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Cotton is the most widely used natural cellulosic polymer and polyester is a synthetic polymer. The use of polyester fiber is increasing gradually day by day due to its strength and longevity, while the use of cotton fiber is decreasing due to its unavailability. At present, the use of cotton‐polyester composites is ubiquitous. This research work aims to assess the physical, mechanical and comfort properties of the woven fabric using cotton‐polyester composite yarns in a weft direction and coarser yarn count because of the use of these fabrics in the future for the denim manufacturing process. Four different samples were fabricated by using 100% cotton (10 Ne) yarn in the warp direction and 100% cotton, cotton‐polyester composite, and 100% polyester yarn in the weft direction of the fabric. Similar fabric and machine parameters were maintained for manufacturing all the samples. The samples were then tested for areal density, tensile strength, thickness, abrasion resistance and pilling, drape, flexural rigidity, and air permeability to find the optimum capability of the fabric. Physico‐mechanical properties with the proportion of increasing polyester components in fabrics improves areal density (184 to 199 g/m2), strength (almost 19 times in weft direction), drape (0.655% to 0.789%), and flexural rigidity (almost double). On the other hand, increasing comfortability properties with the proportion of cotton components in fabrics improve air permeability (139.85 to 159.58 cc/s/cm2), abrasion (only 3.036% mass loss), and pilling resistance (grading 4 after 2000 cycles). Highlights: Composite yarns made of cotton and polyester provide a method of improving fabric properties for better performance.Higher proportions of cotton make clothes more breathable and less likely to pill and wear out.Polyester parts make fabrics stronger, more durable, and less likely to wear out.Cotton‐polyester composites are ideal and have potential for various textile applications.Blending natural and synthetic fibers composite allows for customized fabrics that meet specific performance needs without compromising comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims at examining the effect of structural and process variables on thermal comfort properties of the compression garments produced with single-jersey weft knitted construction. The considered variables are elastane yarn count, elastane yarn tension during yarn positive feeding, reduction factor and fabric structure. To this end, 18 samples are manufactured according to Taguchi orthogonal array on a circular knitting machine. Heat transfer per cent, moisture transfer in the liquid phase and air permeability of the knitted fabrics have been measured and reported. The compression garments are sewn in cylindrical shape and the pressure applied on a cylinder is also measured by Kikuhime pressure sensor. The results demonstrate that the samples containing knit and miss stitches apply the highest amount of pressure and the sample having more tuck stitches represents the lowest pressure. Also, increasing the linear density of the elastic yarn and using a higher reduction factor provide a higher pressure. The results indicate that fabrics exerting greater pressure on the body have a tighter structure when stretched. Therefore, they show less air permeability, heat and moisture transfer. Also, for a certain fabric structure, an increase in reduction factor leads to open structure and creating more pressure. Consequently, air permeability and the heat and moisture transfer are increased. Samples which apply less pressure, are more permeable and transfer greater amount of heat, and moisture through their structure due to creation of an open structure in extended state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As porous materials, textiles have been widely used in noise reduction and control engineering due to the advantages of lightweight and easy processing. In this work, the effects of structural factors and physical properties of woven jute fabrics on sound absorption were investigated. Woven jute fabrics with different warp and weft density, thickness, areal weight, and bulk density are employed for acoustical impedance tube measurement, and the warp and weft flexural rigidity, and air permeability of woven jute fabric were measured. The relationship between structural characteristics and sound absorption properties was studied, which has provided good reference for the design of fabric texture. Furthermore, multilayered structure was also constructed by facile plying-up method, followed by the evaluation on the effects of various layering configuration, and then for improved sound absorption. This investigation has mainly focused on woven factors and physical properties, which is benefit to the fabrication of woven jute fabrics with optimal structural details for enhanced sound absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Cotton is the most widely used natural cellulosic polymer and polyester is a synthetic polymer. The use of polyester fiber is increasing gradually day by day due to its strength and longevity, while the use of cotton fiber is decreasing due to its unavailability. At present, the use of cotton‐polyester composites is ubiquitous. This research work aims to assess the physical, mechanical and comfort properties of the woven fabric using cotton‐polyester composite yarns in a weft direction and coarser yarn count because of the use of these fabrics in the future for the denim manufacturing process. Four different samples were fabricated by using 100% cotton (10 Ne) yarn in the warp direction and 100% cotton, cotton‐polyester composite, and 100% polyester yarn in the weft direction of the fabric. Similar fabric and machine parameters were maintained for manufacturing all the samples. The samples were then tested for areal density, tensile strength, thickness, abrasion resistance and pilling, drape, flexural rigidity, and air permeability to find the optimum capability of the fabric. Physico‐mechanical properties with the proportion of increasing polyester components in fabrics improves areal density (184 to 199 g/m2), strength (almost 19 times in weft direction), drape (0.655% to 0.789%), and flexural rigidity (almost double). On the other hand, increasing comfortability properties with the proportion of cotton components in fabrics improve air permeability (139.85 to 159.58 cc/s/cm2), abrasion (only 3.036% mass loss), and pilling resistance (grading 4 after 2000 cycles). Highlights Composite yarns made of cotton and polyester provide a method of improving fabric properties for better performance. Higher proportions of cotton make clothes more breathable and less likely to pill and wear out. Polyester parts make fabrics stronger, more durable, and less likely to wear out. Cotton‐polyester composites are ideal and have potential for various textile applications. Blending natural and synthetic fibers composite allows for customized fabrics that meet specific performance needs without compromising comfort.

Factors influencing the comfort and performance of knitted fabrics can be investigated to enhance the understanding and development of functional accessories. Issues related to the thermal regulation and moisture management of these materials are systematically explored in this research. Additionally, the effects of fibre type, yarn properties, fabric variables, and finishing methods are examined through the evaluation of physical properties relevant to the comfort of rib knit structures, particularly in sportswear design. 1x1 Rib knit 1structures were created using polyester spun, cotton spun, polyester filament, and viscose filament yarns with varying linear densities employing a KH-323N computerized flatbed knitting machine. Evaluations of physical properties, thermal characteristics, air permeability, antibacterial efficiency, and hydrophilic finish were conducted following ASTM standards and specific testing methods to thoroughly assess the quality and performance of the fabric. Significant insights into the physical and comfort properties of the fabrics were provided by the results. Varying thermal and air permeability characteristics were demonstrated by polyester-cotton and viscose-cotton fabrics. Thermal resistance and conductivity are influenced by filament denier, loop length, and knit structure, while these same factors affect air permeability. Air permeability is also impacted by finishing treatments, thereby highlighting the complex interplay between fabric properties and comfort. Advanced finishing techniques and novel fibre blends could be explored in future research to further optimize fabric comfort properties.

The article presents the results of research on the impact of the use of an original, innovative method of deposition of Parylene C on the functional properties of fabrics with various potential applications (e.g., thermal and chemical protective clothing, packaging, covers and others). Verification of the effects of the method used was based on interdisciplinary research taking into account the impact of coating fabrics on changes in their structure (micro-CT), surface properties (contact angle), barrier properties (water and chemical liquid wetting), electrostatic properties (charge decay), biophysical properties describing heat and mass transfer (by the Alambeta system and thermal imaging) and flammable properties. Four fabrics made of synthetic organic fibres (meta-aramid, para-aramid) and natural inorganic fibres (basalt) were selected for testing. Given the complex structure of textile substrates, the results confirmed that the two assumed thicknesses of the Parylene C coating were consistent with the actual measurements. The findings indicated that the coatings significantly reduced water and acid absorption in the fabrics compared to unmodified ones. Thermal insulation property tests revealed that coated fabrics exhibited higher thermal conductivity than unmodified fabrics. Additionally, the presence of Parylene C on aramid fabrics resulted in a modest increase in their ignition resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme low-temperature environments have been one of the important issues that need to be solved for outdoor travel as well as indoor activities. The development of smart heated clothing is receiving more and more attention. Previously reported graphene heating mostly uses thin films, so poor breathability, poor flexibility, and low electrical and thermal conversion rates become a challenge. Herein, a facile dip-drying process was employed to prepare composite graphene and CNT-based heated fabrics and provide an intelligent system with the function of sensing environmental temperature. After detecting the temperature data collected by the sensors, the system calculates a suitable temperature through algorithms in the main control chip. The control system automatically adjusts the temperature of the heated fabric to achieve adaptive temperature adaptation or autonomous adjustment. These composite graphene and CNT-based heated fabrics not only retain the inherent flexibility, comfort, washability, and breathability of textile substrates but also exhibit fast heating capabilities. It can rapidly increase the temperature to around 70 °C within 30 s at a voltage of 5 V, ensuring uniform heating. This intelligent composite graphene and CNT-based temperature control system provides a novel and cost-effective approach for achieving flexible, breathable, and stable temperature control in smart clothing, further promoting the development of thermoregulating textiles. It can be widely applied in various fields such as personal heating, physical therapy, wearable flexible electronic products, and more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In foam coating, the main factors are the foam density of the coating material and the compatibility among foam structure, the coating material and the fabric surface. In this study, the results of breaking force and elongation, tear strength and light transmittance were compared according to the fabric structure, coating recipes, foam density and the foam coating layer viscosity statistically. And also, air permeability, aged under artificial light and weathering tests were evaluated. The high yarn density of warp threads per unit length in polyester woven fabric leads to an increase in tensile strength. The best results in tensile strength and elongation at break experiments were acquired at coating recipe 4. As a result, the minimum light transmittance value was 1.04 and the maximum light transmittance value was 1.12 by using coating recipe 4, respectively. Air permeability values of PU foam coated fabrics were in the range of 0-2 mm/s, whereas air permeability value of untreated polyester fabric was measured as 17.36 l/m2/s. Maximum air permeability was obtained in coating recipe 4. The higher air permeability values also gave better barrier to air penetration. The air permeability of coated fabrics were very low due to pore size. The coating material covered the pores of the untreated fabric and restricted air permeability. The color fastness to artificial light of the PU foam coated fabric samples were very good. The fading degree of PU foam coated curtain fabrics was 6. The weathering exposure time of the blue wool scale fabric and PU foam coated fabric samples corresponded to 100 hours. The color fastness to artificial weathering of PU foam coated fabrics in the three coating layers were obtained above 6. Consequently, the low filler content, soft binder ratio and foam density had a positive effect on the mechanical, air permeability, color fastness to artificial light, color fastness to artificial weathering and light transmittance properties of foam coated fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Loess, featured by its low permeability and cost-effectiveness, has become an increasingly popular material for landfill cover systems. However, the occurrence of cracks in loess caused by rainfall and evaporation poses challenges to the performance and durability of these cover systems. This study aims to comprehensively investigate variations in air permeability of compacted loess under normal and dry-wet cycle conditions. The conventional triaxial instrument was modified to meet the requirements of the air permeability test of loess. The influence of factors such as permeability pathway, water infiltration time, dry density, and water content as well as dry-wet cycles on the air permeability was thoroughly explored. And the applicability of established models in describing loess air permeability was assessed. The results confirmed that the airflow in compacted loess followed Darcy’s law, and there was a clear correlation between air permeability and these influencing factors. Loess samples with a diameter of 38 mm and a height of 76 mm were found to be more suitable for air permeability testing. Cracking in loess significantly increases air permeability, with longitudinal cracking having a greater effect than transverse cracking. Lower-density samples exhibit more pronounced cracking than higher-density samples. Both initial water content and humidification water content were identified as influential factors during dry-wet cycling and have a substantial impact on the variation of air permeability. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the air permeability characteristics of compacted loess in landfill cover systems, enabling improved design and performance evaluation for sustainable waste management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fibers are becoming a valid alternative to most commercially used synthetic fibers in sound absorbing materials. In recent years, natural fibers have been considered as valid raw materials for producing ecofriendly sound absorbing materials at low cost. This paper presents a new study on enset nanofiber sound absorbing material which was prepared by enzyme treatment and mechanical hammering of the surface of enset woven fabric. Enset nano fiber (ENF) was fabricated by defibrillation of underutilized abundant byproduct fibers from the surface of enset woven fabrics into micro and nano-scale fibers by alpha-amylase enzyme treatment and then mechanical hammering. The purpose of this approach is that the product will be economic and environmentally friendly and also consumption of eco-friendly products is a serious concern of researchers and policymakers. The study was conducted by using impedance tube method and the sound absorption properties of enset micro and nanofibers in a frequency range of 1000 to 6000 Hz were studied by changing the diameter, thickness and percentage of enzyme concentration during fiber treatments. Parameters for enset nanofibers were: number of board layers (single, double, triple and fourth-layer having sample thickness of 10–13 mm), fine fiber size (micro and nano meter), and fine fiber treatments content (10, 15 and 20% w/v), pressing time (10 min), board density (0.95 g/cm3), press pressure (40 kg/m2) and press temperature (180 °C) were held constant. The experimental results revealed that at the same frequency (4500 Hz), the sound absorption coefficient value was improved by 176 and 213% when neat enset fabric was treated and hammered with 10 and 20 w/v % concentration of amylase enzymatic respectively. The maximum sound absorption of neat enset fabric and enset nanofibers was recorded as 0.47 and 0.99 around 5351 Hz respectively. These results indicate that the acoustic property of enset fiber was improved by 47% when neat enset fiber was converted into green enset nanofiber forms by enzyme treatment and mechanical hammering. The experimental results shown that green synthesis of fine fibers from the surface of woven fabric improved the maximum acoustic peak values by 43% (microscale) and 59% (nanofiber) compared with macroscale enset fibers. These simple and cost effective green cellulosic enset nanofiber formations would have a promising result for small scale acoustic enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solvent-borne polyurethane (PU) is the main product in PU synthetic leather, which has soft handling, breathability, and moisture permeability properties by wet type. The PU film would produce the irregular foam cell by solvent exchanging water. This traditional process would use a lot of dimethylformamide, and it causes much pollution of the environment. Therefore, the water-borne polyurethane system is essential in the textile industry. This study adopted the patented prepolymer process for solvent-free water-borne polyurethane (SFWPU); the foam was formed by a blowing agent and then, coated on the polyester textile with SFWPU foam by coating machine. This research focuses on the polyol composition equivalent ratio of poly(1,4-butylene adipate) glycol (PBA) and poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol from 30:70, 20:80, 10:90, and 0:100. The crystallinity increased on the foam properties with increasing the PBA composition, affecting the foam and tensile properties. Moreover, this research finds that higher crystallinity polyol of PBA contents increased, modulus of SFWPU is increased, and tensile strength is decreased. The scanning electron microscope finds the foam cell would expand by increasing PBA contents, which affects the textile's air permeability and water vapor transmission. The 10% PBA equivalent of ester–ether type SFWPU foam coated on textile, which has windproof and keeps the moisture permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The air permeability of a textile fabric belongs to the parameters which characterize its potential applications as garments, filters, airbags, etc. Calculating the air permeability is complicated due to its dependence on many other fabric parameters, such as porosity, thickness, weaving parameters and others, which is why the air permeability is usually measured. Standardized measurement instruments according to EN ISO 9237, however, are expensive and complex, prohibiting small companies or many universities from using them. This is why a simpler and inexpensive test instrument was suggested in a previous paper. Here, we show correlations between the results of the standardized and the custom-made instrument and verify this correlation using fluid dynamics calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comfort is the prime need in clothing. It is affected by the properties of fibers, yarns, and fabrics. A good understanding of these factors is essential in the design and conception of functional clothes. Fabric design serves as a manufacturing tool to meet several end-use requirements. The construction specifications and design of knitted fabrics greatly influence the comfort level of the end-use garment. This study aims to investigate the effect of the knitting stitch type and the dyeing process on the clothing comfort of knitted fabrics. For this purpose, five structures were prepared by combining plain, float and tuck stitches: plain jersey, cross miss 1 × 1, single cross tuck, weft lock knit and Lacoste. Then, yellow, and black dyeing were applied. The investigated wear comfort properties were the drying time, the air permeability and the relative water vapor permeability. Tests were conducted on the finished and on domestically washed fabrics. The data obtained were statistically evaluated with Pearson correlation, paired t -test, analysis of variance analysis and the Tukey test. The results showed that tucked fabrics have the longest drying time combined with the lowest air and water vapor permeability. Black variants showed better drying behavior and higher water vapor permeability. Analysis of variance results showed that the structure has a significant effect on clothing comfort. However, the dyeing process exerts a significant influence only on the drying time and the relative water vapor permeability. The paired t -test results indicate that the domestic washing cycles significantly change the drying time and the air permeability of knitted fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric field plays a pivotal role in electrospinning to produce the desired micro and nanofibers, hence, a tricipital‐needle spinneret was developed to improve electric field distribution and productivity in this work. The effects of electric field distribution induced by spinneret configuration on jet motion, fiber morphology, and properties of electrospun TPU fibrous membrane at different applied voltages were investigated by simulation and experiment. The simulation results show that the designed tricipital‐needle spinneret weakens the electric field near the needle tip and strengthens the electric field in the whipping region in comparison to the single‐needle spinneret, exhibiting a relatively uniform electric field distribution. The experimental results demonstrate that the fiber diameter prepared by the tricipital‐needle spinneret at the corresponding voltage is smaller than that of the single‐needle spinneret due to the improved electric field distribution. Moreover, the fibrous membrane prepared by the tricipital‐needle spinneret shows excellent tensile properties (7 MPa tensile stress and 401% breaking elongation), air permeability (85.32 mm s−1) and water vapor permeability (6.7 kg m−2 d−1). Therefore, the electrospinning system with the tricipital‐needle spinneret not only increases the fiber productivity, but also improves the electric field distribution and endows the fibrous membrane with better properties, which can widen the applications of electrospun TPU fibrous membrane and also provides a new approach for the performance design of other electrospun fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the correlation between the mesh structure design, fabric pore characteristics and the permeability and moisture permeability of the warp-knitted jacquard shoe upper materials, six shoe material samples with different structures were prepared according to the specific design diagram of the fabric. The pore characteristics of the fabric were described from the surface porosity, volume density and average pore diameter, and the influence on the permeability and moisture permeability of the shoe material was compared and analyzed. The results show that the increase of the proportion of thick tissue in the design will reduce the surface porosity of the fabric and increase the volume density, which will reduce the permeability and moisture permeability of the shoe material. The increase of the proportion of mesh structure will increase the surface porosity and decrease the bulk density of the fabric, thus enhancing its air permeability and moisture permeability. The permeability and moisture permeability of shoes with mesh structure design is significantly better than that without mesh structure design under the same fabric thickness, but the permeability and moisture permeability of shoes with larger average pore size under the same mesh proportion design is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic textiles (E-textiles) have experienced an increase in interest in recent years leading to a variety of new concepts emerging in the field. Despite these technical innovations, there is limited literature relating to the testing of E-textiles for some of the fundamental properties linked to wearer comfort. As such, this research investigates four fundamental properties of E-textiles: air permeability, drape, heat transfer, and moisture transfer. Three different types of E-textiles were explored: an embroidered electrode, a knitted electrode, and a knitted structure with an embedded electronic yarn. All of the E-textiles utilized the same base knitted fabric structure to facilitate a comparative study. The study used established textile testing practices to evaluate the E-textiles to ascertain the suitability of these standards for these materials. The study provides a useful point of reference to those working in the field and highlights some limitations of existing textile testing methodologies when applied to E-textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncomfortable feelings during wear highly affect human health, work efficiency, and mental satisfaction. This study evaluated the thermal comfort of woven fabrics made from 16Ne ring and rotor spun weft yarns(x1). The other variables involved are warp tensions (x2) of 1 kilo newton (KN) and 2 kN, weft tensions (x3) of PFT/B- and PFT/B+T, and weft densities (x4) of 14 picks per centimeter (PPC) and 18 PPC. Comfort properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal insulation, and air permeability were measured and analyzed. The fabric produced from rotor-spun weft yarn showed better thermal comfort properties than the fabric made from ring-spun weft yarn. The results of the analysis revealed that when warp and weft yarn tension increased and weft density decreased, thermal conductivity and air permeability also increased. However, thermal insulation of the fabric decreased as yarn tension increased. On the other hand, as the weft density increased, the thermal insulation of the fabric increased. Air permeability increased as weft tension increased from PFT/B- to PFT/B+T and it decreased as weft density increased from 14 PPC to 18PPC. The maximum thermal conductivity and minimum thermal resistance were attained at 14 PPC weft density and ring-spun weft yarn.

Workwear clothing is one of the essential personal protective equipment for workers and plays a crucial role in preventing the entry of environmental heat into the body and facilitating thermal exchanges between the human body and the environment. Improving the coating of workwear fabrics while maintaining air permeability is considered an engineering control measure to protect workers in environments with thermal stress. This study aimed to optimize the coating of workwear fabrics with TiO2 nanoparticles to enhance thermal insulation properties and air permeability using the response surface methodology (RSM) and MATLAB. The input variables were the titanium isopropoxide volume and reaction time in the ultrasonic, while the output variables were the coating percent, air permeability, and thermal conductivity coefficients. The morphology of TiO2 nanoparticle and coated fabric (FE-SEM, EDS, FTIR, FTIR-ATR, DLS, and XRD), The intrinsic properties of fabrics (Yarn Count, Abrasion Resistance, Tensile, Tearing Strength), the Water Vapor permeability, Surface wetting resistance, and Durability test were evaluated according to the standard methods. No significant differences were observed in the intrinsic properties between the coated and uncoated fabrics. Increasing the coating percent of fabrics with TiO2 nanoparticles was accompanied with a decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient and an increase in air permeability. The positive effect of nanoparticle coating is a significant step towards introducing a new generation of smart textiles with the potential to improve thermal insulation properties while maintaining air permeability. This advancement aims to preserve and enhance the health and safety of workers exposed to thermal stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of controlling the porosity and, as a result, the permeability of fibrous non-woven fabrics was studied. Modification of experimental samples was performed on equipment with adjustable heating and compression. It was found that the modification regimes affected the formation of the porous structure. We found that there was a relationship between the permeability coefficient and the porosity coefficient of the materials when the modification speed and temperature were varied. A model is proposed for predicting the permeability for modified material with a given porosity. As the result, a new hybrid composite material with reversible dynamic color characteristics that changed under the influence of ultraviolet and/or thermal exposure was produced. The developed technology consists of: manufacture of the non-woven needle-punched fabrics, surface structuring, material extrusion, additive manufacturing (FFF technology) and the stencil technique of ink-layer adding. In our investigation, we (a) obtained fibrous polymer materials with a porosity gradient in thickness, (b) determined the dependence of the material's porosity coefficient on the speed and temperature of the modification and (c) developed a model for calculating the porosity coefficient of the materials with specified technological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the quality of fiber-reinforced composite laminates using out-of-autoclave techniques has been a challenge for a long time. The recent trends toward the replacement of autoclave processes with out-of-autoclave processes for thermoplastic composites still lack a compressive recipe. This study first develops an understanding of the integrated effect of the automated fiber placement (AFP) lay-up process parameters (compaction force and lay-up velocity) and the type of post-processing: i) autoclave and ii) vacuum bag only (VBO) processing with two vacuum hold times, 2 and 24 h. The void content results highlight the potential of the VBO process to replace the autoclave with an improved void content of VBO with 24 vacuum hold times. Then, this result has been correlated with the morphology of voids after the AFP lay-up as isolated or connected via air permeability characterization. This study reveals that the high air permeability to effective porosity ratio of samples after AFP lay-up which is achievable with low compaction force facilitates the air removal mechanism during the VBO process with sufficient vacuum hold times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal balance is paramount to human comfort and safety. To better understand the effects of the material and environment, a modified sweating-hot-plate test was used to incorporate environmental parameters such as the ventilation and microclimate thickness. It was found that at wind speeds ≤ 0.5 m/s, the environment has the most significant effect on the insulation. However, at an increased wind speed (1.3 m/s), the construction of the material has a large influence on the insulation of the system. At a low metabolic rate, the heat storage can be compensated for through dry heat loss; but, at a higher metabolic rate, substantial differences in the sweating rates are required based on the material and environment. The various aspects of the environment wind speed, microclimate thickness, and ventilation are crucial, but, in certain combinations, the material can have a significant impact as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the tightness of buildings using self-adhesive tapes is one of the cost-effective, efficient, and reliable solutions. There is a lack of research, standards, and methodologies for construction adhesive tape, especially for assessing the functional properties of the tape after ageing. The aim of this work is to evaluate the tightness of different building surfaces and adhesive tape systems by conducting artificial ageing. It was found that adhesive tapes with an acrylic adhesive base ensured a fully sealed system. In all cases, tapes applied to surfaces such as plywood, gypsum plasterboard, cement-bonded particle board, plastered cement-bonded particle board, and plastic board provided sufficient sealing. The air permeability of the tapes on the OSB was two to seven times higher than that of the defined sealed system with other surfaces. In most cases, air permeability increased on OSB, gypsum plasterboard, and plastered cement-bonded particle board after ageing. The least problematic surface is the plastic board. In all tested cases, adequate sealing was observed after ageing, with only three of all tested tapes not providing sufficient bonding strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for hygienic nonwovens has increased, especially since 2020. As expected, the market for nonwovens showed an increase during the COVID-19 outbreak, especially in the medical and hygienic nonwovens sector. The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of the permeability properties of hygienic nonwovens that have been mechanically, chemically, and thermally bonded. Hygienic nonwovens are lightweight (from 20 to 120 g/m2), produced by carding (roller carding), and are bonded using three different bonding processes (mechanical, thermal, and chemical). Hygienic nonwovens are intended for protective clothing in hospitals. For the experimental part, the seven different nonwovens used for hygienic purposes were produced using the dry laying process. The samples were produced in Tosama, a factory for sanitary supplies. The research results show that the nonwoven bonding processes have a significant influence on the structural, mechanical, and permeability properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow of moisture through textile surfaces is a complex phenomenon as many factors influenceits transmission. The objective of this research work is to determine the effect of yarn and binding on their ability to prevent or promote moisture transmission within knitted structures. For this, we have developed a series of structures from cotton yarn and five types of polyester with different counts. The study of moisture transmission for the samples we have developed requires various tests to make a comprehensive study including air permeability, porosity, absorption rate, drying time, Fabric-vertical wicking, and moisture absorption. The results found by the absorption rate test showed that the pique jacquard absorbs better than the double face-one facejacquard. Based on the results of moisture management, air permeability and porosity, an optimum knitted structure is developed that corresponds to the good moisture transmission and the air permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impregnation of nano‐metal oxides can provide functional properties to textiles, like UV protection and self‐cleaning properties. These properties are quite important as they can provide protection against UV damage, help to reduce cleaning efforts, improve the ease of maintenance, and help to protect the water resources. The usage of nanoparticles improves multifunctional effects due to their high surface area. Therefore, in this study, nano‐sized TiO2 and ZnO were applied to cotton fabrics as single type or hybrids with different concentrations to reveal their effects on multifunctional properties (UV‐protection, self‐cleaning, wettability, photocatalytic activity). Also, the weight and air permeability of samples were determined to evaluate their usability. Scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were also utilized to analyze the samples. According to the results, some samples exhibited good–very good UV protection. Up to 78.5% photocatalytic degradation of organic dye was achieved by nano‐TiO2 application. According to self‐cleaning test results, nano‐TiO2 applied samples showed yellowing after UV irradiation. Hybrid‐coated samples were more advantageous regarding self‐cleaning, especially against cherry juice stains. The staining and wettability results of the samples were in accordance. Weight and air permeability changes were acceptable to maintain the usage of the samples for clothing and other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) samples with five different infill patterns (trihexagone, grid, gyroid, line and triangle) were covered with electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibres to investigate their air permeability properties. SEM results showed that PAN electrospun nanofibres were beadless and ordered nanofibres with an average diameter of 260.89 ± 32 nm. The tensile properties and air permeability of the PAN nanofibre-coated 3D-printed PLA samples were investigated. The results showed PAN nanofibre-coated 3D-printed PLA sample with gyroid infill pattern was favoured in terms of mechanical properties among five different infill patterns with its high tensile strain and Young’s modulus values, 4.18% and 977 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, while the air permeability properties of resulting PAN nanofibre-coated PLA materials were analysed, the lowest air permeability which means high particle capturing capability was obtained for line and gyroid with the air permeability values of 42 and 51 l m–2 s–1. While the mechanical properties and air permeability properties are evaluated together; gyroid with its excellent mechanical properties and low air permeability was favoured among the five different infill patterns. The production of this hybrid material could provide a new approach to the design and development of air filter materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Designing and engineering clothing for an intended end use necessitates careful selection of fibre, yarn and fabric constructional parameters. Ideal clothing comfort can be achieved by designing clothing, considering high thermal resistance for protection from cold, low resistance to water vapour transfer in mild thermal stress conditions and rapid transfer of vapour and liquid moisture under high thermal stress conditions and rapid transfer of vapour and liquid moisture under hugh thermal stress conditions. Several studies have been reported on the influence of various fibre, yarn and fabric constructional variables on comfort properties of woven and knitted fabrics and the findings show that the fibre, yarn and fabric variables strongly influence the thermo-physiological properties of fabrics and determine the suitability for their particular end use. Several yarn variables, like yarn twist, yarn count, yarn spinning system and yarn types, have been reported to affect the properties of textiles. Change in any of these parameters ultimately changes the yarn structure, which, in turn, depends on the fibre geometry. Distriution of fibres in yarn dictates thermal as well as moistre transfer properties of fabrics. Fabric structure, thickness, cover factor, aerial desnity, bulk density, fabric porosity and finishing treatments affect the thermal and moisture management properties and hence determine the comfort properties of textiles. This paper reports a detailed study on the comfort characteristics of textiles and factors at interplay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of cotton fiber and CoolMax filament composite yarn on the moisture absorption and quick drying performance and air permeability of fabrics under different yarn structures, yarn twists and fabric structures were discussed. Eight kinds of fabrics were prepared by orthogonal experiments, and their various factors were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the combination of different yarn structures, yarn twists, and fabric structures had a significant impact on the moisture absorption quick drying performance and air permeability of the fabric. The moisture absorption of the fabric was optimal when yarn structure was core spun yarn, yarn twist was bigger and fabric structure was twill weave. The optimal quicking drying of the fabric was achieved when the yarn structure was wrapped yarn, yarn twist was bigger and fabric structure was plain weave. The fabric had the best air permeability when the yarn structure was wrapped yarn, yarn twist was bigger and fabric structure was twill weave. It is considered that overall planning and analysis in many aspects can be done to achieve the best performance during the actual development of fabrics with moisture absorption and quick drying properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforced concrete structure durability hinges on concrete permeability, which relies on the characteristics of the inner porous network. Harmful ions and gases can accelerate steel corrosion. Permeability-reducing admixtures (PRA), including crystalline admixtures (CA), are commonly used to mitigate this. This study examines a commercial CA's impact on durability-related aspects in concrete specimens. Two concrete mixtures with matching proportions were prepared: a reference mix and another mix with a commercial crystalline admixture. Several properties were studied, such as compressive strength, density, porosity, electrical resistivity, water absorption capacity, chloride diffusion, air permeability, and corrosion resistance. The studied admixture in concrete yields several positive outcomes such as a slight reduction in mixing water, a potential 6% increase in concrete's compressive strength and the development of a denser and less permeable structure with 3% lower porosity and water absorption than the reference mix. Electrical resistivity improves by 10%. Unidirectional chloride diffusion tests show no differences. Air permeability decreases by from 36% to 55%, and the water absorption rate diminishes by 23%. The admixture potentially reduces the scatter in corrosion initiation periods for steel reinforcements, delaying corrosion onset by around 60 days, although more extensive experiments are needed for definitive conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The apparent diffusion coefficient of chloride ions is used to evaluate the durability of existing concrete structures against chloride attack. The coefficient requires in situ measurements of chloride profiles, which use destructive sampling techniques, such as core drilling. In this study, the relationship between the apparent diffusion coefficient of chloride ions obtained from destructive tests and the air-permeability coefficient obtained from a non-nodestructive Torrent method in the existing road bridges exposed to deicing salts was analyzed. The obtained relationship was different from the common trends obtained from laboratory chloride-immersion tests and in situ measurements in marine/coastal concrete structures. Additional cyclic wetting and drying tests in a laboratory revealed the effects of environmental differences on the apparent diffusion coefficient of chloride ions. A higher ratio of the drying period, in the case of deicing salts, reduced the apparent diffusion coefficient.

Factors such as the growing popularity of sports, changing lifestyles and the increasing number of sporting events contribute significantly to the popularity of sports textiles. Sports textiles play an important role in the performance of athletes, as they need to provide freedom of movement and comfort to the wearer during activity. In this paper, seven conventional and high-performance polyamide and polyester yarns were selected for the development of knitted fabrics for sportswear. The fabrics were manufactured as single jersey and double jersey structures, both with and without incorporated elastane yarn. The fabrics manufactured were tested for mass per unit area, fabric thickness, fabric density, porosity, air permeability and water vapour permeability. The results of the study indicate that the air permeability of all four fabric groups shows a strong correlation with the measured porosity. The average water vapour permeability of single jersey fabrics is significantly higher than that of double jersey fabrics, and the addition of elastane leads to a further reduction. The correlation between the water vapour permeability and the thickness of single jersey, elastane-plated single jersey and double jersey fabrics is negative.

Exposure to washing and other external factors induces aging in textile materials, adversely affecting their physical and mechanical properties and consequently reducing their lifespan. The study reflects the results of investigation into the impact of repeated washing on the physical and mechanical properties of eco-leather with a polyurethane coating. The samples underwent 5, 10 and 15 wash cycles in a drum-type washing machine using the “Bonus” detergent for delicate fabrics, produced by the Belarusian manufacturer “BZPI”, for 30 minutes at a temperature of 40 °C. Following each wash, the samples were rinsed for 5 minutes, hand-wrung without twisting, and dried. Upon completion of each washing and drying cycle, the elemental samples were stored in standard climatic conditions in a straightened form. The research findings confirmed that the coloring of Belarusian ecoleather is resistant to washing. During the washing process, the material is affected by a combination of physical, mechanical and chemical factors, resulting in the compaction of the structure of the woven base due to fiber swelling. This entails shrinkage of the material and, consequently, a gradual decrease in air permeability and abrasion. The dependence of the breathability of eco-leather on the number of washes is described with a high degree of approximation reliability by a logarithmic law. The influence of washing on the alteration in the linear dimensions of the materials under study is minimal – shrinkage does not exceed 1 %. All studied eco-leather samples exhibited the greatest shrinkage in the direction of the base, ranging from 0.6 to 5.2 %. Based on the research outcomes, recommendations were formulated for the washing regime of eco-leather with a polyurethane coating. It is advised to wash in drum-type washing machines at a temperature of 40 °C for 30–60 minutes. It is recommended to use the “Bonus” product, produced by “BZPI” Company, as a detergent. Handsqueezing without twisting, followed by drying on a flat surface away from direct sunlight, is also recommended.

Recyclable yarn has become increasingly significant because of growing environmental consciousness and the necessity to acquire or enhance the qualities of woven materials in the years to come. A cotton yarn's tensile strength, rip strength, and permeability to air were examined to obtain the intended outcomes. The experiment was carried out on specimens with almost identical structures, and the impact of the weaving and various weft materials was evaluated. This endeavor aims to find the right blend or blends of regenerated fibers to substitute 100% cotton garments. The mechanical strength and physiological characteristics of Tencel textiles mixed with other regenerate cellulose yarns were compared to those of 100% cotton to attain the same or possibly superior end qualities. Thus, cotton fibers, viscosity, Tencel, modal, and hemp were used. Standard thread counts of 20 tex were used to make mixed plain woven textiles made of 100% cotton and 50:50 mixes of Tencel with other regenerating materials. The ergonomic qualities, such as air permeability, and mechanical characteristics (tension and tearing assets, pilling, abrasion resistance, and warp- and weft-wise) were assessed. It has been discovered that textiles combined with Tencel perform better than cotton ones. Consequently, it may be said that 100% cotton textiles can be replaced with a Tencel combination, using these regenerating fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Materiały Budowlane is the property of Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polyurethane materials can be used industrially in different ways, some of which can be used as textile materials or as auxiliary materials applied to textile materials. Polyurethane stands out as a widely used polymer for coating textile products used in outdoor applications, because of high stability at low temperature, flexibility, no or very little volatile organic component content, high water resistance, pH stability, excellent solvent resistance, weather resistance, and many other chemical and mechanical properties. In the study, cotton, PET, and viscose fabrics were coated with polyurethane and aged under UV light to investigate the causes and behavior of the mechanical degradation effects of UV on the coating material and fiber. The results indicate that the PU coating process improves the mechanical properties of textile materials while being exposed to UV rays impair the fabric structure. The deterioration in the structure of raw and coated fabrics with the effect of UV increased the air permeability. According to the results of DSC analysis, the increase in the time of UV exposure did not create significant differences in terms of thermal degradation temperatures in both cotton and viscose fabrics. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) increased with more exposure to UV rays, and the UV exposure time had a negative effect on the melting temperature (Tm) and enthalpy (ΔH) of coated PET fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Heat and mass transfer properties of textile fabrics determine thermal comfort. This paper introduces a statistical study on the contribution of yarn fineness to the heat and mass transfer properties of single jersey cotton and polyester fabrics through relevant measurements. It is observed that yarn fineness affects those properties at different levels in differing fiber types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]