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Public democracy has become an integral part of modern democratic institutions, especially at the local level, serving as an indicator of their effectiveness. It is difficult to imagine a democratic society without local democracy, and therefore, without the functioning of local self-government institutions. It is worth noting the primary English slogan-principle, «Nothing About Us, Without Us,» introduced by the international movement of people with disabilities to highlight fundamental shifts towards their participation in all aspects of political, social, economic, and cultural life. Over time, this slogan and its modifications («All That Is Without Us Is Not For Us,» «Do Not Act For Us Without Us,» «If It Is Without Us, It Is Not For Us») have become widely recognized as a symbol of the notion that no society can be considered democratic if it lacks mechanisms for participation in decision-making at both the national and local levels. Accordingly, Article 5 of the Constitution of Ukraine states: «The people are the bearer of sovereignty and the sole source of power in Ukraine.» Thus, citizens have the right to influence power directly and through their representatives. When considering democratic values through the lens of participatory democracy, it is essential to provide residents with guarantees for exercising their rights at the local level. Sustainable development of a democratic society in the context of public participation depends on robust normative provisions in the form of territorial community statutes, which are the primary legal acts within their respective territories. The effectiveness of a territorial community statute lies in its ability to provide genuine resources, autonomy, and capacity to address local issues. This includes community participation in shaping urban policies, budgets, strategies, and development programs, receiving support from local authorities in resolving issues of local importance, and actively engaging in various international projects to develop infrastructure within any territorial community in Ukraine. Statutes serve as legal instruments that confirm autonomy, ensure independence in addressing specific issues, and emphasize the regional identity of each community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the comparative legal analysis of the formation and development of the acquis communautaire in France, Germany and Switzerland with a view to identifying similarities and differences in the formation and development of the acquis communautaire in countries with different legal status in the European Union. The analysis was carried out using comparative legal, formal legal, dialectical, historical and legal, hermeneutical and other methods, as well as the principles of determinism, pluralism of opinions and complexity of knowledge. On the basis of and through the disclosure of the concept of “acquis communautaire”, the diversity of its understanding within different approaches and the nature of this phenomenon, as well as the study of the formation of the acquis communautaire specifics, it is established that this process took place in the course of formation of the European Communities in the 1950s with the participation of France and Germany on the basis of a combination of liberal market and general social values, and its development took place during the elaboration of the foundations of the mechanism for adoption of a common European policy. It is found that the patterns of formation and development of the acquis communautaire in France, Germany and Switzerland are overcoming contradictions and searching for compromises between France and Germany in all areas of common European policy and the need to coordinate their position with other members of the European Union. Furthermore, the similarity of these processes in France and Germany is rooted in their participation in the creation and development of the European Communities, in the formation of the acquis and its identical legal sources, and the difference lies in the motives and objectives of these States, their positions in certain areas of common European policy and procedural activities related to the implementation of the acquis into national legislation. At the same time, the article reveals that the specifics of formation and development of the European Union acquis in Switzerland are determined by its status as an associated country in the Union, which provides for the possibility of implementing the relevant acquis with certain exceptions on the basis of sectoral agreements between it and the European Union. The difference in the formation and development of the acquis between France and Germany, as well as Switzerland, is manifested in the mechanism and consequences of the implementation of the new acquis: Switzerland participates in the development process, but not in decision-making. Finally, it is noted that the common feature of the development of the EU acquis for all these countries is a combination of market-liberal and general social values and the introduction of a socially oriented market economy model.

The article is aimed at clarifying the status of regulatory and legal support for the process of adaptation of the national legislation to the acquis communautaire. It is stated that the Ukrainian state has already completed most of the steps to join the EU. Attention is focused on the relevance of the study, which is due to Ukraine's officially obtaining the EU candidate status and the transition to the negotiation process between the EU and Ukraine on the latter's accession to the EU. The author analyses the provisions of Ukrainian legislation and scientific research on the understanding of the concept of 'acquis communautaire'. The author's definition of this legal phenomenon is formulated, which should be understood as the sources of EU law, standards, principles of external and internal activities and other achievements of the European Communities. The author's own approach to distinguishing four stages of adaptation of the national legislation to the acquis communautaire in chronological order is proposed. The first stage was when Ukrainian legislation implemented the EU norms and standards to establish economic cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in various areas for the development of various relations between the partners. The second stage was a testament to the irresistible desire of Ukraine and Ukrainians to be part of the EU community and contributed to the signing and entry into force of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. The third stage demonstrates Ukraine's path from the signing of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement to the EU candidate status. The fourth stage is connected with the European Council's announcement of the start of negotiations with Ukraine on the country's accession to the EU and the need for comprehensive harmonisation and adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the EU acquis in connection with the prospect of EU membership. It is emphasised that the implementation of the acquis communautaire into the national legal system should pursue national interests and be a political, economic, legal and social consensus on key issues of European integration transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on examining the establishment of the European administrative space (EAS) and its compatibility with global governance through the basic principles of good governance. The article identifies how the EAS has been influenced by and forwards the good governance model in an effort to improve governance at the global level. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between the European administrative area and good governance by analyzing the basic principles of good governance and investigating how they are applied in the European context. The research was conducted through a documentary analysis of relevant literature, including official documents of European institutions, research reports, and academic studies. The article reveals that the EAS is an important path towards improving good governance, integrating and implementing some of the basic principles of this form of governance. This article provides an important contribution to the literature on European studies and global governance by examining the relationship between the EAS and the principles of good governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features the values of the European Union in the context of applying modern approaches to the study of integration associations. The analysis of the role of values in the policy of the European Union can be done in various ways. The historical and legal method shows the process of legal consolidation of the values and reflects the formation of the political subjectivity of the EU in the last 30 years. The starting point is the concept of shared heritage that demonstrates the main stages and tasks of European integration. The concept of acquis communautaire reaches its climax with the Treaty of Lisbon, and this was when the list of EU values became complete. The concept of the common heritage retains its legal meaning but transforms the goals into a discrete set of political values of the modern European Union. The present analysis of the social dimension of EU values was based on the Copenhagen School of Security. The analysis made it possible to identify the short-term values of modern European society through media monitoring and showed the specifics of European perception, e.g., the dominant importance of personal and political rights of citizens. The pandemic exacerbated the manifestation of these values within European society. Despite certain problems, the value dimension of EU policy is now complete and has become integral to European society and politics. The political component depends on specific interests, e.g., criteria for cooperation, membership conditions, interaction prospects, etc.

This article features the special position that Poland and Hungary demonstrate towards the national government institutions and civil rights. The research objective was to describe the internal transformation and adaptation processes of Hungarian and Polish societies to the European concept of acquis communautaire, as well as the tensions between these two countries and the older EU members. This special position can be explained by the growing sentiments of national pride and identity. The social and economic achievements that happened aſter the 1990s allowed these states to increase the quality of life, and their citizens are not willing to give up on their identity to accommodate the demands of the European Union. For instance, people of Poland and Hungary saw a certain threat to their identity in the pressure from Brussels to welcome migrants from the Middle East, whom they could not accept on the mental and religious levels. Another threat was the Brussels’ pursuit to make Poland and Hungary accept sexual minorities in a very short timeframe, despite the fact that this process took Western Europe several centuries. Considering that the church had a very negative attitude to both issues, certain political parties managed to seize the power. They suppressed the freedom of speech, denied the independence of the judicial power, and challenged Brussels.

Copyright of Synergies Roumanie is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soil is considered to be one of the most complex natural systems on the planet, a key component of the geographical environment, and a biological complex that is constantly changing. Also, the soil is a multifunctional system on which the essential functions of life on Earth are based. As such, soil protection must be a primary concern for the community, as the conservation of soil resources itself requires more than transposition in legislative terms. Thus, on the protection of soils from the point of view of the legislation of the EU and Romania, we set out to make an analysis noting in this paper the main provisions of the acquis communautaire (directives, strategies, decisions, etc.), which come to ensure an interface between the use of soils and their protection for future generations. As a result of the research undertaken we can conclude that both EU and Romanian legislation are still deficient in soil protection, it is not as protected as the other elements of the environment, water, air, and/or biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By signing the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the European Union on April 29, 2008, Serbia committed itself to harmonize its legislation with the aquis communautaire of the European Union. Perception of the basic characteristics of the European Union legal system and its understanding is important in the context of harmonization, i.e. in the context of the measures for the establishment of a common and internal market, as well as of a pre-accession strategy of a third country for the accession to this organization. Therefore, a candidate country is expected to create a favourable legal environment for the operation of local economic entities in the internal market. In order to succeed in that, it needs to harmonize its legislation with the acquis communautaire gradually, and first of all, it is necessary to be well familiar and have full understanding of the EU regulations which are expected to be transposed by a candidate country.

This article explains the institutional framework for EU-Russia cooperation, in particular in the field of combating terrorism. Under auspices of the Permanent Partnership Council, a political dialogue has been established, with four road maps concluded on its sidelines. Due to the Road map on the Common Space of Freedom, Security and Justice, Russia has the possibility not only to establish bilateral relations with EU member states, but also with the EU as an organization. This article discusses practical ways for Russia to cooperate with the EU and its Member States in the fight against terrorism. The authors emphasize the distinctive features between the simple exchange of information and real joint operational forces. This article highlights that Russia-EU cooperation will improve only if both sides consider the same terrorist organizations from common angle.

Despite the different legal traditions, judicial control of the administrative proceedings is a general commitment for the member states of the European Union. The obligation to establish judicial control over administrative action derives from the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as from the law of the European Union. Namely, their commitment is aimed at establishing a wide range of judicial control over administrative proceedings. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the normative framework on which the administrative dispute under the European Convention on Human Rights is based, how to perceive the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg in the interpretation of the Article 6 of the Convention in the segment of administrative court protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the grave consequences that are being caused to the environment, criminal law has been given special importance as an effective tool for preventing and further combating environmental damage. The EU through Directive 2008/99EC by setting a minimum mandatory threshold for environmental protection through criminal law aims to unify the rules between member states, in order for environmental protection to be effective, convincing, and proportionate to the whole community. In this respect, Kosovo has obligations to the acquis communautaire arising from the Copenhagen Criteria and the SAA. The paper focuses on addressing the two main objectives, namely the analysis of the Compliance between the criminal legal framework for environmental protection and the standards contained in the Directive in terms of a criminal offense, sanction, and liability of legal persons, as well as identifying gaps in the legal framework. criminal protection for the environment. The paper uses two main methods, namely literature review and qualitative methods of legal and comparative analysis. As a general conclusion of the findings of this paper it can be concluded that although the criminal legal framework for environmental protection has considerable compliance with the standards contained in Directive 2008/99/EC, it needs some intervention to achieve full compliance as required with the standards of Directive 2008/99/EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the analysis of EU legal order's impact on non-member states. EU law serves as the main tool for this process as the expansion of EU law outside of the Union is one of the priorities of its external actions. This is implemented through conclusion of international treaties with third countries. The author investigated provisions of association and partnership agreements of the European Union with different countries. The conducted analysis lets us make conclusions on the character and ways of influence of EU law on legal systems of non-member states, which depend on the level of cooperation between the parties that is precisely determined by relevant international agreements.

Осмислено доктринально-правовий компонент складного феномена адаптації законодавства України до законодавства Європейського Союзу. Особливу увагу приділено з’ясуванню характерних ознак адаптації законодавства, аналізу нормативно-правових засад наближення законодавства України до acquis communautaire, характеристиці апробованих моделей адаптації законодавства та з’ясуванню прикладного значення адаптації законодавства у пріоритетних сферах.

Розглянуто доктринально-правове обґрунтування та стан легального закріплення належності охорони здоров’я населення до сфер адаптації законодавства України до актів acquis communautaire. Установлено, що комплексна стратегія імплементації європейських правових та управлінських стандартів у сфері охорони здоров’я донині відсутня, а окремі адаптаційні заходи не сприяють глибокій модернізації національної системи охорони здоров’я й новелізації галузевого законодавства.

Осмислено закріплені в актах acquis communautaire антидискримінаційні правові імперативи та виокремлено перспективні напрями адаптації законодавства України до законодавства Європейського Союзу у сфері протидії насильству в сім’ї (домашньому насильству). Встановлено, що перспектива новелізації вітчизняного законодавства у сфері протидії домашньому насильству полягає в забезпеченні комплексного захисту прав уразливих соціальних груп.

The implementation of the Association Agreement “Republic of Moldova – European Union” requires the national accounting and financial reporting regulatory framework to be harmonised with the Acquis Communautaire. Yet many problems arise related to this harmonisation in terms of applying the recordkeeping methods stipulated by the European accounting regulations, aligning the individual and consolidated financial statement layouts with European standards, bounding the requirements for submitting financial information for different categories of entities. In order to address the aforementioned problems and implement properly the national accounting regulations based on the Acquis Communautaire it is recommended: to define distinct sets of individual financial statements intended for large, medium, small and micro-sized entities; to renounce to standard forms of consolidated financial statements and provide each parent entity with the right to develop independently the statement structure depending on the Users’ decisionmaking and information needs; to identify the stages and the way of implementing the new national accounting regulations compliant with the European standards.

Copyright of Novus Orbis: Journal of Politics & International Relations is the property of Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Öffentliche und Gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen (ZÖgU) / Journal for Public & Nonprofit Services is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Collected Papers of the Faculty of Law in Split / Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Splitu is the property of Split Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

European Union represents a supranational creation based on respect for basic human rights, prohibition of all forms of discrimination and promotion of tolerance. Its main legislative institutions, the Council of Ministers, Parliament and Commission seek to harmonize Member State's legislation by adopting directives, the instruments which at the same time represent a guarantee of respect for a wide range of rights enjoyed by Union's citizens. Bearing in mind the fact that the Republic of Serbia is in the process of harmonization of its national legislation with acquis communautaire, as well as the importance of working and labor relations for the proper functioning of market and entire economy, this paper will explore the question of the impact of directives on domestic legislation and evaluations of achieved results. The paper defines the issues of temporary agency recruitment, working conditions, protection of workers on the job, collective dismissals, bankruptcy and transfers of enterprises. These are the areas in which the Republic of Serbia has largely adapted its national regulations to the provisions of European Union (EU) directives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this article is to assess the level of harmonization of the laws of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the acquis communautaire in the field of protection from discrimination, to underline the significance of the implementation of European standards even before formal membership in the Union, to identify challenges in interpretation of individual norms of the European law in the context of domestic legal culture and to exemplify or illustrate potential discord between national and European legislation. Having in mind that the enlargement is one of the most important policies of the European Union, scientific analysis can assist candidate countries to successfully harmonize their legislative framework in the field of protection from discrimination with acquis communautaire. Additionally, elaboration and exemplification of the foreign legal concepts can help formulate adequate anti-discrimination policies, containing measures aimed at promotion of principle of genuine equality between groups that enjoy special protection. In assessing the level and success of harmonization of Bosnian legislation with the anti-discrimination laws of the European Union, authors resorted to normative, comparative and analytical method related to the content and scope of application of the anti-discrimination clauses of founding treaties and anti-discrimination directives while using case studies of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It is demonstrated that the divided jurisdiction between different levels of government, plurality of legal systems and complex administrative structure established by the Dayton Peace Agreement represent some of the key procedural challenges in the process of European integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It can equally be observed that no other country, candidate for membership in European Union, had to face such internal challenges, amplified by the fact that deep divisions persist after the armed conflict and still found their way into the current political constellation. Concrete substantive challenges Bosnia and Herzegovina is facing when transposing European law are identified in the field of the general exemptions from the principle of equal treatment, the definition of indirect discrimination, wording of the threshold for the burden of proof, exemptions from prohibition of unequal treatment for protection of family relations and awarding damages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union legal system is one of the most complex and sophisticated in the world. This article models the Acquis Communautaire (i.e. the corpus of European Union law) as a network and introduces the Evolution of European Union Law data set, which tracks connections between European Union primary law, European Union secondary law, European Union case law, national case law that applies European Union law, and national law that implements European Union law. It is the largest, most comprehensive data set on European Union law to date. It covers the entire history of the European Union (1951–2015), contains over 365,000 documents, and records over 900,000 connections between them. Legislative and judicial scholars can use this data set to study legislative override of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the implementation of European Union law, and other important topics. As an illustration, I use the data set to provide empirical evidence consistent with legislative override. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines relevant provisions of the public procurement legislation in Serbia that concerns competition, such as principle of ensuring competition and competitive public procurement procedures. Efficient implementation of this legislative framework is essential for enhancing competition in the public procurement market. Furthermore, the article gives a review of some measures introduced in fighting against anticompetitive practice. Finally, it analyses the role of competent institutions in Serbia in the area of public procurement and competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of Zagreb Law Faculty / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu is the property of Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Pravni Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)