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The partnership between the government and private sectors is an important issue, as it is one of the topics that has received and continues to receive the attention of researchers, international and global organizations, and national development plans in the country to benefit from it as an experiment within the process of building the national economy and improving the reality of the agricultural sector in the country and its compatibility with the sustainable development goals that the government seeks in At the present time, it is also considered one of the ways through which risks can be shared between the public and private sectors, and work efficiency can be increased and the exchange of experiences and knowledge and other benefits, opportunities and common interests that can be achieved through partnership between the two sectors. This partnership is an important source and one of the components of the system. Disseminating agricultural technologies, as the practice of partnership means the efficient and effective use of available resources. In addition, it is a major challenge in coordination and cooperation between the governmental and non-governmental sectors in order to unify the extension services provided and avoid duplication and waste of agricultural resources and supplies. It is also considered a successful and effective approach to development. Sustainable agricultural and rural areas, and in reforming agricultural extension systems and improving the quality of extension service. Therefore, this article aims to identify the concept of the government sector, the private sector, and the partnership between the two sectors, its importance, the reasons for it, its advantages, goals, principles, and problems of partnership, as well as identifying the most important factors affecting and related to the effectiveness of the partnership between The public and private sectors in the field of meeting the needs of farmers in agricultural technologies

Forecasting crop yields is one of the key challenges for the agricultural sector, especially in the context of a changing climate and unstable weather conditions. Kazakhstan, possessing significant territories suitable for growing grain crops, faces many challenges related to the effective management of agricultural activities. In this regard, yield forecasting becomes an integral part of planning and decision-making processes in agriculture. Information and analytical subsystems that integrate yield forecasting methods allow agribusinesses to estimate future production more accurately, minimise risks associated with climate change and optimise resource use. An important component of such systems is the consideration of weather conditions, as weather factors have a direct impact on crop growth and development. The purpose of this article is to develop and evaluate modern methods of forecasting grain yields taking into account the influence of weather conditions, as well as their integration into information-analytical subsystems to improve the accuracy of agricultural forecasting. To achieve this goal, the article addresses the following tasks: to analyse existing methods of yield forecasting and identify their advantages and disadvantages, to develop forecasting models, including machine learning methods such as gradient bousting and recurrent neural networks, to validate the developed models on the basis of historical data using cross-validation methods, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and compare them with basic models such as linear regression and simple average, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and to compare them with the basic models such as linear regression and simple average. This article reviews modern methods of forecasting grain crop yields in Kazakhstan, as well as technologies used in information-analytical subsystems. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of meteorological conditions on yields and the development of models that take this factor into account. The presented review and research results are aimed at improving the existing approaches to the management of agricultural processes under conditions of growing uncertainty caused by climate change. The article explores an important scientific task related to the development of methods for step-by-step forecasting of agrometeorological factors and grain yields, relying on the principle of analogy.

The natural shift towards a new agricultural strategy targeting at the rational use of available natural resources is marked by more economical soil cultivation methods. Innovative trends in crop production include, among other practices, the partial or complete elimination of moldboard plowing, the avoidance of vertical mixing of the arable layer, minimal soil disturbance by agricultural machinery, and a reduction in soil degradation and erosion. (Research purpose) The paper explores the application of technological approaches, processes, and technical systems developed in accordance with contemporary concepts of production processes in crop cultivation. (Materials and methods) The development of soil cultivation technologies is associated with the shift from extensive agriculture to natural resource management systems that leverage natural or nature-mimicking processes, resulting in lower entropy production than technogenic methods. New approaches, such as no-till systems, should be based on the concept of symbiosis between plants and soil microorganisms, and their interaction with environmental conditions and factors. (Results and discussion) To ensure optimal conditions for the preservation and development of biocenoses within the root-occupied soil layers, it is proposed to use submersible pneumatic hydrodrills capable of subsoil processing, loosening, and aeration through compressed air pulses. This process is followed by irrigation, fertilizer application and hydrogel integration. The most promising and appropriate agricultural technologies, technical systems and tools are those that maximize the genetic potential of plant productivity and facilitate the interaction between biomachine systems and natural processes. These approaches aim to achieve the highest and most rational synergistic effect. (Conclusions) In accordance with modern concepts in crop cultivation, technological processes and technical systems have been developed and substantiated based on the concept of symbiosis between plants and soil microorganisms. These systems utilize subsoil processing, loosening, and aeration through pulses of compressed air.

Forecasting crop yields is one of the key challenges for the agricultural sector, especially in the context of a changing climate and unstable weather conditions. Kazakhstan, possessing significant territories suitable for growing grain crops, faces many challenges related to the effective management of agricultural activities. In this regard, yield forecasting becomes an integral part of planning and decision-making processes in agriculture. Information and analytical subsystems that integrate yield forecasting methods allow agribusinesses to estimate future production more accurately, minimise risks associated with climate change and optimise resource use. An important component of such systems is the consideration of weather conditions, as weather factors have a direct impact on crop growth and development. The purpose of this article is to develop and evaluate modern methods of forecasting grain yields taking into account the influence of weather conditions, as well as their integration into information-analytical subsystems to improve the accuracy of agricultural forecasting. To achieve this goal, the article addresses the following tasks: to analyse existing methods of yield forecasting and identify their advantages and disadvantages, to develop forecasting models, including machine learning methods such as gradient bousting and recurrent neural networks, to validate the developed models on the basis of historical data using cross-validation methods, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and compare them with basic models such as linear regression and simple average, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and to compare them with the basic models such as linear regression and simple average. This article reviews modern methods of forecasting grain crop yields in Kazakhstan, as well as technologies used in information-analytical subsystems. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of meteorological conditions on yields and the development of models that take this factor into account. The presented review and research results are aimed at improving the existing approaches to the management of agricultural processes under conditions of growing uncertainty caused by climate change. The article explores an important scientific task related to the development of methods for step-by-step forecasting of agrometeorological factors and grain yields, relying on the principle of analogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of agricultural innovations, such as wood ash, irrigation, and hybrid crop varieties, on the food security of households in a region with high food insecurity. The study highlights the role of these technologies in improving food availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability amidst challenges like climate change and low productivity. By focusing on the application of traditional and modern agricultural methods, the study provides insights into how these practices can enhance agricultural output and alleviate poverty in rural areas. The findings underscore the need for region-specific agricultural policies, gender-inclusive extension services, and the integration of traditional and technological solutions to address food insecurity in developing regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the management of Coffee Berry Borer (CBB) and Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR) in Coffee Agroforestry Systems (CAFS). Despite extensive research on pest and disease management in CAFS, there is a notable absence of literature reviews or bibliometric analyses regarding the study of the CBB and CLR. The novelty of this work lies in offering a comprehensive synthesis of recent research and identifying the technologies employed in these studies, providing valuable insights for future developments in the field. Using the PRISMA protocol and Bibliometrix tool, the research analyzed 51 relevant studies from Web of Science and Scopus databases, covering the period from 2002 to August 2024. The analysis revealed an increasing trend in publications on CBB and CLR in CAFS in recent years. Traditional techniques, such as visual plant observation, pheromone traps, and spore sedimentation traps, remain prevalent. However, the use of advanced technologies in CAFS is still limited. Findings highlight the significant impact of shade on pest dynamics, the importance of biodiversity in pest control, and the need for integrated pest management strategies. The study concludes that while traditional techniques play a crucial role in pest and disease monitoring in CAFS, there is significant untapped potential in integrating advanced technologies such as sensors, UAVs, IoT, robotics, and AI. The limited use of these technologies in CAFS underscores the need for future research to drive their adoption and optimization, aiming to improve sustainable pest and disease management in these complex systems.

AbstractResearch institutions generate plenty of agricultural technologies which is capable of improving agricultural productivity. However, most of research outputs developed by research institutions were not properly communicated to the intended users. The current study, therefore, examined the factors that affect the application of communication strategies in the diffusion of agricultural innovations and technologies at the Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute (ARARI). To conduct this study, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with senior experts from ARARI and purposefully selected farmers, respectively. The study also incorporated document analysis as a data collection instrument. The study predominantly used a qualitative approach to the research design. The findings of the study indicated that ARARI has dominantly followed traditional extension services that are slow, linear, hierarchical, and poorly funded. In relation to communication strategies, agricultural extension workers mostly used interpersonal communication strategies, while agricultural innovations and technologies were diffused to the end users. The findings also revealed that farmers still have a negative perception of the adoption and utilization of agricultural innovations and technologies that emerge from illiteracy, knowledge gaps, inexperience, fears, and lack of clear communication between extension workers and end users. Therefore, to clearly diffuse agricultural innovations and technologies to wider users, ARARAI as an institution should work largely in the adoption (cognitive activity), especially in awareness creation, knowledge management, and behavioral change communication to allow the users of the innovation as well as better to adopt and spread the technology to many users.

The main problems in the effective use of land resources as an important factor of the country’s development and population’s food security are considered. The study was conducted in the northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The object of the study was grain-growing farms in the Akmola region. The study concluded that satellite imagery and unmanned aerial vehicles should be used to monitor crops and assess yields in the Akmola region. These technologies allow for more efficient land management, prompt response to problems and informed decisionmaking. The experience of GIS application in the United States consists in the formation of database systems for all soil types that are of economic importance. There are 4 national soil databases, as well as several automated soil databases containing data on more than 13,400 soil varieties. The country’s Soil Conservation Service has created soil geographic databases, including a geographic database on soil surveys, state soil associations, and major land resource areas. The economic efficiency of land conservation measures will be determined by the amount of net income, taking into account the prevented environmental damage in value form, using the efficiency coefficient of environmental costs relative to the total production and environmental costs. The acreage area in the Akmola region on average for 2018–2023 amounted to 26,264.32 thousand hectares, the average actual crop yield was 12.5 centner/ha. Based on the given system of formulas, the estimated crop yield on non-eroded soils (Yn) is 13.5 centner/ha, and the crop shortfall (V) due to land erosion is 871.88 thousand centners of grain, which is 69,750 thousand tenge at an average grain price of 80,000 tenge/t. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, trajectory control is a significant issue for unmanned micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) due to large disturbances such as wind and storms. Trajectory control is typically implemented using a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. In order to achieve high accuracy in trajectory tracking, it is essential to set the PID gain parameters to optimum values. For this reason, separate gain values are set for roll, pitch and yaw movements before autonomous flight in quadrotor systems. Traditionally, this adjustment is performed manually or automatically in autotune mode. Given the constraints of narrow orchard corridors, the use of manual or autotune mode is neither practical nor effective, as the quadrotor system has to fly in narrow apple orchard corridors covered with hail nets. These reasons require the development of an innovative solution specific to quadrotor vehicles designed for constrained areas such as apple orchards. This paper recognizes the need for effective trajectory control in quadrotors and proposes a novel neural network-based approach to tuning the optimal PID control parameters. This new approach not only improves trajectory control efficiency but also addresses the unique challenges posed by environments with constrained locational characteristics. Flight simulations using the proposed neural network models have demonstrated successful trajectory tracking performance and highlighted the superiority of the feed-forward back propagation network (FFBPN), especially in latitude tracking within 7.52745 × 10−5 RMSE trajectory error. Simulation results support the high performance of the proposed approach for the development of automatic flight capabilities in challenging environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study marks the pioneering use of time-series econometric techniques and methods, including ARDL, FMOLS, and CCR framework, to examine the short-run dynamic and long-run impacts of climatic change and agricultural technologies on wheat production in India. The research covers the period from 1991 to 2018, thereby spanning nearly three decades. To enhance the assessment of factors influencing wheat production, we incorporated agricultural employment, agricultural credit, and cultivated land into the empirical model. By doing so, we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the influence of fundamental factors on wheat production dynamics during the study period. In addition, the Granger causality test was employed to determine causational direction among the underlying variables. Results indicate that climatological factors such as precipitation pattern and carbon emissions contribute to an increase in wheat production. In addition, the results indicate that advanced technology has considerably contributed to the increase in wheat production. The ARDL method's long-term results were confirmed and validated by econometric techniques including FMOLS and CCR. According to Granger's estimation of causality, the relationship between farm equipment, agricultural labor, and wheat crop yield is bidirectional. The findings regarding causality indicate that climatological factors had a significant impact on wheat production. To mitigate this issue, the government should develop new crop varieties that are well-suited to the agroclimatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology Mandatory (Tech Mandatory) is a compulsory subject for New South Wales (NSW) Stage 4 students and aims to engage students in production and design activities applicable to Agriculture and Food Technologies (AFT), Digital Technologies (DT), Engineered Systems and Material Technologies. The GPS Cows Module, an agricultural education module focused on livestock and Global Positioning System (GPS) livestock data, was co-designed by the NSW Department of Education and CQUniversity Australia. Teachers had previously expressed concern about being able to successfully teach some content of the Tech Mandatory curriculum's AFT and DT components. Accordingly, the GPS Cows Module focused on livestock production and using digital solutions to address real-world problems. To introduce teachers to the GPS Cows Module and increase Module uptake, several one-day professional learning workshops were run in 2018 and 2019 across NSW, Australia. A post-workshop survey was used to evaluate the GPS Cows Module and the suitability of content related to AFT and DT learning outcomes. Participants agreed or strongly agreed that the Module content would address some of the AFT (92.8% combined) and DT (95.5% combined) outcomes of the curriculum. Over 72% of participants felt their students would find GPS Cows engaging and were excited to teach the Module. However, there were some barriers to implementation including perceptions of student ability, access to technology, teacher confidence and time. Overall, the GPS Cows Module comprises of high-quality content to address some of the AFT and DT outcomes of the Tech Mandatory curriculum. Additionally, it reinforces the importance of authentic data, real-life case studies, and a variety of accompanying resources to effectively implement into a teaching program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the effectiveness of agricultural technologies and constraint on cassava farming in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. One hundred and forty-eight well-structured questionnaires were used for this study to obtain data for this study from five selected villages. Data obtained were analyzed using percentage and Chi-Square to compare the significance among the variables in this study. The results showed that Cassava production was dominated by males (51.4%) as against females (48.6%), an active age group of 41-50 years (56.7%), more of married people (88.5%) to unmarried (2.7%). The study area was characterized with an average level of secondary education (54.7%), There was no significant relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents and agricultural technologies used. This research hereby recommended that the government should make available agricultural technologies to the farmers and they should be aware of the technologies through the extension agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyond productivity, does the adoption of agricultural technologies improve food consumption and reduce poverty? To provide answers to this, the paper used data from the household survey on the Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) carried out in 2017 in Benin. Five agricultural technologies were considered in this study. First, an extended ordered probit model was estimated to analyze the impact of technology choice sets on food consumption groups (poor, limit and acceptable). Second, an extended probit model is employed to assess the impact on poverty status. The results show that the adoption of multiple technologies increases food consumption and reduces poverty among agricultural households in Benin. Combinations of technologies that enhance both food consumption and poverty status are irrigation and herbicide, irrigation and chemical fertilizers and improved seed and chemical fertilizers. Therefore, policy interventions should help farming households gain access to these improved technologies to improve food security and reduce poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic efficiency is an integral method of analyzing agricultural technologies, especially against the rising prices for plant protection products, seeds, fertilizers, and fuels and lubricants. Identification and implementation of the most effective methods of field crops, growing using crop rotation and fertilizers remains an urgent task. The purpose of the current research was to study the effect of crop rotations and doses of mineral fertilizers on productivity of winter wheat grain, to analyze the economic and energy efficiency of its cultivation in the conditions of the Central Blackearth region. The study was carried out in the conditions of the experimental field of the Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center in 2016, 2020. The soil of the experimental plot was typical medium-loamy, medium-humus blackearth (chernozem). The experimental scheme included such factors as grain-fallow-row crop, grain-grass-row crop, and grain-grass rotations; with doses of fertilizers or without fertilizers, N20P40K40 and N40P80K80. The weather conditions for the rotations of the studied crop rotations differed slightly. As a result of the study, there was found that winter wheat grain productivity in grain-grass and grain-grass-row crop rotations was 17.2 and 13.8 % lower than in grain-fallow-row crop rotation. When applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N40P80K80, the largest winter wheat productivity was 4.52 t/ha. The lowest cost of grain was established in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation, which varied from 4.68 to 5.04 thousand rubles/t due to higher yields compared to other studied crop rotations and with a dose of N20P40K40 (4.68, 4.80 and 4.97 thousand rubles/t, respectively for crop rotations). A higher level of profitability of 113.7 % was observed in grain-fallow-row crop rotation with a dose of mineral fertilizers N20P40K40, a dose of N40P80K80 not allowing obtaining a high payback of fertilizers. The energy intensity of production increased with increasing doses of applied fertilizers; its minimum values were determined in grain-fallow-row crop rotation (1.35–2.77 GJ/t). Energy efficiency coefficients when applying a dose of N20P40K40 in crop rotations were higher than when applying N40P80K80.

The results of the selection work of the Primorsky vegetable experimental station, work in the field of seed production of vegetable crops are presented, the characteristics of the negative processes occurring in the arable soils of the region and their removal by the developed ridgeridge technology of cultivation by technical means with a wide base are given. A comparative characteristic of the former and the wide-row version in terms of energy consumption and fuel consumption is givenAuthors´ Contribution: All authors contributed to the planning and setting up the experiment, aswell as in the analysis of experimental data and writing of the article.Based on the results of the selection work of the Primorsky Vegetable Experimental Station for the period 1993-2023, the station bred and released 56 varieties and hybrids of 19 main vegetable crops. The experience of the Primorsky branch of the Federal scientific vegetable center allows organizing production at a modern level, taking into account the rich experience of other regions of Russia. In conditions of monsoon climate and soils of heavy granulometric composition, with a general lack of heat, their fertility is negatively affected by a large number of external factors. To grow vegetables, a set of measures is needed for serious drainage and irrigation reclamation (creation of polder systems with the laying of systematic plastic drainage) against the backdrop of ridge-ridge cultivation technology, fine irrigation system). The developed wide-cut technology and a set of machines make it possible to introduce a resource-saving technology that saves energy costs and fuel.

The study investigated the effectiveness of agricultural technologies and constraint on cassava farming in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. One hundred and forty-eight well-structured questionnaires were used for this study to obtain data for this study from five selected villages. Data obtained were analyzed using percentage and Chi-Square to compare the significance among the variables in this study. The results showed that Cassava production was dominated by males (51.4%) as against females (48.6%), an active age group of 41-50 years (56.7%), more of married people (88.5%) to unmarried (2.7%). The study area was characterized with an average level of secondary education (54.7%). There was no significant relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents and agricultural technologies used. This research hereby recommended that the government should make available agricultural technologies to the farmers and they should be aware of the technologies through the extension agent.

The purpose of this work is to present new results of using Earth remote sensing data in the problem of managing agricultural technology in real time. The main reason for the low efficiency of modern precision farming technologies is the lack of an adequate theory of agricultural technology management. At the same time, when creating such a theory, one should take into account the fact that the object of management, which is agricultural technology, includes agrocenoses, in which, in addition to sowing a crop, weeds are also included. Failure to take this factor into account leads to a deterioration in management efficiency, a decrease in sowing productivity and an over expenditure of mineral fertilizers and herbicides. In the presented work, for the first time, a complete theory of managing the state of agrocenoses is presented. This theory makes it possible to obtain a given yield with the required reliability. Such management is formed on the basis of estimates of the parameters of the state of sowing crops and weeds, formed according to remote sensing data in real time. The presented theory is based on new mathematical models of parameters of the state of agricultural crops, the soil environment, and weeds, as well as models of the relationship of these parameters with remote sensing data. Mineral fertilizers, herbicides, and irrigation are control factors in agricultural technology. Naturally, the parameters of technological operations are the doses of applied mineral fertilizers and herbicides, as well as irrigation rates. These operations are carried out at the onset of certain phenological phases of sowing crops. Remote sensing data are entered precisely at such moments of time, and the parameters of the state of crops and weeds are estimated on their basis. The presented theory is based on classical control principles used in modern dynamic systems. According to the proposed theory, a specialized software package was developed, with the help of which the control system was tested on the example of spring wheat sowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global food security is a critical issue today, strained by a wide range of factors including global warming, carbon emissions, sociopolitical and economic challenges, traditional workforce decline and population growth. Technical innovations that address food security, like agricultural robotics, are gaining traction in industry settings, moving from controlled labs and experimental test facilities to real-world environments. Such technologies require sufficient network infrastructure to support in-field operations; thus, there is increased urgency to establish reliable, high-speed wireless communication networking solutions that enable deployment of autonomous agri-robots. The work presented here includes two contributions at the intersection of network infrastructure and in-field agricultural robotics. First, the physical performance of a private 5G-SA system in an agri-robotics application is evaluated and in-field experimental results are presented. These results are compared (using the same experimental setup) against public 4G and private WiFi6 (a newly emerging wireless communication standard). Second, a simulated experiment was performed to assess the "real-time" operational delay in critical tasks that may require quick turnaround between in-field robot and off-board processing. The results demonstrate that public 4G cannot be used in the agricultural domain for applications that require high throughput and reliable communication; that private 5G-SA greatly outperforms public 4G in all performance metrics (as expected); and that private WiFi6, though limited in range, is a fast and very reliable alternative in specific settings. While a single wireless solution does not currently exist for the agricultural domain, multiple technologies can be combined in a hybrid solution that meets the communications requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the factors hindering the adoption of innovations in the arid agro-ecosystems of India. Adoption of agricultural technologies helps increase agricultural output, which can impact poverty levels and environmental degradation. The present study was conducted in Rajasthan, India, to identify the technology adoption of agricultural households and various socioeconomic and socio-personal factors affecting the same. Among several coping strategies for climate vulnerability, other than a shift towards rainfed crops, reducing the number of irrigations, deepening existing wells and advancing or delaying irrigation were common in the arid ecosystems. Some important policy measures have been drawn from this study. First, the sustainable development of groundwater resources, particularly in the low-productive eastern region, would go a long way in improving agricultural productivity in the country. Agricultural productivity can also be improved by increasing fertilizer use. Second, it proves cost-reducing technologies and creates awareness of better resource-saving options for better returns. Finally, advisory services and the availability of extension personnel are important in rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the current research on how socio-economic factors affect the decision-making process and adoption of agricultural technologies by farmers in crop production scheduling. It reviews existing literature to identify gaps in knowledge and determine the most relevant factors influencing crop production in Northwest India from 2016 to 2021. The study finds that socio-economic factors, such as education, age, awareness and financial limitations, significantly impact farmers' decision-making when it comes to crop planning. Additionally, societal issues like politics and religion also influence crop output. The study suggests that government policies and subsidies can help improve farmers' livelihoods, and effective communication from agricultural scientists can encourage the adoption of affordable and environmentally friendly production technologies. However, the study emphasizes the need for more primary data to address socio-economic constraints in intervention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy is transformative, systemic and functional. Projections show that shifting from a linear approach of “take, make and dispose” to a circular system is estimated to have USD 4.5 trillion potential for economic growth by 2030. Major drivers for transitioning to a circular economy are environmental (climate change, 73%), institutional (global agendas, 52%) and socio-economic (changing economic conditions, 51%). Additionally, the circular transition is driven by job creation (47%), private sector initiatives (46%), new business models (43%), technical developments (43%) and research and development (R&D) (41%) (OECDE Survey, 2022). The paper aims is to description of these drivers and their role in the circular economy.

Background. According to the UN FAO recommendations, it is necessary to produce one ton of grain for each inhabitant of the Earth for the production of bread and feed for livestock and poultry farming in order to obtain meat, milk, eggs, etc. However, the current level is 3 times lower, which confirms the relevance of the research. Methods and means. In the article, based on a systematic analysis of existing approaches in agriculture, a systematic synthesis of high-tech technological processes in agriculture, as well as fire protection of farmland and forests, was carried out. Examples of modern solutions in this area are given, including monitoring of farmland and forests using unmanned drones, small aircraft and helicopters. The latest developments in the development of airships for these purposes are described, including methods patented by the authors for detecting and fighting fires using gas separation nanotechnology to replace water with atmospheric nitrogen. Results. The conditions for self-organization of technological processes in agriculture are determined, on the basis of which the synthesis of the model of an "agro-fire combine-airship" is carried out, which combines "inside itself" not only the functions of fire extinguishing with separated atmospheric nitrogen, but also all agricultural technologies and precision farming techniques - "without tractors, seeders, combine harvesters, trucks and land reclamation systems. The results of the "energy assessment" of the effectiveness of the introduction of domestic innovations in this area are presented. Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was concluded that agro-fire combines-airships can implement not only technologies for extinguishing landscape and forest fires, but also have an unrivaled quality in the organization of agriculture, due to the proposed integration of these innovative solutions.

Nowadays, trajectory control is a significant issue for unmanned micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) due to large disturbances such as wind and storms. Trajectory control is typically implemented using a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. In order to achieve high accuracy in trajectory tracking, it is essential to set the PID gain parameters to optimum values. For this reason, separate gain values are set for roll, pitch and yaw movements before autonomous flight in quadrotor systems. Traditionally, this adjustment is performed manually or automatically in autotune mode. Given the constraints of narrow orchard corridors, the use of manual or autotune mode is neither practical nor effective, as the quadrotor system has to fly in narrow apple orchard corridors covered with hail nets. These reasons require the development of an innovative solution specific to quadrotor vehicles designed for constrained areas such as apple orchards. This paper recognizes the need for effective trajectory control in quadrotors and proposes a novel neural network-based approach to tuning the optimal PID control parameters. This new approach not only improves trajectory control efficiency but also addresses the unique challenges posed by environments with constrained locational characteristics. Flight simulations using the proposed neural network models have demonstrated successful trajectory tracking performance and highlighted the superiority of the feed-forward back propagation network (FFBPN), especially in latitude tracking within 7.52745 × 10−5 RMSE trajectory error. Simulation results support the high performance of the proposed approach for the development of automatic flight capabilities in challenging environments.

The empowerment of women in agri-food systems is essential to enhance the well-being of women and their households, reduce hunger, boost incomes and strengthen resilience. The empowerment of women in the livestock sector is key to the progress of the sector. Livestock in turn provide a unique entry point to support the empowerment of women. Yet evidence shows that in low and middle income countries (LMIC) gender discriminatory norms and practices reduce the ability of women in livestock to rear and maintain healthy and productive animals, as well as to access the markets needed to obtain income. Cooperatives are one mechanism for overcoming some of these constraints. Yet, little is known on the extent to which women’s empowerment can be supported through cooperatives in the livestock sector. In this paper we studied how membership in Mulukanoor Dairy had changed gender dynamics within households. Caste was selected as a significant cross-cutting variable that affects power dynamics in interaction with gender. The study therefore also analyzed how Mulukanoor Dairy improved caste relations between members, and whether gender relations have changed in similar ways across households belonging to different castes. We framed our study in a conceptual framework structured around six concepts of power; power with, power over, power within, power to act, power to empower, power through, and a related concept termed a gender norms façade. Focus group discussions and Key informant interviews were held with women members of Mulukanoor in caste-based groups. The findings show that gender norms are quite fluid while caste norms are less so thereby differentially affecting the ability of Mulukanoor as an organization, and women members in different castes, to achieve various forms of empowerment. Despite these differentials, Mulukanoor has radically shifted gender relations in dairy.

This study aims to explore the long‐term (LT) and short‐term (ST) effects of meteorological factors and technological advancement on major crop production, that is, wheat, and rice, in India from 1990 to 2020. For this purpose, the authors also used other important controlled variables, that is, agriculture employment (AE), agricultural credit (AC), and cultivated land (AUR/AUW). For the estimation of data series, the study employed robust econometric techniques, such as the ARDL, FMOLS, and CCR framework. Empirical results reveal the long‐term relationship among meteorological factors, agricultural technologies, and major crop production (wheat and rice). In the case of meteorological factors, rainfall (RF) and carbon emission (CO2) have a positive and negative impact on wheat and rice production, while the mean temperature is negatively related to rice production and positively related to wheat production. Whereas agricultural technologies, such as fertilizer usage and farm machinery, improve wheat and rice crop production. The long‐term (LT) estimated findings are confirmed by econometric techniques such as FMOLS and CCR. The government should adopt necessary measures to achieve sustainable production and develop resilient hybrid seeds of rice and wheat that are well‐suited to agro‐climatic conditions in order to mitigate environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy is transformative, systemic and functional. Projections show that shifting from a linear approach of "take, make and dispose" to a circular system is estimated to have USD 4.5 trillion potential for economic growth by 2030. Major drivers for transitioning to a circular economy are environmental (climate change, 73%), institutional (global agendas, 52%) and socio-economic (changing economic conditions, 51%). Additionally, the circular transition is driven by job creation (47%), private sector initiatives (46%), new business models (43%), technical developments (43%) and research and development (R&D) (41%) (OECDE Survey, 2022). The paper aims is to description of these drivers and their role in the circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future of the food system is often framed as a choice between a 'conventional' and an 'alternative' system of agriculture. This framing reflects a decades-long debate between opposing worldviews around agricultural paradigms, and it has constrained conversations regarding the creation of a sustainable global food system. Globally, agricultural production is diverse, and outcomes are achieved via a combination of several production systems. However, emerging technologies over the past 10 years are now being applied across agricultural systems resulting in enabling novel approaches to production. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities of integrating emerging technologies and food production approaches (e.g., digital agriculture, genomic innovations, cellular agriculture, hydroponic farming) and coupling these with industrial and urban design principles (e.g., industrial ecology, mixed-use densification). We characterize a high-yield, local (HYL) agriculture approach, which involves shorter supply chains, decentralized control of the food system, and potentially reduced land use as well as a lower environmental footprint. The paper concludes with a discussion on how the HYL approach will vary depending on the geographical and place-based contexts in which it is implemented. It identifies key policy opportunities and considerations for ensuring HYL agriculture can support transitions to sustainable food systems, including climate change mitigation, habitat and biodiversity conservation, safety and nutrition standards, public communications, and labour and economy., resulting in a novel element to be incorporated into the 'portfolio' of agricultural strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural sector continued to operate during the pandemic, even though agricultural activities were severely disrupted. The European Union's food system is based on a complex network of interdependent sectors that supply food to European consumers.Supply chain disruptions in the European Union have ranged in the pandemic context from difficulties in insuring agricultural workers, difficulties in accessing supply to limitations or closing markets for products. Analyzing the evolution of EU agricultural policy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the regulations undertaken under the CAP, the paper aims to summarize the way in which farmers' work has been influenced by climate change

Agricultural productivity impacts the environment and natural resources in various ways. The severity of these impacts has triggered the emergence of natural resource management and the related, highly criticized science of agroecology. Vegetable production has known environmental impacts. However, the extent of its participation in sustainable production has not been adequately explored. This review sought to explore the spaciotemporal position of vegetables in a suite of existing sustainable agricultural practices, explore regional variations and discover lessons that can guide the future of vegetable production. There are regional differences regarding sustainable production practices and the associated barriers to their adoption. Generally, sustainable agricultural practices with a societal history in a region tend to be successful, unlike when they are "new" innovations. The major barriers to sustainable agricultural practices in vegetable production are economy-related (total investment cost) and crop-related and are also related to the technology transmission approaches. Unfulfilled expectations and a lack of community participation in technology development are noted challenges, which have led to dis-adoption. A farmer-centered approach to technology promotion could help. Comparatively, southern Africa has the most challenges in the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. From the lessons learned from other regions, agroecology in vegetable cultivation is not unachievable in Africa. The projected challenges mean that sustainable vegetable production is inevitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Agricultural production can be increased via intensification, which entails investments in modern inputs and technologies is a better option for increasing agricultural production and improving the livelihoods of farm households. However, there are different factors such as;-demographic, institutional, socio-economic characteristics hindered the adoption of improved agricultural technologies. Thus, this paper investigates the determinants of adoption decisions of multiple agricultural technologies on the basis of cross-sectional household level data generated in East Shewa, Ethiopia. Methods: The study uses a multi stage sampling procedure to select 400 sample households. Data were collected using a household survey, a Focus Group Discussant (FGD) and key informant interviews (KIIs). Binary logistic regression model was used to analyse the data collected. Results: The results of the logistic regression model estimate indicate that out of the 13 variables, six were found to have significant influence on the probability of being adopters of improved agricultural inputs at less than 1%, 5% and 10% probability level. These are extension service, access to credit, time of input distribution, price of inputs, farmer's level of motivation and total annual income households' head. We found the importance of promoting multiple and complementary agricultural technologies among rural smallholders. Conclusions: The adoption of multiple combinations of improved technologies has substantial effects on improvement of the agricultural productivity status among smallholders' farmers. We recommend that improve system of using improved agricultural technologies, better to make uniform, cluster and to reduce the variation observed in rate of application kilogram per hectare among farmers in using improved agricultural technologies especially in teff varieties and chemical fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural extension services in poor countries often identify opinion leaders based on criteria such as wealth and social status. We explore the effectiveness of this top-down approach by analysing the role of so-called model and nodal farmers in the diffusion of malt barley in a highland community in Ethiopia. We use a retrospective case study design where we combine quantitative network analysis with qualitative data. Nodal farmers played a more central role in knowledge diffusion of the technology than model farmers. While model farmers were wealthier and better connected to the local authorities, nodal farmers were socio-economically more similar to their fellow farmers. Nodal and model farmers, as well as farmers closely connected to them, had a significantly higher adoption index than the rest. The diffusion of knowledge is an important condition for the adoption of modern agricultural technologies, but it is not enough, particularly when access to external inputs is limited. Moreover, relying on assumed opinion leaders has its limitations and may even reinforce existing inequalities. This paper has shown the complementarity of network approaches. We propose network approaches such as social network analysis to identify community brokers who emerge from bottom-up or clan-based, political, knowledge networks that mediate access to agricultural technologies. Our combined research approach differs from the mainstream of studies in this field that employ either ethnographic fieldwork or (spatial-)econometric methods. We aim to create a bridge between the often separated worlds of (technical) agronomic research, (qualitative) rural sociology, and (quantitative) econometric analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated the possibility of using a plant extract in the perspective of alternative plant cultivation technologies. An extract based on the herba (Urtica dioica L.) was used in aqueous solution, in a ratio of 1:10. Foliar treatment solutions were prepared from the base solution (UdE) with concentrations of 25% (V2), 50% (V3), 75% (V4) and 100% (V5), which were tested together with a control variant (V1). The biological material was represented by the Mureșana oat variety. The prepared solutions were applied in four treatments, on consecutive days, the first treatment at the stage of 4-5 leaves (15-19 BBCH code). The effect of the treatments on some biometric and plant productivity parameters was evaluated: plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), root length (RL), plant weight (PW), root weight (RW), panicle length (PL), number of branching levels (NBL), and distance between branching levels (DbBL). Very strong correlations were recorded between SD and UdE (r=0.969), between PW and UdE (r=0.947), between RW and UdE (r=0.976), between PH and RL (r=0.961), between PW and SD (r=0.974), between RW and SD (r=0.945) and between PW and RW (r=0.951). Biometric parameters of the plants were taken into account, and based on the regression analysis it was possible to estimate with high precision the panicle length (PL) depending on the biometric parameters RL, PW and RW (p=0.0042, RMSE=1.85750), parameters which showed a close correlation with the extract concentration (UdE) applied (r=0.707 in the case of RL; r=0.947 in the case of PW; r=0.976 in the case of RW). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was laid out on a Haplic Phaeozem (PH ha) (WRB-SR 2014) characterized by a dark colored mollic A horizon (Am), a cambic B horizon (Bv), and an accumulation calcareous illuviation horizon (Cca) of secondary calcium carbonates which occurs deeper than 125 cm (SRTS, 2012). Clay content in the first 40 cm varies between 39.4 and 42.6%, total nitrogen is 0.186%, available phosphorus soluble in the ammonium acetate lactate solution (PAL) 76 mg/kg, available potassium soluble in the same solution (KAL) 250 mg/kg, and soil reaction (pH) 6.3. The land is slightly uneven, groundwater below 5 m depth. The humus content was average in the beginning of the experimentations after which increases were noticed especially in the upper layer (5-10 cm). Soil humus content evolution following different agricultural technologies use was similar at all three studied depths, with increases in the case of minimum tillage system, but without statistically significant differences as compared to the classic one. Therefore, the various agricultural technological systems must assert the conservation and increase of soil organic matter, respectively, the soil humus supply, through their technological chain links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioeconomy clusters (bioclusters) have been a key strategy for bioeconomic transformation. By leveraging knowledge, they can enhance innovative outputs, thereby improving agricultural productivity and steering the sector towards sustainable development. Bioclusters are complex and dynamic systems, reflecting environments conducive to actors' interaction for research and development activities. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of bioclusters in the agricultural sector and identify suitable conditions for their establishment. We employ maximum entropy approach (MaxEnt) to model the spatial suitability for agricultural bioclusters across Vietnam. We utilize patent data from the agricultural domain, including Agronomy techniques, Plant breeding, Livestock and aquaculture, and Agrochemicals, as indicators of bioeconomic innovations. MaxEnt models then characterize the socioeconomic conditions of existing innovation sites and predict the likelihood of their presence elsewhere in Vietnam. We find that bioeconomic innovations are clustered in and around Vietnam's major cities, which feature a diverse range of actors involved and serve as hubs for knowledge-intensive clusters of Plant breeding and Agrochemicals. Key factors driving biocluster establishment include access to infrastructure and electricity, governmental expenditure on education, and revenues from primary production sectors. By illustrating the micro-level dynamics of bioclusters from the perspective of an emerging economy in the Global South, these findings contribute empirical spatial evidence for cluster and innovation theories and extend the discourse on space-neutral versus place-based development interventions. They also offer valuable insights for policymakers and the private sector involved in the development of bioeconomy and agricultural sector in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global food security is a critical issue today, strained by a wide range of factors including global warming, carbon emissions, sociopolitical and economic challenges, traditional workforce decline and population growth. Technical innovations that address food security, like agricultural robotics, are gaining traction in industry settings, moving from controlled labs and experimental test facilities to real-world environments. Such technologies require sufficient network infrastructure to support in-field operations; thus, there is increased urgency to establish reliable, high-speed wireless communication networking solutions that enable deployment of autonomous agri-robots. The work presented here includes two contributions at the intersection of network infrastructure and in-field agricultural robotics. First, the physical performance of a private 5G-SA system in an agri-robotics application is evaluated and in-field experimental results are presented. These results are compared (using the same experimental setup) against public 4G and private WiFi6 (a newly emerging wireless communication standard). Second, a simulated experiment was performed to assess the “real-time” operational delay in critical tasks that may require quick turnaround between in-field robot and off-board processing. The results demonstrate that public 4G cannot be used in the agricultural domain for applications that require high throughput and reliable communication; that private 5G-SA greatly outperforms public 4G in all performance metrics (as expected); and that private WiFi6, though limited in range, is a fast and very reliable alternative in specific settings. While a single wireless solution does not currently exist for the agricultural domain, multiple technologies can be combined in a hybrid solution that meets the communications requirements.

The introduction of a digital platform for practical use at an agro-industrial enterprise is of great practical importance for the development of precision farming. Modern digital information systems are an integral part of precision farming and, in many ways, their foundation. During the work on the Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS) project, software and methodological framework for the use of precision farming techniques and information technologies for managing the process of growing crops in the field was developed. The introduction of a digital platform was carried out as an important experiment. Research methods such as bibliographic analysis and statistical processing were used. This study used modelling and statistical estimation of parameters. The findings were used to estimate the volume of transactions. In addition, during the experiment, communication schemes were worked out. The channel for receiving and transmitting information was tested, along with the channel-forming equipment (routers, switches, gateways) and the basic settings. The study checked the integration of the platform with external systems. A test was carried out for the passage of digital signals to the platform, including various electronic forms and reports. The recommendation for the policy planner is to ensure the required accuracy of the results. The practical value of our findings is that the electronic recording and preservation of the history of fieldwork and crops can help agro-industry workers in preparing special reports on the production cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]