommendations of Department of Public Health and approval of The Provincial Directorate of Health were screened in their schools with questionnaire forms. Second, students providing the response "yes" to the first and/or second questions in the questionnaire forms were considered as possible allergic rhinitis patients and invited to our clinic. Then, 246 students were subjected to a skin prick test. Data were collected with the evaluation of questionnaire and skin prick test results together. Results: The prevalance of allergic rhinitis in children between 12 and 15 years age was found to be 14.5% in Trabzon. Female gender was found to be a relative a risk factor for allergic rhinitis (p=0.015). The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children whose both parents were smoking was significantly higher than that in children whose only one parent was smoking or both parents were nonsmokers (p=0.0024). In addition, living in an apartment flat (p=0.015) and owing pets (p=0.04) were detected to be other risk factors for allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: According to our investigations, this is the first prevalence study in Trabzon, which is the largest settlement in the Eastern Black Sea Region. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children was found to be 14.5%. Female gender, smoking habits of the parents, owing pets, and living in an apartment flat are risk factors for allergic rhinitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pediatric patients with nasal obstruction due to adenoid vegetation (AV) can also encounter allergic rhinitis (AR) as a comorbidity. The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of mite sensitization and its effect on adenoid size in children who underwent adenoidectomy. Methods: This prospective randomized study conducted between August and September 2014 included 84 children. Skin Prick Test (SPT) for inhalant allergens was preoperatively applied to all children who underwent adenoidectomy for nasal obstruction. Children were divided into two study groups: AV only (Group I) (n=52) and AV with Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus and/or D. farinae allergy (Group II) (n=32). Postoperative specimen volumes, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and adenoid volumes measured using flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy were compared between the two groups. Results: Postoperative specimen volume measures were higher in Group II compared with those in Group I (p<0.05). Furthermore, in preoperative endoscopic examination, adenoid volume measures were higher in Group II compared with those in Group I (p<0.05). Pre and postoperative VAS scores in SPT+ group were higher in the Group II (p<0.05) than those in Group I. Conclusion: We observed that children with AR tend to have an early onset of symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy. We believe that focusing on the management of role of allergy regarding these early symptoms will reduce the need for surgery in a large number of cases. We suggest that SPT must be performed in all children with AV and adenoid examination should not be neglected in children with AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]