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Voor de interpretatie van de veelgebruikte Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) werd tot voor kort gebruik gemaakt van verouderde, Britse normen. Nieuwe, Nederlandse normen maken een betere, nauwkeuriger interpretatie van de scores mogelijk. Wat is er veranderd en waarom?

Is it true that children turn into their parents? Adolescents often show characteristics and behaviors that resemble those of their parents. Particularly psychopathological symptoms and relationship behaviors are often observed to inadvertently continue from one generation to the next. But how are symptoms and behaviors between parents and adolescents transmitted during adolescence? And how can we explain possible intergenerational transmission – or non-transmission? The present dissertation sought to answer these questions. Using four longitudinal, multimethod studies, it provides insights into the intergenerational transmission of psychopathological symptoms and relationship quality across adolescence and young adulthood. The three overarching aims were: 1) to investigate how psychopathological symptoms and relationship behaviors are transmitted across adolescence and young adulthood, 2) to shed light on the direction of transmission effects between parents and adolescents, and 3) to provide insights into potential mechanisms involved in intergenerational transmission processes. The findings of this thesis highlight the importance of adolescence as a period in which intergenerational transmission processes play a role. Parental and adolescent psychopathological symptoms and relationship behaviors were generally consistently associated across adolescence and to some extent even into young adulthood, with both parent and adolescent effects involved. While negative parent-child interactions might explain why problem behaviors accumulate in some families, congruency between parents and children could help to break maladaptive patterns.

Purpose We assessed the association between trajectories of stressful life events (SLEs) throughout adolescence and changes in mental health from childhood to young adulthood. Further, we assessed whether family functioning moderated this association. Methods Data of the first six waves of the TRAILS study (2001-2016; n = 2229) were used, a cohort followed from approximately age 11 to 23. We measured SLEs (death of a family member or other beloved one, delinquency, moving, victim of violence, parental divorce, and sexual harassment) at ages 14, 16 and 19. Family functioning was measured at all six time points using the Family Assessment Device (FAD), and mental health was measured through the Youth/Adult Self-Report at ages 11 and 23. Latent class growth analyses (LCGA) were used to examine longitudinal trajectories and associations. Results We identified three SLE trajectories (low, middle, high) throughout adolescence, and found no significant associations between these trajectories and changes in mental health from childhood to young adulthood. Family functioning and SLE trajectories were significantly associated, however, the association of SLE trajectories and changes in mental health was not modified by family functioning. Mental health problems at age 11 increased the likelihood of high SLE trajectories during adolescence, and of experiencing negative family functioning. Conclusion Experiencing SLEs throughout adolescence does not have a direct impact on changes in mental health from childhood to young adulthood, but early adolescence mental health problems increase the likelihood of experiencing SLEs.

Identity refers to the fundamental question of “Who am I”, but also “What do I find important?” and “Who am I in different roles in my life?”. During adolescence, these questions gain in importance and forming a first version of one’s identity is considered the key task to complete during this life phase. The development of identity is a continuous process, with adolescents’ identity ever changing as they have new experiences and integrate these experiences in their sense of self. It is suggested, however, that identity development may receive a boost from the experience of major life events or transitions, which force adolescents to reconsider who they are in a new or vastly changed context. The impact of such experiences on identity may depend on adolescents’ personality and their social context. Findings from this dissertation suggest that life events and transitions are indeed important, but that their impact is not set in stone. Rather, their impact depends on how adolescents interpret these experiences. If and how adolescents integrate such experiences in their identity is linked to their broader functioning. In general, being able to integrate and make meaning out of experiences is linked to better functioning, but this is not true for all adolescents and all types of experiences. Individual differences in the personalities and social contexts of adolescents predict differences in identity and functioning. However, these factors do not seem to play a role in the impact of life events and transitions on identity.

Identity refers to the fundamental question of “Who am I”, but also “What do I find important?” and “Who am I in different roles in my life?”. During adolescence, these questions gain in importance and forming a first version of one’s identity is considered the key task to complete during this life phase. The development of identity is a continuous process, with adolescents’ identity ever changing as they have new experiences and integrate these experiences in their sense of self. It is suggested, however, that identity development may receive a boost from the experience of major life events or transitions, which force adolescents to reconsider who they are in a new or vastly changed context. The impact of such experiences on identity may depend on adolescents’ personality and their social context. Findings from this dissertation suggest that life events and transitions are indeed important, but that their impact is not set in stone. Rather, their impact depends on how adolescents interpret these experiences. If and how adolescents integrate such experiences in their identity is linked to their broader functioning. In general, being able to integrate and make meaning out of experiences is linked to better functioning, but this is not true for all adolescents and all types of experiences. Individual differences in the personalities and social contexts of adolescents predict differences in identity and functioning. However, these factors do not seem to play a role in the impact of life events and transitions on identity.

SamenvattingZowel internaliserende als externaliserende gedragsproblemen pieken en worden meer zichtbaar tijdens de adolescentie. Het leggen van sociale contacten maar ook het leren verloopt daardoor moeizamer. Samenhang tussen zwakke executieve functies en gedragsproblemen alsook tussen sensorische prikkelverwerking en gedragsproblemen werd in eerder onderzoek aangetoond. Of sensorische prikkelverwerking en executieve functies met elkaar interacteren in relatie met gedragsproblemen werd amper onderzocht. Doel van dit onderzoek was nagaan of de samenhang tussen sensorische prikkelverwerking en het vertonen van gedragsproblemen beïnvloed wordt door de sterkte van de executieve functies. Dit werd onderzocht middels een observationeel, correlationeel verklarend design waarbij gebruik werd gemaakt van een gestratificeerde aselecte steekproef. 43 leerlingen deden mee aan dit onderzoek, 42% waren jongens en 58% waren meisjes. De sensorische prikkelverwerking werd gemeten met de Adolescent Adult Sensory Profile (Rietman, 2007). De internaliserende en externaliserende gedragsproblemen zijn gemeten met de Youth Self Report (Verhelst & van den Ende, 2013). De executieve functies werden gedragsmatig gemeten met de Teenage Executive Functioning Inventory (Thorell et al., 2020) en de ESQ-R (Dawson & Guare, 2010). Met multiple regressieanalyses (SPSS 28, IBM) werd een significant verband aan tussen sensorische prikkelverwerking en executieve functies aangetoond. Daarnaast vertoonden jongeren die minder prikkelvermijdend gedrag of meer gebrekkige registratie gedrag vertoonden of een zwakke inhibitie hadden, meer externaliserende gedragsproblemen. Jongeren die meer prikkelvermijdend gedrag stelden vertoonden meer internaliserende gedragsproblemen. Tenslotte bleek de samenhang tussen gebrekkige registratie en externaliserende gedragsproblemen indirect te zijn, deze samenhang werd verklaard door een zwakke inhibitie. Vervolgonderzoek met een grotere steekproef is wenselijk.

Where do I belong? It is a question that is relevant to everyone, but especially for youth growing up with divorced parents. Experiencing a sense of belonging, “feeling at home”, is a fundamental human need with important implications for the development and functioning of youth. For children, the family is typically the first and primary context to which they experience belongingness. Also during adolescence, when non-familial social contexts become more important, the family ideally remains the secure base from which they can develop themselves. A parental divorce makes experiencing family belongingness considerably more complex, as it involves drastic changes with regard to their living situation, their contact with parents, and the relationship between parents. Moreover, an increasing number of youth nowadays lives a substantial amount of time with each of their parents, which means they have two places to call home. To increase our understanding of how families reorganize after a divorce and how adolescents function within these families, this dissertation focused on adolescents’ sense of belonging after divorce. To this end, the two aims of this dissertation were (1) To examine associations between adolescents’ sense of post-divorce belonging to various social contexts on the one hand and their adjustment on the other, and (2) To examine family dynamics that may play a facilitating role in adolescents’ sense of family belonging, including coparenting and parenting behaviors of fathers and mothers, and aspects related to care and contact arrangements after divorce.

Where do I belong? It is a question that is relevant to everyone, but especially for youth growing up with divorced parents. Experiencing a sense of belonging, “feeling at home”, is a fundamental human need with important implications for the development and functioning of youth. For children, the family is typically the first and primary context to which they experience belongingness. Also during adolescence, when non-familial social contexts become more important, the family ideally remains the secure base from which they can develop themselves. A parental divorce makes experiencing family belongingness considerably more complex, as it involves drastic changes with regard to their living situation, their contact with parents, and the relationship between parents. Moreover, an increasing number of youth nowadays lives a substantial amount of time with each of their parents, which means they have two places to call home. To increase our understanding of how families reorganize after a divorce and how adolescents function within these families, this dissertation focused on adolescents’ sense of belonging after divorce. To this end, the two aims of this dissertation were (1) To examine associations between adolescents’ sense of post-divorce belonging to various social contexts on the one hand and their adjustment on the other, and (2) To examine family dynamics that may play a facilitating role in adolescents’ sense of family belonging, including coparenting and parenting behaviors of fathers and mothers, and aspects related to care and contact arrangements after divorce.

Deteriorated functioning is a part of the clinical-high risk (CHR) criteria for psychosis. Diminished social, educational and occupational functioning in the phase of late adolescence and early adulthood are associated with long-term social, economic and health consequences, which stresses the importance of early intervention to stimulate functioning. This pilot study examines the effectiveness and feasibility of the choose-get-keep model of Supported Education and Supported Employment (SEE) to improve educational and occupational functioning of individuals at CHR for a psychosis. A single blind randomized controlled pilot study combined SEE with treatment as usual (TAU) versus TAU among adolescents and early adults at CHR. School performance and job status as well as global functioning scales were assessed at twelve months. Of the 78 eligible participants, 20 individuals consented to participate in this study. At follow-up, participants in the intervention condition (n = 9) did not start an education more often than the participants in the control condition (n = 11) and the school results for both conditions were similar. However, in the intervention condition there were no school dropouts, more participants gained a job and worked longer hours. Two participants quit the intervention. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that a SEE intervention is effective and feasible in sustaining and improving the level of both educational and occupational functioning of individuals at CHR for psychosis by supporting them in attaining, keeping and elaborating of their education or employment.

The overall goal of this dissertation was to investigate the complex interplay between person-related factors (i.e., status and behaviors) and multiple contextual effects on status-related behaviors in adolescents. The behaviors of adolescents are clearly associated with the behaviors of their peers in multiple overlapping contexts. In each context, individual characteristics (e.g., popularity), group characteristics (e.g., the distribution of status in a classroom, mean levels of alcohol use, relational aggression norms), and their interactions play a role. On the outcome side, the story varies depending on whether one wishes to predict, for example, adolescents’ health-risk behaviors, their achievement of status, or the process of conformity to peers. Associations varied considerably, but in all studies the group co-facilitated individual influence. Interventions are therefore likely to benefit from targeting individuals within groups rather than individuals in isolation. Furthermore, the set of research questions across the six studies led to four noteworthy contributions to peer influence and sociometric research: (a) investigating peer influence effects in multiple peer contexts and including multiple individual and contextual characteristics simultaneously as interacting sources of influence, (b) improving the sociometric measurement of peer status, (c) using ecologically valid field experiments to determine specific peer influence effects, and (d) investigating multiple group composition effects simultaneously using a new methodological framework, the GAPIM (Kenny & Garcia, 2012). Unraveling associations between individual and group-level characteristics is a fascinating enterprise. Yet, it is also a challenging endeavor. Fortunately, this will be increasingly possible thanks to the further development of new methods and analyses, such as those used in our studies (e.g., Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model) and others (e.g., Stochastic Actor-Based Modelling). There is an exciting time ahead of us in the study of adolescent peer influence processes.

This dissertation has contributed to the literature by looking at the effect of growing up in a single-parent family during childhood and adolescence on adolescents’ involvement in delinquency. More specifically, it investigated whether different types of single-parent families have different effects, and whether these effects depend on parental involvement in crime. These relationships were investigated by means of a systematic review based on empirical literature and three empirical studies based on Dutch population register data provided by Statistics Netherlands. This dissertation has shown that 1) there is a positive relation between experiencing the start of a single-parent family as a child or adolescent and the engagement in crime during adolescence, 2) there is a higher likelihood for offspring born to a single parent to engage in crime, followed by offspring with separated parents and offspring experiencing parental death, 3) there is a higher likelihood for offspring to engage in crime when the single-parent family starts at a younger age compared to a later age or when children grow up with only a biological mother, both for sons and daughters, compared to only a biological father, 4) there is a short-term increase of adolescent delinquency after a parental separation and an anticipatory reduction in adolescent delinquency before a parental death, and 5) in certain family situations, generally a parental separation that leads to living with the parent who does not engage in criminal behavior appears to reduce the risk of offspring engaging in crime. Overall, this dissertation underscores the importance of researching the effects of single-parent families on the offspring, because growing up in a single-parent family influences the future of the offspring with regard to their delinquent behavior. To be able to obtain a complete image about the effects of growing up in a single-parent family and adolescent delinquency, it is very important to continue to perform high-quality research on this topic in the future.

This dissertation has contributed to the literature by looking at the effect of growing up in a single-parent family during childhood and adolescence on adolescents’ involvement in delinquency. More specifically, it investigated whether different types of single-parent families have different effects, and whether these effects depend on parental involvement in crime. These relationships were investigated by means of a systematic review based on empirical literature and three empirical studies based on Dutch population register data provided by Statistics Netherlands. This dissertation has shown that 1) there is a positive relation between experiencing the start of a single-parent family as a child or adolescent and the engagement in crime during adolescence, 2) there is a higher likelihood for offspring born to a single parent to engage in crime, followed by offspring with separated parents and offspring experiencing parental death, 3) there is a higher likelihood for offspring to engage in crime when the single-parent family starts at a younger age compared to a later age or when children grow up with only a biological mother, both for sons and daughters, compared to only a biological father, 4) there is a short-term increase of adolescent delinquency after a parental separation and an anticipatory reduction in adolescent delinquency before a parental death, and 5) in certain family situations, generally a parental separation that leads to living with the parent who does not engage in criminal behavior appears to reduce the risk of offspring engaging in crime. Overall, this dissertation underscores the importance of researching the effects of single-parent families on the offspring, because growing up in a single-parent family influences the future of the offspring with regard to their delinquent behavior. To be able to obtain a complete image about the effects of growing up in a single-parent family and adolescent delinquency, it is very important to continue to perform high-quality research on this topic in the future.

This dissertation has contributed to the literature by looking at the effect of growing up in a single-parent family during childhood and adolescence on adolescents’ involvement in delinquency. More specifically, it investigated whether different types of single-parent families have different effects, and whether these effects depend on parental involvement in crime. These relationships were investigated by means of a systematic review based on empirical literature and three empirical studies based on Dutch population register data provided by Statistics Netherlands. This dissertation has shown that 1) there is a positive relation between experiencing the start of a single-parent family as a child or adolescent and the engagement in crime during adolescence, 2) there is a higher likelihood for offspring born to a single parent to engage in crime, followed by offspring with separated parents and offspring experiencing parental death, 3) there is a higher likelihood for offspring to engage in crime when the single-parent family starts at a younger age compared to a later age or when children grow up with only a biological mother, both for sons and daughters, compared to only a biological father, 4) there is a short-term increase of adolescent delinquency after a parental separation and an anticipatory reduction in adolescent delinquency before a parental death, and 5) in certain family situations, generally a parental separation that leads to living with the parent who does not engage in criminal behavior appears to reduce the risk of offspring engaging in crime. Overall, this dissertation underscores the importance of researching the effects of single-parent families on the offspring, because growing up in a single-parent family influences the future of the offspring with regard to their delinquent behavior. To be able to obtain a complete image about the effects of growing up in a single-parent family and adolescent delinquency, it is very important to continue to perform high-quality research on this topic in the future.

We examined trajectories of multiple health risk behavior (MHRB) patterns throughout adolescence, and changes in mental health from childhood to young adulthood. Further, we assessed how continuity or onset of MHRBs overall were associated with subsequent changes in mental health, and whether this varied by type of MHRBs. We used six waves of the prospective Dutch TRAILS study (2001-2016; n = 2229), covering ages 11 until 23. We measured MHRBs (substance use: alcohol misuse, cannabis use, smoking; and obesity-related: overweight, physical inactivity, irregular breakfast intake) at three time points during adolescence. We assessed mental health as Youth/Adult Self-report total problems at ages 11 and 23. Latent class growth analyses and ANOVA were used to examine longitudinal trajectories and associations. We identified six developmental trajectories for the total of MHRBs and mental health. Trajectories varied regarding likelihood of MHRBs throughout adolescence, mental health at baseline, and changes in mental health problems in young adulthood. We found no associations for the continuity of overall MHRBs throughout adolescence, and neither for early, mid- or late onset, with changes in mental health problems in young adulthood. However, continuity of MHRBs in the obesity-related subgroup was significantly associated with an increase in mental health problems. Adolescents with the same MHRB patterns may, when reaching adulthood, have different levels of mental health problems, with mental health at age 11 being an important predictor. Further, involvement with obesity-related MHRBs continuously throughout adolescence is associated with increased mental health problems in young adulthood.

We examined trajectories of multiple health risk behavior (MHRB) patterns throughout adolescence, and changes in mental health from childhood to young adulthood. Further, we assessed how continuity or onset of MHRBs overall were associated with subsequent changes in mental health, and whether this varied by type of MHRBs. We used six waves of the prospective Dutch TRAILS study (2001–2016; n =2229), covering ages 11 until 23. We measured MHRBs (substance use: alcohol misuse, cannabis use, smoking; and obesity-related: overweight, physical inactivity, irregular breakfast intake) at three time points during adolescence. We assessed mental health as Youth/Adult Self-report total problems at ages 11 and 23. Latent class growth analyses and ANOVA were used to examine longitudinal trajectories and associations. We identified six developmental trajectories for the total of MHRBs and mental health. Trajectories varied regarding likelihood of MHRBs throughout adolescence, mental health at baseline, and changes in mental health problems in young adulthood. We found no associations for the continuity of overall MHRBs throughout adolescence, and neither for early, mid- or late onset, with changes in mental health problems in young adult-hood. However, continuity of MHRBs in the obesity-related subgroup was significantly associated with an in-crease in mental health problems. Adolescents with the same MHRB patterns may, when reaching adulthood, have different levels of mental health problems, with mental health at age 11 being an important predictor. Further, involvement with obesity- related MHRBs continuously throughout adolescence is associated with increased mental health problems in young adulthood.

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that maternal mental health issues are associated with (young) children’s weight outcomes. However, most studies have been limited by cross-sectional designs and have been aimed at (younger) children. The current prospective study focuses on the link between maternal mental health (i.e., psychological stress and depressive symptoms) and adolescents’ zBMI development.MethodsThe participants in the present study were part of wave 1 and 2 of a longitudinal study on Dutch adolescents’ and their parents’ health behavior. Adolescents (aged 10–14) and their parents were recruited through six secondary schools in the South and the East of the Netherlands. For this study, we only included biological mothers and their adolescent children who participated in both waves, with data on the main measures in both waves, leaving a final sample of 336 biological mother-child dyads. Adolescents height and weight were measured, and both parents and adolescents filled in validated questionnaires on perceived stress and depressive symptoms and answered additional questions concerning domain-specific stress. Regression analyses were performed in R to examine longitudinal links between maternal stress and depressive symptoms at baseline (T1) and adolescents’ BMI standard deviation scores (zBMI) 6 months later (T2), corrected for baseline zBMI and covariates.ResultsMaternal general perceived stress (β = .20,p = .002) at T1 preceded higher adolescents’ zBMI at T2, after controlling for baseline zBMI and other covariates, whereas maternal depressive symptoms at T1 (β = −.05,p = .44) and other domain-specific stress did not (maternal financial stress, maternal stress at work, maternal stress at home). Additionally, lower educational level among adolescents (β = .16,p = .001) and adolescent depressive symptoms (β = .16,p = .001) was associated with a higher zBMI at T2.ConclusionsResults suggest that maternal general stress, but not depressive symptoms, may influence adolescents’ weight development. Our findings warrant future investigation on whether and how general stress among mothers may predict weight increases of their adolescent offspring.

‘Toekomstgericht werken’ is het nieuwe credo in de ondersteuning van kwetsbare jongeren tussen de zestien en zevenentwintig jaar. De aanpak biedt mooie aanknopingspunten, maar voor veel jongeren zit de uitdaging vooral in weten wat ze nú nodig hebben of moeten doen om dit te realiseren.

In deze coronatijden moeten we zoveel mogelijk fysiek afstand houden, omdat we elkaar anders ziek kunnen maken. Hoe ervaren jongeren de persoonlijke afstand en nabijheid van hulpverleners in het normale leven?

In deze coronatijden moeten we zoveel mogelijk fysiek afstand houden, omdat we elkaar anders ziek kunnen maken. Hoe ervaren jongeren de persoonlijke afstand en nabijheid van hulpverleners in het normale leven?

Shared leadership is described as the dynamic process of distributing leadership influence across multiple team members. It is viewed as an effective form of management to deal with increased complexity in youth team sport. However, literature on youth leadership development and reliable and valid measures to assess shared leadership in youth sport is still lacking. This paper seeks to make a contribution to the youth leadership literature by developing an instrument to measure shared leadership among young football players. A total of 746 U17 players from 62 different youth football teams in two samples in The Netherlands were surveyed. The Youth Athlete Shared Leadership (YASL) in football instrument comprises three factors: ‘steering’, ‘coaching’ and ‘intervening’. This research contributes to the common understanding of youth leadership development in general and youth team leadership in particular. The practical contribution is a tool for coaches to develop shared leadership behavior in youth football.

Jongeren waarderen hulp vooral als zij concrete resultaten ervaren. Dit vraagt om alerte hulpverleners die in staat zijn te zien waar deze jongeren dagelijks mee te maken hebben.

Jongeren waarderen hulp vooral als zij concrete resultaten ervaren. Dit vraagt om alerte hulpverleners die in staat zijn te zien waar deze jongeren dagelijks mee te maken hebben.

Roel van Goor en Marte Wiersma gaan in dit boekhoofdstuk in op de vraag hoe jongeren in overgang naar volwassenheid adequaat ondersteund kunnen worden. Alle partijen willen volgens Van Goor en Wiersma jongeren in deze cruciale levensfase centraal zetten, maar hanteren verschillende perspectieven op wat dat inhoudt. Uit verhalen van de jongeren zelf leiden de auteurs een nieuw perspectief af dat aanknopingspunten biedt om de jongeren centraal te stellen. In dit relationeel perspectief gaat het om oprechte interesse van de hulpverlener in diens persoonlijke verhouding tot de jongere. Om de belangen van de jongeren te dienen moet de kwaliteit van de hulpverleningsrelatie centraal staan. Die kwaliteit is volgens de auteurs voorwaardelijk om jongeren te kunnen helpen bij de verschillende uitdagingen waarvoor zij zich gesteld zien.

Roel van Goor en Marte Wiersma gaan in dit boekhoofdstuk in op de vraag hoe jongeren in overgang naar volwassenheid adequaat ondersteund kunnen worden. Alle partijen willen volgens Van Goor en Wiersma jongeren in deze cruciale levensfase centraal zetten, maar hanteren verschillende perspectieven op wat dat inhoudt. Uit verhalen van de jongeren zelf leiden de auteurs een nieuw perspectief af dat aanknopingspunten biedt om de jongeren centraal te stellen. In dit relationeel perspectief gaat het om oprechte interesse van de hulpverlener in diens persoonlijke verhouding tot de jongere. Om de belangen van de jongeren te dienen moet de kwaliteit van de hulpverleningsrelatie centraal staan. Die kwaliteit is volgens de auteurs voorwaardelijk om jongeren te kunnen helpen bij de verschillende uitdagingen waarvoor zij zich gesteld zien.

Deze rapportage dient twee doelen: inzichtelijk maken van de opbrengst van de evaluatie van de pilot Adolescentiepsychologie in de context van de school, en aanwijzingen genereren voor de verbetering van de leerwerktaak Adolescentiepsychologie. De doelgroep van deze rapportage is het team van schoolopleiders die de leerwerktaak heeft ontwikkeld en uitgevoerd, de lerarenopleiding van Hogeschool Rotterdam, en de stuurgroepen van de opleidingsscholen.

Deze rapportage dient twee doelen: inzichtelijk maken van de opbrengst van de evaluatie van de pilot Adolescentiepsychologie in de context van de school, en aanwijzingen genereren voor de verbetering van de leerwerktaak Adolescentiepsychologie. De doelgroep van deze rapportage is het team van schoolopleiders die de leerwerktaak heeft ontwikkeld en uitgevoerd, de lerarenopleiding van Hogeschool Rotterdam, en de stuurgroepen van de opleidingsscholen.

In dit artikel worden de bevindingen van Project STARS Deelproject 3 beschreven, waarin de rol van Internet in de adolescente seksuele ontwikkeling is onderzocht. De verschillende empirische studies die zijn uitgevoerd hadden tot doel meer inzicht te bieden in (1) de prevalentie en ontwikkeling van verschillende seksgerelateerde online gedragingen tijdens de adolescentie; (2) hun longitudinale relaties met seksuele cognities, emoties en gedragingen; en (3) de manier waarop seksgerelateerd Internetgebruik is ingebed in persoonlijke en sociale contexten. De bevindingen suggereren dat de meeste seksgerelateerde online gedragingen minder wijdverbreid zijn onder adolescenten dan vaak wordt gedacht of gevreesd. Desalniettemin zijn de longitudinale en kwalitatieve gegevens in overeenstemming met de theoretische assumptie dat seksgerelateerde online gedragingen via verschillende processen van invloed zijn op seksuele ontwikkelingsprocessen. Daarnaast benadrukken de onderzoeksresultaten dat seksgerelateerd Internetgebruik niet plaatsvindt in een vacuüm, maar dat het is verweven met verschillende intra- en interpersoonlijke processen. Zo bleek dat seksgerelateerde online gedragingen overtuigingen van jongeren over gangbaar en geaccepteerd seksueel gedrag onder leeftijdsgenoten kunnen vormen, welke vervolgens eigen seksueel gedrag voorspellen. De verschillende studies lieten bovendien zien dat er vele vormen van congruentie bestaan tussen persoonlijke eigenschappen, interesses en sociale contexten van adolescenten enerzijds en seksgerelateerd Internetgebruik anderzijds. De bevindingen van dit deelproject dragen bij aan theorievorming en kennis omtrent de rol van het Internet in de adolescente seksuele ontwikkeling. Zij bevatten tevens relevante implicaties voor ouders, scholen en interventieontwikkelaars die ernaar streven een gezonde en positieve seksuele ontwikkeling te stimuleren.

Dit onderzoek laat zien hoe in de steden Amsterdam, Haarlem en Rotterdam na de transitie van het sociaal domein structuur is gegeven aan de zorg voor en ondersteuning van jongeren van 12 tot 23 jaar en welke rol wijkteams daarin vervullen. Per stad zijn ook vergelijkenderwijs verschillen en overeenkomsten naar voren gebracht, waaronder fricties en aandachtspunten die zich in beleid en uitvoering voordoen. De inzichten uit dit onderzoek hebben een basis geboden voor het vervolgonderzoek Ondersteuning Jeugd in Overgang naar Volwassenheid dat van 2017-2022 is uitgevoerd met RAAK-Pro financiering van Stichting Innovatie Alliantie (SIA).

Dit onderzoek laat zien hoe in de steden Amsterdam, Haarlem en Rotterdam na de transitie van het sociaal domein structuur is gegeven aan de zorg voor en ondersteuning van jongeren van 12 tot 23 jaar en welke rol wijkteams daarin vervullen. Per stad zijn ook vergelijkenderwijs verschillen en overeenkomsten naar voren gebracht, waaronder fricties en aandachtspunten die zich in beleid en uitvoering voordoen. De inzichten uit dit onderzoek hebben een basis geboden voor het vervolgonderzoek Ondersteuning Jeugd in Overgang naar Volwassenheid dat van 2017-2022 is uitgevoerd met RAAK-Pro financiering van Stichting Innovatie Alliantie (SIA).

ispartof: Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie vol:58 issue:5 pages:371-379 status: published