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Smart Grid (SG) enlarges the traditional power grid into a new dimension where millions of electronic devices relate to each other through Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMI) network using information and communication technology (ICT). The integration of ICT to the traditional power grid opens the path for the adversaries to invade through various cyber-attacks. Resource constrained electronic devices connected in AMI with the SG claims for faster, low power, less processing time and overall lightweight security schemes to prevent the cyber-attacks and to make the grid secure from adversaries. In this paper, a lightweight security scheme has been proposed consolidating ChaCha20 data encryption method, chaos based key generation and public key-based authentication scheme. Mathematical analysis shows that the proposed scheme is suitable to be used in SGs in terms of low power, less processing time and high throughput which makes it lightweight and faster. This scheme also prevents any kind of timing attacks such as replay attack.

[ES] La red eléctrica inteligente, o Smart Grid, se basa en combinar las tecnologías de información y comunicación con la automatización y control. Ofrece una solución para incrementar la eficiencia energética monitorizando los nodos conectados a la red, para así responder automáticamente ante la fluctuación de la demanda energética. AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) es un sistema integrado en la red eléctrica que permite la medida mediante la comunicación bidireccional entre puntos finales, cubriendo grandes áreas y distancias con un gran número de nodos (cerca de mil). La solución AMI de MaxLinear ofrece ciertas ventajas respecto otras tecnologías para la red de baja tensión: nodos Plug-and-Play, ancho de banda, medida de consumo en nodos finales, robustez, integración sencilla en la red actual y conectividad IP extremo a extremo. Un entorno de validación automática hace posible ejecutar un conjunto de pruebas dentro de un entorno controlado, haciendo posible encontrar fallos en el producto antes de pasar a producción. Haciendo uso de un servidor de integración continua automática (Jenkins), un framework de validación para realizar pruebas de desarrollo y aceptación (Robot Framework) de firmware, y software de control de versiones (Git) para el mantenimiento de archivos de código., [EN] The Smart Grid is based on combining information and communication technologies with automation and control. It offers a solution to increase energy efficiency by monitoring the nodes connected to the network, in order to automatically respond to fluctuations in energy demand. AMI (Advanced metering infrastructure) is an integrated system in the electrical network that allows measurement through bidirectional communication between endpoints, covering large areas and distances with a large number of nodes (close to one thousand). MaxLinear s AMI solution offers certain advantages over other technologies for the low voltage network: Plug-and-Play nodes, bandwidth, consumption measurement in end nodes, robustness, simple integration in the current network and end-to-end IP connectivity. An automatic validation environment makes it possible to run a set of tests within a controlled environment, making it possible to find faults in the product before going into production. Making use of an automatic continuous integration server (Jenkins), a validation framework to perform development and acceptance tests (Robot Framework) of firmware, and version control software (Git) for the maintenance of code files.

This paper primarily deals with the design of an Information and Control Technology (ICT) network for an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) on the IEEE 34 node radial distribution network. The application is comprised of 330 smart meters deployed in the low voltage system and 33 data concentrators in the medium voltage system. A power line carrier (PLC) communication system design is developed and simulated in Network Simulator 3 (NS-3). The simulation result is validated by comparing the communication network performance with the minimum performance requirements for AMI. The network delay of a single data frame is calculated and compared with the simulation delay. The design methodology proposed in this article may be used for other smart grid applications. The secondary goal is to provide AMI network traffic based on the IEC Std. 61968 and a discussion on whether or not AMI could possibly be a source of big data on the future power grid.

Implementation of advanced metering of gas and water consumption is an ongoing challenge in some developing countries. After a review of the literature, five strategies of advanced metering that could be implemented for increasing the use of advanced metering were identified, considering Brazil as a case study: transfer of the ownership of metering instruments from utilities to other users, establishment of a metering service provider, development of a metering systems inspection agent, use of prepaid systems operated by condominiums and methods for data transmission for on-site remote meter reading. To assess the feasibility of each strategy, fourteen experts from utility companies and companies involved in the implementation of remote and individual metering systems were interviewed. After a content analysis and validation of the experts' responses, strategies for implementing advanced utility metering were proposed, that entail relatively simple actions that may be accomplished by local players involved directly in metering activities Resumen: Implementación de medición avanzada del consumo de gas y de agua es un desafío permanente en algunos países en desarrollo. Después de una revisión de la literatura, se identificaron cinco estrategias de medición avanzada que se podrían implementar para aumentar el uso de la medición avanzada, considerando a Brasil como un estudio de caso: la transferencia de la propiedad de los instrumentos de medición de los servicios públicos para los demás usuarios, creación de un proveedor de servicios de medición, el desarrollo de un agente de la inspección de los sistemas de medición, el uso de sistemas de prepago operados por condominios e implementar métodos para la transmisión de datos de las instalaciones a través de lectura remota de medidores. Para evaluar la viabilidad de cada estrategia, se entrevistó a catorce expertos de las empresas de servicios públicos y las empresas que participan en la implementación de sistemas de medición remotos e individuales. Después de un análisis de contenido y la validación de las respuestas de los expertos, se propone estrategias para la implementación de la medición avanzada que impliquen acciones relativamente simples y que pueden ser realizadas por los agentes locales que están participando directamente en las actividades de medición Aberto

Zastarjeli načini distribucije električne energije ukazao je na mnoge nedostatke te se pojavila potreba za boljim sistemom. Napredna mjerenja i pametne mreže omogućuju suvremeniji način distribucije i kontrole električne energije s brojim prednostima. U ovom radu je opisan razvoj pametnog brojila, princip naprednog mjerenja električne energije i primjena u stvarnim projektima. Prikazano je stanje na projektima pametnog mjerenja kako u Europi tako i u Hrvatskoj The electricity distribution has shown many disadvantages over the years and a need for a better system has emerged. Advanced measurements and smart networks provide a more modern way of distributing and controlling electricity with numerous benefits. This paper describes the development of a smart meter, the principle of advanced metering of electricity and its application in real projects. The state of smart measurement projects is presented in both Europe and Croatia

Water is an important natural resource and a building block to all life on earth. However, substantial increase in water demand and consumption has led to numerous nations, including South Africa, to face water scarcity. Improved water demand management strategies and water monitoring approaches are imperative. In South Africa, it's a legal requirement for all water supply points to be metered. Currently, water flow is primarily measured by conventional meters. However, substantial developments have been noted in the last two decades where conventional meters with added capabilities (such as communication capabilities) added have been introduced. These meters are known as advanced water meters. These capabilities offer functions such as leakage detection and more immediate consumption feedback. However, advanced meters also have significant disadvantages such as require high start-up capital and are susceptible to higher failure rates than conventional meters. It remains to be seen if advanced metering technology is an appropriate technology to be adopted in South Africa. Due to the different dynamics of South Africa's income level groups, the metering application and effects will differ for each income level group. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of implementing advanced metering systems in high income areas in South Africa. An evaluation framework was developed to gauge the viability of implementing advanced metering systems on four performance criteria; technical, economic, environmental and social. The composite indicator framework template was selected as it was not tailor made for a specific reason and could be adapted for this research. The necessary framework input parameter data were acquired from practitioners in the field through questionnaires and from literature. Due to lack of advanced metering case studies in South Africa (except for prepaid meter), literature from developed countries were used as proxies. The input data entailed details of the current metering system, advanced metering system and new conventional metering system with the later used as a control for comparative purposes. The typical high-income scenario was derived from typical input data. For each input parameter, there were value ranges from the low parameter value to high parameter value. These ranges were used to conduct the sensitivity analysis on the framework to access critical input parameters to the success or failure of implementation Implementing advanced metering systems in high income areas in South Africa was found to be less economically viable than conventional meters. This is due to the lack of needed infrastructure for advanced metering as well as high initial capital costs and high operating costs. Advanced meters however proved to be more environmentally viable than conventional meters as they offered higher reduction in consumption. However, the manner in which faulty batteries are disposed could lead to environmental damage. Social factors were considered negligible for high income areas as revolts to introduction to new meters arises from financial constraints that those meters might induce. Further research with more South Africa based case studies and smaller scale advanced metering systems has been recommended.

Implementation of advanced metering of gas and water consumption is an ongoing challenge in some developing countries. After a review of the literature, five strategies of advanced metering that could be implemented for increasing the use of advanced metering were identified, considering Brazil as a case study: transfer of the ownership of metering instruments from utilities to other users, establishment of a metering service provider, development of a metering systems inspection agent, use of prepaid systems operated by condominiums and methods for data transmission for on-site remote meter reading. To assess the feasibility of each strategy, fourteen experts from utility companies and companies involved in the implementation of remote and individual metering systems were interviewed. After a content analysis and validation of the experts' responses, strategies for implementing advanced utility metering were proposed, that entail relatively simple actions that may be accomplished by local players involved directly in metering activities. Implementación de medición avanzada del consumo de gas y de agua es un desafío permanente en algunos países en desarrollo. Después de una revisión de la literatura, se identificaron cinco estrategias de medición avanzada que se podrían implementar para aumentar el uso de la medición avanzada, considerando a Brasil como un estudio de caso: la transferencia de la propiedad de los instrumentos de medición de los servicios públicos para los demás usuarios, creación de un proveedor de servicios de medición, el desarrollo de un agente de la inspección de los sistemas de medición, el uso de sistemas de prepago operados por condominios e implementar métodos para la transmisión de datos de las instalaciones a través de lectura remota de medidores. Para evaluar la viabilidad de cada estrategia, se entrevistó a catorce expertos de las empresas de servicios públicos y las empresas que participan en la implementación de sistemas de medición remotos e individuales. Después de un análisis de contenido y la validación de las respuestas de los expertos, se propone estrategias para la implementación de la medición avanzada que impliquen acciones relativamente simples y que pueden ser realizadas por los agentes locales que están participando directamente en las actividades de medición.

Diplomsko delo obravnava meritve električne energije, ki morajo zagotavljati čim bolj točne merilne rezultate. V razvoju sodobne elektrotehnike se je sistem posodobil iz indukcijskih merilnikov električne energije v pametne elektronske merilnike električne energije. Cilj diplomskega dela je ugotoviti prednosti »pametnega« elektronskega števca in spoznati njegove prednosti za analizo končnih podatkov ter uporabnost izmerjenih podatkov za analizo elektroenergetskega sistema. Diploma thesis deals with measurements of electrical energy, which should provide the most accurate measurement results. In the development of measurement system the system was updated from induction electrical energy meters into smart electronic electrical energy meters. The aim of the thesis is to determine the benefits of »smart« electronic counter and realize its advantages for the analysis of the final data and the usefulness of measured data for the analysis of power system.

In our opinion, this public debate about Smart Grids (SG) ignores some important aspects of its real implementation. The most important aspect is realistic cost benefit analysis (CBA) which can be seen as a correct methodology for investment efficiency valuation. Our proposed methodology for CBA for SG implementation is mentioned and discussed in this paper. According to our research involvement of brand new customer tariffs show up to be necessary inputs for CBA. It is truth that some pilot projects for mapping of particular technical devices are today in experimental operation. These projects does not use any cpecial smart tariff, which is according to us also incorrect. In other words pilot projects which are operated regardless to the market conditions and smart tariffs are therefore incomplete and not viable. In more detail our paper collects basic information about costs and benefits of SG implementation and these information are utilized by the means of our systematic approach. The SG implementation process is explained by our methodology as a system with feedback. Finally the proposed methodology is applied and proven on a specific case of electricity accumulation in the environment of Czech Republic.

To support the transition towards an energy system that is based 100 percent on renewable energy sources, the smart grid is presently undergoing rapid development in Denmark – a hype that can also be seen in the rest of the world. Many actors are playing in the field, and the present situation is characterized by great uncertainty as to the direction of the development. The paper focuses on the role of households in the smart grid visions proposed by a broad range of stakeholders. It has two aims: first, to sort out the threads of the discussion; what visions are formulated regarding the role of households in the smart grid? What visions are articulated for the functionalities of the smart home? Secondly, we critically investigate these visions to explore if they support the development of sustainable energy consumption. We claim that the smart home in the smart grid is the latest addition to a family of ideas emerging in relation to the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the home. The smart home is thus a melting pot of such different trends as automation of household chores, entertainment and energy management. These different ingredients of the melting pot co-evolve, we argue, and we suggest that the co-evolution may well have negative consequences for the overall energy impact of the transition. The smart grid could become a dynamic that constructs and normalizes new energy-demanding practices and facilitates escalating expectations to comfort. This paper only begins the exploration of the reported discussions; much more research in this area needs to be done.