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Introduction: This study aims to explore the mechanism by which community social capital influences pre-service teachers' career calling, while also examining the mediating role of career exploration and the moderating effect of agreeableness. Methods: Data were collected from 455 pre-service teachers at a local undergraduate normal college in Guangdong Province, and a structural equation model was employed for analysis. Results: The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between community social capital and career calling, with career exploration serving as a mediating variable between them. Additionally, agreeableness moderated the relationship between community social capital and career exploration. Discussion: These results provide valuable theoretical and practical support for colleges and universities in developing community service-learning education programs that enhance pre-service teachers' career exploration, address their individualized requirements, and cultivate their career calling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research has indicated that personality traits, loneliness, and problematic internet use (PIU) significantly contribute to the prevalence of adolescent depression. However, the specific interrelationships among these variables in explaining the occurrence of depression remain unclear. Drawing upon susceptibility theory and cognitive-behavioral theory, this study explored whether personality traits influences adolescent depression through loneliness and PIU. Methods: A total of 2476 adolescents (aged 12–18) from all over the country completed a psycho-social test, including the 10-Item Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI-10), three-Item Loneliness Scale (T-ILS), Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire-Short Form (PIUQ-SF-6) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The mediation model was built and bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect. Results: Results showed that neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness, and agreeableness have a direct role on depression. Loneliness and PIU partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and depression, and completely mediated the relationship between extroversion and depression. Conclusions: The results suggest that loneliness and PIU play important mediating roles in the relationship between personality traits and depression. This remind us that alleviating sense of loneliness and reducing overuse of the internet are a strategy for improve depression among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The euphoria of the Indonesian election has been replaced by an escalation of the conflict that is increasingly evident in society. The community seems to be looking for gaps in political figures and making jokes, both opponents and friends, even parties who are not part of the horizontal political conflict vortex. There is a phenomenon in a society where political events are used as material for good jokes and come from mistakes, politicians' mistakes become laughing stock, even being distributed as material for jokes together. The crisis of empathy is thought to make this phenomenon appear in society, but personality can also encourage the emergence of this behavior. This study aims to determine the role of empathy and personality in this case the big five personalities of voters against schadenfreude in election voters. Empathy is measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index scale, schadenfreude is measured by Schadenfreude, while the Big Five Inventory (BFI) scale is used to measure personality. 330 respondents were obtained in this study. This study uses a simple regression analysis and stepwise regression. The results of this study indicate that there is no role of empathy for schadenfreude in voters. Big Five Personality Traits have a stimulating role and a partial role towards schadenfreude, namely agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness traits. While the stimulant role between the Big Five Personality Traits on empathy was found in, there is a role partially between the traits agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to Schadenfreude to voters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Having higher levels of mainstream cultural orientation (MCO), an important component of acculturation attitudes and behaviors, is beneficial for ethnic/racial minority students during the transitions into university. Scant research has investigated MCO at a micro daily timescale. This study examined how personality (agreeableness) functions in conjunction with interpersonal processes (inter‐ethnic contact and perceived discrimination) to influence MCO as daily within‐person processes. Methods: Multi‐level structural equation modeling were used to analyze month‐long daily diary data from 209 ethnic/racial minority freshmen (69% female). Results: There was a positive indirect association between agreeableness and MCO through inter‐ethnic contact at both within‐ and between‐person levels. At the within‐person level, on days with lower (vs. higher) levels of ethnic/racial discrimination, higher levels of agreeableness were associated with higher levels of MCO. Conclusions: These findings highlight the contributions of intensive longitudinal data in elucidating ethnic/racial minority students' personality and acculturation processes in daily life involving protective and risk factors on micro timescales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the conservation of resources theory, this study integrates the positive and negative aspects of the impact of servant leadership behaviors in the hospitality industry on leaders themselves. Using leaders' and followers' paired data from 346 employees nested in 101 teams and analyzed using path regression methods. The results reveal that servant leadership behaviors were positively related to the leader's ego depletion, and the leader's ego depletion was positively associated with the leader's intention to leave. Servant leadership behaviors were positively related to leaders' perceived work meaningfulness, and followers' agreeableness significantly moderated the relationship between servant leadership behaviors and leaders' ego depletion and the relationship between servant leadership behaviors and leaders' perceived work meaningfulness. These findings broaden our understanding of the effects of servant leadership behaviors and provide new ideas on how to intervene in the negative effects of servant leadership behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The personality traits of top judo referees are crucial for fair decision-making in elite competitions, shaping the experience for athletes, coaches, and spectators. This study examines potential differences in personality traits among 63 referees from the World Judo Tour between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022. Factors analyzed include completing the IJF Academy course Level 1, elite athlete status, number of officiated events, performance ratings, and participation in the Olympic or Paralympic Games. Our research shows that older referees tend to exhibit greater extraversion, whereas less experienced officials show lower levels of this trait. Referees with limited experience generally demonstrate higher agreeableness than their more experienced counterparts. Female referees and those with top performance ratings display greater conscientiousness than male referees. Completing the IJF Academy course is associated with lower neuroticism, while lower performance ratings are linked to higher neuroticism. Openness tends to decrease with increased officiating experience, with less experienced referees showing higher levels of this trait. In conclusion, competitive experience, training completion, and officiating tenure are associated with specific personality traits among judo referees, highlighting the importance of continuous training for effective officiating. The analysis of personality traits revealed no statistically significant differences between male and female referees in the dimensions measured by the BFI (Big Five Inventory). This indicates that the levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness were similar for both genders, with no significant variation in how these traits were expressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe Big Five Inventory − 2 (BFI-2) is a commonly used self-report assessment of normal personality trait domains (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Negative Emotionality, Open-Mindedness) and facets. To date, however, no direct measures of response distortion have been developed for it to identify potentially invalid responses. Such distortions (e.g., careless or random responding) can adversely impact data quality. The current study developed and provided initial validation data for an inconsistent responding scale within the BFI-2 to identify careless responders using two large undergraduate samples and a community sample. To create the scale, we first identified highly correlated BFI-2 item pairs in one undergraduate sample (N = 1,461) and then computed a total score by summing the absolute differences of these item pairs. This scale, the Detection of Response Inconsistency Procedure (DRIP), differentiated randomly generated and genuine data and generally correlated as expected with personality domains and other inconsistent responding scales across samples. The DRIP also incrementally predicted random data beyond a composite of items with exceptionally high or low base rates of endorsement from the Comprehensive Infrequency/Frequency Item Repository. We provide recommendations for DRIP cut scores that can detect careless responding while balancing sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Values and personality are interrelated, multifactorial constructs that represent different aspects of the Self. The intricate relationships between personality and value have seldom been explored using appropriate person-centered approaches. In this study, latent profile analyses were performed to examine the personality-value relationships of 2886 Chinese adolescents as measured by established inventories. The LPA results for the five-factor personality traits of neuroticism, openness, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness yielded four distinct profiles: "Reserved and Undependable" (4.26%), "Sunny but Self-centered" (5.02%), "Emotional but Cooperative" (18.57%), and "Average" (72.14%). The LPA results for the eight-factor values of egalitarianism, collectivism, compliance, family, friendship, self-transcendence, fashion, and hedonism yielded three distinct profiles: "Rebels" (32.92%), "Moderates" (42.86%), and "Role Models" (24.22%). Subsequent analyses revealed significant associations between the personality profiles and the value profiles. Specifically, the "Reserved and Undependable" tended to associate with the "Rebels," whereas the "Emotional but Cooperative" tended to associate with the "Role Models." Besides, the findings also uncovered the rebellious and apathetic tendencies among Chinese adolescents. Research implications and future directions were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how the perception of persuasive behaviors (polite, logical, displeased, angry) of an android robot is affected by situations regarding the context of violation (affecting oneself or others), and by subject traits, such as compliance awareness (CA) and agreeableness (AG). We conducted a video-based experiment based on a mixed-subjects design with 98 participants from the US and conducted a three-way mixed analysis of variance to investigate the impact of persuasive types and situation types (as within-subject factors), and the subject trait groups (CA or AG, as between-subject factors), on the subjective impressions of the persuasive behaviors by the android robot. Results showed that more negative behaviors (anger and displeasure) are appraised as being more appropriate and effective to persuade a violator in situations where the violation affects others, while no clear preference was found in a situation where the violation affects only oneself. Regarding the subject traits, participants with higher CA and lower AG would be willing to adhere to any persuasive behaviors, while their counterparts would dislike being persuaded through negative behaviors by the robot. These findings can be considered in future studies to develop cognitive models for generating situation-aware behaviors in social robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-critical rumination is a sub-type of self-criticism and rumination that can be defined as a persistent focus of attention on self-critical thoughts. The present study seeks to determine the acceptability and efficacy of a compound self-compassion-based digital workbook in reducing high self-critical rumination. Forty-seven senior high school students with high self-critical rumination underwent and completed ten sessions in three weeks using Google Classroom. Data were collected through online surveys and examined using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Acceptability was assessed using participant feedback (PFS), and efficacy was examined by comparing withingroup changes in self-critical rumination (SCRS), and self-compassion (SCS-SF) and its positive and negative subscales, and analyzing their effect sizes. At post-intervention, high average ratings towards the workbook were measured on the total scale, as well as in each subscale, namely, agreeableness, helpfulness, applicability, enjoyableness, understanding, easiness, and commitment. The analyses also reflected statistically significant changes between pre- and post-measures with large effect sizes in the scores of self-critical rumination and overall self-compassion, along with the positive and negative components of self-compassion. The current study presents evidence regarding the acceptability and efficacy of a compound self-compassion-based digital workbook in reducing self-critical rumination among senior high school students. However, the intervention may be modified to avoid low engagement and late submissions, and measured in a randomized controlled trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) on knowledge acquisition and application by Pakistani university librarians. To increase their impact in academic institutions, it is imperative to examine how people acquire and apply knowledge within the field of librarianship. This study employed a quantitative research approach based on the survey research method. The Big Five personality inventory designed by John and Srivastava was adopted, however, measurement items related to knowledge acquisition and application behavior were developed with the help of the existing literature. The study population comprised academic librarians working in the university libraries of Pakistan, with a census sampling method used to collect data and 357 completed questionnaires received. The results indicated that extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience positively affect the university librarian's knowledge acquisition, while neuroticism has a negative effect. The findings also revealed that extraversion and openness to experience positively affects academic librarians' knowledge application behavior while neuroticism has a negative effective, however, conscientiousness and agreeableness personality traits were found to be insignificant predictors of the same. This study highlights the significant personality features contributing to knowledge acquisition and application behavior in academic libraries from a developing country's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although several studies have examined the relationships between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the Big Five personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, this meta-analysis comprehensively examined the relationships between OCD and these traits. In total, 23 studies (29 independent datasets) with 30,138 participants were analyzed. The pooled effect size was 0.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28, 0.40) for neuroticism, −0.14 (95% CI: −0.18, −0.10) for extraversion, −0.04 (95% CI: −0.09, 0.02) for openness, −0.10 (95% CI: −0.16, −0.04) for agreeableness, and −0.03 (95% CI: −0.11, 0.05) for conscientiousness, indicating that OCD was associated with higher scores for neuroticism and lower scores for extraversion and agreeableness. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses indicated that heterogeneity was mainly due to differences in sample types and OCD measurement instruments. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results of the meta-analysis were robust. Overall, neuroticism was a maladaptive trait, whereas extraversion and agreeableness were adaptive traits for OCD. Although the results could be sample- and instrument-specific, our findings may inform preventions and interventions for OCD symptoms. • Meta-Analyzed the relationship between OCD and the Big Five personality traits. • Neuroticism was positively associated with OCD. • Extraversion and Agreeableness were negatively associated with OCD. • Sample types and different instruments specifically warrant consideration. • A lower score on Extraversion was a significant trait for OCD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The personality configuration of mentors and mentees is important in understanding mentoring outcomes. While the best mentors appear to have higher degrees of agreeableness and conscientiousness, entrepreneurs generally score lower on agreeableness and have higher degrees of narcissism, a personality trait that could be detrimental to mentoring. We investigated the interaction of narcissism with two traits from the Big Five Inventory, namely agreeableness and conscientiousness, to see how this interaction influenced learning from the relationship of mentee entrepreneurs. Our findings suggest that mentee narcissism negatively influences learning, and mentor agreeableness mitigates the negative effects on mentee learning. These findings show certain beneficial personality configurations in entrepreneurial mentoring and provide elements to consider in managerial practice when pairing mentors and mentees in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Bystander intervention has been promoted across organizations to combat sexual harassment and its deleterious effects. However, the career consequences of bystander reporters (e.g., their hireability prospects inside and outside the organization)—those who report sexual harassment on behalf of coworkers—are not well understood. Based on the social identity and person perception literatures, which suggest that recruiters are motivated to hire candidates with attributes helpful to the organization (perceived moral character and agreeableness), we proposed that candidates' history of reporting sexual harassment on behalf of a victim leads to perceived high moral character but low agreeableness, which subsequently have countervailing effects on hireability of these known reporters. We found support across three experimental studies using realistic hiring decision‐making tasks and various employee samples. Based on the social identity literature, we further argued that perceptions and hireability of the known reporters depend on recruiter and candidate genders. In Study 2 and Study 3, we consistently found that the positive effect of reporting on perceptions of candidate moral character was weaker when the recruiter was male (vs. female) but we found mixed results for candidate gender effects. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Agreeableness, one of the five personality traits, is associated with socio-cognitive abilities. This study investigates how agreeableness impacts the perception of social interactions, while considering sex that might moderate this effect. Sixty-two young adults, preselected to ensure a wide range of agreeableness scores, underwent EEG recording while viewing images depicting real-world scenes of two people either engaged in a social interaction or acting independently. Behavioral results suggested a trend where higher agreeableness scores predicted better ability to detect social interactions primarily in males. ERP analysis showed that individuals with higher agreeableness exhibited stronger neural differentiation between social and non-social stimuli, observed in both females and males, and in the whole sample. This neural differentiation, occurring early in the processing timeline, was particularly extensive in males, and predictive of their performance. Three independent source analyses, conducted for the whole sample and for each sex, identified the engagement of right fronto-parietal regions for the ERP-agreeableness association. These findings enhance our understanding of how agreeableness shapes the neural mechanisms underlying social interaction detection and emphasize sex as an important factor in this dynamic. They also highlight the need for tailored approaches that consider personality traits and sex in clinical interventions targeting social impairments.

IntroductionThe extent to which the Big Five personality traits and subjective well-being (SWB) are discriminatory predictors of clinical manifestation of dementia versus dementia-related neuropathology is unclear.MethodsUsing data from eight independent studies (Ntotal = 44,531; Ndementia = 1703; baseline Mage = 49 to 81 years, 26 to 61% female; Mfollow-up range = 3.53 to 21.00 years), Bayesian multilevel models tested whether personality traits and SWB differentially predicted neuropsychological and neuropathological characteristics of dementia.ResultsSynthesized and individual study results indicate that high neuroticism and negative affect and low conscientiousness, extraversion, and positive affect were associated with increased risk of long-term dementia diagnosis. There were no consistent associations with neuropathology.DiscussionThis multistudy project provides robust, conceptually replicated and extended evidence that psychosocial factors are strong predictors of dementia diagnosis but not consistently associated with neuropathology at autopsy.HighlightsN(+), C(-), E(-), PA(-), and NA(+) were associated with incident diagnosis. Results were consistent despite self-report versus clinical diagnosis of dementia. Psychological factors were not associated with neuropathology at autopsy. Individuals with higher conscientiousness and no diagnosis had less neuropathology. High C individuals may withstand neuropathology for longer before death.

Introduction: Speaking anxiety in educational settings is among the most prevalent and important social anxieties playing a critical role in the anxiety experienced by students. Objective: The current study aimed to test the structural relations model of personality traits with speaking anxiety among students. Method: The present research was descriptive-correlational of structural equations type. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students of psychology at Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, in the academic year 2021-2022, among them 136 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. McCrae and Costa’s Personality Traits Questionnaire (1985) and Bartholomay and Houlihan’s (2016) Public Speaking Anxiety Scale were used for data collection, and data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using SPSS software version 18 and Amos software. Results: According to the results, the personality traits of extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were significantly and negatively related to speaking anxiety (p

Questionable research practices (QRP) are believed to be widespread, but empirical assessments are generally restricted to a few types of practices. Furthermore, conceptual confusion is rife with use and prevalence of QRPs often being confused as the same quantity. We present the hitherto most comprehensive study examining QRPs across scholarly fields and knowledge production modes. We survey perception, use, prevalence and predictors of QRPs among 3,402 researchers in Denmark and 1,307 in the UK, USA, Croatia and Austria. Results reveal remarkably similar response patterns among Danish and international respondents (τ = 0.85). Self-reported use indicates whether respondents have used a QRP in recent publications. 9 out of 10 respondents admitted using at least one QRP. Median use is three out of nine QRP items. Self-reported prevalence reflects the frequency of use. On average, prevalence rates were roughly three times lower compared to self-reported use. Findings indicated that the perceived social acceptability of QRPs influenced self-report patterns. Results suggest that most researchers use different types of QRPs within a restricted time period. The prevalence estimates, however, do not suggest outright systematic use of specific QRPs. Perceived pressure was the strongest systemic predictor for prevalence. Conversely, more local attention to research cultures and academic age was negatively related to prevalence. Finally, the personality traits conscientiousness and, to a lesser degree, agreeableness were also inversely associated with self-reported prevalence. Findings suggest that explanations for engagement with QRPs are not only attributable to systemic factors, as hitherto suggested, but a complicated mixture of experience, systemic and individual factors, and motivated reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trait-consistent, affect regulation hypothesis states that people seek to maintain affective states that are consistent with their traits. To date, most of the research has focused on neuroticism, extroversion, and related traits, like depression and low self-esteem, and has found that neurotics seek experiences that produce negative affect and extroverts seek experiences that produce positive affect. The purpose of this research was to apply this hypothesis to another one of the Big Five traits, agreeableness. It was hypothesized that agreeable people would seek experiences that made them feel agreeable and that disagreeable people would seek experiences that would make them feel disagreeable. Two studies were carried out in which participants completed trait measures of agreeableness. They then listed their favorite entertainments and rated the extent to which the entertainments made them feel agreeable. Support was found for the hypothesis that trait agreeable people choose entertainments than made them feel agreeable while trait disagreeable people choose entertainments that made them feel disagreeable. Thus, the trait-consistent, affect regulation hypothesis was found to also apply to agreeableness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is a formative life phase for the development of personality characteristics. Although past findings suggest Big Five traits alongside self-esteem as indicators for successful development, little is known about their longitudinal interplay. We addressed this research gap by integrating data from three longitudinal studies (NT1 = 1,088; Mage = 16.02 years, 72% female). We apply continuous time modeling to investigate longitudinal associations between Big Five traits and self-esteem in a period of up to 1 year. Results illustrate four main findings: First, rank-order stabilities were overall high for all personality characteristics. Second, longitudinal associations between Big Five traits and self-esteem were reciprocal for extraversion, neuroticism, and openness but one-sided for agreeableness and conscientiousness on self-esteem. Effects peaked within the first month and mostly faded after 2 months. Third, the majority of cross-effects were similar in size; however, the effect from neuroticism on later values of self-esteem was stronger than vice versa. Fourth, most effects were robust against influences of gender, age, and study characteristics. Analyses with acquaintance-reports supported the results but suggested stronger effects that lasted longer than effects of self-reports. We conclude that the development of personality characteristics acts as possible sources of development for each other. All in all, the interplay between Big Five and self-esteem development appears reciprocal for some traits but was most often driven by Big Five traits. We integrate our findings into three contrasting theoretical perspectives and discuss the importance of time for a better understanding of personality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Theory and anecdotal evidence suggest that people undergo psychological changes before and after religious conversion and deconversion. Yet, existing research provided inconclusive evidence. Here, we examined psychological change before, during, and after institutional conversion and deconversion in a large‐scale longitudinal study. Method: We used 11‐wave longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of Dutch adults (N ~ 20,000) to assess changes in religious beliefs and practices, personality traits, and well‐being before, during, and after conversion to and deconversion from Christianity. Results: Converts (N = 181) increased in service attendance and prayer, but not in their belief in God, as they approached conversion. Deconverts (N = 450) declined in religious beliefs and practices before, during, and after deconversion. In terms of personality, converts displayed small, unexpected declines in emotional stability, extraversion, and agreeableness at time of conversion. Deconverts declined in agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness at time of deconversion. Neither group showed changes in their well‐being. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that psychological changes during religious conversion and deconversion are generally small and mostly manifest as changes in people's religious beliefs and practices. Findings are discussed in the context of person‐religion fit, meaning‐making, and sociocultural motive perspectives on religious change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the complex relationships between personality traits, bullying perpetration, and victimization among Chinese adolescents, emphasizing the moderating role of sex. Data from 2,342 participants across two educational institutions in China were analyzed using Bayesian Gaussian Graphical Model (BGGM) to identify variable-level network structures among specific personality traits, bullying perpetration, and victimization across different sexes. The findings reveal a consistent inhibitory role of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness on both bullying perpetration and victimization. In contrast, the effects of Openness, Neuroticism, and Extraversion on bullying dynamics are inconsistent. Additionally, a significant overlap between bullying perpetration and victimization was observed, with most types of bullying being positively correlated. The network structure also indicates significant sex differences, suggesting that sex not only moderates the relationships between personality traits and bullying behaviors but also between specific types of bullying perpetration and victimization. These results underscore the importance of psychological network analysis in revealing complex patterns within bullying phenomena and advocate for its expanded use to achieve a deeper understanding of the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality traits are broad constructs composed of nuances, operationalized by personality items, that can provide a more granular understanding of personality associations with health outcomes. This study examined the associations between personality nuances and incident dementia and evaluated whether nuances associations replicate across two samples. Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 11,400) participants were assessed in 2006/2008, and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, N = 7453) participants were assessed in 2010/2011 on personality and covariates. Dementia incidence was tracked for 14 years in the HRS and 8 years in ELSA. In both HRS and ELSA, higher neuroticism domain and nuances (particularly nervous and worry) were related to a higher risk of incident dementia, whereas higher conscientiousness domain and nuances (particularly responsibility and organization) were associated with a lower risk of dementia. To a lesser extent, higher extraversion (active), openness (broad-minded, curious, and imaginative), and agreeableness (helpful, warm, caring, and sympathetic) nuances were associated with a lower risk of dementia, with replicable effects across the two samples. A poly-nuance score, aggregating the effects of personality items, was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia in the HRS and ELSA, with effect sizes slightly stronger than those of the personality domains. Clinical, behavioral, psychological, and genetic covariates partially accounted for these associations. The present study provides novel and replicable evidence for specific personality characteristics associated with the risk of incident dementia. • Personality nuances were related to the risk of incident dementia in two samples. • Higher scores on the items nervous and worry were linked to a higher dementia risk. • Higher responsibility and organization were linked to a lower dementia risk. • Higher scores on the item active were related to a lower dementia risk. • A poly-item score was predictive of dementia risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An auditor's ability to manage conflict in the monitoring process plays a key role in determining the quality of an audit. Auditors who are not willing to communicate disagreement with monitored parties risk compromising professional standards of integrity, resulting in monitoring failures. Organizations and society increasingly recognize the need to improve monitoring quality, however little research has focused on identifying individuals who can be relied upon to disclose others' financial infractions. In the present contribution, we examine whether two personality traits under the HEXACO framework--honesty-humility and agreeableness-- predict decisions to flag misreporting by monitored parties. Although both honesty-humility and agreeableness are socially desirable characteristics associated with cooperative behavior, we suggest these traits will differentially predict decisions to disclose others' misreporting. Across a simulated audit experiment (N = 260) and field survey (N = 201) of certified public accountants (CPAs), we find that auditors with higher levels of honesty-humility are most likely to value professional integrity in the monitoring process and to report others' financial infractions. The same cannot be said for auditors with higher levels of agreeableness. Our results provide the first empirical investigation of the HEXACO framework in the audit setting and imply that screening for honesty-humility is likely to have a positive impact on monitoring quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceiving that a partner is highly committed tends to benefit close relationships. However, there may be relational drawbacks to perceiving high commitment. In particular, given that high commitment may signal that a partner is unlikely to leave the relationship, perceiving that a partner is highly committed might lead people low in agreeableness to feel comfortable behaving more selfishly toward that partner. One correlational study consisting of a highly diverse sample of individuals (n = 307), one observational study of newlywed couples (n = 202), and one experiment with undergraduate couples (n = 252) examined whether the implications of perceived partner commitment for selfish behaviors depend on agreeableness. Results demonstrated that perceiving high commitment resulted in more selfish behavior among disagreeable participants (Studies 1–3), but less selfish behavior among agreeable participants (Studies 1 and 3). Together, these results suggest that signaling commitment to disagreeable partners may backfire in romantic relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the impact of educational attainment on psychological traits such as self-efficacy, introversion, and agreeableness. The primary goal of this study is to see whether there are significant variations in these traits according to the educational level of the participants and to identify relationships between educational level and psychological traits. A number of hypotheses were formulated, anticipating that self-efficacy would be higher in participants with higher levels of education, while introversion would be lower. Agreeableness was also hypothesized to be influenced by level of education, with higher means in those with higher levels of education. To test these hypotheses, a questionnaire was completed by a sample of 238 respondents, who were grouped according to their level of education. Data analysis revealed significant differences between education groups on self-efficacy, introversion, and agreeableness. The findings were explored in light of current ideas, with a focus on their theoretical and practical consequences. Finally, the study underlines the role of education in forming personality characteristics and the necessity for more research in this area. The study's limitations were also acknowledged, and future research objectives were offered to help us better grasp this complicated link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research in psychology has attempted to identify the main predictors and strategies that are useful to promote well-being. Although personality has been recognized as one of the main determinants of well-being, the primary mechanisms involved in this relationship are not fully disclosed. This research addressed the impact of pro-environmental behaviors in the interplay between the Big Five (openness, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) and psychological well-being (eudaimonic). Methods: A total of 176 young adults (mean age = 21.55 years; SD age = 1.76 years; 114 F; mean education = 14.57 years; SD = 2.11 years) participated in this study. The participants were requested to complete a short battery of self-report questionnaires, including the Big Five Inventory-10, the Pro-environmental Behavior Questionnaire, and the Psychological Well-being Scale. Results: The results revealed that pro-environmental behaviors only mediated the association between agreeableness and eudaimonic well-being (B = 2.25, BootSE = 1.26, BootCIs 95% [0.149, 5.050]). Conclusions: These findings contributed to identifying the potential mechanisms through which personality contributes to individual eudaimonic well-being, also providing insights into the development of promoting interventions based on eco-sustainable behaviors. Limitations and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being argumentative is said to be a very crucial skill that is needed in lawyers. By analyzing the effect of personality traits on argumentativeness, college students can be provided with a better insight into how to incorporate it to defend themselves in a controversial situation. The research presented here investigates to understand the relationship between law students' personalities and their ability to argue. A correlational research design approach is employed, utilizing the quantitative surveys-Argumentativeness scale and Ten-Item Personality Inventory for data collection on a sample size of 250 law students (125 males & 125 females) aged from 18-26 years with a purposive sampling method being used. The findings of the study reveal that there was a significant relationship between argumentativeness and the dimensions of personality which were agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience, however, there was not a relationship between argumentativeness and agreeableness. among law students. There is no significant difference found between argumentativeness among male and female participants. More research can be conducted on this population for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

360-degree evaluations are used as an assessment in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of, or as a continuous evaluation for, residents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and ratings on 360-degree evaluations among surgical residency applicants. A secondary aim was to describe the personality profile of applicants for a surgical residency position. Doctors interviewed for a residency or locum position in general, urology, or pediatric surgery were included. Participants rated their personality on the Neutralized Big Five Inventory. A 360-degree assessment was conducted. Scores from two laparoscopic simulators were used as a measure of technical ability. Univariate analyses were used to assess the results. Student's t-test was used to compare personality and Pearson correlations between 360-degree assessment and personality. Fifty doctors participated: data were complete for 38. Personality profiles showed higher emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness ratings than the norm. Correlations revealed a significant relationship between extraversion and higher scores on the 360-degree assessments. Significant univariate correlations were found between extraversion and the 360-degree assessments, and two of the correlations held up after adjustment for multiple tests. No correlations with performance when using laparoscopic simulators were found. Applicants for surgical residency rated significantly higher than the norm in four personality domains. Extraversion correlated with overall higher scores in 360-degree assessments by coworkers. Higher scores were not related to objective measures of technical skill, highlighting the importance of using objective measures for assessment. • 360° evaluations are used to assess strengths and weaknesses of surgical residents. • We assessed personality and ratings on 360° evaluations of 37 surgical residents. • Emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness scored highly. • There was a significant relationship between extraversion and higher 360° scores. • Higher scores were unrelated to objective measures of technical skill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing personality with short scales is becoming relevant in different fields of psychology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the internal structure and reliability of three short versions of the Big Five Inventory in a sample of 500 Mexican citizens (60.8% men; Mage = 23.58). The German (BFI-15; 15 items), Peruvian (BFI-15p; 15 items), and Brazilian (BFI-20; 20 items) versions were analyzed using exploratory structural equation modeling. The Peruvian version (BFI-15p) showed a simpler factorial structure and factor loadings with acceptable magnitudes, as well as adequate reliability coefficients. Likewise, the BFI-15p was invariant between men and women, with women scoring greater Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Openness than men. The implications of these findings and recommendations for future studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The psychological profile of the moral person might depend on whose perspective is being used. Here, we decompose moral impressions into three components: (a) Shared Moral Character (shared variance across self‐ and informant reports), (b) Moral Identity (how a person uniquely views their morality), and (c) Moral Reputation (how others uniquely view that person's morality). Method: In two samples (total N = 458), we used an extended version of the Trait‐Reputation‐Identity model to examine the extent to which each perspective accounts for the overall variance in moral impressions and the degree to which social and personal outcomes were associated with each perspective, controlling for method variance (i.e., positivity and acquiescence bias). Results: Results suggest that moral character impressions are strongly influenced by positivity and largely idiosyncratic. All components were related to higher levels of agreeableness. For the most part, however, the three components had unique correlates: people higher in Shared Moral Character tended to have higher standings on conscientiousness and honesty‐humility, were more respected, and donated more during an in‐lab game; people higher in Moral Identity endorsed various moral foundations to a greater extent; and people higher in Moral Reputation valued the loyalty foundation less. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the value of considering multiple perspectives when measuring moral character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Examine the group‐specific connections between personality, ideology, and the moral emotions of empathy and schadenfreude. Background: Empathy and schadenfreude are emotions that often lead to moral prosocial or spiteful harmful behaviors respectively. An outstanding question is what motivates feelings of empathy and schadenfreude towards people from different groups. Here we examine two prominent motivators of emotions: personality traits and ideology. Previous work has found that people's ideological orientations towards respecting traditionalism (RWA) and preferences about group‐based hierarchy (SDO) can impact intergroup emotions. Further, personality traits of low agreeableness, low openness, and high conscientiousness uniquely engender SDO and RWA. Method: In the research presented here (Study 1 n = 492; Study 2 n = 786), we examine the relationships between personality traits, ideology, and emotions for groups that are perceived to be dangerous and competitive. We hypothesize that SDO and RWA will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude but towards unique groups. SDO will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards competitive, low‐status groups while RWA will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards threatening groups. We further extend past work by investigating left‐wing authoritarianism as well. Results: We find broad support for our expectation that the relationships between personality and emotions, as well as ideology and emotions, depend on the specific group in question. Conclusions: These results help expand the dual process motivational model of prejudice and suggest the importance of specifying a target group when assessing relationships between personality, ideology, and emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Climate change is a serious threat. Personality psychologists can help address this threat by understanding what kind of people tend to endorse proenvironmental attitudes and engage in sustainable behavior. Previous research supports reliable associations between proenvironmental attitudes and personality traits. However, this research has generally aggregated different kinds of attitudes into a single composite and has focused on the domain level of personality traits. Method: This study explored how 10 lower‐order aspects of the Big Five personality traits were related to eight different proenvironmental attitudes in three convenience samples from the United States (N = 1234; 1000) and the United Kingdom (N = 538). Results: All five trait domains were related to at least one proenvironmental attitude across all three samples. Seven of eight proenvironmental attitudes could be predicted by one or more traits in all three samples. We also found evidence that the Openness aspect of Openness to Experience was a more consistent predictor of proenvironmental attitudes than the Intellect aspect. In contrast, there was little benefit in distinguishing between the aspects of other trait domains. We did not find evidence that age or political orientation moderated the associations between proenvironmental attitudes and personality. Conclusion: Results point to the need for more fine‐grained research on individual differences in proenvironmental attitudes and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study will contribute to the knowledge hiding literature by providing interesting insights in trickledown effect of supervisor knowledge hiding on subordinate knowledge sharing behavior with the co-workers, while; here, LMX as mediator would extend literature of knowledge hiding. Drawing on SET & COR theory by using cross-sectional data collected over structured questionnaire from employees of TEVTA organization, the research will be a considerable addition in both knowledge hiding and knowledge sharing literature. It would also provide the considerable knowledge in OB studies where personality traits i.e., agreeableness as moderator will influence upon relationship of LMX and knowledge sharing by subordinate with coworkers. It argues that, the effects of supervisor knowledge hiding (predictor) not stop at subordinate end while it transmits (trickledown) in coworker and badly affect their social well-being (outcome). More interestingly, agreeableness will moderate relation of LMX & subordinate knowledge sharing behavior with co-workers while the COR will support to author's stance. In addition, theoretical and practical implications of the study are also a key point of the present research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated employees' innovative performance in a highly competitive and rapidly changing workplace. Specifically, employees' innovative performance is correlated to the Big Five personality and innovative culture through the mediation effect of psychological safety in the Chinese manufacturing industry. Time-lagged data were collected from 285 employees and analysed on both SmartPLS and SPSS software. Resultantly, the innovative culture and the Big Five personality of extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness individually impacted employees' innovative performance. Furthermore, psychological safety significantly mediated the relationships between agreeableness and innovative performance, between neuroticism and innovative performance, and between openness and innovative performance. Organisations should consider employees' personalities when fostering workplace creativity and adjusting training and development. Recognising employees' personality types may also assist employees in unique performance, fulfilling career goals, and uncovering growth potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThis study aims to explore the mechanism by which community social capital influences pre-service teachers’ career calling, while also examining the mediating role of career exploration and the moderating effect of agreeableness.MethodsData were collected from 455 pre-service teachers at a local undergraduate normal college in Guangdong Province, and a structural equation model was employed for analysis.ResultsThe findings revealed a significant positive relationship between community social capital and career calling, with career exploration serving as a mediating variable between them. Additionally, agreeableness moderated the relationship between community social capital and career exploration.DiscussionThese results provide valuable theoretical and practical support for colleges and universities in developing community service-learning education programs that enhance pre-service teachers’ career exploration, address their individualized requirements, and cultivate their career calling.

The article focuses on how personality traits of raters influence both bias in job performance ratings and the effectiveness of rater bias training. It argues that understanding rater personality can illuminate the sources of variance in performance ratings, as certain traits, such as agreeableness and extraversion, have been linked to leniency bias and inaccuracies in assessments.

Background. The relevance of the study is associated with the activation of malevolent creativity at the macro level in the form of information wars and isolation of Russia, which create threatening socio-political conditions, against the background of the special military operation in Ukraine. Objectives. Objective of the study was to find out whether there are differences at the micro-level in different socio-political conditions in malevolent creativity as well as to identify its connections with personal characteristics: hostility, the trait of “Agreeableness”, and moral identity. The following hypotheses were formulated: 1. The level of antisocial creativity varies in different contexts and will be higher in threatening socio-political conditions and 2. the relationship between such personal characteristics as hostility, Agreeableness, moral identity, and malevolent creativity will be different in different socio-political conditions. Study Participants. The study is a cross-sectional one. The first stage was carried out in 2019 with the participation of 81 young students from one of Moscow universities (mean age 19.2, SD = 1.2). 152 young students of the same Moscow university took part at the second stage in 2023 (mean age 19.1, SD = 1.29). Methods. Participants filled out forms with the questionnaires “NEO-FFI” (a shortened version of the questionnaire “NEO PI-R”), BRAQ-24, moral identity questionnaire, “Behavioral features of antisocial creativity”. Results. It is shown that there are differences in variables at the microsystem level in different sociopolitical conditions: MC and hostility are significantly lower, and moral identity and cooperation are significantly higher in the sample of 2023. The predictors of MC in the sample of 2023 were the traits of Agreeableness and hostility. In the sample of 2019, the trait of Agreeableness alone predicted MC. Differences in the strength of the relationship between the variables were revealed: in the sample of 2023, the relationship of hostility with antisocial creativity and the trait of Cooperation was significantly stronger than in the sample of 2019. Conclusions. In threatening socio-political conditions, young people with high hostility and low level on the “Agreeableness” trait fall into the risk group, due to the high probability of the realization of creativity in behavior that harms other people, while realization of MC in behavior may be restrained through actualizing moral identity. In a calm and peaceful period, moral identity and hostility are less relevant for the implementation of MC in harmful behavior, since the development of “Agreeableness” is important in this case.

Objective and Background Method Results Conclusions The personality trait of agreeableness is linked to a number of core tendencies (e.g., empathy, warmth) that operate in a feeling‐based manner. Following considerations of this type, it is proposed that the motivations and characteristics of agreeable individuals, relative to disagreeable individuals, should render them more receptive to emotional events and more responsive to them for this reason.Potential links between agreeableness and emotional reactivity were assessed in two studies involving four samples (total N = 517) in which participants continuously rated their feeling states in response to a variety of affective images.Agreeableness did not predict the speed with which emotional reactions began, but agreeable individuals exhibited higher‐magnitude peak intensities, regardless of whether stimuli were appetitive (pleasant) or aversive (unpleasant) in nature.The findings provide novel insights into the personality trait of agreeableness, emotional reactivity phenomena, and the dynamic processes that link agreeableness to emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The family residence structure serves as a crucial pathway through which the family environment influences adolescents' development. Methods: Drawing on nationally representative data, this study employs multiple linear regression models and propensity score matching to examine the impact of various family residence structures on adolescents' non-cognitive abilities. Causal identification is achieved through propensity score matching, while robustness is assessed using methods such as augmented inverse probability weighting and placebo tests. Heterogeneity analysis is conducted based on gender and household registration, aiming to explore the mechanisms by which family residence structure affects adolescents' non-cognitive abilities. Results: The findings indicate that compared to two-parent co-residence households, three-generation co-residence families have significantly positive effects on emotional stability, conscientiousness, and agreeableness among adolescents. In contrast, skip-generation coresidence families exhibit significant negative effects on emotional stability and agreeableness in adolescents. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms reveals that parental involvement and family socioeconomic status within three-generation co-residence families positively influence adolescents' non-cognitive abilities. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering grandparents' role in adolescent growth and advocates for policy recommendations focusing on enhancing non-cognitive abilities in adolescents from skip-generation coresidence families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate how to use structural equation models to represent generalizability theory-based univariate, multivariate, and bifactor model designs. Analyses encompassed multi-occasion data obtained from the recently expanded form of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-2) that measures the broad personality domain constructs Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Negative Emotionality, and Open-Mindedness along with three nested subdomain facets within each global domain. Results overall highlighted the importance of taking both item and occasion effects into account but underscored additional benefits of the multivariate and bifactor designs in providing more appropriate indices of generalizability for composite scores and effective ways to gauge subscale added value. Bifactor models further extended partitioning of universe score variance to separate general and group factor effects at both composite and subscale levels, expanded score consistency indices to distinguish or combine such effects, and allowed for further evaluation of score dimensionality and subscale viability. We provide guidelines, formulas, and code in R for analyzing all illustrated designs within the article and extended online . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Research indicated that patients suffering from nightmares are often undertreated. One reason for this gap is that nightmare sufferers themselves often have not sought professional help for their nightmares, and—if they did—it was not very helpful. The current study aimed at studying trait factors (personality, harm avoidance) in relation to the persons considering seeking professional help. In a population‐sample of 1108 persons (712 women, 396 men) with a mean age of 50.55 ± 14.22 years, it was also found that only some of the persons who have problems with nightmares even considered seeking professional help as an option. As expected and after controlling for effects of nightmare frequency, persons with high harm avoidance and high introversion were more likely not seeking help for their problems with nightmares. The associations with low education, low agreeableness and low conscientiousness with considering seeking professional help might point to the fear of stigmatisation in nightmare sufferers. Interestingly, the association between harm avoidance and "Considering seeking professional help" was even stronger in the subsample of frequent nightmare sufferers (once a week or more often). Future efforts should aim at findings new ways to offer adequate help for nightmares and increase the knowledge about nightmare treatment in healthcare professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop the Global Assessment of Active Trolling and Passive Bystanderism (GAATPB) scale and investigate the influence of personality traits on trolling behaviors. Focusing on the Dark Tetrad (DT) traits and agreeableness, the present study examined their associations and predictive utility on active trolling and passive bystanderism. Participants were recruited from social networking sites (SNSs), and eligibility criteria included active SNS usage and engagement in online interactions. A total of 797 healthy adult students participated in the study, with data from 300 used for the initial exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the remaining 497 (Mage = 22.25 years, SD = 3.37) for the subsequent analyses. Results indicated a significant correlation between DT traits and agreeableness across both active trolling and passive bystanderism, revealing a shared personality profile. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that narcissism, Machiavellianism, and trait sadism were predictors of active trolling, with psychopathy being the strongest predictor. However, psychopathy did not emerge as a predictor for passive bystanderism. The study also highlighted that DT traits mediated the relationship between lower agreeableness and overall trolling behavior, suggesting that trolling manifests from lower agreeableness through the instigation of callous-unemotional, manipulative, and self-centered traits inherent in DT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyzed the relationship between personality traits and some existential variables (meaning in life, search for meaning, and ontological perception of time). Moreover, we examined the effect of ontological perception of time (past, present, and future) on the search for meaning and tested the moderating effect of existential emptiness in this relationship. Participants were 195 Brazilians aged between 18 and 58 years, predominantly female, and single. Results showed that neuroticism was positively correlated with existential emptiness and the search for meaning. In addition, the meaning in life was positively correlated with extroversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and agreeableness and negatively correlated with neuroticism. The moderating role of existential emptiness in the relationship between ontological perception of time and the search for meaning was also confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to assess the operational and environmental performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria in relation to their adoption of personality-traits taxonomy (i.e., conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, neuroticism or emotional resilience and agreeableness). The survey-based study involved the entire population of SME operators in South West Nigeria, totaling 1842 individuals (i.e., entrepreneurs). Through the use of stratified random-selection methods, a sample size of 420 was chosen. Data was collected, and both structural and measurement models were used to assess it. The results of the study demonstrate that personality traits have a significant influence on how successful SMEs function. The results also demonstrate that personality traits have a positive impact on SMEs' environmental performance. These findings suggest that sustaining operational and environmental performance may be accomplished by resource allocation, promoting diversity and inclusion, and employing trustworthy assessment methods. To enhance both their overall operational performance and their environmental performance in particular, the study advises SME operators in Nigeria to undertake proper management of personality traits for sustainability. The paper recommends for greater research on this subject and emphasises the necessity of understanding how personality factors impact operational and environmental performance in Nigerian SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]