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This study was purposely conducted in the four (4) public elementary schools in Lanao del Norte Division specifically in the Municipality of Kauswagan for school year 2020-2021 to the selected elementary teachers' assessment on the sufficiency and effectiveness of Most Essentials Learning Competencies (MELCs). Specifically, it sought to identify the demographic profile of the teachers (respondents) to correlate with their perceptions of the utilization, sufficiency, and effectiveness of MELCs. Seventy-three (73) respondents were utilized in this study. Data from the respondents were gathered through an authentic questionnaire patterned from the Department of Education (DepEd). The data were treated using weighted mean, frequency, and percentage, weighted mean and standard deviation, and point biserial correlation. Descriptive and correlation design was used to describe the demographic profile of the respondents and to determine the relationship between respondents' demographics and the utilization, sufficiency, and effectiveness of MELCs. A major finding of this study showed that the respondents found out that MELCs were both sufficient and effective. There was no significant relationship between the demographic profile and the sufficiency of Most Essentials Learning Competencies (MELCs) hence, it was not rejected. It was recommended in this study that teachers should attend seminars, training, and workshops regularly to keep abreast with the latest trends in teaching techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical inactivity is a critical predictor of all-cause mortality and many non-communicable diseases (NCD) including coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, dementia, and several cancers. The main objective of this study was to determine the main barriers to physical activity based on the STEPwise Surveillance in Iran in 2021, to guide policymakers in developing the most effective physical activity increasing strategies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 27,515 female and male individuals aged over 18 years from the STEPwise Surveillance 2021. The barriers to physical activity according to the modified version of barriers questionnaire and intrapersonal, interpersonal, economic, cultural, and environmental domains based on social-ecological models were determined. Association between barriers domain and physical activity level was assessed. Results: Lack of time due to job commitments (31.4%) and family (19.3%) and inappropriate physical conditions including illness, pain, injury, disability, and fatigue (30.4%) were the most frequent barriers to physical activity. Interest in sedentary leisure time activities including virtual space, computer games and watching TV were the next frequent barriers to physical activity (10.01%). Intrapersonal domain had the highest frequency (62.9%) and cultural domain had the lowest frequency (2.3%). Intrapersonal and interpersonal barriers reduced the odds of engaging in physical activity (OR: 0.62, P value < 0.001, OR: 0.76, P value < 0.001). Conclusion: Intra- and inter-personal domain barriers might reduce the odds of being active. Developing action plans addressing these factors is suggested to increase physical activity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate surveys hold the potential to advance equity in organizations, serving to generate quantitative data on the depth and breadth of climate-related issues, with its forte being those related to belonging, inclusion, and relationships. When administered in a university, it holds the potential to signal the need for improvements, as climate has been associated with engagement, motivation, wellbeing, and retention. The Faculty of Social Work, where an MSW and PhD program are located (Kitchener, Canada), conducted a climate survey in 2020. This article reports on the survey’s content, key findings, action outcomes, and provides recommendations for others considering such an initiative. The survey was a wake-up call for the department, with five concrete outcomes including establishing student caucus groups, a faculty capacity-development initiative to improve teaching, trainings to address microaggressions, improved integration of EDI into hirings, and campaigns to collect identity-based data for faculty and students. We also share two pending initiatives and two derailed initiatives. Recommendations emphasize the importance of disaggregating results to ensure that disparities are identified in the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the process used to develop a theory‐based, online fall prevention self‐management programme for ambulatory and non‐ambulatory people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Methods: The development process was guided by the Medical Research Council framework of complex interventions and began with a scoping review of the literature on self‐management of falls in pwMS. Subsequent phases of development were performed through iterative and concurrent processes and were informed by the perspectives of pwMS and healthcare professionals with MS expertise. Results: Through a systematic and iterative process in close collaboration with pwMS and healthcare professionals, a theory‐based online fall prevention self‐management programme, Fewer Falls in MS, for ambulatory and non‐ambulatory pwMS was developed. The programme is grounded in theory and pedagogical models and features utilization of action plans to address diverse influences on fall risks. Conclusions: A carefully operationalized definition of self‐management and an iterative co‐development process were essential to the creation of the Fewer falls in MS programme. Continuation of the co‐development process and collaboration with end users was needed to refine the programme. Patient or Public Contribution: PwMS and healthcare professionals were involved throughout the development process of the programme. The patient organization Neuro Sweden was contacted in the initial phase to discuss the relevance of a self‐management programme to prevent falls in MS. They supported the research group (all authors) in identification of and contact with pwMS with interest to participate. Three members of the research group (S.T.J., M.F. and C.Y.), that is, the operative group, met neuro Sweden and one pwMS to further discuss the relevance of a self‐management programme to prevent falls. To develop the process and content of the fall prevention programme, a co‐design process was performed together with pwMS and healthcare professionals. The results of the co‐design process are presented in this manuscript. In addition to participating in the co‐design process, pwMS and healthcare professionals provided feedback to the research group on programme process and content on several occasions during the subsequent programme development process. In a pretest (Beta version) of the programme, four pwMS acted as test subjects and provided additional feedback on the programme to the research group. Trial Registration: NCT04317716. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to identify factors influencing medical students' academic performance and develop a simplified action plan to prevent academic failure. Materials and Methods: A prospective educational intervention utilized Ron Fry’s Questionnaire to assess seven performance factors (concentration, comprehension, test anxiety, organizational skills, writing skills, computer skills, and system of taking notes in class) among medical students. Standard solutions with individualized action plans including intention statements, constant reminders, identifying reasons for test anxiety, and organizing oneself were offered based on these factors to create individualized action plans. Pre- and post-study test scores were compared using paired T-tests, and feedback was collected. Results: A total of 117 students participated, showing significant improvement in post-study marks (p = 0.00015). 31.6% of students improved and avoided failure post-study. 99% of students believed such interventions could benefit future batches in early performance identification. Conclusions: Utilizing Ron Fry’s questionnaire to identify performance factors and offering support in the form of standard solutions, may collectively enhance academic performance and reduce academic failure.

Emergency actions taken by emergency departments concern a much larger context than the generally understood concept of saving human health and life. The excessive number of patients that must be admitted, due to the crisis situation, at a given moment of the department's operation results in the undertaking of specific actions and procedures. The occurrence of mass events cannot be planned or predicted, but it is possible to prepare for them in some way. Elaboration of the algo. The importance of preparing for crisis situations is increasingly discussed both in practical activities and in academic discussions. The problem concerns the small number of practical implementations of security management plans in crisis situations. The aim of the article is to present strategic activities in the field of management in crisis situations, based on the example of activities in the emergency department of a clinical hospital. A comprehensive crisis management plan allows to ensure the efficient functioning of the unit during emergency events, i.e. during actions in the event of an excessive number of incoming patients. Research and implementation work on preparedness for crisis situations is a need in the health care system on a macro scale.

Abstract Background Physical inactivity is a critical predictor of all-cause mortality and many non-communicable diseases (NCD) including coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, dementia, and several cancers. The main objective of this study was to determine the main barriers to physical activity based on the STEPwise Surveillance in Iran in 2021, to guide policymakers in developing the most effective physical activity increasing strategies. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 27,515 female and male individuals aged over 18 years from the STEPwise Surveillance 2021. The barriers to physical activity according to the modified version of barriers questionnaire and intrapersonal, interpersonal, economic, cultural, and environmental domains based on social-ecological models were determined. Association between barriers domain and physical activity level was assessed. Results Lack of time due to job commitments (31.4%) and family (19.3%) and inappropriate physical conditions including illness, pain, injury, disability, and fatigue (30.4%) were the most frequent barriers to physical activity. Interest in sedentary leisure time activities including virtual space, computer games and watching TV were the next frequent barriers to physical activity (10.01%). Intrapersonal domain had the highest frequency (62.9%) and cultural domain had the lowest frequency (2.3%). Intrapersonal and interpersonal barriers reduced the odds of engaging in physical activity (OR: 0.62, P value

This article explores the integration of Circular Economy (CE) principles into Romania's national policy, mainly through its Revised 2023 Action Plan. It begins by setting the stage for the importance of sustainable development, which necessitates innovative policies that prioritize both environmental conservation and economic resilience. Romania's embrace of CE principles, aiming to redefine resource utilization, minimize waste, and bolster environmental preservation, serves as the focal point of this study. Key findings reveal significant advancements in waste management and infrastructural enhancements that foster CE adoption despite facing challenges in policy implementation. The Revised 2023 Action Plan marks a critical step in Romania's journey towards sustainable development, showcasing the potential for increased employment, resource efficiency, and environmental stewardship. This article makes a vital contribution to the field by charting Romania's progress towards its circularity ambitions and suggesting avenues for policy refinement.

Abstract Background Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that endangers people’s health, and China is a country with a high burden of tuberculosis. To accelerate the progress towards ending TB, the Chinese government implemented the End TB Action Plan (2019–2022), which consists of six actions. Among the End TB Action Plan, health promotion was conducted to improve the awareness of TB knowledge among Chinese people. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing TB health promotion activities outlined in the End TB Action Plan, and to provide recommendations for future TB prevention and control plan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in nine Chinese provinces in 2022. A total of 11,920 Chinese people filled out the questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore that overall awareness of TB core information is associated with whether they received TB health education. Results The study involved 11,920 Chinese participants. The overall awareness rate of the core information of TB was 84.2%, which does not reach the 85% goal of the End TB Action Plan. The single awareness rate that TB is a chronic infectious disease and that the vast majority of TB patients can be cured were 75.3% and 76.0%. Participants who received TB health education had a higher awareness rate of TB core information. Participants who were elderly, retired or had a primary school education or below had poor awareness of the core information of TB. Participants who were elderly, lived in urban areas, were equipment operators or had a primary school education or below received less TB health education. Participants mainly received TB health education through TV (44.6%) and Internet (37.8%), preferred TV, broadcasts or movies (58.9%) and Internet advertising (54.7%). Participants preferred illustrated (46.2%) and audio-visual (44.8%) advertising materials. The common sources used to answer health-related questions on the internet were We-Medias (48.3%) and search engines (38.9%). Participants preferred to use short-form videos (66.8%) and illustrations (53.1%) to answer health-related questions. Conclusions Health promotion action for TB had a positive effect in China, but the awareness of TB was inadequate among Chinese people, and it is necessary to strengthen TB health education for those people. Moreover, TB prevention and control institutions should advertise TB more in audio-visual and illustrated forms on the Internet and audio-visual media. Health-related questions should be published in short-form video and illustrated forms in the We-Media and search engine more.

Copyright of Tourism & Management Studies is the property of Escola Superior de Gestao, Hotelaria e Turismo, Universidade do Algarve and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Illicit arms trafficking in Ukraine has been a significant issue since the Cold War, with leftover Soviet stockpiles providing lucrative smuggling routes. With over US$100 billion in aid being provided by the West, a sizeable portion being in the form of small arms and guided infantry weapons such as MANPADS and ATGMs (Masters & Merrow 2023), and accompanying ammunition, Action Plans have been developed conducive to limiting eventual diversion of military aid into the illicit market. What this paper seeks to analyse, is the United States’ ‘Plan to Counter Illicit Diversion of Certain Advanced Conventional Weapons in Eastern Europe’. The plan highlights steps towards limiting illicit arms trafficking such as increased traceability, provision of end-use-monitoring (EUM) capacities and training, intelligence sharing, and capacity building for border management. This paper argues that the current iteration of the United States’ effort to limit arms trafficking, though still in its infancy, has provided some benefit in Ukraine’s efforts to combat the illicit diversion of arms, and could limit the presence of US-made weapons in the illicit arms market, as has been the case thus far. However, this paper does argue that, given the context of lacking institutional accountability, the role of corruption, an inconsistent and incoherent legal framework for gun ownership, as well as lacking coordination with US partners, the Action Plan will unlikely help reform the structural conditions that established Ukraine as a lucrative arms market before the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the dynamic realm of education, technology has emerged as a catalyst for transformative learning experiences, ushering in a new era of technology-based learning. This study, employing a descriptive-correlational research design, delves into integrating technology in education and its impact on learners' science performance. It also scrutinizes the interplay of socio-demographic factors. A sample of 110 learners from selected schools in Balo-I East District participated in the study during the 2023-2024 academic year. Findings reveal a diverse socio-demographic profile, emphasizing the dominant age group of 13-14 years and a balanced representation of genders. Moreover, the socioeconomic landscape indicates a middle-income concentration, with smartphones prevalent among families, suggesting potential accessibility to technology. Survey results demonstrate a positive perception of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in learning, especially in science classes, coupled with a high level of science performance among respondents. However, the study unveils a non-significant relationship between science performance and the perception of ICT use, highlighting the complexity of academic outcomes. Based on these findings, recommendations are proposed, including professional development for teachers to enhance technological proficiency, fostering student engagement through interactive digital platforms, promoting awareness of technologybased learning among learners and parents, and suggesting avenues for future research to further explore the relationship between technology awareness and science performance. This study provides valuable insights into the evolving educational landscape and informs strategies to optimize technology integration for enhanced learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the concept of policy integration from Cejudo and Michel (2017) in the context of rural-urban logistics systems in Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative approach and post-positivism paradigm to clarify the definition and distribution of responsibilities for handling complex problems by various ministries or agencies. The analysis identifies significant disparities in responsibilities and resources among various ministries handling key logistics drivers. This study provides a comprehensive analytical framework that helps to understand how the logistics system can be optimized through better policy integration, more effective interagency coordination, and the development of comprehensive strategies, reassuring you of the thoroughness of our approach and its direct relevance to your goals. The results show that effective policy integration and strategic resource allocation are not just important, but urgent for optimizing Indonesia's logistics system, enhancing economic competitiveness, and supporting sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation: Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to describe the process used to develop a theory‐based, online fall prevention self‐management programme for ambulatory and non‐ambulatory people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Methods The development process was guided by the Medical Research Council framework of complex interventions and began with a scoping review of the literature on self‐management of falls in pwMS. Subsequent phases of development were performed through iterative and concurrent processes and were informed by the perspectives of pwMS and healthcare professionals with MS expertise. Results Through a systematic and iterative process in close collaboration with pwMS and healthcare professionals, a theory‐based online fall prevention self‐management programme, Fewer Falls in MS, for ambulatory and non‐ambulatory pwMS was developed. The programme is grounded in theory and pedagogical models and features utilization of action plans to address diverse influences on fall risks. Conclusions A carefully operationalized definition of self‐management and an iterative co‐development process were essential to the creation of the Fewer falls in MS programme. Continuation of the co‐development process and collaboration with end users was needed to refine the programme. Patient or Public Contribution PwMS and healthcare professionals were involved throughout the development process of the programme. The patient organization Neuro Sweden was contacted in the initial phase to discuss the relevance of a self‐management programme to prevent falls in MS. They supported the research group (all authors) in identification of and contact with pwMS with interest to participate. Three members of the research group (S.T.J., M.F. and C.Y.), that is, the operative group, met neuro Sweden and one pwMS to further discuss the relevance of a self‐management programme to prevent falls. To develop the process and content of the fall prevention programme, a co‐design process was performed together with pwMS and healthcare professionals. The results of the co‐design process are presented in this manuscript. In addition to participating in the co‐design process, pwMS and healthcare professionals provided feedback to the research group on programme process and content on several occasions during the subsequent programme development process. In a pretest (Beta version) of the programme, four pwMS acted as test subjects and provided additional feedback on the programme to the research group. Trial Registration NCT04317716.

ABSTRACTQuality seed is one of the most important farm inputs. The Ituri province, in northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), faces enormous challenges in implementing a coherent formal seed sector, an essential gage for seed quality. This study aimed at diagnosing the Ituri seed value chain to propose improvements at all levels. Data collection was conducted using focus group discussions and direct interviews with key players at all levels, household surveys across the province, and a review of seed intervention programme reports, farm visit reports and other literature. Results showed that the seed system in the northeastern DRC is mainly informal due to several socioeconomic and technical factors. Less than a third of crops in the region had a formal seed delivery system. The cash flow in the seed sector was high owing to high seed demands from humanitarian organizations and farmer support structures, estimated at ∼1.5 million US$ in 2022 for the top three commercial seed commodities (common beans, maize and peanuts). However, the province seed production capacity through formal pathway is low (only ∼35 and 69% of the demands for common bean and maize, respectively, are covered by local productions), meaning that the seed demand is met either through importation or fraudulent conversion of farmer-saved seed. Due to lack of technical capacities, Ituri seed multipliers mainly produce open pollinated and synthetic varieties, while hybrids are imported from neighbouring countries. The lack of functional breeders in the provincial seed production chain, disproportionately low seed multipliers-to-distributors ratio, the weakness of the seed certification and regulation services, the border porosity, poor coordination among actors, and low awareness of farmers on seed qualities and advantages of using certified quality seed are the main structural and functional factors hindering the well-functioning of northeastern DRC seed system. This study provided an insight on the characteristics, stakeholders and challenges facing the seed sector in northeastern DRC and proposed an action plan for its improvement.

This action research determines the performance level of Grade 3 pupils in Mathematics using modular distance learning. The researcher utilized the descriptive method of research. There were 200 grade three pupils who acted as research participants. Data were collected using the self-made questionnaire checklist distributed among the Grade 3 pupil participants. Google Forms was used to monitor the learners' responses. Relevant data were analyzed, evaluated, and interpreted utilizing the average mean and the percentage score. Based on the result, the frequency distribution of the 1st quarter grades obtained by the Grade 3 Pupils from Section Amber to Section Pearl showed that only 2% got outstanding marks; 20% got very good grades, 46% were good, and 32% were fair. This implied that during modular distance learning was not such effective in the 1st quarter due to adjustments done by the learners. During the 2nd quarter, 47 out of 200 pupils obtained very good grades. However, there are 30 learners who obtained 80-88 grades, while only 8 of them got the grade of 75-79. There was a big difference in the grades obtained from the 1st quarter to the 2nd quarter due to the adjustments made by the learners. The result of the study would be utilized as a basis for crafting a school action plan that would enhance the function of the Kamustahan Program in pupils' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study covers the Sambisa Forest and the Mandara Mountains, where international policy focuses on Boko Haram and ISWAP. It argues that the Sambisa and Mandara geographies in north-eastern Nigeria should be declared a safe zone. In this respect, the study presents certain recommendations and announces these recommendations as the Sambi-Mandara Security Action Plan which is named after the combination of the words, Sambisa and Mandara. Ultimately, the security of a country can affect the continent and, particularly, the geographical area, in which it is located, as well as influencing international politics. It analyses how the terrorist groups active in the region affect international security and how regional states, especially Nigeria, and global powers should follow a path through the Sambi-Mandara Security Action Plan in order to ensure security. The study reveals that Boko Haram and ISWAP terrorist organizations active in Nigeria constitute a security problem. It is to analyze that this problem is not only Nigeria-centred but also threatens international security. The main purpose of the study is to provide solutions to the problem and to ensure that necessary measures are taken. Although Nigeria has a powerful military and economy, it has not been able to end either Boko Haram or ISWAP. In fact, one of the main factors in the strengthening and growth of these organizations originated from the policies implemented of the government. It is not difficult to understand how and why the Boko Haram organization that it came to the fore with such an active act terrorism, especially when the era of President Jonathan is taken into consideration. Policies such as unproportional use of force, economic inequality, political climate of fear, sociocultural distinction and marginalization implemented against the northern peoples by the Jonathan government provided an advantage to Boko Haram's in growing and gaining many new members in that period. The most violent attacks of the Boko Haram organization coincided to the Jonathan period between 2011-2015. Although the attacks that took place under the administration of President Buhari in years 2015-2023 decreased according to the previous years, attacks still continued. The only reason of the decrease in attacks in this period is the disagreements and splits within Boko Haram. With the emergence of the ISWAP organization in 2016, the intensity of the conflicts has changed. This situation has turned into a triple conflict atmosphere. The conflicts between the government, Boko Haram and ISWAP have deeply affected the people of the region. The Sambisa Forest and Mandara Mountains, where first Boko Haram and then ISWAP were deployed, were the main centres of these conflicts. In order to ensure security, the Nigerian Government should implement the Sambi-Mandara Security Action Plan. In line with this Action Plan, it should give importance to national, environmental and international co-operation. In order to restore the Sambisa Forest and the Mandara Mountains to their former habitat, it should initiate a large-scale study of the area. In this context, it should give place to soft power elements in the region, primarily in the sociocultural field. It should give importance to sustainable development activities nationally, not only in the southern regions. In short, in order to end Boko Haram and ISWAP terrorist organizations, the Nigerian government should both investigate the reasons for joining the organization and make all necessary investments in the region. Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger, as well as the African Union, have to act together if they want the continent to be free of Boko Haram and ISWAP terrorist organizations. Although there is an image that they are acting together, it is understood from the terrorist attacks in the region that this movement is not sufficient. In order to revitalise the Sambisa Forest and the Mandara Mountains, which have been used as a conservation and touristic area for many years, the Nigerian Government, as well as the Governments of Cameroon and Chad, should provide the necessary assistance. Ultimately, this assistance will be important for ensuring not only Nigeria's national security, but also regional and international security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of political power to be deployed on several levels of governance is a key element of public administration, insofar as it enables the various needs of the population to be met. However, conflicts of competence, jurisdiction or vision can arise when it comes to articulating these different levels of management or intervention, particularly when policies with a broader scope are applied to local situations, thus proving ill suited to the realities experienced on the ground. This essay, with an example in the province of Quebec, illustrates how the provincial and municipal levels of governance—each with differing visions and objectives—are confronted with dilemmas respecting the constraints imposed by their levels of government. Through a systemic point of view, I show how intertwining systemic levels can produce conflicts since each has its own logic. This is explained with the example of a text-based mediated organization conducted by the "Programme d'appui aux collectivités" (PAC). The essay also identifies some challenges faced by civil servants working at two different levels of government as well as the place of the idea of resilience, and proposes recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most biodiversity monitoring globally tends to concentrate on trends in species' populations and ranges rather than on threats and their management. Here we review the estimated impact of threats and the extent to which their management is understood and implemented for all threats to all Australian threatened bird taxa. The assessment reports the situation in 2020 and how this differs from 2010. The most marked finding was that the impact of climate change has increased greatly over the last decade, and now surpasses invasive species as the threat imposing the heaviest threat load. Climate change has driven recent massive population declines from increased temperatures in tropical montane rainforests and from fire. For both direct climate change impacts and fire management, progress in understanding how to relieve the threats has been slow and patchy. Consequently, little effective management has occurred. By comparison, our analysis showed that the single successful campaign to eradicate introduced mammals from Macquarie Island relieved the total threat load on Australian threatened birds by 5%, and more than halved the load on the birds from oceanic islands. Protection or rehabilitation of habitat, particularly on islands, has also delivered measurable benefit as have, in the longer term, controls on longline fishing. Our approach can be used with other taxonomic groups to understand progress in research and management and to allow quantification of potential benefits from proposed actions, such as the national threatened species plan. Climate change is now the biggest threat to Australian threatened birds, but almost no research or management to mitigate this threat has been undertaken. Most successful threatened species management has been on small islands with invasive species eradication, habitat protection and restoration providing substantial benefits. The approach taken can be used to quantify the benefits of both past conservation interventions and potential interventions. Monitoring trends in threat load complements indices assessing trends in population size and extinction risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, the first-ever Ukrainian business and human rights strategy and action plan were approved. Although a positive political shift, the Government-led endevour failed dismally. This piece explores the drafting process and content of the policy in question, its many shortcomings and the possible way forward as business and human rights becomes even more pressing matter in times of war and in post-conflict context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Implementing diagnosis‐related groups (DRGs) in different countries increases the efficiency of healthcare services, improves treatment quality, and reduces treatment costs. Due to the lack of a coherent model for its implementation, the present study aimed to develop a DRGs‐based implementation action plan Model for Iran. Methods: The present study was an applied, descriptive cross‐sectional study conducted in three stages. In the first stage, a review of studies conducted in different countries was carried out. In the second stage, a model was designed for an action plan to implement the DRGs in Iran. In the third stage, the model was validated based on the Delphi technique. Results: The DRGs‐based implementation action plan model in Iran was designed in three primary axes, including the strategic approach of the DRGs‐based implementation action plan, technical dimensions, and executive institutions involved in the DRGs‐based implementation action plan. Validation of the designed model showed the agreement of experts (94%) for the mentioned axes. Conclusion: The significance of tailoring a DRGs‐based implementation action plan to each country's unique context is well‐established. Given the intricacies of the Iranian healthcare system, we recommend an initial pilot implementation of DRGs at the hospital level, followed by a gradual national rollout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of political power to be deployed on several levels of governance is a key element of public administration, insofar as it enables the various needs of the population to be met. However, conflicts of competence, jurisdiction or vision can arise when it comes to articulating these different levels of management or intervention, particularly when policies with a broader scope are applied to local situations, thus proving ill suited to the realities experienced on the ground. This essay, with an example in the province of Quebec, illustrates how the provincial and municipal levels of governance—each with differing visions and objectives—are confronted with dilemmas respecting the constraints imposed by their levels of government. Through a systemic point of view, I show how intertwining systemic levels can produce conflicts since each has its own logic. This is explained with the example of a text-based mediated organization conducted by the “Programme d’appui aux collectivités” (PAC). The essay also identifies some challenges faced by civil servants working at two different levels of government as well as the place of the idea of resilience, and proposes recommendations.

The status of the forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis in Guinea-Bissau has been in doubt since the last assessment in 2006. In 2020–2022 we carried out field surveys to update the species' status. We found elephant signs within an area of c. 1,000 km2. Microsatellite genotyping of faeces identified four males. Females could not be individually identified but their presence was confirmed by molecular sex determination. Camera trapping (2,075 camera-trap days) recorded 824 photos in 24 independent sequences, involving three males and two presumed females. The continued presence of elephants in Guinea-Bissau raises hope for the species in the region, but urgent efforts are needed to refine population range and size estimates, increase protected area coverage, and reduce ongoing and impending habitat loss. An emergency conservation action plan is a priority.

This article investigates how municipalities have addressed the microplastics issue in relation to stormwater. Municipal officials in a Swedish municipality with different roles in relation to microplastics in stormwater and project managers with responsibility for plans and strategies related to microplastics were interviewed. Most measures had been introduced to limit dispersal of infill from artificial turfs, followed by measures against plastic litter. Despite the issue being prioritised by the governing politicians, and formalised in a plan, lack of resources was still a challenge to the implementation of more measures. This study gives insights into how a municipality handles a pollutant that is not subject to strict regulations. The results can be used to inform future policy for, and management of, microplastics as well as other contaminants of emerging concern, especially concerning the type of guidance needed by an actor group responsible for implementing measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The status of the forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis in Guinea-Bissau has been in doubt since the last assessment in 2006. In 2020–2022 we carried out field surveys to update the species' status. We found elephant signs within an area of c. 1,000 km2. Microsatellite genotyping of faeces identified four males. Females could not be individually identified but their presence was confirmed by molecular sex determination. Camera trapping (2,075 camera-trap days) recorded 824 photos in 24 independent sequences, involving three males and two presumed females. The continued presence of elephants in Guinea-Bissau raises hope for the species in the region, but urgent efforts are needed to refine population range and size estimates, increase protected area coverage, and reduce ongoing and impending habitat loss. An emergency conservation action plan is a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the integration of Circular Economy (CE) principles into Romania's national policy, mainly through its Revised 2023 Action Plan. It begins by setting the stage for the importance of sustainable development, which necessitates innovative policies that prioritize both environmental conservation and economic resilience. Romania's embrace of CE principles, aiming to redefine resource utilization, minimize waste, and bolster environmental preservation, serves as the focal point of this study. Key findings reveal significant advancements in waste management and infrastructural enhancements that foster CE adoption despite facing challenges in policy implementation. The Revised 2023 Action Plan marks a critical step in Romania's journey towards sustainable development, showcasing the potential for increased employment, resource efficiency, and environmental stewardship. This article makes a vital contribution to the field by charting Romania's progress towards its circularity ambitions and suggesting avenues for policy refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality seed is one of the most important farm inputs. The Ituri province, in northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), faces enormous challenges in implementing a coherent formal seed sector, an essential gage for seed quality. This study aimed at diagnosing the Ituri seed value chain to propose improvements at all levels. Data collection was conducted using focus group discussions and direct interviews with key players at all levels, household surveys across the province, and a review of seed intervention programme reports, farm visit reports and other literature. Results showed that the seed system in the northeastern DRC is mainly informal due to several socioeconomic and technical factors. Less than a third of crops in the region had a formal seed delivery system. The cash flow in the seed sector was high owing to high seed demands from humanitarian organizations and farmer support structures, estimated at ∼1.5 million US$ in 2022 for the top three commercial seed commodities (common beans, maize and peanuts). However, the province seed production capacity through formal pathway is low (only ∼35 and 69% of the demands for common bean and maize, respectively, are covered by local productions), meaning that the seed demand is met either through importation or fraudulent conversion of farmer-saved seed. Due to lack of technical capacities, Ituri seed multipliers mainly produce open pollinated and synthetic varieties, while hybrids are imported from neighbouring countries. The lack of functional breeders in the provincial seed production chain, disproportionately low seed multipliers-to-distributors ratio, the weakness of the seed certification and regulation services, the border porosity, poor coordination among actors, and low awareness of farmers on seed qualities and advantages of using certified quality seed are the main structural and functional factors hindering the well-functioning of northeastern DRC seed system. This study provided an insight on the characteristics, stakeholders and challenges facing the seed sector in northeastern DRC and proposed an action plan for its improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) encountered by the Iranian agriculture startups ecosystem. The study was performed in two steps. In the first step, a list of SWOT of the agricultural startups ecosystem was identified via interviews with 15 key experts. In the second step, each of the points was ranked in the form of a structured questionnaire through a 5-point Likert scale by 50 agricultural startups actors. The findings showed that the position of the Iranian agricultural startup ecosystem is in the defensive zone. Five key strategies were identified and prioritized using the QSPM method to exit this area and improve the ecosystem situation. The proposed action plans related to the five strategies can be used as a practical guide for policy makers in agricultural startups to improve the existing ecosystem. The results could cover the lack of a comprehensive scientific and empirical study of startup ecosystem analysis, with a focus on the agricultural context, and provide a basis for further studies in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAlthough teamwork skills are imperative for students’ future success in the workplace, teamwork in academic settings does not always provide students with the necessary teamwork competencies. The current study used action research principles to design and implement a teamwork competency training intervention featuring cycles of reflection and addressing previous shortcomings through action plans. Undergraduate college students (n = 108) in teams of 3–5 completed five team-based projects. After each project, teams provided individual and team reflections, ratings of team members’ contributions, perceived ratings of team performance, and action plans for the next project. Using qualitative analysis, we identified the most common themes in students’ reflections and action plans, explored changes in those themes across the five projects, and related those themes to the teams’ perceived performance. Current findings provide evidence that implementation of action research processes in academic teamwork may advance students’ teamwork competency in planning, time management, equal contributions, interpersonal skills, and team cohesion. We conclude that instructors may utilize these strategies to address issues in student teamwork and provide a structure to support the development of students’ teamwork skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is generally dedicated to researching the methods and policies of the European Union states in terms of preventing and combating domestic violence at the European level. Domestic violence has serious immediate and long-term consequences for the physical and mental health of victims. In the long term, the European Union and the member states develop policies and methods to prevent and combat domestic violence. They aim to protect women from domestic violence and other forms of gender-based violence during crises such as pandemics, natural disasters and economic downturns. Given the social and economic consequences of the current pandemic, it is essential to avoid the negative effects through austerity policies that have in turn helped to reduce domestic violence. The adoption of these policies to combat domestic violence is in line with the 2002 Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers on the protection of women against violence. This recommendation, among other things, invites Member States to develop action plans to prevent violence and protect victims. In addition, the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention) was opened for signature in May 2011 and entered into force in August 2014. This convention is the first binding European instrument in terms of legal views in this regard. It creates a comprehensive framework for preventing violence, protecting victims and prosecuting perpetrators, and in November 2020, the Convention counted all EU member states among its signatories.

Abstract Background and Aims Implementing diagnosis‐related groups (DRGs) in different countries increases the efficiency of healthcare services, improves treatment quality, and reduces treatment costs. Due to the lack of a coherent model for its implementation, the present study aimed to develop a DRGs‐based implementation action plan Model for Iran. Methods The present study was an applied, descriptive cross‐sectional study conducted in three stages. In the first stage, a review of studies conducted in different countries was carried out. In the second stage, a model was designed for an action plan to implement the DRGs in Iran. In the third stage, the model was validated based on the Delphi technique. Results The DRGs‐based implementation action plan model in Iran was designed in three primary axes, including the strategic approach of the DRGs‐based implementation action plan, technical dimensions, and executive institutions involved in the DRGs‐based implementation action plan. Validation of the designed model showed the agreement of experts (94%) for the mentioned axes. Conclusion The significance of tailoring a DRGs‐based implementation action plan to each country's unique context is well‐established. Given the intricacies of the Iranian healthcare system, we recommend an initial pilot implementation of DRGs at the hospital level, followed by a gradual national rollout.

At least 68 cities in the United States have taken a Vision Zero pledge to eliminate traffic fatalities. Which cities have improved their traffic safety outcomes and which strategies have proven effective? We examined changes in counts and per capita rates of all, pedestrian, and bicyclist fatal motor vehicle collisions between 2007 and 2019 for 18 U.S. cities that took early Vision Zero pledges. Only 2 of the 18 cities have experienced statistically significant decreases in total fatalities since taking a Vision Zero pledge and only one city experienced a statistically significant decrease in pedestrian fatalities. Cities with high walking, biking, and transit mode share and those that focused on walking and biking in their Vision Zero action plans experienced the best outcomes. Cities with high population densities and those that focused on technology in their action plans were also found to have safety performance improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being recognized as a preventable serious adverse event more than a century ago, Unintentionally Retained Foreign Objects (URFOs) continue to occur. They, in fact, remain the second most common Sentinel Event (SE) reported to The Joint Commission (TJC). A large private Hospital, after many years of URFO-free practice, experienced four (4) cases of URFOs during a 12-month period (March 9, 2021–March 4, 2022). Three cases occurred in the Operating Room (OR), and one case occurred in Labor & Delivery. All four cases involved the abdomen. The URFO was a sponge in two cases, a retractor wrapped in a pad in one case, and a surgical specimen in one case. Our review confirmed that the characteristics of our cases were similar to those reported by the Joint Commission. The main contributing factor was the closure of the wound without performing the sponge/instrument count. This safety breach resulted from a combination of factors: the inexperience of the nursing staff caused by a dramatic 40% turnover during the pandemic, the lack of assigned responsibility to perform the counting, and the willingness of the surgeon to skip the count. To address the main factors, we implemented a multipronged approach that includes the following: standardization of the protocols of sponge counting, hand-off with shift change, and of double surgical team involvement; assignment of the counting responsibility to two nurses; and education of the new nurses and of independent practitioners about the OR procedures with monitoring of correct implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the extent of challenges encountered in the implementation of the School Disaster Risk Reduction Management program of the five selected public secondary schools in Marikina District I during the school year 2022 – 2023 which could serve as the basis for an action plan.Based on the findings, the administrators and teacher respondents perceived the extent of challenges encountered by the School Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office with grand weighted mean ratings of 3.82 and 3.84 respectively, verbally interpreted as High Extent (HE). Also, the extent of the implementation of SDRRM program as assessed by school administrators and teachers is at High Extent (HE) as revealed by the grand mean ratings of 4.21 and 4.22, respectively, with verbal interpretation of High Extent (HE). Moreso, there is a significant relationship between the challenges encountered and the extent of the implementation of school disaster risk reduction management program.The proposed action plan was developed based on the result of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major public health problem, dementia has attracted great global attention. Early detection and interventions targeting high-risk people of cognitive impairment, can help prevent the onset of dementia and postpone its progression. The rapid increase in the number of elderly people with dementia in China poses challenges in terms of preventive care, health promotion, social support and research innovation. So it is essential to develop a national task list of dementia prevention and treatment action plan, yet it is still in an exploratory stage. In this paper, on the basis of the review of the WHO "Global Action Plan for Public Health Response to Dementia 2017—2025", we proposed a list of tasks of "Dementia Prevention and Treatment Action Plan" for China from the perspective of WHO's global action according to current China's policies and practices and the focuses in dementia prevention and treatment and actual resources, which covers risk factor intervention, person-centred care, social support, information system construction, innovative research and science and technology transformation. It is expected that this action plan will inform relevant dementia prevention and treatment decisions as well as practical responses.

Critical thinking plays a vital role in human life and is one of the core aims of educational systems worldwide. Thus, the present study explored strategies for providing opportunities for students to utilize and sharpen their critical thinking as much as possible while taking a translation course. To its end, the present study was guided by the significant question: How much do students' necessary thinking skills appear to evolve over a translation course? Participants were 39 students of English as a foreign language (EFL) registering in a regular translation course. The present study applied reflective essays written individually as post-class assignments once per two weeks, and thus five reflections each participant had to write over the 10-week translation course attached with videotranslation tasks. For measuring improvement in critical thinking manifested by participants over the course, the quantitative discrepancy between the first reflection as an outset point and the fifth reflection as the end point of the intervention course was computed. Obtained results are positive regarding students' critical thinking manifested in wide discrepancies and linguistic acquisition laid out in creative English uses. Thereby, pedagogical implications and further research on relevant issues are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]