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Background: Active Support is a staff practice that aims to increase engagement of people with intellectual disabilities. This study seeks to: (1) identify the outcomes of staff using Active Support and how these are measured; (2) identify how the views of people with intellectual disabilities have been included in Active Support research. Method: A scoping review was conducted of peer‐reviewed articles about Active Support published between 2009 and 2023. Results: Sixteen articles were identified. Outcomes included engagement, the quality of staff support, choice and challenging behaviour. Structured observations were the most frequently used measurement method. Only two studies explored people with intellectual disabilities' perspectives about Active Support. Conclusions: Consistent use of similar measures is a strength of Active Support research. Including perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities may provide insight into dimensions of support not been measured and assist in further developing these measures and Active Support practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When traditional grid-forming converters directly participate in the grid-connected operation of the power grid, due to the lack of a pre-synchronization control system, the voltage amplitude and initial phase on both sides of the grid-connected point will deviate, resulting in voltage and current distortion during grid-connected mode. An active support phase-locked loop free pre-synchronization control strategy based on the third-order model of a synchronous generator is proposed to address the grid-connected problem of the grid-forming converter mentioned above. First, a model of active support control with frequency integral feedback at small signal levels was constructed. The root locus method was employed to examine how system parameters affect the stability of the active support control system. Second, by adding phase pre-synchronization controllers and amplitude pre-synchronization controllers to the active frequency loop and excitation voltage loop of the third-order model, it was ensured that the frequency, phase, and voltage amplitude of the unit are consistent with the power grid, achieving a fast and smooth grid-connected mode of the unit. Finally, by using a DC source to simulate all types of new energy power generation equipment, the active support pre-synchronization control system based on the three-order model of synchronous generator is built in the MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment, and the accuracy and effectiveness of the control strategy in this paper is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nPoints of interestThe online learning resource ‘Every Moment has Potential’ (2015) aimed to teach direct support professionals about the values underlying active support, especially choice and control. This is unsurprising: these values anchor disability rights activism and policies. However, accompanying videos meant to illustrate choice and control offer a more nuanced story. My qualitative analysis brings in Lori Marso’s concept of freedom in the encounter to theorize four kinds of encounters in active support relationships: encounters that treat people as people; encounters that encourage surprise and spontaneity; encounters of mutual and safe touch; and challenging encounters. I aim to question critically the explicit values alongside the practices of active support. Plus, by using online YouTube videos as analysis, I hope to encourage more creative ways to include people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in academic work, especially theoretical and philosophical work about intellectual disability.Support workers help people do things, like cook, clean, shop, and have fun.Some people say that support workers should help people with disabilities make choices.I watched videos that showed support workers helping people with intellectual disabilities to see if this was true.Helping people make choices is good, but good support workers help in other ways, too.Good support workers treat people with intellectual disabilities like people. They help people with intellectual disabilities have fun. They try new things together. And support workers and people with intellectual disabilities can use physical touch with each other in good and safe ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Method:Results:Conclusions:Support from staff plays an important role in quality of life for people with intellectual disability. This study focuses on service users' views of Active Support as good support and whether Active Support increases the quality of everyday support in group homes.Nine service users were interviewed at baseline and at follow-up one year after staff received Active Support training. Thematic analyses were used to develop themes.Three main themes were created: (1) Home is more than just a place, it is a feeling; (2) Good care is caring with accessible communication; and (3) Time is precious. Participants were more satisfied with most of the support at follow-up, particularly choice-making, control in everyday life, relationships, and emotional support.Active Support corresponds well with service users’ perceptions of good support. In future studies of Active Support service users' voices should be a part of the follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of M/NiCo-Ferrite (M: Pt, Pd, Ru, and Rh) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, through a facile sol–gel auto-combustion followed by impregnation-reduction approach, as a catalyst for hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of NaBH4. All synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption method, ICP-OES, FE-SEM, and EDX analysis. Compared to the other samples, it was observed that the Rh/NiCo-Ferrite sample exhibited higher particle distribution and surface area. To evaluate the hydrogen generation rate, the hydrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 35 °C, with an aqueous solution containing 5 wt.% NaBH4 and 3 wt.% NaOH. The experimental findings indicate that the Rh/NiCo-Ferrite sample exhibited a superior rate of hydrogen generation, with an average value of 11,667 mL/min.gcat, compared to the other samples studied. Enhanced catalytic properties may be responsible for its high activity. In addition, the activation energy of hydrolysis of sodium borohydride over the Rh/NiCo-Ferrite sample was 54.5 kJ/mol which is lower than the activation energy of many Ferrite-based catalysts. Moreover, the re-usability test of the Rh/NiCo-Ferrite sample denoted a decline in the catalytic activity after 4 recycling experiments due to the alterations in morphology and the reduction in the quantity of active phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A series of M/NiCo-Ferrite (M: Pt, Pd, Ru, and Rh) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, through a facile sol–gel auto-combustion followed by impregnation-reduction approach, as a catalyst for hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of NaBH4. All synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption method, ICP-OES, FE-SEM, and EDX analysis. Compared to the other samples, it was observed that the Rh/NiCo-Ferrite sample exhibited higher particle distribution and surface area. To evaluate the hydrogen generation rate, the hydrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 35 °C, with an aqueous solution containing 5 wt.% NaBH4 and 3 wt.% NaOH. The experimental findings indicate that the Rh/NiCo-Ferrite sample exhibited a superior rate of hydrogen generation, with an average value of 11,667 mL/min.gcat, compared to the other samples studied. Enhanced catalytic properties may be responsible for its high activity. In addition, the activation energy of hydrolysis of sodium borohydride over the Rh/NiCo-Ferrite sample was 54.5 kJ/mol which is lower than the activation energy of many Ferrite-based catalysts. Moreover, the re-usability test of the Rh/NiCo-Ferrite sample denoted a decline in the catalytic activity after 4 recycling experiments due to the alterations in morphology and the reduction in the quantity of active phase.

The use of prestressing anchor active support technology in tunnel engineering is becoming morecommon.However, the support characteristics and mechanism of action have not been fully understood for shallow, large-span rocky tunnels.In order to investigate the bearing characteristics of the surrounding rock under the prestressed anchor support system, a concealed excavation station of Qingdao Metro Line 6 was used as the engineering background, and based on the similarity principle of formulating experimental materials for stratum and support structure modelling, the bearing characteristics of the anchors under the prestressed anchor and ordinary anchor support were investigated by hydraulic loading tests.The results indicate that: ① The interaction between prestressed anchors and the surrounding rock creates a load-bearing anchor solid that can effectively support most of the overlying loads.The application of prestressed anchors during the overburden loading process increased the warning load value of tunnel instability damage by 42.8% and the ultimate load value by 41.2%.② The overburden loading process involved the prestressing anchors going through the tight anchorage load holding stage and the de-anchorage unloading stage.Simultaneously, the lining underwent the strain accumulation stage, strain surge stage, and strain release stage during the overlay loading process.③ The prestressed anchor under active support has better force synergy with the rock body than an ordinary anchor, without the axial force mutation phenomenon.This allows the support performance of the anchor to be fully utilized.Additionally, the prestressed active support effectively inhibits the development of fissures and significantly improves the overall stability of the tunnel.

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The maximum excavation span of the large-span transition section of Badaling Great Wall station is 32.7 m, and the excavation section is as large as 494.4 m2. It is rather difficult to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock during tunnel excavation, therefore, it is necessary to select appropriate construction methods. In the present study, three methods commonly used for excavating large-span tunnels including the three-bench seven-step excavation method, double side drift method, and sequential excavation method (SEM) were used in excavating the 30 m-level large-span tunnels and the results were compared. The principal stress distribution of the surrounding rock, arch settlement, and plastic zone range obtained for the three construction methods was compared using numerical calculation, thus determining the optimal construction method and proposing specific support measures. The feasibility of the construction method and the reliability of support settings were verified by monitoring the arch settlement and surrounding rock damage zone. The results from the numerical calculation and field monitoring were analyzed. The SEM was advantageous over the other two methods for the excavation of 30 m-level large-span tunnels. It is necessary to emphasize the excavation and support of the arch and the middle bench when the SEM is adopted. It was feasible to maximize the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock by establishing a multi-level support system with anchor cables and anchor bolts of different lengths. The study findings can provide a reference for excavating 30 m-level large-span tunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Active Support is a person-centred practice that enables people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) to engage in meaningful activities and social interactions. The Active Support Measure (ASM) is an observational tool designed to measure the quality of support that people with IDs living in supported accommodation services receive from staff. The aim of the study was to explore the underlying constructs of the ASM. Methods Multilevel exploratory factor analysis was conducted on ASM data (n = 884 people with IDs across 236 accommodation services) collected during a longitudinal study of Active Support in Australian accommodation services. Results Multilevel exploratory factor analysis indicated that 12 of the ASM’s 15 items loaded on two factors, named Supporting Engagement in Activities and Interacting with the Person. Conclusions The 12-item ASM measures two dimensions of the quality of staff support. Both technical and interpersonal skills comprise good Active Support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The strength of practice leadership predicts the quality of Active Support but it can be compromised by other demands on frontline managers. The study aimed to identify and understand differences in practice leadership over time and between organisations. Method: Data collected in 2022 in 96 services from 11 organisations using the Observed Measure of Practice Leadership were compared to similar data from 2013 and 2018. Qualitative fieldnotes were analysed thematically. Findings: Practice leadership scores increased significantly between 2013 and 2018 but declined significantly between 2018 and 2022. Scores were significantly higher in organisations that had implemented Active Support since 2013 compared to later adopters. Higher scoring organisations had structures that supported frontline managers with practice leadership and that countered increasing administrative demands. Conclusions: Establishment of support structures for practice leadership by organisations warrants further investigation together with the relative importance of each task of practice leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When traditional grid-forming converters directly participate in the grid-connected operation of the power grid, due to the lack of a pre-synchronization control system, the voltage amplitude and initial phase on both sides of the grid-connected point will deviate, resulting in voltage and current distortion during grid-connected mode. An active support phase-locked loop free pre-synchronization control strategy based on the third-order model of a synchronous generator is proposed to address the grid-connected problem of the grid-forming converter mentioned above. First, a model of active support control with frequency integral feedback at small signal levels was constructed. The root locus method was employed to examine how system parameters affect the stability of the active support control system. Second, by adding phase pre-synchronization controllers and amplitude pre-synchronization controllers to the active frequency loop and excitation voltage loop of the third-order model, it was ensured that the frequency, phase, and voltage amplitude of the unit are consistent with the power grid, achieving a fast and smooth grid-connected mode of the unit. Finally, by using a DC source to simulate all types of new energy power generation equipment, the active support pre-synchronization control system based on the three-order model of synchronous generator is built in the MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment, and the accuracy and effectiveness of the control strategy in this paper is verified.

In order to improve the utilization of user-side power resources in the distribution network and promote energy conservation, this paper designs a distributed system suitable for power demand response (DR), considering multi-agent system (MAS) technology and consistency algorithms. Due to the frequent changes in the power system structure caused by changes in the load of a large number of users, this paper proposes using cluster partitioning indicators as communication weights between agents, enabling agents to utilize the distribution network for collaborative optimization. In order to achieve the integration of multiple load-side power resources and improve the refinement level of demand-side management (DSM), two types of agents with load aggregator (LA) functions are provided, which adopt the demand response strategies of Time-of-Use (TOU) or Direct Load Control (DLC) and model the uncertainty of individual device states using Monte Carlo method, so that the two typical flexible loads can achieve the target load-reduction requirements under the MAS framework. The research results demonstrate that this method achieves complementary advantages of the two types of loads participating in DR on a time scale, reducing the costs of power companies and saving customers' electricity bills while peak shaving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Introduction] Large-scale connection of wind power to the power grid poses great challenges to the stability (especially frequency stability) of grid operation.In order to solve the problem of inadequate frequency regulation capability caused by large-scale connection of wind power to the power grid and improve the frequency adaptability of wind power grid connection, wind turbines need to have frequency regulation function and response timeliness. [Method] This paper adopted a frequency regulation system scheme based on rotor kinetic energy and pitch angle reserve, which could provide active support for the power grid quickly and accurately during the power grid frequency change. Firstly, the main control algorithm was designed based on the theoretical analysis of inertia response and primary frequency regulation algorithm logic. Then, the functional verification was carried out on the co-simulation platform. Finally, the actual test was carried out in a project.[Result] The simulation and test results showed that the frequency regulation system scheme based on rotor kinetic energy and pitch angle reserve could cope with a variety of grid frequency changes and quickly provided active support. [Conclusion] The frequency regulation system scheme of wind turbines can perform a fast inertia response (with the response time less than 500 ms) and primary frequency regulation response (with the response time less than 5 s) under various frequency change conditions and provide active support for the power grid, which can help recover the grid frequency and effectively improve the frequency adaptability of wind turbines.

Copyright of Electric Power is the property of Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the fluctuation of PV power, it is difficult to keep the active power of the PV grid-connected inverter constant. To address the above problems, this paper proposed a new three-level integrated photovoltaic storage machine consisting of a T-type three-level DC/AC converter, a three-level Boost converter and a three-level bi-directional DC/DC converter and related control strategies. The three-level structure allowed for lower switching losses resulting in higher system efficiency and wider voltage range adaptability. In terms of control, frequency differentiation and deviation control were introduced in the control of the energy storage DC/DC converter to achieve frequency regulation of the transient/static support of the active power of the parallel network. The simulation and experiment show that when the frequency fluctuation range is 50.02~49.97 Hz (meeting the national standard), the new optical storage all-in-one machine proposed in this paper can operate stably and be easily realized.

To improve the effect of gas drainage, with the aim of overcoming the problem of air leakage of conventional sealing materials, this study proposed the concept of gas drainage borehole sealing with active support and developed a new type of sealing material with the properties of permeability, fluidity, expansibility, early strength and compressive resistance through orthogonal tests. Using a specially designed active support testing device, this study analyzed the development law of borehole fracture under the action of active support force, which was then verified via field tests at a mine in Henan Province, China. The results show that the higher the expansion rate, the smaller the internal friction angle and cohesion, which is reflected in the sharp decline in the peak strength of the sealing material. The active support force of the sealing material has a significant time effect. It increases rapidly at first, before its growth rate slows down and tends toward a certain value. The greater the active support force provided by the sealing material, the smaller the radius of the plastic zone and breakage zone; this observation is also true of the displacement around the borehole. The active support force of sealed boreholes can effectively inhibit the development of cracks around the hole and reduce the generation of gas leakage channels. Under the action of the same burial depth and active support force, the larger the mechanical parameters of rock, the smaller the radius of the plastic zone and the breakage zone, as well as the smaller the displacement around the borehole. As has been proven by engineering practice, under the same conditions, the gas drainage concentration of the new sealing material is 47.5%, which is 84.8% higher than that of the original sealing material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Southern Energy Construction is the property of Southern Energy Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the fluctuation of PV power, it is difficult to keep the active power of the PV grid-connected inverter constant. To address the above problems, this paper proposed a new three-level integrated photovoltaic storage machine consisting of a T-type three-level DC/AC converter, a three-level Boost converter and a three-level bi-directional DC/DC converter and related control strategies. The three-level structure allowed for lower switching losses resulting in higher system efficiency and wider voltage range adaptability. In terms of control, frequency differentiation and deviation control were introduced in the control of the energy storage DC/DC converter to achieve frequency regulation of the transient/static support of the active power of the parallel network. The simulation and experiment show that when the frequency fluctuation range is 50.02～49.97 Hz（meeting the national standard）, the new optical storage all-in-one machine proposed in this paper can operate stably and be easily realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the promotion and application of prestressed active support technology in tunnel engineering, issues related to prestress loss and support system durability have gradually gained attention. This study combined laboratory experiments with numerical simulations to elucidate the mechanism through which post-grouting can mitigate prestress loss when the shear stress at the anchorage interface decreases. The laboratory experiments focused on investigating the influence of grout length on the loss mitigation efficacy of the anchorage system. The axial strain of the anchor rod was measured using distributed fiber optics and strain gauges. The results indicated that a loss of axial force occurred in the grout segment; after the stress loss of the anchorage segment, the axial force loss decreased as the distance from the anchoring section increased. As the grout length increased, the axial force loss (F c 2) at the tail end of the grout segment decreased until the grouting length reached ≥ 50 cm, after which F c 2 no longer experienced a loss. Subsequently, numerical calculations were conducted using the FLAC 3D software to determine the effects of different grout lengths and shear moduli of the grout solid on the loss mitigation of the anchorage system. The results revealed that under the same shear modulus conditions, the required minimum grout length was consistent. Moreover, when the grout length was less than the minimum required length, increasing the grout length and the shear modulus of the grout solid could improve the loss-mitigating effect of post-grouting. However, increasing the grout length improved the loss-mitigating effects compared to increasing the shear modulus of the grout solid. For instance, when the grout length was 20 cm, and the shear modulus of the grout solid was 2 GPa, even if the shear modulus was increased to 18 GPa, the loss rate of F c 2 remained at 32.41 %, whereas increasing the grouting length to 60 cm resulted in a loss rate of F c 2 of 0 %. Considering that the shear modulus of commonly used grout materials in engineering ranges from 2 to 10 GPa, there is a minimum grout length that ensures effective grouting outcomes. In Class II surrounding rock, when the initial prestress was 40 kN, the minimum grout length was 799–986 mm, 60 kN resulted in a minimum grout length of 975–1217 mm, and 80 kN resulted in a minimum grout length of 1151–1360 mm. When the initial prestress was 60 kN, the minimum grout length was 975–1217 mm for the Class II surrounding rock, 1133–1294 mm for Class III, and 1338–1364 mm for Class IV. • The mechanism of prestress loss of end-anchored anchorage system and loss mitigating effect of post-grouting is analyzed. • By using distibuted optical fibers, the impacts of different grout lengths on loss mitigating effect were studied. • The effect of grout length, shear modulus, surrounding rock grade and initial prestress on loss-mitigating is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the effect of gas drainage, with the aim of overcoming the problem of air leakage of conventional sealing materials, this study proposed the concept of gas drainage borehole sealing with active support and developed a new type of sealing material with the properties of permeability, fluidity, expansibility, early strength and compressive resistance through orthogonal tests. Using a specially designed active support testing device, this study analyzed the development law of borehole fracture under the action of active support force, which was then verified via field tests at a mine in Henan Province, China. The results show that the higher the expansion rate, the smaller the internal friction angle and cohesion, which is reflected in the sharp decline in the peak strength of the sealing material. The active support force of the sealing material has a significant time effect. It increases rapidly at first, before its growth rate slows down and tends toward a certain value. The greater the active support force provided by the sealing material, the smaller the radius of the plastic zone and breakage zone; this observation is also true of the displacement around the borehole. The active support force of sealed boreholes can effectively inhibit the development of cracks around the hole and reduce the generation of gas leakage channels. Under the action of the same burial depth and active support force, the larger the mechanical parameters of rock, the smaller the radius of the plastic zone and the breakage zone, as well as the smaller the displacement around the borehole. As has been proven by engineering practice, under the same conditions, the gas drainage concentration of the new sealing material is 47.5%, which is 84.8% higher than that of the original sealing material.

Managers of a learning disabilities care provider were trained in specific areas, as identified from self-assessment against the PBS Competence Framework (2015). Training the managers led to increased use of the principles of Active Support. It was reported that this in turn led to increased engagement and participation in activities of daily living for the service users. The managers assessed themselves as having made improvements in competencies on the PBS Competence Framework following the training. We therefore conclude that this method of training managers is a worthwhile supplement to training direct support workers in basic awareness of understanding behaviour / PBS. However, we believe that it was necessary that the provider was able to commit to making changes and doing the agreed tasks, and that all managers, including the director, attended all sessions to ensure that the agreed changes were implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Display omitted] • A first principles study of the ORR properties of Pt with TM-N-C support. • Coordinated N atom number in TM-N-C can affect the electronic structure of Pt. • Superior thermodynamic stability and ORR activity attribute to TM-N-C support. • A linear relationship between N number and the binding energy with Pt is obtained. Developing highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is of great significance for energy storage and conversion. In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon (TM-N-C) as active support on ORR of Pt by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Pt with TM-N-C supports (Pt/TM-SACs) exhibited enhanced ORR activity than Pt supported on carbon (Pt/C). The superior ORR activity is attributed to the TM-N x structure, which can regulate the electronic structure of Pt. Moreover, the coordinated N is significantly correlated with the interaction between Pt and TM-N-C support. These findings provide insights for further exploration of ORR catalysts with active support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the excavation of shallow-buried large-span metro tunnel, the surrounding rock is easily affected by the excavation disturbance, using the common passive support system which often leads to the problem of increasing the deformation of the surrounding rock. In this paper, a shallow-buried large-span metro tunnel station under construction in China is used as the engineering background, We here firstly introduce the supporting application effect of the new negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) bolt based on the research and development of micro-materials, and we optimized the bolt element according to the test results. The results show that the use of NPR bolt significantly reduces the tensile stress zone and effectively avoids the problems of support structure damage and lining cracking and deformation caused by the passive support method. The active support system is more effective than the passive support system in suppressing the surrounding rock deformation, with the surface settlement, vault displacement, and horizontal convergence accounting for 47%, 29%, and 50% of the passive support in the same period, respectively. Meanwhile, based on simulations of the deformation of the surrounding rock and the structure stress, as well as the field monitoring results, the characteristic curves of the deformation of the surrounding rock and the support stress under the active support system with the excavation of the pilot tunnel are obtained, and the mechanism of the active support system of the NPR bolt in the shallow-buried large-span metro tunnel is revealed. The results of this paper can provide a practical reference for the construction and support of similar shallow-buried large-span metro tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In recent years, with the extension of the coal mine at depth, rock bursts are more and more frequent. Therefore, the research of roadway support and pressure relief has become the key to prevent rock burst. In this paper, the primary high strength support and hydraulic fracturing pressure relief measures of roadway are studied and analysed. The primary high strength support emphasizes the matching characteristics of support materials, strengthen the protection of the active support to the roadway, and realize an integrated support system. Considering strong burst-prone area, the hydraulic fracturing is used to achieve pressure relief of surrounding rock mass, which can release and transfer the energy within the range of pressure relief. When there is energy release outside the range of protection system, the pressure relief region can absorb the energy so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the roadway. A field engineering case is applicated, the results shown that the stress of roadway surrounding rock and micro seismic energy significantly decreases, reducing the possibility of rock bursts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the large-scale renewable energy access to the power system, the voltage source converters (VSCs) in the system are gradually increasing. The system inertia is weakened, which leads to the decrease in frequency supportability and affects the stability of the power system. After adopting active support control, VSC-based renewable energy units have inertia supportability similar to traditional synchronous generators (SGs), which can improve the frequency stability of the power system. This article is intended to the control strategy based on active support of renewable energy. Small-signal stability of a two-zone system with different control strategies for VSCs under different conditions is analyzed. At the same time, the dynamic adjustment effect of different parameters on active support control is considered, and frequency stability of a two-zone system with inertial flexible control is improved. In this article, the basic principle of active support control is expounded in detail. Compared with PQ-control and droop-control, it is verified that active support control has good frequency supportability. The small-signal model of VSCs for active support and two-machine system is established. Combined with the simulation system, the influence of virtual inertia and damping coefficient on system stability is verified.

[Display omitted] • Pd-NiCo 2 O 4 with a unique Pd-support structure is obtained via a one-step method. • Majority of Pd incorporated into bulk NiCo 2 O 4 with finite PdO x disperse on surface. • Pd substitute for octahedral Ni3+/Co3+ moves O p -band center closer to Fermi level. • Finite surface Pd at atomic scale reduce aggregation and NiCo 2 O 4 sites blockage. • Deep reduction or oxidation of the active PdO species is inhibited. While palladium-based catalysts are effective in low-temperature methane combustion, their high cost and scarcity render them unsuitable to fulfil the growing demand. The design of improved catalysts which can more efficiently utilize this precious metal is required. Here, by using a facile one-pot thermal decomposition method Pd-NiCo 2 O 4 spinel catalysts with a unique structure are obtained, in which the majority of Pd incorporated into the bulk spinel structure of NiCo 2 O 4 with limited highly dispersed PdO x species on the surface at an atomic scale. The robust 1 %Pd-NiCo 2 O 4 spinel catalyst exhibits comparable activity in methane oxidation to that of the conventional incipient wetness impregnation 2 %Pd/NiCo 2 O 4. Theoretical calculations and catalyst characterizations (SEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS, XAS, ICP-OES, etc.) revealed that the enhanced activity is mainly originated from having the O p -band center closer to the Fermi level, with Pd ions incorporated into the bulk NiCo 2 O 4 via substituting for the octahedral coordinated Ni3+/Co3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The electrochemical reduction of nitrates (NO 3 - ) enables a pathway for the carbon neutral synthesis of ammonia (NH 3 ), via the nitrate reduction reaction (NO 3 RR), which has been demonstrated at high selectivity. However, to make NH 3 synthesis cost-competitive with current technologies, high NH 3 partial current densities (j NH3 ) must be achieved to reduce the levelized cost of NH 3 RR activity of Fe-based materials is leveraged to synthesize a novel active particle-active support system with Fe 3 RR activity of Fe-based materials is leveraged to synthesize a novel active particle-active support system with Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles supported on atomically dispersed Fe-N-C. The optimized 3×Fe 2 O 3 /Fe-N-C catalyst demonstrates an ultrahigh NO 3 RR activity, reaching a maximum j NH3 of 1.95 A cm -2 at a Faradaic efficiency (FE) for NH 3 of 100% and an NH 3 yield rate over 9 mmol hr -1 cm -2 . Operando XANES and post-mortem XPS reveal the importance of a pre-reduction activation step, reducing the surface Fe 2 O 3 (Fe 3+ ) to highly active Fe 0 sites, which are maintained during electrolysis. Durability studies demonstrate the robustness of both the Fe 2 O 3 particles and Fe-N x over 24 hours. This work exhibits an effective and durable active particle-active support system enhancing the performance of the NO -2 over 24 hours. This work exhibits an effective and durable active particle-active support system enhancing the performance of the NO 3 RR, enabling industrially relevant current densities and near 100% selectivity., (© 2024 The Authors. Advanced Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

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The stability of tailgate plays an important role in the safety mining of working face. In the present work, a tailgate of Tongxin mine in north Shanxi Province, China, has been taken as the research background; the non-repeated and long-distance advance support technology (NLAST) has been studied by theoretical analyses and field practice. The lateral overburden structure characteristics (LOSC) and interaction relationship with advance support device and surrounding rock have been studied by theoretical analyses, and the advance support mechanics model based on the support device-bolt coordinated operation has been established. Research results showed that the advance support strength (ASS) was not less than 280.77 kPa, the single-span type of support device was determined, and the advance support mechanism of "pre-active loading, one-time bearing, coordinated operating, overall supporting" was put forward. This way, a NLAST by using ZLQ2820/26.5/41.5 type of non-repeated advance support and transportation equipment was developed, and the main technical parameters and support schemes were analyzed. It was found that the roof separation amount and surrounding rock deformation of the tailgate were in the controllable range with the advance support technology, which can meet the requirements of advance support. The research results provide a new reference for the advance support of fully mechanized caving face (FMCF) in extra thick coal seam under similar geological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research indicates that engagement acts as an important precursor for learning, yet sustaining the engagement of pupils with special educational needs can be a challenge for classroom staff. An Active Support staff training package, Interactive Training, has been demonstrated as an effective way of increasing engagement in adults accessing learning disability services. In theory the logic of Active Support Interactive Training could extend to a school environment, with the aim of achieving similar outcomes. The current study evaluated a special school‐adapted version of Active Support Interactive Training with the aim of increasing engagement in pupils during group‐based learning. Findings showed an increase in engagement in pupils for all three settings (classrooms) immediately after intervention, which continued to either increase or stabilise at three‐month follow‐up. Further research could test the engagement behaviour of staff pre‐ and post‐ training intervention and explore practice leadership within the school leadership team to address maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of high loss rate of natural pillars and the inability of traditional artificial pillars to effectively contact roof in hard rock stope, a new pre, stressed expandable pillar was developed by using the volume increase characteristic of the self, developed expandable material after hydration reaction. Based on the laboratory and field industrial tests, the mechanical properties and load bearing mechanism were determined. The test results showed that with the increase of the amount of expandable material in the barrel, type expandable device under constrained conditions, its active support stress increased with a gradually increased increment, and it could reach 500 kN under the conditions of full constraint and fully filled with expandable material. The pre, stressed expandable pillar had the advantages of short construction period(about 4 h) and large active support stress(about 600 kN). When recovering residual pillars in the room, and, pillar mining, the pre, stressed expandable pillars showed strain, hardening bearing characteristics, and the load on natural pillars was successfully transferred to the artificial expandable pillars. Under the conditions of ensuring the stope safety, economic benefit of the test stope increased by 1, 700, 000 CNY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present day, there is an enormous demand in the supply of energy to all users. Since the voltage stability for the distribution system is not steady under any circumstances, therefore, to solve the problem of voltage instability the entire distribution system must simplified properly. Thus, some active support is provided for balancing the demand for electrical energy supply. Hence, the problem of voltage instability has been solved by considering phasor measuring units (PMUs) using antlion optimisation proposed in this study. The cost of PMU has been analysed along with other factors such as observability for effectively placing the PMUs with the identification of the weakest node. The problem is solved by using a non‐linear model and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested using IEEE‐15, IEEE‐33, IEEE‐69 Radial Distribution Systems and Croatia distribution grid. The result shows that the suggested algorithm is more effective in getting the optimal PMU placements considering multi‐objective. Hence, the maiden state estimation values for distribution topologies are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adults with intellectual disability are often disengaged in disability services. While Active Support has found efficacy in residential settings, less is known in day services. This study examines the impact of Active Support in day services for adults with intellectual disability in Singapore, particularly on engagement and behaviours of concern. Method: An experimental design was used, with a group of 32 participants receiving an Active Support programme over 6 months, compared to a control group of 16 participants with treatment as usual. Time sampling of behaviours was conducted every 4 weeks. Results: The Active Support group saw increases in activity engagement and social engagement with staff, and decreases in disengagement and stereotypical behaviours, compared to the control group over time. Conclusion: Results support the implementation of Active Support across other day services for adults with intellectual disability. Active Support principles should be considered in planning policies and service outcome measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]