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Dünya nüfusunun yaşlanmasıyla beraber, “Yaş/Yaşlı Dostu kent”(YDK) kavramı ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. Çalışmamızın amacı, 65 yaş üstü bireylerin bakım verenlerinin yaş/yaşlı dostu kent farkındalığını bakımveren yükü perspektifinde incelemek ve İstanbul’un Yaş/Yaşlı dostu kent olma yolundaki engelleri sunmak ve yaygın zorluklara çözüm üretmektir. Kesitsel olarak yapılan çalışmaya, 65 yaş üstü yaşlıların informal bakımverenine Google Forms aracılığıyla yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim durumu gibi sosyodemografik bilgiler sorgulandı, ardından Yaş/Yaşlı Dostu Kent Farkındalığı Anketi ve Zarit Bakımveren Yükü Ölçeği uygulandı. Çalışmaya 96 bakımveren katıldı. Çalışmaya katılanların %69,2’sini kadınlar oluşturmaktaydı. %74’ü evli, %38,5’i çalışmakta, %39,6’sı ev hanımı, %30,2’si emekliydi. Bakımverenlerin yaşı; 20-39, 40-59, 60-80 olacak şekilde 3 gruba ayrıldı. Bakımverenlerin çoğunun yaşı 40 yıldan fazlaydı. Çalışmaya katılanların ortalama yaşı 52,8±10,1 yıldı. Bulgulara göre ölçekten alınan bakımveren yükü puan ortalamaları kadınlarda, herhangi bir eğitim seviyesi olmayıp sadece okuryazar olan ve boşanmış olan bakımverenlerde, daha yüksek bulunsa da anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Katılımcıların yaş/yaşlı dostu kent belirleyicilerinden en çok toplum desteği ve sağlık hizmetlerinde problem yaşadığı görülmektedir. İkinci sırada; etkinliklere ve aktivite yelpazesi ve bunlara ulaşılabilirliğinin incelendiği başlık olan sosyal katılım olurken, üçüncü sırayı dış mekanlar ve binalar izlemektedir. Dış mekan ve binalar değişkeninin aritmetik ortalamaları arasındaki fark, bakımveren yükü puan düzeyleriyle istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. (P

The population aged 65 years and above in Hong Kong is projected to rise from 15 per cent in 2014 to 38.4 per cent in 2069. Therefore, the quest for creating age-friendly conditions and the promotion of active ageing has become a priority for the Hong Kong Government and stakeholders in the city. Using a cross-national comparative framework for productive engagement in later life, this article examines the predictors of productive engagement (perceived voluntary engagement) in two districts (the Islands and Tsuen Wan) of Hong Kong – a typical productivist welfare regime in Asia. Data were collected through a social survey to ascertain the perception of an age-friendly city and active ageing in 2016 and 2018 from 1,638 persons aged 60 years and older. The results indicate some differences in the perception of the key determinants in both districts, but the factors associated with productive engagement were consistent, namely social atmosphere, social provisions and the built environment. The findings are discussed within the broader discourse on social gerontology, age-friendly cities and productivist welfare regimes.

The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the age-friendly city as a response based on the challenges of demographic aging to maintain participation of the older adults in society. The purpose...

Objectives To document the trend in a quality of life indicator for the older Hong Kong population as an assessment of the impact of age friendly city policies, political conflicts and the covid-19 pandemic. Design Random telephone survey and collection of government data over four years (2017–2020). Setting Community living older people. Participants People aged 50 years and over. Measurements The Hong Kong Quality of Life Index covering four domains of in income security, health status, capability and enabling environment. Results From 2017–9, improvements were seen in various domains in parallel with the adoption of the World Health Organization’s Age Friendly City concept by government policy together with a territory wide initiative supported by a major philanthropic organization. However scores of all domains dropped markedly as a result of political conflicts as well as the onset of the pandemic. Conclusion The documentation of the trend in HKEQOL shows that while it may be used as a macro indicator that is able to reflect policies affecting the well-being of older people, it is also able to reflect the impact of societal unrest and pandemics, and that the latter may override the effect of existing ageing policies. It also follows that during social unrest and pandemics, specific policies targeting older people may be needed to maintain well-being.

Hosting large conferences and events often facilitates the transformation of a city by the government. Before the 9th BRICS Summit, the local government launched a systematic urban renovat...

The world population is aging fast and not all cities are prepared to cope with the needs of the elderly people. Cities need to develop strategies for senior citizens including the aspects of health, nutrition, consumer protection, housing, transportation, environment, social welfare, income, employment, safety, and education. The World Health Organization (WHO) created a program dedicated to older adults called the age-friendly city. This program is about creating the environment and opportunities that enable older people to be and do what they value throughout their lives. Most of the elderly population lives in urban spaces, and aging represents a challenge as well as opportunities to the cities all over the world. Recently, only 16 Brazilian cities have received the seal of international certification by meeting the requirements stipulated by the WHO. In the State of Sao Paulo, only two cities have been qualified for this seal. Therefore, the aims of this article are (a) to provide a brief history of this important initiative taken by the WHO and (b) to urge the decision-makers of Brazilian municipalities to develop effective initiatives for their cities to be prepared for this demographic modification. RESUMO A população mundial está envelhecendo rapidamente, e nem todas as cidades estão preparadas para lidar com as necessidades dessa população. As cidades devem desenvolver estratégias para os idosos, incluindo aspectos de saúde, nutrição, defesa do consumidor, habitação, transporte, meio ambiente, assistência social, renda, emprego, segurança e educação. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) possui um programa denominado “cidade amiga dos idosos”, cujos objetivos são preparar as cidades para o envelhecimento da população e minimizar os custos desse processo proporcionando a inserção ativa dos idosos na vida socioeconômica das cidades. A certificação (selo) de cidade amiga dos idosos pela OMS. A maioria da população idosa vive nos espaços urbanos, o que isso representa um desafio e um ambiente de oportunidades para as cidades. Um desafio, pois ao envelhecer ocorre uma maior demanda pelos cuidados em saúde e instituições de longa permanência. Por outro lado, a população idosa apresenta um potencial de ambiente de negócios específicos para essa faixa etária, como os setores de alimentação, educação, e setores de entretenimento. No Brasil, a população idosa responde por cerca de 20% do consumo nacional. Apenas 16 cidades brasileiras receberam esse selo de certificação internacional para atender aos requisitos estipulados pela OMS. No estado de São Paulo, apenas duas cidades foram qualificadas para a obtenção do selo. Portanto, os objetivos do presente artigo são a) fornecer um breve histórico desse importante programa da OMS; b) despertar nos gestores das cidades a vontade de desenvolver iniciativas efetivas para que as cidades estejam preparadas para um rápido envelhecimento populacional, que tenha potencial para contribuir com a sociedade em suas diferentes capacidades.

Background As the population pyramid in Iran shifts to aging and the influence of environmental conditions on the elderly people, the need to pay attention to the foundations of well-being, security and comfort is felt more than ever. Objective The present study aimed at evaluating the urban open spaces and public buildings/places of Qazvin city in Iran as indicators of an age-friendly city based on the perception of older people and managers. Methods This is a descriptive/analytical study conducted in 2017 on 200 older people and 40 urban managers. The older people were selected by a random cluster sampling technique, and managers by a convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were a demographic form and Ageing-Friendly City Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test. Findings The mean age of the elderly people was 68.32±6.48 years and for the managers, it was 40.28 ±5.94 years. The mean score of public buildings/places was 3.49±1.06 reported by the elderly group and 2.64±0.77 by the managers. For urban open spaces, it was 3.06±0.89 and 2.60±0.52, respectively. There was a significant difference between the opinions of two groups regarding the two surveyed indicators (P

By 2036, about 31% of Hong Kong’s population will be 65 or above. This situation triggers the need for an Age-Friendly City framework (AFC) to promote healthy ageing. In this paper, we present a st...

Four years after an age-friendly city (AFC) assessment across Indonesia, this article presents a comparative analysis of policy changes that have taken place across different AFC dimensions and factors associated with more and less change. Nine of fourteen cities initiated changes, ranging from public declarations, regulations, and creation or expansion of services. Our findings suggest that the AFC assessment can offer a means to engage policy makers, which in turn may facilitate city-level change, particularly for larger cities with more substantive budgets and more consolidated rather than dispersed leadership; however, no single factor represented a sufficient or necessary condition for change.

Malaysia is projected to become an aging nation in the year 2035. As a significant fraction of the elderly is anticipated to be residing in urban areas, therefore it is critically important for local and relevant government agencies to prepare the city environment for the increasing aging population. Age-friendly city is a concept emerged to address the urban aged population through various strategies. Although a significant number of studies were conducted on age-friendly cities, nevertheless, city features that are important to achieve the state of an age friendly city environment remain a subject for exploration. Therefore, this study primarily aims to document the development of the age-friendly features in various countries, in understanding common features that underlie its implementation. The research applies the deductive research approach that includes descriptive and content analyses. A total of 60 important features were commonly used across the report. The findings of the study provide significance as a key input for developing embedding age-friendly city development in Malaysia.

This chapter discusses the aging demographic in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and across Canada that is changing the way communities function. It examines the intersection of age and diversity that compound the daily experience of aging, which subject older adults to a 'double jeopardy' in accessing important spaces, services, and opportunities for health and wellbeing. It also mentions age-friendly community development, popularized by the World Health Organization's Age-Friendly Cities Guide, which encompasses an approach to the physical, social, and political fabric of cities and includes a careful consideration of older-adult lived experience. The chapter highlights the age-friendly development theory, which considers the social capital as a foundational component to healthy and sustainable aging infrastructure. It analyzes the experiences of two of the most at-risk or isolated communities among the overall older adult population in Saskatoon: the members of the LGBTQ community, and those experiencing physical or cognitive frailty.

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between cognitive function, the city’s social environment, and individual characteristics of older adults. The individual data of older people were from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2013–2016. The participants who were aged 65 and above were included in the analysis (n = 1356). City-level data were obtained for twenty cities in Taiwan. The data of city-level indicators were from governmental open data and Taiwan’s Age Friendly Environment Monitor Study. A multilevel mixed-effect model was applied in the analysis. Population density, median income, safety in the community, barrier-free sidewalks, high education rate of the population, low-income population rate, household income inequality, and elderly abuse rate were related to cognitive function in the bivariate analysis. When controlling for individual factors, the city’s low-income population rate was still significantly related to lower cognitive function. In addition, the participants who were at younger age, had a higher education level, had a better financial satisfaction, had worse self-rated health, had higher numbers of disease, and had better physical function had better cognitive function. Social and built environments associated with cognitive function highlight the importance of income security and the age friendliness of the city for older adults. Income security for older people and age-friendly city policies are suggested.

Nihal Arda Akyıldız, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi. – Fırat Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Elazığ, Türkiye – ORCID 0000-0003-1948-188X -- Emrah Akbaş, Prof. Dr. – Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sosyoloji Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye – ORCID 0000-0003-2807-4055 -- Sorumlu yazar e-mail adresi: naakyidiz@firat.edu.tr Kent, yaratıcı bütünselliğin estetik sembolü ve coğrafi bir pleksus olarak toplumsal eylem süreçlerine ve ekonomik organizasyonlara sahne olan makro yaşam düzlemidir. Kent bu yaşam düzlemini sürekli aktif tutarak büyüyen ontolojisiyle yaşayan bir organizma olarak varlığını sürdürmeye devam etmektedir. Kent, tarihsel süreç içinde evirilen fiziksel formu, yapısı, bileşenleri ve birbirleri arasındaki değişen ilişkileri konu alan kent morfolojisi önemli bir bilim dalı olarak, yaşayan kent organizmasını incelemektedir. Geçmişten bugüne kadar tarihi, kültürel ve sosyal değerlere ev sahipliği yapmış olan bu büyük organizma, tüm yerleşim alanları ile birlikte varlığını sürdürmektedir. Kentlerin tüm yerleşim alanlarının aktif olarak sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yaşama dâhil olması kent organizmasının sağlıklı ve kesintisiz çalışmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu nedenle kentsel morfoloji, kentin sahip olduğu nüfusun tüm gereksinimlerini karşılama ve değişen taleplere göre kenti şekillendirme esnekliğini sağlamadaki bileşenleri ile önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Hemen her ülkede nüfus yaşlanma konusunun yarattığı sorunlar, günümüzün trend konusu olan aktif yaş alma ve sağlıklı yaşlanma politikalarının geliştirilmesi yönünde olmuştur. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından aktif yaşlanma kavramını kabul görmüş, Avrupa’da 2012 yılı farkındalığı arttırmak üzere “Aktif Yaşlanma Yılı” olarak ilan edilmiştir. Yaşlanan nüfus için yürütülen politika ve stratejilerinin kentsel mekânları planlamadan gerçekleşmeyeceği gerçeğinin farkında olan WHO 2005 yılından itibaren, mimarlık ile birlikte kentsel tasarımı da gündeme alarak, yaş alanları içeren tüm kent kullanıcılarının yaşama katılım düzeyleri ile yaşam kalitelerini arttırmayı hedeflediği ‘Yaş Dostu Kentler’ (Age Friendly Cities) projesini hayata geçirmiştir. Bu proje, kentsel morfoloji içinde özellikle yaş alanların istek ve gereksinimlerini göz önünde bulundurarak, sosyal hayata katılımlarını kısıtlayan engelleri kaldırmayı, aynı zamanda da maksimum duyarlılıkla tasarlanmış mekânları kentin tüm kullanıcılarının hizmetine sunmayı hedeflemiştir. Çalışma yazarın doktora tezinden, yaş dostu kentlerin kentsel morfolojiyi biçimlendirmesi ile yaş alanların sosyal hayata katılım düzeylerini arttırmayı hedefleyen düzenlemelere katkı sunmak üzere makale haline getirilmiştir. The city is the aesthetic symbol of creative integrity and the macro-life plane that is the scene of social action processes and economic organizations as a geographical plexus. The city continues to exist as a living organism with its growing ontology by keeping this plane of life constantly active. Urban morphology, which deals with the physical form, structure, components that evolved in the historical process and the changing relations between each other, examines the living urban organism as an important discipline. This large organism, which has hosted historical, cultural and social values from the past to the present, continues its existence with all residential areas. The active involvement of all residential areas of cities in social, cultural and economic life helps the urban organism to function healthy and uninterrupted. Therefore, urban morphology has an important place with its components in meeting all the needs of the population of the city and providing the flexibility to shape the city according to changing demands. The problems caused by aging of the population in almost every country have been leading towards the development of active aging and healthy aging policies, which are the trend subject of today. The concept of active aging has been accepted by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the year 2012 in Europe has been declared as the “Active Aging Year” to raise awareness. Being aware of the fact that policies and strategies for the aging population will not be realized without planning urban spaces, WHO has put into practice the 'Age-Friendly Cities' project, which aims to increase the life quality of all city users including age areas, by putting urban design on the agenda as well as architecture. This project aims to remove the barriers that restrict the elderly participation in social life, taking into account their wishes and needs, especially in urban morphology, and at the same time to offer spaces designed with maximum sensitivity to the service of all users of the city. The study has been transformed into an article from the author's doctoral thesis to contribute to the regulations that aim to increase the participation level of the age groups in social life by shaping the urban morphology of age-friendly cities.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the age-friendliness status of 16 Korean cities and provinces using age-friendly indicators selected from our previous studies. In total, 52 indicators were used to focus on measurable indicators of physical environment in Korea’s present circumstances. The data employed to verify the age-friendly index were collated from regional statistics and studies by major Korean institutions. In order to compare the age-friendly index level, which consists of four primary areas, 10 sub-areas, and the 52 indicators, the indices of the 10 sub-areas were expressed as a spidergram. Despite limitations in the ability to ascertain details of present conditions and causes in each city and province due to the large scale of the survey, this study contributes to understanding the situation in 16 Korean cities and provinces based on age-friendly indicators and to providing a basic framework for periodic comparison. A more accurate and meaningful study would be possible if an analysis in relation to the size and characteristics of small- or medium-sized cities was included. Furthermore, the indicators selected from this study can be applied to other countries after revisions are made to reflect the individual circumstance in each country.

Objectives The process of development of age-friendly environments is one of the key challenges of policy makers. The aim of present study was to compare the elderly people’s and managers’ views towards age-friendly city indexes. Methods & Materials In this descriptive-analytic study, the attitudes of 379 older adults and 57 managers were compared. Data collection tool was WHO age-friendly cities indicators (2013). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency percentage) and gamma test using SPSS software V. 21.0. Results Of the 379 older adults, 64.9% (246 persons) were female. The mean age of the elderly was 68.31±8.25 years (minimum 60 and maximum 89 years). There were significant differences between older adults’ and managers’ views in 13 indicators of 21 indicators. The major indicators were evaluated ‘bad to very bad” from elderly people’s views. The significant difference from the managers’ views includes availability of source of information about health concerns and service needs of older persons (57% of elderly versus 14% of managers)(P=0.001). The policy-making status to guide the planning of new housing construction with regard to elderly person’s needs (57% of elderly versus 31.6% of managers)(P=0.014). Conclusion Collaboration of organizations’ custodian of elderly with older adults seems necessary in order to obtain the age-friendly city indexes.

The purpose of this study is to develop and adjust the age-friendly city checklist which is applicable to four boroughs in Seoul. The review indexes of the checklist were modified by the eligibility of the age friendly city and the data availability for the four boroughs of the national statistics. The final review indexes are 19 which are 7 indexes for external environment and buildings, 6 for transportation and 6 for housing facilities. Seocho-gu and Songpa-gu were predominant in 3 categories mostly but Gangdong-gu was superior to Gangnam-gu in pedestrian sound signal and urban park spaces. Second, in the transportation aspects, most of Gangdong-gu and Gangnam-gu are ranked high. However, Gangnam-gu was higher than the other three boroughs. Third, in the housing categories, Gangdonggu, Gangnamgu and Seochogu are ranked high in 3 categories mostly, but Gangnamgu showed the lowest value in the home ownership proportion item. The results of the study are expected to contribute to urban management data analysis to prepare for various demands of the aging society in which the elderly population is continuously increasing.

The permanent increase in the proportion of persons aged 65 and over in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is hardly recognized as an issue that deserves due public attention. Compared to those cities striving for standards of age‑friendly urban environment proposed by World Health Organization (WHO), social conditions for active ageing in BiH capital Sarajevo are evidently suboptimal. Since ageing is at the same time an individual process, the main purpose of the paper is to examine satisfaction with the quality of life among senior citizens through a survey. The research was carried out on a sample of 103 older persons who are users of four existing centres for healthy ageing in the city. In addition to the semi‑structured questionnaire, semi‑structured interviews with senior citizens and coordinators at centres for healthy ageing were also conducted. Senior citizens – most of them a generation of Baby‑boomers – were asked questions regarding income, loneliness, family relationships, social participation, leisure, life satisfaction, physical environment as well as mobility. In doing so, some topic areas of age‑friendliness, such as social participation, outdoor spaces and public transportation in Sarajevo have been evaluated. Contrary to assumptions, respondents are quite content with their social life. Nevertheless, apart from enhancing of older people’s social inclusion in general, various structural changes are necessary in order to convert Sarajevo into a more age‑friendly city. The establishment of centres for healthy ageing is certainly a step forward in that direction.

본 연구의 목적은 지금까지 사회 · 복지를 중심으로 연구되었던 도시의 고령친화 평가지표에서 벗어나 물리적 환경 중심의 지표를 개발하고자 하였다. 국내 선행연구들의 지표는 WHO(World Health Organization)의 고령친화도시 가이드라인에 의한 것이며 주관적인 설문조사에 의존하고 있어, 다른 지역에 동일한 조건으로 적용이 어렵게 개발되었다. 그래서 고령자의 실생활에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 물리적 환경 중심의 객관적이며 측정 가능한 지표를 개발하고자 하였다. 국내외 선행연구에서 선별된 1차 지표(157개) 중 국내 주요기관들로부터 자료구득이 가능한 2차 지표(55개)를 만60세 이상 167명을 대상으로 고령친화와의 관련성에 대해 설문조사하였다. 고령자 입장에서 바라본 최종 지표는 총 52개이며 물리적 환경(22개), 건강 · 복지(11개), 사회(9개), 경제(10개) 영역으로 구분하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 고령친화도시 지표를 활용하여 지역별 수준을 진단하고, 부족한 지표의 관련된 분야를 보완하는 사업에 우선순위를 부여함으로써 지역특성에 맞는 바람직한 고령친화 정책개발이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

This paper is based on the research project – “LONGEVICITY” - carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Milan, which looks at the cities of the future as highly populated by long-living active people and innovative technological facilities. The project is conducted by a multidisciplinary research approach to study how to support social inclusion of elderlies’ living in urban environments by enhancing their active walking. The whole process will engage participants (senior citizens) and stakeholders in a human-centred design approach. In this paper we will present the results from the preliminary research activities carried out: case studies and territorial observations. The first activity was oriented to investigate and select innovative solutions to enhance the mobility of elderly pedestrians and to improve their (social) lives. The second one helped us in better framing the design context of action and assessing at, a microscopic level, the degree of walkability of specific territorial areas.

Depok, as one of the largest cities in Indonesia, has great potential to be an age-friendly city. Before the formation of age-friendly city is established, eight dimensions of age-friendly cities had been studied by the World Health Organization in 2013, but since 2013 these dimensions have not been assessed. The study aimed to assess the preparedness of Depok to be an age-friendly city with a qualitative approach from the stakeholders’ point of view. This study used a qualitative design involving 50 informants through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion techniques using purposive sampling. The findings indicate that Depok was deemed not yet prepared to be an age-friendly city due to an abundance of infrastructure deficiencies. There were not many changes in the facilities, such as infrastructure improvements in age-friendly city indicators and existing Regional Regulations of age-friendly cities, except for buildings and open green spaces. In general, Depok still needs time to achieve the age-friendly city where the community will have a good place to live, grow, and age in it.

This study aims to investigate older adults’ perceptions of the age-friendliness of Busan. A total of 1000 older adults were recruited sampled using stratified random methods. The respondents in the study showed relatively low levels of age-friendliness in civic participation and employment, social participation, communication and information, respect and social inclusion, and housing. However, the levels of age-friendliness for community support and health, outdoor spaces and buildings, and transportation were comparatively high. Based on the findings of this study, several implications for urban policy are discussed.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the age friendly city indicators in Mashhad by using World Health Organization standards and specialised researches done in line with age-friendly city...

This study aims to identify the typology of city-level active aging and age-friendliness across cities in Taiwan and examine their effects on well-being in terms of life satisfaction (aged 55 and over) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (aged 65 and over) among older adults. The data were from the 2017 Taiwan Senior Citizen Condition Survey. Available indicators of Taiwan&rsquo, s Active Aging Index and city age-friendliness were selected, and mixed linear models were analyzed. Active aging cities were classified into four categories&mdash, content, developed, participatory, and pioneer&mdash, and age-friendly cities into insecure, infrastructural, and tranquil. Life satisfaction was rated higher in content and participatory cities compared with the pioneer city, and related to individuals&rsquo, active aging status. Physical HRQoL was rated higher in infrastructural and tranquil cities, compared with insecure cities. City types of active aging and age-friendliness have different effects on well-being, but the effects are weaker than those of individuals&rsquo, characteristics.

The use of agent-based simulation systems can provide an innovative framework to support the design of age-friendly cities, focusing on walkability assessment. This is aimed at managing the complex interaction between elderly pedestrians and vehicles at zebra crossings, in which the compliance to traffic norms plays a fundamental role. The data of an observation performed at a non-signalized intersection are presented to provide useful insights for supporting the future development of agent-based models. Results focus on drivers’ compliance to crossing pedestrians, describing potentially conflictual interactions among heterogeneous agents. The discussion closes with the potential applications of the collected data set for modelling the phenomenon.

The use of agent-based simulation systems can provide an innovative framework to support the design of age-friendly cities, focusing on walkability assessment. This is aimed at managing the complex interaction between elderly pedestrians and vehicles at zebra crossings, in which the compliance to traffic norms plays a fundamental role. The data of an observation performed at a non-signalized intersection are presented to provide useful insights for supporting the future development of agent-based models. Results focus on drivers’ compliance to crossing pedestrians, describing potentially conflictual interactions among heterogeneous agents. The discussion closes with the potential applications of the collected data set for modelling the phenomenon.

Recent years have seen a proliferation of initiatives aimed at enhancing the age-friendliness of urban settings. The World Health Organization's (WHO) global Age-Friendly Cities (AFC) programme has been central to these. Cities seeking to become more age-friendly need reliable ways of assessing their efforts. This article describes an evidence-based evaluation tool for age-friendly initiatives whose development was informed by fieldwork in Liverpool/UK. The tool complements existing assessment frameworks, including those provided by WHO, by paying particular attention to the structures and processes underlying age-friendly initiatives. It reflects the complexity of age-friendliness by reconciling a focus on breadth with detail and depth, and it allows for a highly accessible visual presentation of findings. Using selected examples from Liverpool, the article illustrates how the evaluation tool can be applied to guide policy and practice with an age-friendly focus in different urban contexts. Pilot testing in further settings is underway to refine the tool as a practical method for evaluation and for supporting city-level decision making. Key words: Age-Friendly City; evaluation tool; ageing; urbanisation; complex interventions

Background: Population aging is one of the challenges of the 21st century in the world, and in Iran. Elderly people should be able to participate in social activities befitting their age and be respected. In the last ten years, following the efforts of the WHO to develop the age-friendly Program, the age-friendly community s movements have attracted the attention of policymakers. So, this study was carried out with the aim to investigate the comparison of Shahindezh city with the standard indices of Elderly-friendly City. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented in 100 elders (above 60 years) referring to health centers of Shahindezh city, Nov-Dec 2018. Samples were selected through multi-stage sampling from 3 health centers of the city. Inclusion criteria were age over 60 years and living in Shahindezh. The WHO standard questionnaire was used; its validity has been confirmed. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and T-test was used to compare the mean of the indices. Results: A total of 100 elderly people participated in this study. Their average age was 72.41 ± 9.81, with the most (35%) at 65 years old. 46% of them were male. The results show that among the social, communicational, cultural-health and health indices, the highest percentage of dissatisfaction was related to the lack of computer and Internet educational facilities for the elderly, the inadequacy of urban furniture for the elderly. Also, the necessary training is not given to families for the care of the elderly. Findings also show that the average of all the criteria (social, communicative, cultural-psychological, and health) is lower than the standards. Conclusions: It is suggested that policymakers plan to increase the indices with the least average compared to the standard and thus provide welfare and health to the elderly. Keywords: Age-friendly cities, Aging, Shahindezh, Iran

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the global indices of age-friendly city in Tehran, which have been developed by World Health Organization. Finally, the design solutions carried out based on the successful works in other countries will be presented for city of Tehran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, World Health Organization’s standard questionnaire was duplicated in 110 copies and given to urban designers and planners, rehabilitation specialists, doctors, nurses, and other aging-related professionals and experts. Then, the resulting data were imported into SPSS22 software and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. FINDINGS: The results indicated that, among 8 indices of age-friendly city including open spaces and buildings, transportation, housing, social participation, respect and social inclusion of the elderly, citizen participation and employment of the elderly, communication and information facilities, as well as health and local services, transportation factor had a more favorable condition in Tehran for the elderly and citizen participation and employment index was very inappropriate for them. CONCLUSION: It can be said that urban designers and researchers should deal with the planning of housing and buildings’ open spaces in a more detailed manner in their future works and pursue more accurate plans and programs in this regard. This study aims to only evaluate the mentioned issue, and special and detailed research is expected to be conducted on these two subjects in the future.

Chapter 10 explores what it means to use a ‘capability’ approach to designing an age-friendly city, including its potential for offering new ways of producing and occupying physical and social environments that respond directly to the lived experiences of older people. Drawing on a interdisciplinary community engaged research/urban design project in Manchester, UK, the chapter examines the applicability of AFCC design guidance within a specific urban neighbourhood, and explores how the process of discovering and sharing information about the lived experience of older residents translates into the development and implementation of age-friendly activities focused around urban design.

A majority of urban residents in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and other developing regions live in informal settlements, or slums. Much of the discourse on slum health centres on younger generations, while an intensifying agenda on healthy ageing as yet lacks a systematic focus on slums. Similarly, the global age-friendly cities (AFC) movement does not, thus far, extend to slums. This paper examines the particular challenges that a slum-focused age-friendly initiative in SSA may need to address, and the relevance of present AFC indicators and domains for initiatives to advance the health and well-being of older slum dwellers. The analysis builds on the case of two slum communities in Nairobi, Kenya. It analyzes two bodies of relevant evidence from these settlements, namely on the health and social circumstances of older residents, and on the local application and measurement of AFC indicators. The findings point to a set of unsurprising, but also less obvious, core health and social adversities that an age-friendly initiative in such settlements would need to consider. The findings show, further, that the current AFC domains and indicators framework only partly capture these adversities, but that there is potential for adapting the framework to be meaningful for slum settings. The paper concludes by underscoring the need for, and opportunities inherent in, the pursuit of an "age-friendly slums" initiative going forward.

Funded by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust, the baseline assessment, including a survey and focus groups, was conducted between July 2015 and February 2016 across Hong Kong. Community-dwelling adults aged 18+ were invited to respond to a structured questionnaire and give views on eight domains of age-friendliness (outdoor spaces and buildings, transportation, housing, social participation, respect and social inclusion, civic participation and employment, communication and information, and community support and health services) as suggested by the World Health Organization. Socio-demographics, self-rated health, use of community center, and sense of community were also collected.