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Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Ismāʿīlī Fāṭimids, who ruled in North Africa, Egypt and Syria between 909-1171, was the biggest political rivals of the Sunnī ʿAbbāsid caliphate. One of the main pillars of the power they established over the geography they dominate was undoubtedly their claim that they were members of the Ahl al-Bayt. Despite this, their thesis that their Imams were descendants of Hazrat Fatimah, which constituted the legitimacy of their imāmate, was not accepted by many historians of the period. The impact of lineage affiliation on shaping the mental world of society and legitimizing authority did not escape the attention of the opposing ʿAbbāsid regime, which claimed that there were fabrications and distortions in the Fāṭimids lineage. In this context, some controversies have arisen in the historical process as historians have also been influenced by their sectarian affiliations. This article deals with al-Maqrīzī's views on these debates. al-Maqrīzī, one of the most important writers in medieval Islamic historiography, and author of many works in different branches of history, also wrote a voluminous work that sheds light on this debate. Al-Maqrīzī, who was able to look at events from different perspectives other than the conventional Sunnī conception of history, analysed the history of Fāṭimids in Sunnī all its aspects in his work called Ittiʿāz al-Ḥunafā. Al-Maqrīzī's attempt to prove the authenticity of the progeny of the Fāṭimids, who were the "other" according to the dominant understanding of the period, in his work, in which he tried to reflect his understanding of objectivity, also caused him to be accused of Shiʿism. At this point, writing the history of the Fāṭimids in a different style during the Mamluk period, which was built on the existence of the ʿAbbāsid caliph, is a striking example to see different aspects of Mamluk historiography. This study was conducted in accordance with the research and publication ethics, focusing on the main works of al-Maqrīzī. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo estudia cómo historiadores árabes tan influyentes y renombrados como Ibn Ḫaldūn (m. 808/1406) y al-Maqrīzī (m. 845/1442) describen los reinados de los reyes cristianos de Iberia que fueron contemporáneos suyos, y, especialmente, cómo describen el reinado de Pedro I de Castilla (g. 1350-1366 y 1367-1369). El artículo ofrece un análisis en profundidad de los fragmentos dedicados a Pedro I, al que Ibn Ḫaldūn conoció personalmente, y muestra que su muerte a manos de su medio hermano Enrique II (g. 1366-1367 y 1369-1379) recibió gran atención en Kitāb al-ʿIbar de Ibn Ḫaldūn y Durar al-ʿuqūd al-farīda de al-Maqrīzī. Pone de relieve asimismo que la información sobre el reino de Castilla que proporcionan ambos autores, aunque alterada, guarda relación con fuentes castellanas contemporáneas, y que parte de esa información relativa a la dār al-ḥarb en el otro extremo del Mediterráneo llegó de alguna manera al Egipto mameluco, donde Ibn Ḫaldūn y al-Maqrīzī (y su coetáneo al-Qalqašandī a través de Ibn Ḫaldūn) la incorporaron a sus respectivas obras.

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Egypt faced successive periods of inflation during the first generation of the Fatimid caliphs. The crises that resulted in the accumulation of gold and its gradual elimination from commercial interactions were so serious that the Fatimid caliph “Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah” (the sixth Fatimid caliph and 16th Ismaili imam) was forced to adopt monetary reforms. The present study aimed to find out how did the economic reforms perpetuated by Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah reduce the consequences of the al-Mustansariyah crisis? The study was conducted according to a descriptive methodology by analyzing historical data, and it was shown that the most significant economic reforms of Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah included stabilizing the bimetallic system, establishing the “Divan-i Mufrad” and redistributing the cash flow as alms and state donations to return the hoarded gold (al-Kanz) to the cycle of economic transactions. The above reforms prevented the prevalence of less valuable currencies in the place of dirhams and dinars. Thus, they alleviated the effects of economic crises in Egypt in the long run particularly after the country cut ties with the Zirid Dynasty, the gold imports from Egypt were reduced, and the state treasuries were plundered during the al-Mustansiriyah crisis.

Copyright of Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Bahith Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Al-Maqrizi is considered a great scholar and a scholar of the historians of the Prophet's biography in the eighteenth and ninth centuries (the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries/fourteenth and fifteenth century AD) and the undisputed mayor of Arab historians. In his book The Dispute and Dispute between Bani Umayyah and Bani Hashem to present it to an official or judge, but he was constantly addressing the reader in the pages of his book. His book The Dispute and Dispute between Bani Umayya and Bani Hashem was written during his stay in Damascus, which was the capital of Umayyah and yours. Al-Maqrizi is affected by the environment in which he wrote He lives there and draws his scientific ideas accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt faced successive periods of inflation during the first generation of the Fatimid caliphs. The crises that resulted in the accumulation of gold and its gradual elimination from commercial interactions were so serious that the Fatimid caliph “Al-Hakim biAmr Allah” (the sixth Fatimid caliph and 16th Ismaili imam) was forced to adopt monetary reforms. The present study aimed to find out how did the economic reforms perpetuated by Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah reduce the consequences of the al-Mustansariyah crisis? The study was conducted according to a descriptive methodology by analyzing historical data, and it was shown that the most significant economic reforms of Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah included stabilizing the bimetallic system, establishing the “Divan-i Mufrad” and redistributing the cash flow as alms and state donations to return the hoarded gold (al-Kanz) to the cycle of economic transactions. The above reforms prevented the prevalence of less valuable currencies in the place of dirhams and dinars. Thus, they alleviated the effects of economic crises in Egypt in the long run particularly after the country cut ties with the Zirid Dynasty, the gold imports from Egypt were reduced, and the state treasuries were plundered during the alMustansiriyah crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the judicial system is one of the important studies since the judiciary is one of the pillars of establishing religion and justice among people. The concept of judicial integrity in Islamic law is an ethical value that brings with it several qualities, such as integrity, honesty, chastity. On the other hand, it manifests itself in avoiding evils and suspicions. In the field of judicial work, integrity is considered more than a virtue, it is a necessity and a prerequisite for taking up the job, so the judge must make sure that his behavior on the personal and professional levels is above the level of suspicion, in mind that the personal behavior of the judge affects the image of the entire judicial system in the eyes of the people. In other words, it can be said that integrity supports the litigants ’confidence in the impartiality and objectivity of their judge. The research with the critical method of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi in highlighting and demonstrating the integrity of judges era dominated by administrative, political judicial corruption. The research was divided into three axes. The first axis came in describing the state of the judicial institution in the Mamluk era to give a clear picture of the deterioration of the institution. Political interference during that period. As for the second axis, it is the main aspect of the research, where it dealt with a commitment to justice and preventing interference in the judiciary, and the third axis came about commitment to values and ethics, as it is considered a rare phenomenon in that era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the crisis and inflation events in certain periods of the Mamlūks were examined considering the works of the two Mamlūk bureaucrats and authors of the 15th century, al-Maqrīzī and al-Asadī, focused on economic issues. In this context, al-Maqrīzī's Ighathah al-Umma and al-Asadī's al-Taysīr ve'l-I'tibār, are distinguished sources that examine the famine and consequently crises in Egypt and its environs from ancient times until the era of the Mamlūks. These works define the reasons for the crises and make some conclusive suggestions. To determine the inflation periods within the process, some numerical data obtained from the main sources were supported with graphics. Drought-based famine events, problems faced by the society during the economic crises, food prices in markets, inflation, circulating money and monetary reforms and recommendations for eliminating inflation are some of the topics covered in these two studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, I analyze a short segment of al-Maqrīzī's account of Jews and Judaism in his al-Ḫiṭaṭ , focusing on the technique that al-Maqrīzī used in compiling it by comparing his account with sources on which he drew (sometimes verbatim). It is found that al-Maqrīzī copied from K. al-Taʾrīḫ , a seven-chapter chronicle in Judaeo-Arabic, and then inserted complementary material from Ibn Ḫaldūn's K. al-ʿIbar and al-Ǧāḥiẓ's K. al-Bayān wa-l-tabyīn , and may also have intertwined material from Biblical sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kitāb aḫbār al-Nūba, written in the last quarter of the tenth century, and the History of churches and monasteries of Egypt (= HEME) composed in the late twelfth–early thirteenth century by Abū al-Makārim (and others), have long been recognised as the best-informed Arabic sources concerning Medieval Nubia. However, the textual relations between the two works have not attracted much attention in modern scholarship, despite the intriguing presence in both texts of seemingly similar descriptions. The aim of the present article is to investigate the nature of the link connecting the two accounts through a close comparison of the four passages that appear to be textually related.

This paper focuses on the image the Fāṭimids propagated and disseminated about themselves as is depicted in literary and documentary sources. The narrative the Fāṭimids constructed about their right to rule and the characteristics of their rule are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his Kitāb al-Mawāʿiẓ wa'l-Iʿtibār fī Ḏikr al-Ḫiṭaṭ wa'l-Āṯār, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Maqrīzī (1364-1442 CE) includes several chapters that draw on post-Biblical Jewish texts, inter alia. The academic literature has very little to say about the presentation that al-Maqrīzī thus creates. To correct this lacuna, this article illuminates al-Maqrīzī's exposure to and use of Rabbinic and Midrashic sources by offering examples of remarks in his writings that appear to have come from such sources-directly, through the mediation of Muslim scholarship, or in an in-between manner. Several conjectures about the origins of his knowledge are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dhimmī (non-Muslim subjects, mostly Christians and Jews, who were afforded protection by the Islamic state) persecution in Islamic Egypt included most notably that instigated by the Fatimid caliph al-Ḥākim from about 395/1004 until near the end of his reign in 411/1021. This ruler imposed burdensome restrictions and sumptuary regulations on Jews and Christians, causing significant numbers of them to adopt Islam. He also commenced the state-sponsored destruction of churches and synagogues, most famously the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. And yet, near the end, this same caliph relented, mitigating the severity of his previous policies. A general picture of what happened already exists, but the precise chronological order of these events and many of the exact details remain vague. Most importantly, we continue not to have a reason for his radically new policy. Al-Maqrīzī's various accounts provide useful evidence although they hardly suffice. The Jewish reaction is far from clear. Two Christian histories, those by the Melkite YaḤyā ibn Saīd of Antioch and the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, confirm many particulars. However none of this information explains why. Was al-ākim moved to act as he did in response to, or in imitation of, the strikingly similar set of restrictive regulations imposed long before under the so-called "Pact of. Umar"?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durar al-ʿuqūd al-farīda fi tarāgim aʿyān al-mufīda is an Arabic biographical dictionary by a famous historian of the Mamluk Sultanate, al-Maqrīzī, of his contemporaries. This recently published work contains a long biography of Tīmūr, or Tamerlane, the founder of the Timurid dynasty. In discussing the biography, this article presents some interesting and original details: first, it reviews the editions of Durar al-ʿuqūd that have been published to date; secondly, it gives an outline of Tīmūr's biography; after that, it scrutinizes al-Maqrīzī's sources for Tīmūr's life and then the relations between his and other Arabic biographies of Tīmūr; lastly, it considers the value of the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médiévales is the property of Presses Universitaires de Vincennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Manuscripts is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The article describes the recent discovery by Noah Gardiner of the holograph fair copy of the third volume of al-Maqrīzī's Khitat ('description of Egypt') in the Library of Michigan University (Michigan Islamic MS 605). It is the only known Maqrīzī holograph in the Americas. The manuscript was copied well after 818 A.H. (1415) and was finished shortly after 831 A.H. (1427), when the author may have written his last additions in it. A full codicological description of the manuscript is given. The place of the manuscript in the Maqrizian corpus is determined. Its provenance is traced to one of the collections of Abraham Shalom Yahuda (d. 1951). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major acquisitions in the last decades of Leiden University Library is a large fragment (more than five hundred leaves) of the autograph copy of what is commonly called Kitāb al-Muqaffā, the biographical dictionary by the Egyptian historian Amad b. Alī al-Maqrīzī (d. 845/1442). The material entered the Leiden library in a fearful state, and the two authors, who are paper conservators in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, have brought this manuscript back into a condition which makes it possible that it is consulted by scholarly readers. They discuss their options and their choices during the conservation process, and they describe how they brought the manuscript in a better state. They add a full conspectus of the physical composition of the manuscript as it was. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]