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Although caregiving responsibilities and need for support persist and evolve across the life course in families with autistic youth or youth with other developmental disabilities (DDs), little is known about support during their childs adulthood years. Therefore, the present study used a mixed-methods approach to examine change and stability in formal and informal family support across the transition to adulthood. Caregivers of 126 individuals with autism or DDs completed a modified version of the Family Support Scale, including open-ended questions, at five time points from adolescence (age 16) into young adulthood (age 22). Caregivers reported that informal support from family members was the most frequently used, helpful, and valued source of support with relative stability across time. In contrast, the reported helpfulness, use, and value of formal support (e.g., professionals, schools) for caregivers declined over time. Qualitative content analyses revealed characteristics of highly valued support included support type (e.g., instrumental or emotional) and features of the support source (e.g., their understanding). There was a shift to valuing emotional support more than instrumental support over time, especially for caregivers of less able adults. Partnership and dependability emerged as highly valued features of the support source. These findings fit within a social convoy perspective and likely reflect the service cliff experienced by autistic individuals or people with DDs and their families. As social networks shrink over time and formal services are less readily available in adulthood, remaining sources of support, particularly from family members, become increasingly important.

Purpose: Restricted and repetitive behaviours are a core feature of autism diagnoses but have not been widely studied in adulthood. This study examined the rates of and associations between repetitive behaviours and sensory sensitivity in autistic and non-autistic adults; and whether repetitive behaviours described as "stimming" impacted coping with difficulties (self-efficacy). Methods: Diagnosed autistic (n = 182), undiagnosed autistic (n = 163) and non-autistic (n = 146) adults completed online measures of repetitive behaviours, sensory sensitivity, and self-efficacy for when able and not able to stim. Results: Repetitive behaviours and sensory sensitivity correlated significantly in each group, although ratings were higher in autistic compared to non-autistic groups. When people were able to stim, no differences between the groups were observed on self-efficacy ratings. However when unable to stim, autistic people reported lower self-efficacy than non-autistic people. Conclusions: Results suggest that repetitive behaviours are significantly associate with sensory sensitivities. Rather than repetitive behaviours being viewed as negative, stimming was associated with increased self-efficacy. Results suggest that stimming may have beneficial effects. Further work is needed to better understand how repetitive behaviours and stimming manifest in adulthood, how they change over time and their effects for autistic adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the outcome of goal attainment in individual and group-based neuropsychological intervention for young adults with dyslexia. Participants (N = 120) were randomly assigned to individual intervention, group intervention, or wait-list control group. Attainment of goals set personally before the intervention was evaluated after the intervention using Goal Attainment Scaling. The participants were asked to report the number of concrete changes made in their study or working habits at five months (after intervention or wait-list control time), at ten months, and 15 months post-interventions. Potential predictive factors for predicting goal attainment were evaluated including background and cognitive variables, self-reported psychological variables (mood, cognitive and behavioral strategies, self-esteem, quality of life), and self-reported behavioral variables (concrete changes made, time used to work on intervention matters). Based on the results, personal goals were, on average, met especially in individual intervention. Nearly 50% of goal attainment was explained by intervention type, behavioral and cognitive strategies, concrete changes made, cognitive capacity, and used time. Concrete changes, e.g., adopting new strategies and methods in study or working habits, were reported in both interventions and more than during the wait-list control period. The changes seemed long-lasting as fifteen months post-intervention, 76.4% reported still using the learned strategies. A structured and relatively short neuropsychological intervention for dyslexia in either individual or group format can lead to attaining pre-set personal goals and positive behavioral changes that can last up to over a year post-intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

\nIntroduction: Drug use is a significant health, economic and social concern globally. Research indicates that personality traits are crucial in explaining drug use. This paper contributes to the expanding literature by exploring how personality traits at age 10 affect the likelihood of having used any drug at age 30. Methods: Data were extracted from the British Cohort Study 1970. The Big Five dimensions were derived by aggregating items related to distinct traits. Furthermore, probit regression analysis was conducted to ascertain the relationship between personality traits at age 10 and drug use by age 30. Results: Children with low levels of conscientiousness, or agreeableness; or high levels of extraversion, or internal locus of control at the age of 10 are more likely to use any drug in adulthood. In addition, significant differences were observed across gender and types of drugs. Conclusions: These findings suggest that early personality traits play a pivotal role in predicting the likelihood of drug use in adulthood. The results interest policymakers, as they could guide the implementation of personality-targeted interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of specific personality traits. For instance, emotional regulation training could benefit children with low conscientiousness; while stimulating activities such as sports, creative arts, or music could engage children with high extraversion. Drug use presents significant concerns for health, economics, and society globally. Research highlights the pivotal role of personality traits in understanding drug use. This study aims to contribute to the existing literature by exploring how personality traits at age 10 correlate with drug use at age 30. Utilizing data from the British Cohort Study 1970, we obtained five personality traits from both teacher-completed and self-completion questionnaires when participants were 10 years old. The relationship between personality traits and drug use was examined by employing a probit model. Children exhibiting lower levels of conscientiousness/agreeableness or higher levels of extraversion/internal locus of control at age 10 were more inclined to engage in drug use in adulthood. Moreover, significant differences based on gender and the types of drugs used were observed. These findings might be valuable to policymakers, as they could introduce interventions tailored to specific personality traits to mitigate their adverse effects. For instance, they could offer emotional regulation training for children with low levels of conscientiousness or engage children with high extraversion in stimulating activities such as sports, creative arts, or music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal study assessed the prospective link between childhood maltreatment and sleep quality in adulthood, with a specific focus on examining whether different coping style tendencies influence these associations. The baseline sample included 1600 adult participants, with 1140 participants successfully followed up 5 years later. The key variables were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Generalized linear mixed models were employed to estimate unstandardized β estimates and 95 % confidence intervals (95%CIs). Structural equation modeling was used to test the mediation model. Individuals reported childhood maltreatment at baseline were at an increased risk for sleep disturbances at follow-up. Childhood maltreatment negatively predicted the baseline coping style tendency (β = −0.29, P < 0.001), the baseline coping style tendencies negatively predicted the follow-up sleep quality (β = −0.10, P < 0.001), and childhood maltreatment positively predicted the follow-up sleep quality (β = 0.42, P < 0.01). The mediating effect of baseline coping style tendencies between childhood maltreatment and the follow-up sleep quality was significant, with an effect value of 0.03. First, the sample was from a single province (Shandong), which limits the generalizability of the findings. Second, recall bias was unavoidable in this adult sample study. Developing positive coping strategies is an important way to reduce the risk of sleep problems in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment. • Childhood maltreatment and negative coping tendencies were positively associated with adult sleep quality. • Individuals suffering childhood maltreatment in childhood are at increased risk of developing sleep disorders in adulthood. • The mediating effect of coping style tendencies between childhood maltreatment and sleep quality was significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group differences in longitudinal patterns of child and adolescent depressive symptoms are commonly observed. However, the implications for adult mental health are unclear. This study presents a systematic review of child and adolescent depressive symptom trajectory research and meta-analysis of their longitudinal effects on adult depressive symptoms and disorders. A systematic search identified 12 longitudinal studies (12 cohorts, N = 35,058) that were harmonized to identify common symptom trajectories prior to age 18 years. Examination of follow-up in the same groups was made (at average age 20.5 years) to estimate longitudinal associations with adult depressive symptoms (Sx) and disorders (Dx), using random effects meta-analyses. The included studies identified Low (70.3 %), Moderate (17.9 %), High (9.5 %), Increasing (9.5 %) and Decreasing (5.1 %) symptom trajectories. These trajectories were found to predict variation in symptoms and disorders in adulthood: Low, Dx = 4.5 %, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 2.7–6.8 %, Sx [Mean] = 8.33, Standard Deviation [SD] = 6.30; Moderate, Dx = 20.9 %, CI 11.9–31.5 % - Sx = 18.13, SD = 3.38; High, Dx = 34.4 % CI 17.2–54.0 % - Sx = 38.80, SD = 7.75; Increasing, Dx = 38.3 %, CI 12.7–67.5 % - Sx = 24.73, SD = 18.64; Decreasing, Dx = 15.4 %, CI 10.5–20.9 % - Sx = 17.00, SD = 12.18. Confidence intervals are wide for some trajectory effects. There was significant between-cohort heterogeneity in predictive effects for High trajectories, suggesting the need for further research to identify characteristics influencing variation. Low symptom trajectories forecast lower adult depression symptoms and disorders. Programs effectively targeting reductions in Moderate, High, Increasing and Decreasing trajectories will likely prevent problems in early adulthood. • The first review to unify child/adolescent depression studies for a meta-analysis on long-term effects young adult depression. • Low child/adolescent depressive symptom trajectories were common and forecasted lower rates of early adult depression disorders and symptoms. • Low depressive symptoms in youth often predict lower rates of depression in early adulthood. • Further research is needed to evaluate adolescent depression and the prevention of symptoms and disorders in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Having been bullied at school in childhood links to suicidality. We aimed at verifying earlier findings and delivering diverse data from a representative population-based sample of young adults to characterize the impacts beyond childhood. Method: A random sample of adults, aged 18–28 years and representative of the general population living in Finland, participated in a nationwide health examination study. Adverse childhood experiences before the age of 16 years were analyzed for 779 participants in relation to lifetime suicidality (suicidal ideation, suicide attempts), current suicidal thoughts (HSCL-25), mental disorders (self-reports for lifetime, M-CIDI for DSM-IV during the past 12 months), current usage of mental health services, current usage of prescription medicines (ATC codes), current psychological distress (GHQ-12), and current work capacity and work ability. Results: Having been bullied in childhood contributed to greater suicidality (p < 0.001), more frequent current usage of antipsychotics (p < 0.001) as well as antidepressants (p < 0.001), greater current psychological distress (p < 0.001), and poorer current work capacity (p < 0.001) as well as work ability (p < 0.001). Of the self-reported mental disorders on lifetime basis, psychosis had the strongest association (p = 0.03) with having been bullied, whereas the interview-based diagnosis of mental disorders during the past 12 months had no significant association. Conclusions: Having been bullied at school before the age of 16 years was independently associated not only with suicidality, but also with the self-report of psychosis as well as a range of indicators of poorer mental health at the age of 18–28 years. HIGHLIGHTS: Having been bullied at school contributed to suicidality in young adults. Having been bullied linked to current use of antipsychotics and antidepressants. Having been bullied associated with poor work capacity and poor work ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research suggests that prior victimizations during a person's lifetime, particularly childhood traumas and maltreatment, are risk factors for abuse and revictimization in adulthood, although longitudinal evidence is sparse. Using data from a 30-year ongoing longitudinal study of the long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment, this paper describes the extent to which childhood maltreatment predicts subsequent victimization and partner violence victimization at two time points in adulthood. Data were obtained from a prospective cohort design study in which children with court-substantiated cases of maltreatment (ages 0–11 years) and demographically matched controls were followed into adulthood and interviewed over several waves. Childhood maltreatment was assessed through juvenile and adult court records from 1967 to 1971 in a midwestern county area in the United States. Victimization experiences were assessed from 2000 to 2002 (M age = 39.5 years) and 2009 to 2010 (M age = 47.5) and included two types based on information from the lifetime trauma and victimization history instrument and questions about past year partner violence victimization. Individuals with histories of childhood maltreatment were more likely to report physical and sexual assaults and kidnapping and stalking victimization than controls through age 39.5. In contrast, the two groups did not differ at the later assessment at age 47.5, except maltreated individuals reported greater risk for sexual assault/abuse than controls. For intimate partner violence victimization at age 39.5, maltreated and control groups differed only in terms of victimization involving injury. Later in adulthood, more individuals with histories of childhood maltreatment reported partner physical violence victimization compared to controls. Although these longitudinal findings showed a general decline in victimization experiences over the two time points, these results demonstrate that childhood maltreatment increases risk for subsequent revictimization in middle adulthood, specifically for sexual assault/abuse and intimate partner physical violence victimization. These findings have implications for prevention and intervention efforts targeting maltreated children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low optimism and high pessimism have predicted depressive symptoms in several studies, but the associations in the other direction, from depressive symptoms to future optimism and pessimism, have been unexplored. We examined bidirectional associations of optimism and pessimism with depressive symptoms in adulthood. A population-based sample of 4011 Finnish adults (55 % women) was analyzed with a 15-year prospective follow-up period from age 31 to age 46. Optimism and pessimism were measured with the Life Orientation Test-Revised, and depressive symptoms were measured with the Symptom Checklist-25. Temporal associations were investigated with cross-lagged panel models. According to the model fit indices (RMSEA < 0.04, CFI ≥ 0.97) optimism and pessimism had bidirectional relationships with depressive symptoms: optimism predicted lower depressive symptoms (β = −0.09, p <.001), and depressive symptoms predicted lower optimism (β = −0.10, p <.001) in the follow-up. Also, pessimism predicted higher depressive symptoms (β = 0.08, p <.001), and depressive symptoms predicted higher pessimism (β = 0.09, p <.001) in the follow-up. In the participants with clinically high depressive symptoms at age 31, the predictive associations from optimism and pessimism to depressive symptoms remained, but associations in the other direction were attenuated. The follow-up study included only two time points with a 15-year time gap, which does not consider the possible fluctuation in the study variables between the measured times. Dispositional optimism and pessimism may have bidirectional relationships with depressive symptoms in adulthood when the baseline depressive symptoms are below the clinical level. • Temporal associations of dispositional optimism and pessimism with depressive symptoms were analyzed in a 15-year follow-up study • Low optimism and high pessimism at age 31 predicted higher depressive symptoms at age 46 • Depressive symptoms at age 31 also predicted lower optimism and higher pessimism at age 46 • In a subgroup with clinically high symptoms, the associations from optimism and pessimism to depressive symptoms remained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenols, parabens, and phthalates (PPPs) are suspected or known endocrine disruptors. They are used in consumer products that pregnant women and their progeny are exposed to daily through the placenta, which could affect offspring health. This review aims to compile data from cohort studies and in vitro and in vivo models to provide a summary regarding placental transfer, fetoplacental development, and the predisposition to adult diseases resulting from maternal exposure to PPPs during the gestational period. In humans, using the concentration of pollutants in maternal urine, and taking the offspring sex into account, positive or negative associations have been observed concerning placental or newborn weight, children's BMI, blood pressure, gonadal function, or age at puberty. In animal models, without taking sex into account, alterations of placental structure and gene expression linked to hormones or DNA methylation were related to phenol exposure. At the postnatal stage, pollutants affect the bodyweight, the carbohydrate metabolism, the cardiovascular system, gonadal development, the age of puberty, sex/thyroid hormones, and gamete quality, but these effects depend on the age and sex. Future challenges will be to explore the effects of pollutants in mixtures using models and to identify the early signatures of in utero exposure capable of predicting the health trajectory of the offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The shifts in the opposite directions, toward later and earlier sleep timing, occur during the transition through adolescence and adulthood, respectively. Such a n-shape of age-associated change in sleep timing does not resemble the inverse relationship of sleep duration with ages. Age-associated variation in the parameters of the mechanisms of circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep would underlie these different shapes of relationship of sleep times with ages. Here, we searched for a parsimonious explanation of these different shapes by simulating sleep times on weekdays and weekends with one of the variants of the two-process model of sleep regulation. Methods: Using mean age of a sample with reported sleep times on weekdays and weekends, the whole set of 1404 such samples was subdivided into 15 age subsets. Simulations of sleep times in these subsets were performed with and without the suggestion of age-associated variation in the circadian phase. Results. Simulations showed that the age-associated decay of slow-wave activity can parsimoniously explain not only the parallel decreases in weekend sleep duration and rate of the buildup of sleep pressure during the wake phase of the sleep-wake cycle, but also both the delay and advance of sleep timing during the transition through adolescence and adulthood, respectively. Conclusion: The almost functional relationships were revealed between the age-related changes in sleep duration, rate of the buildup of sleep pressure, and slow-wave activity that is a good electrophysiological marker of cortical metabolic rate and synaptic density, strength and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) transition from paediatric to adult services when they reach late adolescence. This can be a risky period for young people, and it has been associated with a deterioration in glycaemic control and disengagement from diabetes services. This review aimed to identify current interventions addressing the following questions: What adolescents with T1DM healthcare transition interventions have been evaluated? What are the underlying theories and components of these interventions? What outcomes have been considered in these evaluations? Databases, trial registries and other sources were searched using the population and intervention keywords. Studies were included if they explicitly reported a transition intervention targeting young people aged 10–25 years. Studies were critically apprised, and data were extracted. Both tabular and narrative data synthesis were used. The review included 22 studies. Most interventions were service‐oriented, with little use of theory. The interventions included transition planning, service coordination, pre‐transition education, transition clinics, prompting strategies and other less frequent components. Most studies reported metabolic outcomes, with limited data on psychological outcomes such as diabetes adaptation, acceptance and self‐management activation. It is inconsistent how each outcome was defined, measured or reported. Consequently, effective theory‐based interventional transition models are yet to be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of the respiratory system can be affected by the use of drugs during pregnancy, as the prenatal phase is highly sensitive to pharmacological interventions, resulting in long-term consequences. The deleterious effects of external cannabinoids during gestation may be related to negative interference in central nervous system formation, cardiorespiratory system function, and behavioral disorders. Nevertheless, the impact of external cannabinoids on cardiorespiratory network development, chemosensitivity, and its future consequences in adulthood is still unclear. We evaluated the effects of prenatal exposure to a synthetic cannabinoid (WIN 55,212-2, 0.5 mg·kg−1·day−1) on the cardiorespiratory control and panic-like behavior of male and female rats in adulthood. Exogenous cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy resulted in a sex-dependent difference in breathing control. Specifically, males showed increased chemosensitivity to CO2 and O2, whereas females exhibited decreased sensitivity. Altered cardiovascular control was evident, with prenatally treated males and females being more susceptible to hypertension and tachycardia under adverse environmental conditions. Moreover, WIN-treated males exhibited higher fragmentation of sleep episodes, whereas females displayed anxiolytic and panicolytic behavioral responses to CO2. However, no changes were observed in the mechanical component of the respiratory system, and there were no neuroanatomical alterations, such as changes in the expression of CB1 receptors in the brainstem or in the quantification of catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons. These findings highlight that external interference in cannabinoid signaling during fetal development causes sex-specific, long-lasting effects for the cardiorespiratory system and behavioral responses in adulthood. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: The surge in recreational cannabis use and cannabinoid-based medication prescription among pregnant women has been notable in recent years, fueled by the misconception that natural products are inherently safe. Significant gaps persist regarding the potential risks of maternal consumption of cannabinoids and the long-term effects on the cardiorespiratory system of their offspring, which may be determined by sex. Accordingly, this research aims to diminish this lack of information and raise a note of caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to explain the differences in personality traits between coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and healthy individuals, predict sleep disorders in CAD patients based on their personality traits, and understand the relationship between personality traits and sleep disorders in CAD patients. Additionally, the study sought to explain the differences in the severity of sleep disorders between CAD patients and healthy individuals. The study was conducted on a sample of 48 CAD patients who attended the cardiology clinic at Kafr El-Sheikh University Hospital. The sample was distributed according to gender (25 males and 23 females), with ages ranging from 26 to 84 years, an average age of 48.73 years, and a standard deviation of 12.12 years. The researcher used the Six Factor Personality Inventory by Ashton and Lee, translated by Abdel-Motleb and Mimi Ahmed, and the Sleep Disorders Scale by Bushra Ismail. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between CAD patients and healthy individuals in personality traits, except for the trait of openness to experience, where the healthy individuals scored higher. The results also showed no significant differences in sleep disorders between CAD patients and healthy individuals, except for night terrors and sleepwalking. Additionally, the study found a correlational relationship between some personality traits and certain sleep disorders in CAD patients. It was also indicated that some sleep disorders in CAD patients could be predicted based on their personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the predictors of loneliness, with a focus on the roles that discrimination plays and how it intersects with gender and educational attainment among three subgroups of adults at different life stages (young, middle, and late adulthood). In sum, our study found that the link between discrimination and loneliness varied across age groups, making the examination of its root cause from the ecological perspective and identifying symptoms/triggers for loneliness critical in developing different targeted interventions. Findings from this study can be used to guide social work intervention efforts undertaken to prevent and reduce loneliness [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist eine neurologische Entwicklungsstörung des Gehirns. Ursächlich ist eine Veränderung auf einer Gensequenz, die für den Dopaminhaushalt verantwortlich ist. ADHS kann erworben sein oder aber, wie in den meisten Fällen, vererbt werden. Betroffene zeigen eine Verhaltensstörung, die mit Konzentrationsstörungen, motorischer Hyperaktivität und gesteigerter Erregbarkeit einhergeht. Trotz der hohen Inzidenz von 3,9 % ist ADHS bei Kindern und Erwachsenen untererkannt und unterbehandelt. Im Kindesalter zählt zu den Symptomen von ADHS z. B. Hyperaktivität, Konzentrationsstörung oder Ungeduld. Dies trifft auf Erwachsene ebenfalls zu, jedoch ändert sich durch die fortschreitende Hirnentwicklung die Symptomatik zu einem heterogenen klinischen Erscheinungsbild, das zusätzlich ein breiteres Spektrum emotionaler Dysregulation und funktioneller Beeinträchtigung umfassen kann. Der Verdacht auf ADHS wird besonders dann deutlich, wenn die adaptiven Fähigkeiten einer Person überlastet werden und sich psychische Symptome zeigen wie z. B. Depressionen, Angststörungen wie auch psychosomatische Erscheinungen. Bislang konnte bezüglich ADHS keine osteopathische Studie ausfindig gemacht werden. Es gibt jedoch Studien zu Teilaspekten, die einen evidenzbasierten osteopathischen Behandlungsansatz ermöglichen. Dazu zählt die Behandlung des vegetativen wie auch des hormonellen und des faszialen Systems. Aufgrund der hohen Inzidenz, des komplexen Symptombilds, der guten Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und des daraus resultierenden Mehrgewinns an Lebensqualität für die Betroffenen ist es wichtig, sich mit ADHS in der osteopathischen Praxis vertraut zu machen. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the brain caused by a change in a gene sequence that is responsible for the dopamine balance. This can be acquired or, as in most cases, inherited. Affected people show a behavioral disorder that is accompanied by concentration difficulty, motor hyperactivity, and increased excitability. Despite a high incidence rate of 3,9 %, ADHD is underrecognized and undertreated in children and adults. In childhood, symptoms of ADHD include hyperactivity, difficulty concentrating or impatience. This also applies to adults, but the symptoms change as the brain develops. ADHD in adults often has a more heterogeneous clinical presentation. To date, no osteopathic study on this topic has been found. However, there are studies on some aspects that enable a possible evidence-based osteopathic treatment approach. This includes the treatment of the vegetative as well as the hormonal and fascial systems. Due to the high incidence, the complex symptom picture, the good treatment options and the resulting increased quality of life for those affected, it is important to familiarize yourself with ADHD in osteopathic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlled outcomes into adulthood for females with anorectal malformation (ARM) are still scantily studied. The primary aim was to investigate bowel function, bladder function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in females operated for ARM. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based observational study was performed including females treated for ARM at our institution between 1994 and 2017. The bowel function was assessed with bowel function score (BFS) and urinary tract function with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) questionnaires. HRQoL was investigated with validated age-dependent questionnaires. Patient characteristics were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records and descriptive statistics were used for analysis. HRQoL outcomes were compared with normative data whilst bowel and bladder function outcomes were compared to age-matched female controls. Forty-four (41.5 %) of 106 females responded to the questionnaires. Ten of 29 patients (34.5 %) aged 4–17 years and 4 of 14 patients (28.6%) aged ≥18 years, reported a well-preserved bowel function (BFS≥17). Constipation issues decreased with age. BFS was similar in patients with perineal and vestibular fistulas. Thirty-six (83.7%) of the patients had at least one LUTS. No adult patients had issues with involuntary urinary leakage. Adults scored significantly (p = 0.004) lower than normative data regarding HRQoL, while children and adolescents scored comparably to norm data. Only 28.6 % of the adult patients reported a well-preserved bowel function, similar to the proportion reported by children 4–17 years of age. Adult patients appear to have a diminished HRQoL, however the correlation with BFS was weak. III. • What is currently known about this topic? Functional and health-related quality of life outcomes into adulthood for females with anorectal malformation (ARM) are still scantily studied. • What new information is contained in this article? Roughly 30 % of the adult patients reported a well-preserved bowel function, similar to the proportion reported by children and adolescents. Adult patients appear to have a diminished HRQoL, however, the correlation with BFS was weak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The image of the social world is a predictor of social behavior and its development during stable social transitivity, i.e., COVID-19 pandemic, economic crises, local military conflicts, etc. It can also be interpreted as a variable linguistic phenomenon. However, very little empirical research has featured its integral structural and content characteristics through the prism of narratives, metaphors, and social representations. The author used the methods of thematic narrative analysis and content analysis of metaphors to identify the narrative constructions used by adult subjects to describe their image of the social world. The data obtained were subjected to frequency analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The experiment involved 193 respondents aged 35–49 years old, employed in the city of Rostov-on-Don, Russia. In their metaphors and narratives, they described the social world as balancing between stability and dynamism, predictability and stochasticity, as well as endowed it with differentiation in the absence of universal laws. The rationality of the metaphors reflected the age identity while the subject of biographical narratives reflected the subjective adaptation to current social processes.

Since unfortunate events can happen to anyone at any time, it is important for everyone to understand the concept of psychological trauma and be able to identify its symptoms to prevent or treat it before it becomes too late. The character of Hamlet is traumatized from the very beginning of the play, and as the story develops, so does his trauma. Shakespeare's Hamlet is a well-known and widely performed play, making it a good option to illustrate trauma and its detrimental consequences on both the individual and others around them in real life. The study, which was founded on the constructivist paradigm, demonstrated adult psychological trauma, its symptoms, and its effects by using a phenomenological approach. Twelve people, six men and six women, over the age of eighteen (from 19 to 60), participated in this study. After an analysis of the experiences and feedback provided by the participants, it became clear that if psychological trauma is not identified and treated in a timely manner, it can negatively impact not only the victim's own life but also the lives of those close to them and even society as a whole.

The AgingPLUS program targets motivational barriers, including negative views of aging, as mechanisms to increase adult physical activity. A pilot study was conducted to test the efficacy of this new program against a generic successful aging program. Fifty-six participants were randomly assigned to the AgingPLUS group, and 60 participants were assigned to the active control group. Repeated-measures multivariate analyses of variance assessed changes in views of aging, physical activity, blood pressure, and hand-grip strength from pretest (Week 0) to delayed posttest (Week 8). The Condition × Occasion interactions were nonsignificant; however, significant main effects for condition and occasion were found. Follow-up tests showed that views of aging were more positive, and physical activity had significantly increased at Week 8 for all participants. In addition, in the treatment group, elevated blood pressure had significantly decreased and hand-grip strength had significantly increased at Week 8. Despite the nonsignificant multivariate findings, the main effect findings provided partial support for the efficacy of the AgingPLUS program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Middle East and North Africa region struggled to meet the employment aspirations of its increasingly educated youth in the aftermath of structural reforms. This article examines the evolution of initial labor market outcomes across pre- and post-reform cohorts of school leavers by education and socioeconomic status (SES) in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. Results show that formal jobs for educated new entrants are increasingly allocated according to SES, as measured by parents' education and father's occupation, in Egypt and Tunisia, but not in Jordan. In Egypt and Tunisia, the quality of initial jobs deteriorated for educated new entrants, particularly among those with lower SES. This rising tide of inequality of opportunity in employment may have contributed to the Arab Spring uprisings and remains an important source of frustration for youth and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annually, child marriage endangers the lives and prospects of millions of youngsters. Despite regulations regulating the minimum age for marriage, this practice is prevalent and troublesome in several nations. Child marriage persists in several regions worldwide despite being disapproved upon in some civilizations. The present work aims to analyze the idea of maturity within the context of marital law. This study involves normative legal research utilizing philosophical, statutory, and conceptual approaches. The methods employed for analyzing legal materials are surveying, questioning, reading, reciting/recalling, and reviewing using logical reasoning. The investigation reveals that the idea of maturity in marriage legislation in countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Vietnam is mostly based on setting a minimum age for marriage, despite the fact that age may not accurately reflect a person’s maturity level.

In the realm of music, especially within the K-pop genre, songs serve as dynamic mediums for addressing social issues. This research focuses on the `song "Haze" by LUCY. The selection of this song is emphasized due to its rich meanings capable of representing life, especially regarding individual journey from childhood to adulthood, resonating with universal themes of resilience, self-discovery, and social challenges in its lyrics. Additionally, "Haze" serves as a primary message about readiness for adulthood. This study utilizes semiotics, drawing from Charles S. Peirce's method, to uncover layers of meaning within the song's lyrics. Findings reveal a profound journey marked by fear, growth, and identity exploration. Through semiotic analysis, the study illuminates how individuals navigate internal struggles, overcome obstacles, and foster resilience. The lyrics capture emotional complexities, emphasizing the significance of self-identity and interpersonal relationships in navigating life's trials. Ultimately, maturity is depicted as the embrace of authenticity and inner strength amidst uncertainty. Di ranah musik, khususnya dalam genre K-pop, lagu-lagu berfungsi sebagai media dinamis untuk mengatasi isu-isu sosial. Penelitian ini berfokus pada lagu "Haze" oleh LUCY. Pemilihan lagu ini dalam penelitian ditekankan karena lagu ini kaya akan makna yang mampu merepresentasikan kehidupan, terutama tentang penggambarannya pada perjalanan individu dari masa kanak-kanak menuju dewasa, yang beresonansi dengan tema-tema universal tentang ketahanan, penemuan diri, dan tantangan-tantangan sosial dalam liriknya. Selain itu, "Haze" dapat dijadikan sebuah pesan utama tentang kesiapan diri menuju kedewasaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan semiotika, mengambil metode dari Charles S. Peirce, untuk mengungkap lapisan lapisan makna dalam lirik lagu tersebut. Temuan menunjukkan perjalanan yang mendalam yang ditandai dengan ketakutan, pertumbuhan, dan eksplorasi identitas. Melalui analisis semiotik, penelitian ini menemukan bagaimana individu menghadapi perjuangan internal, mengatasi rintangan, dan membangun ketahanan. Lirik-lirik tersebut menangkap kompleksitas emosional, menekankan pentingnya identitas diri dan hubungan interpersonal dalam menghadapi ujian kehidupan. Pada akhirnya, kedewasaan digambarkan sebagai pelukan atas keaslian dan kekuatan batin di tengah ketidakpastian.

Purpose: We aimed to identify factors predicting the need for future liver transplantation (LT) at 18 years of age in patients with biliary atresia (BA). Methods: BA patients with native liver survival at > 18 years of age were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical characteristics, outcomes, hepatobiliary function, and liver fibrosis markers of native liver survivors (NLS group) were compared with patients who subsequently underwent LT (LT group). Results: The study population included 48 patients (NLS, n = 34; LT, n = 14). The male-to-female ratio, age at Kasai procedure, and type of BA in the two groups did not differ to a statistically significant extent. There was no significant difference in the MELD scores between the groups at 18 years of age. The aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI), and BA liver fibrosis (BALF) scores at 18 years of age were significantly higher in the LT group. The AUCs for APRI, ALBI, and BALF were 0.91, 0.79, and 0.85, respectively. Conclusion: Adult BA patients have limited options for LT owing to the lack of donor candidates and the low prevalence of deceased donors. The elucidation of prognostic factors for LT in adulthood is important. APRI was the most useful marker in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth mindsets, the belief that intelligence can grow with effort and training, have been associated with the adoption of mastery goals in children and adolescents. However, it is unknown whether these two factors are also correlated in adults. We conducted two online studies among three hundred participants to challenge this association. Results from (1) zero-order correlations, (2) structural equation modeling and (3) out-of-sample predictions converged on the finding that growth mindset was associated with the adoption of mastery goals in mathematics. This association generalized across different ways of measuring mindsets. Taken together the results provided new evidence for the idea that mindset and goal achievement are intrinsically related concepts, which remain associated across different life stages and generalize across populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Movement behaviors within the 24‐h day, including physical activity (PA), sedentary time, and sleep, are associated with cardiometabolic health. We aimed to determine the association between 24‐h movement composition and cardiometabolic health while accounting for sleep efficiency. Altogether, 1134 participants from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study, free from prior cardiovascular disease, provided at least 4 days of 24‐h activity and sleep efficiency measured with a wearable ring. Participants' body composition was assessed with bioimpedance, blood pressure, and waist circumference were measured, and lipids and glucose were analyzed from a fasting blood sample. Linear regression models for cardiometabolic outcomes were created with 24‐h movement composition and covariates, including sleep efficiency and behavioral and socioeconomic factors. Isotemporal time reallocations were used to demonstrate the dose‐dependent associations between time use and outcomes. Beneficial associations with the outcomes were detected when sedentary time was reallocated to light PA, moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA), or sleep. For example, substituting 30 min of sedentary time with MVPA was associated with 7.2% (95% CI from −9.8% to −4.5%) lower visceral fat area, 4.9% (95% CI from −6.5% to −3.3%) lower body fat percentage, 1.6% (95% CI from −2.3% to −0.9%) smaller waist circumference, and 2.4% (95% CI from 1.2% to 3.5%) higher high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol after accounting for gender, marital status, education level, employment, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep efficiency. Substituting sedentary time with sleep or light PA showed beneficial but smaller differences in adiposity measures and HDL cholesterol. Limiting sedentary time should be encouraged in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Famine exposure in childhood is proven to be associated with multiple chornic disease in adult but has not been studied with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aims: This study was conducted to identify the relationship between famine exposure during infancy and childhood – specifically, the Chinese famine of 1959–1961 – and the risk of adult‐onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) among Chinese individuals. Methods: This study included 2937 individuals from the Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program. They were stratified by birth year into infancy‐exposed (1956–1958), childhood‐exposed (1950–1955) and unexposed (1963–1971) groups. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. CKD was defined as an eGFR of <90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: The mean eGFR values for the infancy‐exposed and childhood‐exposed groups were 107.23 ± 12.53 and 103.23 ± 12.44 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, both of which were lower than that of the unexposed group (114.82 ± 13.39 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.05). In the crude model, the odds ratio (OR) for CKD was 2.00 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39–2.88) in the infancy‐exposed group and 2.92 (95% CI: 2.17–3.93) in the childhood‐exposed group. Further adjustments for urban/rural residence, body mass index, age, current smoking, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol did not significantly alter the association between famine exposure and CKD. The corresponding ORs were 1.71 (95% CI: 1.17–2.50) and 2.48 (95% CI: 1.81–3.40) for the infancy‐exposed and childhood‐exposed groups respectively. Conclusions: Famine exposure during infancy and childhood is associated with a long‐term decline in eGFR and an increased adult‐onset CKD risk. Early intervention for high‐risk individuals may mitigate the risk of adult‐onset CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectiveDesign and methodsResultsConclusionResearch has shown that perceptions of future time as limited are associated with more depressive symptoms. However, there is limited research on which dimensions of future time perspective (FTP: opportunity, extension, constraint) are associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, and whether these findings vary across age.Data came from a cross-sectional study in a nonclinical U.S. sample (N = 793, 48.0% male; 48.7% female; age: M = 50 years, range: 19–85 years), and local structural equation modeling was used to examine the moderating role of age as a continuous variable rather than artificial age groups.For all dimensions of FTP, the perception of the future as limited was moderately to strongly associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress levels. More importantly, the association between the perceived constraint dimension and depression, anxiety, and stress was twice as large at younger ages than at older ages.These findings indicate that perceived constraint is primarily a strong risk factor for or indicator of negative wellbeing in young adulthood, whereas perceived limited opportunity and extension are potential risk factors or indicators across the entire adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe transition to adulthood is one of the most challenging and complex processes for autistic youth and their families. Few evidence-based transition support programs exist, and those that have garnered support require long-term commitments and resources that may prohibit participation by families with financial and time limitations. The current study investigated the feasibility and initial promise of a brief, caregiver-focused educational transition program for families of autistic youth delivered in the community over a single day.Quantitative informant-report and qualitative interview data were collected from 12 caregivers of autistic youth before and after program participation. Using a partially mixed sequential equal status design, quantitative and qualitative data were integrated to evaluate change in caregiver transition knowledge and empowerment, as well as caregivers’ perceptions of program feasibility, acceptability, and usefulness.Caregivers reported significant increases in knowledge of transition-related topics and sense of empowerment regarding their family life. Caregiver perceptions of the intervention suggest they found it feasible, acceptable, and useful.Short-term transition programming may be a helpful option for caregivers who seek transition supports for autistic youth.The transition to adulthood is a stressful and complex process for autistic adolescents and their caregivers.Many caregivers lack time, financial resources, and access to comprehensive transition supports.Brief educational support is a potential alternative for aiding caregivers in planning for and assisting with adolescents’ postsecondary training/education, employment, social, and living arrangements.The Planning for your Loved Ones Future (PLOF) intervention showed promise in improving caregiver knowledge about transition and sense of empowerment, and was described as feasible, accessible, and helpful by those who participated in a pilot study.The transition to adulthood is a stressful and complex process for autistic adolescents and their caregivers.Many caregivers lack time, financial resources, and access to comprehensive transition supports.Brief educational support is a potential alternative for aiding caregivers in planning for and assisting with adolescents’ postsecondary training/education, employment, social, and living arrangements.The Planning for your Loved Ones Future (PLOF) intervention showed promise in improving caregiver knowledge about transition and sense of empowerment, and was described as feasible, accessible, and helpful by those who participated in a pilot study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Henoch Schonlen Purpura (HSP) is systemic vasculitis mediated immune complexes, commonly found in children but have lower incidence in adulthood. Characterized clinically by palpable purpura, renal, joint, and gastrointestinal problem. The prognosis of HSP is excellent, typically to be self-limiting disease, therefore the treatment is usually symptomatic. Therapy glucocorticoid can be given for symptomatic improvement and used for persisting renal disease and gastrointestinal involvement. Glucocorticoid can be given 1-2mg/kgBW/day. This report presents the rapid recovery of HSP Patient in adulthood with Short Term Pulse Dose Corticosteroid. We describe a female patient with HSP, clinically presentation with palpable purpura, arthralgia, and renal involvement. Patient received symptomatic treatment and pulse dose corticosteroid that showed rapid recovery in the first three days of hospitalization. Treatment using pulse dose corticosteroid can advance recovery in adult HSP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality has constituted a significant psychological component predicting physical exercise. Prior research mostly focused on how personality domains are associated with exercise behaviour. Yet, focusing more closely on combinations of personality domains may be valuable in the future. The present cross‐sectional study aimed to bridge this gap by investigating the associations between Big Five personality profiles and exercise behaviour based on a person‐centred approach in adults. Data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) were used (N = 28,304), in which participants reported their Big Five personality and exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses, grounded in young adulthood, middle adulthood, and later adulthood sub‐samples, identified five personality profiles: moderate, reserved, confident, resilient, and vulnerable. Across three age groups, significant differences between the five personality profiles in relation to exercise behaviour were revealed. Individuals with the resilient or confident profiles generally had longer exercise duration while people with the vulnerable profile tended to exercise less. Our findings give greater insight into the relationship between exercise and personality, suggesting that different combinations of personality traits may determine individuals' exercise behaviour. It opens promising avenues for identification of adults at risk of lacking exercise, and for development of personality‐targeted exercise interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, individuals with autism spectrum disorder have poor outcomes in adulthood on almost any measure assessed. Poor outcomes, in part, may be related to inadequate planning leading up to adulthood, including inappropriate goal setting, ineffective communication, and inadequate involvement of all decision‐makers needed to inform planning. The skills in the repertoires of individuals on the spectrum have been shown in the research to directly impact the trajectory of outcomes. Yet, at present there is next to no peer‐reviewed literature that identifies evidence‐based procedures to teach practitioners how to write meaningful goals that will positively impact these outcomes. The present study therefore examined the effects of a treatment package aimed at improving the quality of goals written by clinicians and students of applied behavior analysis. Overall, this study showed that for at least some participants, the independent variable improved the quality of skill acquisition goals, as measured by expert and advanced practitioner ratings as well as self‐assessed ratings. Both experiments yielded statistically significant increases in both dependent variables for the experimental group, when compared to the control group. These promising initial findings have implications for practitioners who hope to adequately plan for the future of those they serve by targeting those skills that will positively affect outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autobiographical memory supports three functions of remembering past, the self, social, and directive. Previous studies undertaken with adults recalling their play experiences have identified three aspects: the ages between 7 and 12 years are key; there are significant adults involved in the play and location that play talks place. This paper, drawing on an online questionnaire (n = 55), explores adult memories of attending an after-school club as a child between 1990 and 2010. A thematic analysis was undertaken on the responses from the fifty-five participants. The results from this study found adults had predominately positive memories of their time at the after-school club in respect of the activities that were on offer, the supervising adults, the food provided, and friendships made. One negative theme of boredom was identified. This study has implications for professional practice in after-school provision in supporting children's play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definitions of adulthood for people with intellectual disability are often complicated, with milestones being markedly different for this population. This is then associated with difficulties for both the people with intellectual disability and their parents, who are closely involved in this transitional period. This paper aims to report on parents' perception and experience of adulthood for their son or daughter with an Intellectual Disability (ID). Qualitative data were collected through 30 − 60-minute phone interviews with eight parents of a person with an intellectual disability aged 15 or older (mean parent age = 60; mean child age = 23). Thematic analysis found that Perception of Adulthood encompassed themes of Independence and Normality. Experiences of Adulthood were categorised under Government Services, Responsibility and Social Supports. Findings of this research provide information for the growing literature around adulthood for people with intellectual disability, as well as how to amend policies and procedures for services that cater to people with intellectual disability and their parents during this transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary motive of this inquiry is to examine the connection between emotional competence, rigidity and quality of life throughout maturity. This study seeks to give precious insight into factor that contributes to grown- up’s good and academic success. To measure the relationship between emotional intelligence, resilience and life, data was collected from 150 virile and 150 womanish early grown- up( age range 18 to 29) from educational institute from Haripur district using purposive sampling technique. The sample comported of virile ( n = 150) and womanish( n = 150). Students were inked through purposeful slice by posting a check link on emotional intelligence, brief resilience, and life satisfaction at Govt. Girls Degree College No. 2 Haripur. Correlation research design was applied to the current study. The researcher used the detail Resilience Scale, Shut Self Report Emotional Intelligence Scale and Satisfaction with life Scale for study purpose. The statistical technique applied for finding were descriptive statistic, correlation test and t- test. The findings indicate that emotional intelligence has significant negative correlation with detail resilience, and positive correlation with satisfaction with life, and. especially, female showed advanced emotional intelligence compared to males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is defined as "the active care of the child's body, quality of life, mind and spirit, also giving support to the family". PPC should be established once a diagnosis of life-limiting or life-threatening disease is reached and should continue as long as necessary. Therefore, pediatric palliative care (PPC) can continue for years, also given the improved care approaches for children with life-limiting or life-threatening diseases. Over time, the child may grow to become a young adult, and when this happens, the transition to adult healthcare services must be undertaken. This article discusses possible interventions, fostering an efficient transition from pediatric to adult palliative care. A narrative review presents issues, experiences, and existing programs. A "Perspectives" section presents opinions and proposals by the authors. The transition process is not limited to a change from pediatric to adult services. Rather, it includes the entire process of the development of the child and requires interdisciplinary management with proper planning and collaboration among professionals of pediatric and adult teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies examining relationships between neurotypical and autistic siblings have reported inconsistent findings when focussing on children and adolescents, with little research investigating adult autistic sibling relationships. This is of particular interest as siblings can often take over the guardianship or care of a sibling when their parents are no longer able to. The current study examined knowledge and attitudes of adult siblings towards autism. 50 mixed sibling types (autistic sibling + neurotypical sibling) & 59 matched sibling types (neurotypical sibling + neurotypical sibling) completed knowledge and attitude questionnaires. In addition, a thematic analysis of responses provided by neurotypical siblings from the mixed sibling types was used to explore experiences with autism based on sibling relationships. Results showed a non-significant difference of attitudes towards autism and a significant difference in knowledge of autism. From the thematic analyses four themes were identified: Robbed Childhood, Sibling over Self, Concerns for the Future, and Autism Awareness. The study found that having a sibling diagnosed with autism can predict knowledge of autism, however, knowledge of autism does not drive attitudes, therefore further research is needed to understand which factors drive neurotypical sibling attitudes since attitudes predict behaviour. The qualitative research showed mixed experiences within childhood and adulthood, with implications on care in the future. The adult perspectives of the autistic sibling relationships are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Whereas Quality of Life in older populations has long been conceptualized in regards to health or illness, the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization and Pleasure scale (CASP-12) focuses on the positive facets of aging. Although the CASP is a widely used scale, its measurement invariance has seldom been examined. The present study aims to ascertain the measurement invariance of the CASP-12 over a period of 10 years and between age, culture and gender. Methods: Secondary data analyses were conducted on the longitudinal data collected in four waves between 2006 and 2016–2017 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe study (SHARE). The factorial validity of the CASP-12 was examined and its measurement invariance was tested with a sample of 3684 men and 4955 women aged 30–99 years, coming from 10 different European countries. Results: Results showed a strong theoretical and empirical dimensionality of the CASP-12, a well as invariance of time (10 years), age and culture. It was also found that the scale is gender invariant at the strict level. These results were replicated with two more waves of SHARE, measured six years apart. Conclusion: This study replicates the CASP-12 dimensional structure, factorial structure and factor loadings. The scale has demonstrated to be a reliable and valid measurement of the positive aspects of quality of life to be used across time, age, gender and culture. The Autonomy dimension of the scale warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PEERS® for Young Adults is an evidence-based program aimed at teaching social skills needed to establish and maintain close relationships, including friendship and romantic relationships. The study investigated the effects of the Polish adaptation of the curriculum on the social functioning of adults on the autism spectrum. Fifteen young adults (aged 18–32, M = 23.5) were randomly allocated to an immediate or delayed (control) treatment condition. By self and parent report, individuals who participated in the PEERS® program showed significant improvements in social skills, social cognition, and social knowledge, but limited gains in social engagement. The effects were maintained over six months after the treatment. The intervention was well-accepted and deemed feasible by young adults, their parents, and peers involved in the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immigrant parents' perspectives on raising adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities during the transition to adulthood are the focus of this study. Disabled children demand more care and support as they mature and transition to adulthood. This increased care demand places significant stress on parents' wellbeing and participation in social and economic activities. Methods: Qualitative interviews were undertaken with purposively sampled immigrant parents of adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities transitioning into adulthood. The study used inductive thematic analysis to identify common themes across the data set. Findings: The birth of their disabled child marked a new beginning in a family's life, characterised first by shock and later by acceptance. Informants experienced challenges associated with language and information access, reduced service, social isolation, skewed gender roles and worrying about their children's future. Conclusions: The intersection between migration and disability can aggravate the care burden. Knowledge about parents' experiences is crucial for designing rehabilitation programmes, promoting wellbeing and bridging gaps between services recommended by service providers and the actual needs of the family and child. Accessible summary: This paper is about the stories of three immigrant parents raising children with intellectual disabilities in Norway.Moving to a new country and having a disability can increase the risk of vulnerability.The parents in the study faced challenges accessing services and being isolated.Knowing about their experiences is important for making services better.Transition to adulthood is an important milestone in an individual's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present study evaluated whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are significantly and independently associated with six key outcomes in the Polish general population: (1) lifetime suicide attempt, (2) self-mutilation, (3) potential problem drinking, (4) use of street drugs, (5) visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist, and (6) visiting a psychiatrist. We also investigated whether ACEs explain a significant proportion of variability in generalized self-efficacy. Material and methods: Six hundred and fifty-nine individuals completed the ACE Study questionnaire (physical, verbal, and sexual abuse; neglect; select family dysfunctions) and three additional questions [ACE (13) questionnaire]: witnessing (1) a family member's suicide attempt or (2) death due to any cause except completed suicide, and (3) a stranger's death due to any cause (e.g., traffic accident). Generalized self-efficacy was assessed with the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: The likelihood of lifetime use of street drugs, potential problem drinking, and visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist and psychiatrist increased as ACE and ACE (13) score increased. As compared to scores of < 4, ACE (13) scores of = 4 were associated with a 10.8-fold increased likelihood of self-mutilation, a 3.26-fold increased likelihood of potential problem drinking, a 5.72-fold increased likelihood of visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist, and a 6.71-fold increased likelihood of visiting a psychiatrist. ACE (13) score explained 1.2% of the variability in generalized self-efficacy. Conclusions: The present study identified a strong association between childhood adversity and increased likelihood of lifetime self-mutilation, potential problem drinking, visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist, and visiting a psychiatrist. Generalized self-efficacy may be an important target for secondary intervention following childhood adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: It is important to consider DDMS as a differential diagnosis in any patient with early childhood onset of epilepsy. Early diagnosis and optimal management are key to reducing the disabling effect of DDMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explores how life transitions, such as cohabitation, marriage, separation/divorce, and childbearing, affect three dimensions of full-sibling relationships (contact, intimacy, and conflict). Background: Sibling relationships shape family dynamics and context, providing enduring support and affection as the longest-lasting relationships in an individual's life. Studying their evolution during life transitions enhances our understanding of these dynamics, considering their prolonged nature, peer status, and shared family history. Method: We use data from the German Family Panel, specifically five waves (V, VII, IX, XI, and XIII), and fixed effects regression models that acknowledge life course transitions of both sibling dyads. Results: The life course perspective fails to fully capture the complex sibling bond, as contact between siblings decreased when one entered into cohabitation, but increased with marriage, separation, and parenthood. Nevertheless, the findings revealed that changes in sibling intimacy afterlife course transitions are consistent with the perspective. This dimension weakened during family formation but strengthened when unions dissolved. Conflict between siblings also decreased when starting to live with a partner, while it increased after separation, implying a spillover from romantic to sibling relationships. Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that the theoretical framework for adult sibling life courses should consider sibling family formation events. The study highlights the significance of sibling relationships and their potential impact on shaping family context and dynamics as they are often the longest-lasting relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying ways to improve transition support for autistic students exiting secondary school is an important research priority. However, few studies have consulted with autistic/autism community members to identify how to make this support effective. This co-produced study asked autistic adults to reflect on their own transition, with the aim of identifying what was helpful and effective in supporting their transitioning from secondary school. It also aimed to identify whether there were any differences for students from non-metropolitan areas. Ten autistic adults participated in semi-structured interviews conducted online or via telephone. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis, which generated two themes: (1) accessing opportunities that supported decision making and (2) being able to develop the "skills of adulthood". The findings suggest the importance of supporting all autistic students to explore multiple pathways to make well-informed post-school decisions. A holistic approach is needed to support autistic students in developing the logistical skills and independence needed to succeed in post-school life. This approach should include guidance from autistic role models. For autistic young people attending non-metropolitan schools, the impact of local cultures and additional logistical barriers indicate that they may need further tailored support to aid their transition to adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the possible association between (sexual) abuse and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and women. To study the differences in this association between men and women, and between the timing of the abuse. Subjects and Methods: A Dutch observational population‐based cross‐sectional study was used, based on self‐administered questionnaires. Respondents were included if they had answered all questions about abuse and LUTS. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Results: Included were 558 men and 790 women, of whom 29% and 37%, respectively, reported a history of one of more types of abuse. Abuse was significantly associated with LUTS in both men (odds ratio [OR] 1.7; 1.2–2.5) and women (OR 1.4; 1.1–2.1). This association, testing by two‐way interaction, was significantly stronger in men. No association was found between childhood abuse or adulthood abuse and LUTS, in men or women. The association of sexual abuse with LUTS was significant in both men (2.7; 1.4–5.2) and in women (1.5; 1.1–2.2), and this association (testing by two‐way interaction) was significantly much stronger in men. Conclusion: In men more than in women, a history of any type of abuse is associated with LUTS, regardless of whether the abuse occurred during childhood or adulthood. In both sexes, a history of sexual abuse is also associated with experiencing LUTS, with a much stronger association in men than in women. Patients, in particular male patients, presenting with LUTS should therefore be asked about sexual abuse in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of multiple stress events in different stages of life on the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS).MethodsMiners from Tangshan, China, were recruited for this study. Workers of the Kailuan Mining Group were evaluated to investigate whether exposure to Tangshan earthquakes during the fetal period in 1976. Adult life events and childhood trauma were assessed separately via the Life Event Scale and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The subjects were physically examined and general demographic data such as waist circumference were collected. Blood samples were collected for measurement of metabolic parameters. Corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH) levels was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The subjects were divided into four groups according to their exposure to traumatic events in different stages of life: no exposure group, 1-exposure group, 2-exposures group, and 3-exposures group. The incidence of MetS, metabolic parameters and CRH levels in each of the four groups was compared.ResultsIn all, 626 people were enrolled; of these, 183, 262, 150, and 31 were in the no exposure, 1-exposure, 2-exposures, and 3-exposure groups, respectively. A remarkable variation in the incidence of MetS was observed among the four groups (x2 = 16.462, P

BackgroundCardiometabolic multimorbidity is a rising phenomenon that has been barely explored in middle-income countries such as Mexico.ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence, associated factors, and patterns of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (2 and 3+ diseases) in Mexican adults (≥20 years old) by age group.MethodsA cross-sectional and secondary analysis of Mexico’s National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018–2019 was conducted. Information on eight diseases and other sociodemographic and health/lifestyle characteristics was obtained through self-reporting. Descriptive analyses were performed, and multinomial logistic regression models were calculated to identify the variables associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Factor analysis and latent classes were estimated to determine disease patterns.ResultsThe prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity for the total population study was 27.6% (13.7% for people with 2 diseases and 13.9% for people with 3+ diseases). By age group, the prevalence of 2+ diseases was 12.5% in the age group of 20–39 years, 35.2% in the age group of 40–59 years, and 44.5% in the age group of 60 years and older. The variables of depressive symptomatology and having functional limitations (1+) were statistically associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in almost all age groups. Patterns of cardiometabolic multimorbidity varied among adults in different age groups. Understanding the behavior of cardiometabolic multimorbidity at various stages of adulthood is a resource that could be used to design and implement intervention strategies. Such strategies should correspond to the population’s sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics and the specific disease patterns of each age group.

The individuals of age between 15-24 years are known as youth, which is a crucial stage of life. The events of these years will have a significant and enduring impact on young adults' future work and career pathways, as well as their well-being, health, and financial security. Young adults also play a significant role in the nation's future, and the healthy growth and well-being of the next generation. Youth health has declined in recent decades as a result of additional stress brought on by the changes that accompany adolescence and adulthood. Better health support would encourage young people to develop healthy habits that will benefit them throughout their lives and make a greater contribution to a healthier country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]