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In the uncertainty fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic, mergers and acquisitions (M&As) have emerged as key strategic responses by firms. This study explores the impact of M&As on acquirers' firm value, utilizing a firm-level panel dataset from SDC Platinum. Empirical evidence recognizes the potential negative impact of transaction value in M&As and the pandemic's effect on market volatility that may occasionally exacerbate the adverse influence on acquirers' firm value. The findings indicate that effective marketing strategies, such as enhancing consumer awareness through increasing advertising expenditures, can counterbalance these influences, particularly during uncertain times. This study accentuates the importance of adaptability and a responsive marketing approach in managing M&As during a global crisis. It provides valuable perspectives on consumer awareness in strategic decision-making, offering insights for both academic and business communities and focusing on actionable strategies for navigating the global market turmoil transformed by COVID-19.

This research focuses on the role of advertising expenditure in determining the success of a product and its impact on the rate of product sales. We introduce the concept of change-point, which considers fluctuations in the adoption rate due to shifts in advertising strategies and competitor dynamics. The product diffusion models incorporating advertising expenditure and change-points are proposed and validated using two real-world product advertising and sales datasets. The models's accuracy and applicability has been assessed through R 2 (coefficient of determination) and mean square error (MSE). By investigating the relationship between advertising expenditure, change-point, and product sales, this study provides valuable insights for marketing and advertising strategies, aiding in better decision-making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper investigates the influence of advertising expenditure on the sales of the textile industry in Pakistan. The study delves into the correlation between advertising expenditure and sales of the textile industry in Pakistan and finds out does advertising expenditure have an impact on the sales of the textile industry in Pakistan. In the course of this research, a global market overview was presented, and three textile firms were selected to test the hypothesis. The data was collected from customers of the selected industry, as well as marketing and sales managers from the selected companies. Interviews with the three managers and an analysis of 550 questionnaires were conducted to support the research findings. The collected data from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The results revealed that there is a positive link between advertising expenditure and sales in the textile industry. The study provides valuable insights for textile industry players in Pakistan on the importance of advertising expenditure in generating sales and enhancing market share. This research also serves as a basis for future research on the impact of advertising on other industries in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aims to investigate the moderating role of liquidity in the relationship between accounting and advertising expenditures and the financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan. Furthermore, the present paper highlights the importance of managing expenditures and improving financial performance. Since the performance of Jordanian SMEs is extremely critical, furthermore, the present paper explores the possibility of empowering these businesses in order to achieve profitability. This paper is based on descriptive statistics, regression, and correlation analysis in order to analyze the data, collecting secondary data from 200 SMEs. The results demonstrate that accounting expenditures are key factors for financial performance, especially in SMEs. Moreover, SMEs are more sensitive to liquidity challenges, which significantly impact their short-term expenditure and consequently influence their financial performance. It is evident that accounting expenditures moderated by liquidity have a positive effect on the financial performance of SMEs. However, our findings indicate a negative effect regarding the relationship between advertising expenditures and financial performance. According to the results of this study, regulators may offer new regulations and legislation in the future to the Ministry of Finance and the Amman Stock Exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary focus of this study is to investigate the impact of advertising expenditure on firm performance. In light of the existing literature, this study considers four proxies of firm performance i.e., Sales (SLS), Return on Assets (ROA), Market-to-Book Ratio (MBR) and Market Capitalization (MC). The sample data for the purpose of estimation consists of 100 listed companies selected randomly from Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) during 2005–2018. The results show that advertising spending has a significantly positive impact on firm's performance. This is also true for lagged value of advertising, where the results show significant positive relationship of lagged advertising on firm performance. This study supports the signaling effect of advertising expenditure on performance of Pakistani firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aims to investigate the moderating role of liquidity in the relationship between accounting and advertising expenditures and the financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan. Furthermore, the present paper highlights the importance of managing expenditures and improving financial performance. Since the performance of Jordanian SMEs is extremely critical, furthermore, the present paper explores the possibility of empowering these businesses in order to achieve profitability. This paper is based on descriptive statistics, regression, and correlation analysis in order to analyze the data, collecting secondary data from 200 SMEs. The results demonstrate that accounting expenditures are key factors for financial performance, especially in SMEs. Moreover, SMEs are more sensitive to liquidity challenges, which significantly impact their short-term expenditure and consequently influence their financial performance. It is evident that accounting expenditures moderated by liquidity have a positive effect on the financial performance of SMEs. However, our findings indicate a negative effect regarding the relationship between advertising expenditures and financial performance. According to the results of this study, regulators may offer new regulations and legislation in the future to the Ministry of Finance and the Amman Stock Exchange.

In this paper, we investigate the impact of ownership structure on corporate advertising expenditures. Using mutual fund mergers as an exogenous shock to ownership structure, we find that competing firms owned by the same institutional blockholders experience a significant reduction in advertising expenditure. The reduction in advertising expenditure is more likely to occur in the presence of higher coordination benefits or lower coordination costs. Specifically, this effect is more pronounced for firms in more competitive industries, in higher advertising-intensity industries, with greater common ownership, with more concentrated institutional ownership, and with headquarters located in the same state. Overall, our empirical evidence indicates that ownership by common institutional investors significantly affects corporate advertising strategy. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores relationships between annual advertising expenditure and major macroeconomic variables in Nigeria. Advertising is sometimes viewed as a concern of business units only not worth being researched at macroeconomic level. This nature has been mostly studied on advertising industries in the advanced economies. Due to a lack of high frequency time series data on advertising expenditure in the developing economies, this work has been limited to an exploratory study using the multiple regression and correlation analysis. The study covers the period of 2001 to 2018. Its findings show that advertising has positive relationship with GDP and savings. This study provides further evidence on the cyclical nature of advertising that moves with the state of the economy. During the economic slowdown in the period of 2015 to 2017, Nigeria advertising expenditure continued to fall. In 2013, the period with the highest advertising revenue in the study, the ratio of advertising expenditure as percentage of GDP accounted for 0.061%, which was below 0.2%, a very negligible number indicating more scope for growth in the market.

The present paper attempts to analyze the growth pattern in advertising expenditure and profitability as well as the linkage between them in selected fifty companies which were selected by taking top five companies from each of the ten selected industries in the Indian manufacturing sector for the period 2002 to 2016. In this study return on capital employed (ROCE) was taken as the overall profitability measure. A recursive simultaneous equation framework as suggested by the outcome derived from the endogenity test was used in explaining the variation of ROCE as well as advertising expenditure on the basis of some identified explanatory variables. The study found that, inter-industry variation of advertisement expenditure gradually stepped up over time. The overall regression results revealed that FATR, ITR, DTR and CTR had significant positive influence on the profitability while MS and estimated ROCE significantly influenced the advertising expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]