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While more research is emerging about the development of masculinity during adolescence, not much is known about how masculine-type behaviors develop over time in middle to late adolescence within the context of friendships and peer experiences. This study examined trajectories of masculine-typed behavior from ages 14 to 17. Multilevel modeling was used to account for cross-time and within-time variability in masculine-typed behavior and examined the role of positive and negative peer experiences in predicting this variability. This was done in a sample of 334 U.S. adolescents (51% boys; 50% White, 19% Black, 15% Latina/o/e). At the between-person level, boys and girls decreased in masculine-typed behavior over time. At the within-person level, negative peer experiences predicted fluctuations toward greater masculine-typed behavior, whereas friend support predicted fluctuations toward less masculine-typed behavior. Adolescence is a key period for navigating masculinity norms, and peer experiences are a key context for the development of masculine-typed behavior.

Introduction Methods Results Conclusions To determine whether classification of accommodative insufficiency (AI) based on the subjective push‐up test is indicative of reduced amplitude measured objectively.Monocular subjective accommodative amplitude was measured in participants 7–24 years of age with the push‐up test; a 0.9 mm letter was moved towards the eye until first sustained blur occurred. Monocular objective amplitude was measured with the same target and an autorefractor for demands from 2.5 to 30 D. The maximum response was termed the amplitude. Near point of convergence (NPC) was measured in a subset of participants. Participants were classified into groups using subjective amplitude: normal amplitude or AI (amplitude < ((15 – 0.25 × age) – 2)). Objective amplitude was plotted by age for each group and one‐way ANCOVA used to evaluate differences while controlling for age. For NPC measures, a t‐test compared the magnitude of the break between those with and without AI.Fifty‐five of 185 participants were classified as having AI. Objective amplitude decreased with age (0.20 D/year) and there was no significant difference in the age‐adjusted mean amplitudes for the two groups (AI: 7.62 D, CI = 7.19, 8.04; Normal: 7.86 D, CI = 7.58, 8.15; p = 0.11). For the subset with NPC measures, participants classified as having AI had significantly more receded break values than those without AI (7.7 ± 5 vs. 3.7 ± 3 cm, p < 0.001).Factors other than accommodative ability may be contributing to lower subjective amplitude findings in individuals meeting the criterion for AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with Down syndrome are known to have a greater prevalence of ocular conditions such as strabismus, nystagmus, elevated refractive error, poor accommodative function, elevated higher‐order optical aberrations and corneal abnormalities. Related to these conditions, individuals with Down syndrome commonly have reduced best‐corrected visual acuity at both far and near viewing distances across their lifespan. This review summarises the various optical sources of visual acuity reduction in this population and describes clinical trials that have evaluated alternative spectacle prescribing strategies to minimise these optical deficits. Although refractive corrections may still have limitations in their ability to normalise visual acuity for individuals with Down syndrome, the current literature provides evidence for eye care practitioners to consider in their prescribing practices for this population to maximise visual acuity. These considerations include accounting for the presence of elevated higher‐order aberrations when determining refractive corrections and considering bifocal lens prescriptions, even for young children with Down syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the implications of per-tourist and total carbon emissions generated across diverse sectors within the hospitality & tourism industry on climate change, as well as their secondary impacts on the economy, society, and environment. Employing a nonlinear framework, we investigate proposed hypotheses using panel data spanning a decade across 16 countries, employing threshold regression and a mediating effect model for analysis. The results reveal distinct nonlinear effects of per-tourist and total carbon emissions from each hospitality & tourism sector on climate change, as well as on the broader domains of the economy, society, and environment. While the total carbon emissions from the transportation sector have the most significant overall impact on climate change, per-tourist carbon emissions originating from the accommodation sector emerge as a more prominent contributor to climate change on a per tourist basis, followed by attractions & others, food & beverage, and transportation sectors. Considering the diverse levels of per-tourist carbon emissions, it becomes evident that the influence of each hospitality & tourism sector on the economy, society, and environment displays notable disparity. These findings emphasize the importance of developing targeted and tailored strategies to address climate change within individual hospitality & tourism sectors, rather than employing a uniform approach across the entire industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preregistration has been proposed as a useful method for making a publicly verifiable distinction between confirmatory hypothesis tests, which involve planned tests of ante hoc hypotheses, and exploratory hypothesis tests, which involve unplanned tests of post hoc hypotheses. This distinction is thought to be important because it has been proposed that confirmatory hypothesis tests provide more compelling results (less uncertain, less tentative, less open to bias) than exploratory hypothesis tests. In this article, we challenge this proposition and argue that there are several advantages of exploratory hypothesis tests that can make their results more compelling than those of confirmatory hypothesis tests. We also consider some potential disadvantages of exploratory hypothesis tests and conclude that their advantages can outweigh the disadvantages. We conclude that exploratory hypothesis tests avoid researcher commitment and researcher prophecy biases, reduce the probability of data fraud, are more appropriate in the context of unplanned deviations, facilitate inference to the best explanation, and allow peer reviewers to make additional contributions at the data analysis stage. In contrast, confirmatory hypothesis tests may lead to an inappropriate level of confidence in research conclusions, less appropriate analyses in the context of unplanned deviations, and greater bias and errors in theoretical inferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the association between evaluating a romantic partner as deviating from relationship ideals (i.e., ideal-partner discrepancy) and a widely studied form of self-regulatory behavior in romantic relationships—accommodation (i.e., inhibiting one's own destructive relationship behaviors and enacting constructive behaviors). We also consider the moderating role of relationship commitment. Two studies tested these associations using self-reports (Study 1, N = 450 individuals) and by observing accommodation behaviors in couples (Study 2, N = 116 dyads). Across both studies, a negative-ideal partner discrepancy (i.e., a partner is deemed as falling below ideals) was associated with more accommodation when relationship commitment was high than for when it was low. The findings provide novel insights into understanding accommodation behavior in romantic relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Method Results Conclusion To develop an accommodating, wide‐angle, schematic eye for emmetropia and myopia in which spectacle refraction and accommodation level are input parameters.The schematic eye is based on an earlier unaccommodated refraction‐dependent eye for myopia developed by Atchison in 2006. This has a parabolic gradient index lens and parameters derived from biometric and optical measurements on young adults. Several parameters are linearly dependent upon spectacle refraction (anterior radius of curvature of the cornea, axial length and vertex radii of curvature and conic asphericities of a biconic retina). The new accommodated schematic eye incorporates accommodation‐dependent changes in several lens‐related parameters. These changes are based on literature values for anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, lens surface radii of curvature and lens front surface asphericity. A parabolic variation of refractive index with relative distance from the lens centre is retained, with the same edge and centre refractive indices as the earlier model, but the distribution has been manipulated to maintain focus near the retina for the emmetropic case at 0 and 4 D accommodation. The asphericity of the lens back surface is changed so that spherical aberration and peripheral refraction approximately match typical literature trends. The model is used to compare spherical aberration and peripheral refraction in eyes with up to 4 D of myopia and 4 D of accommodation.The levels of spherical aberration in the unaccommodated schematic eyes are similar to literature values for young adults, but the changes in spherical aberration with accommodation are approximately two‐thirds of that found in an experimental study. As intended, peripheral refractions in the accommodated schematic eyes are similar to those of their unaccommodated counterparts.The wide‐angle model extends the range of schematic eyes to include both refraction and accommodation as variable input parameters. It may be useful in predicting aspects of retinal image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Archaeology of Disability is a research station designed for the Venice Biennale, Architettura 2021 by David Gissen, Jennifer Stager, and Mantha Zarmakoupi and exhibited later at La Gipsoteca di Arte Antica of Pisa in 2022, at the Canellopoulos Museum of Athens in 2023, and at the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki in 2024. The research station works with languages and forms used by contemporary disabled people to reproduce elements—a ramp, a seat, an art gallery—from the ancient Acropolis in Athens that vanished long ago and that have little or no extant material forms. Among the many people who contributed to the research station are two performers, Christopher Tester and Pia Hargrove, who performed, respectively, the ekphrastic film and audio description Sēmata (Signs) (2021). The following dialogic essay draws on conversations with the curators and performers led by Brooke Holmes and Pasquale Toscano. This dialogic form surfaces some of the collaborative aspects of the research station to highlight the ways in which such collaboration brings different lenses to antiquity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How did early 19th Century Māori assess the authenticity of the gospel narrative based on their own traditional worldview? This essay explores the thoughts of Whangataua, an ancestor of the author from the Ngāi Tahu and Rangitāne tribes of the upper Manawatū River region in the North Island of New Zealand. How might Whangataua and his contemporaries have negotiated the authenticity of the gospel narrative shared by the missionary William Colenso between 1846 and 1852? This paper explores the cultural and intellectual negotiation that took place when Māori first heard the gospel message by comparing the story of the virgin birth of Jesus from the book of Luke with the traditional narrative of Tamatea-ure-haea and his wife Iwipupu. The intersection between the virgin conception narrative and Māori tribal beliefs held by 19th Century rangatira (principal chiefs) reveals an overlapping of realities where Māori worldview could become an agent of divine accommodation and authenticity for the gospel narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended time for testing is frequently recommended despite the possibility that it may have unintended negative effects. Test process data, now commonly available via computer-based testing programs, can offer objective information about who uses and experiences higher scores when using more than typical testing time. NWEA MAP test process data from five school districts were analyzed to identify which students deemed eligible for extended time actually used more than typical testing time, and who obtained higher test scores when using more than typical testing time. Findings indicated many eligible students did not use more than typical testing time, but many students who did use it obtained their highest test score when using it. Implications are discussed, including how IEP teams could incorporate test duration data as part of a process to better identify specific educational strengths and needs for individual students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Archaeology of Disability is a research station designed for the Venice Biennale, Architettura 2021 by David Gissen, Jennifer Stager, and Mantha Zarmakoupi and exhibited later at La Gipsoteca di Arte Antica of Pisa in 2022, at the Canellopoulos Museum of Athens in 2023, and at the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki in 2024. The research station works with languages and forms used by contemporary disabled people to reproduce elements—a ramp, a seat, an art gallery—from the ancient Acropolis in Athens that vanished long ago and that have little or no extant material forms. Among the many people who contributed to the research station are two performers, Christopher Tester and Pia Hargrove, who performed, respectively, the ekphrastic film and audio description Sēmata (Signs) (2021). The following dialogic essay draws on conversations with the curators and performers led by Brooke Holmes and Pasquale Toscano. This dialogic form surfaces some of the collaborative aspects of the research station to highlight the ways in which such collaboration brings different lenses to antiquity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the relationship between high-order aberrations (HOAs) and accommodative dysfunctions by analyzing their changes with accommodation. Understanding this relationship is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying these conditions. Sixty-three subjects were divided into five groups: control, infacility of accommodation (INFA), excess of accommodation (EA), insufficiency of accommodation (INSA), and symptomatic without dysfunction (SWD). Variations in root-mean-square (RMS) of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th orders and HOAs, and fluctuations of RMS HOAs, were measured using a Shack–Hartmann aberrometer at different accommodative stimuli and during residual accommodation after their removal, in the following order: 0.00 D, 1.00 D, 0.00 D, 2.45 D, 0.00 D, 4.73 D and 0.00 D. The SWD group showed a significant increase in RMS HOAs during accommodation and residual accommodation. In contrast, the EA group showed an improvement in the ocular optical quality at higher stimuli. Different patterns of changes in the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th orders were observed across all groups, and fluctuations of RMS HOAs increased significantly in the SWD group during accommodation and residual accommodation. These distinct patterns of aberration changes in different accommodative dysfunctions suggest a potential link between their underlying mechanisms, providing insights that may aid their earlier diagnosis and improved management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power is the property of Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The accommodation of eating disorder (ED) behaviours by carers is one of the maintaining processes described in the cognitive interpersonal model of anorexia nervosa. This systematic scoping review aimed to explore studies examining accommodating and enabling behaviour, including how it impacts upon the carer's own mental health and the outcome of illness in their loved ones. Methods and results: In this systematic scoping review, five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL) were searched for studies measuring accommodating and enabling behaviour in carers of people with EDs. A total of 36 studies were included, of which 10 were randomised trials, 13 were longitudinal studies, nine were cross-sectional studies and four were qualitative studies. Carers of people with EDs were found to have high level of accommodating and enabling behaviour which reduced following treatment, although no single type of intervention was found to be superior to others. Higher accommodation in carers was associated with higher level of emotional distress, anxiety and fear. There was mixed evidence around whether accommodating and enabling behaviour in carers impacted the outcome of illness in their loved ones. Conclusion: Accommodating and enabling behaviours are frequently seen in carers of people with AN, and carer-focused interventions are able to reduce these behaviours, although it is unclear if any intervention shows superiority. There may be nuances in the impact of these behaviours related to interactions within the support network and variations in the forms of co-morbidity in patients. More studies with a larger sample size and which include both mothers and fathers are required. Plain English Summary: Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions which also significantly affect the physical health of patients and the carers who support these patients. In this systematic scoping review, the authors have examined the impact of eating disorders on carer's emotional reactions and behaviour towards the eating disorder symptoms, namely accommodating and enabling behaviour towards the illness. For this review the authors searched for published studies that examined accommodating behaviour in carers of people with any type of eating disorder, which includes studies such as randomized trials, longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies and qualitative studies. Higher levels of accommodation in carers was associated with higher levels of their emotional distress, anxiety and fear. Accommodating and enabling behaviours reduced with treatment although no single type of intervention was more effective in this regard than others. There was mixed evidence for the impact of accommodating and enabling behaviour in carers on the outcome of eating disorders in the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A shift from understanding languages as discrete towards understanding them as undifferentiated features in the repertoire has caused disagreements over the reality of linguistic boundaries. In this paper, I show how a middle‐ground approach is achievable by applying the complex workings of a scalar‐chronotopic lens to the discourse of bilingual/multidialectal Bahrainis. I argue that both perspectives on (in)discreteness become relevant in accounting for bi/multilingual subjectivities: at times, Arabic is idealized as a large‐scale code against English, whereas at other times, the intrusiveness of English is backgrounded to show affiliation for one Arabic variety over another. I show accommodation in communication as a spatiotemporally layered process, where the internalized contextual factors within the repertoire may overlap with or take precedence over the immediate context. As such, this paper adds to the question of linguistic discreteness, with implications for our understanding of the repertoire and its utility in bi/multilingual practices and accommodation theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusional vergence range tests are commonly used in optometric practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible contribution of CA/C, AC/A, and proximal cues (PCT) to the magnitude and presence of blur and recovery during the measurement of fusional vergence ranges and to determine whether the occurrence of blur is influenced by these vergence and accommodation cues. A total of 27 participants with normal binocular vision were included and AC/A, CA/C, and PCT ratios were evaluated. Blur, break, and recovery values in convergence and divergence were assessed with base-out and base-in prisms, respectively. No statistical correlations were found between AC/A, CA/C, and PCT ratios and the magnitude of blur, break, and recovery values in neither far, near, convergence, nor divergence testing conditions. However, better near point of convergence values were related to higher break values in convergence at far distances, but not at near distances. In addition, for convergence and far distance, a statistical difference was found between groups reporting and not reporting blur in AC/A stimulus and PCT ratios. The present results cannot confirm whether vergence and accommodation cues, such as AC/A, CA/C, and PCT ratios, may play an active role during the assessment of fusional vergence range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under what conditions do riotous-violent protests increase the likelihood of protest success? The protest literature has largely found that riotous-violent protests (RVPs) are not effective. However, a burgeoning literature contradicts these findings. We extend this literature by exploring how waves of RVPs increase the likelihood of protest success. Protesters learn from past protest-government response dyads, which reduces the costs of continued protest in the face of repression. The temporal accumulation of riotous-violent protests exhausts the resources and collective will of the regime to continually hold out on protester demands. Thus, as the number of RVPs increases in a country-year, we expect there to be a coinciding increase in instances of government accommodation. Furthermore, we argue that democracy conditions the relationship between waves of RVPs and protest success. We conduct a cross-national observational data analysis of 119 countries from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Mass Mobilization Project. Our results support both of our hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Autostereoscopic displays have become increasingly common, but their impact on ocular dimensions remains unknown. We sought to identify changes in the crystalline lens dimensions induced by autostereoscopic three‐dimensional (3D) viewing. Methods: Forty young adults (age: 22.6 ± 2.0 years, male/female: 15/25) were consecutively enrolled and randomly divided into two groups (3D and two‐dimensional [2D] viewing groups) to watch a 30‐min movie clip displayed in 3D or 2D mode on a tablet computer. The lens thickness (LT), diameter, curvature, decentration and tilt were measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography under both non‐accommodating (static) and accommodating conditions. Results: In the static condition, the LT decreased by 0.03 ± 0.03 mm (p < 0.001) and the anterior radius of curvature (ARC) increased by 0.49 ± 0.59 mm (p = 0.001) post‐3D viewing. In contrast, following 2D viewing, the ARC decreased by 0.23 ± 0.25 mm (p = 0.001). Additionally, the increase in the steep ARC post‐3D viewing was greater in high‐myopic eyes than low to moderate myopic eyes (p = 0.04). When comparing the accommodative with the static (non‐accommodative) condition, for 3D viewing the lens decentration decreased (−0.03 ± 0.05 mm, p = 0.02); while for 2D viewing, the posterior curvature radius (−0.14 ± 0.20 mm, p = 0.006) and diameter (−0.13 ± 0.20 mm, p = 0.01) decreased. Conclusions: Viewing with the autostereoscopic 3D tablet could temporally decrease the thickness and curvature of the lens under non‐accommodating conditions. However, its long‐term effect requires further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Visual function deficits have been reported in adolescents following concussion. We compared vergence and accommodation deficits in paediatric and adolescent patients at a tertiary medical centre in the sub‐acute (15 days to 12 weeks) and chronic (12 weeks to 1 year) phases of concussion recovery. Methods: The study included patients aged 7 to <18 years seen between 2014 and 2021, who had a binocular vision (BV) examination conducted within 15 days and 1 year of their concussion injury. Included patients had to have 0.10 logMAR monocular best‐corrected vision or better in both eyes and be wearing a habitual refractive correction. BV examinations at near included measurements of near point of convergence, convergence and divergence amplitudes, vergence facility, monocular accommodative amplitude and monocular accommodative facility. Vergence and accommodation deficits were diagnosed using established clinical criteria. Group differences were assessed using nonparametric statistics and ANCOVA modelling. Results: A total of 259 patients were included with 111 in the sub‐acute phase and 148 in the chronic phase of concussion recovery. There was no significant difference in the rates of vergence deficits between the two phases of concussion recovery (sub‐acute = 48.6%; chronic = 49.3%). There was also no significant difference in the rates of accommodation deficits between the two phases of concussion recovery (sub‐acute = 82.0%; chronic = 77.0%). Conclusion: Patients in both the sub‐acute and chronic phases of concussion recovery exhibited a high frequency of vergence and accommodation deficits, with no significant differences between groups. Results indicate that patients exhibiting vision deficits in the sub‐acute phase may not resolve without intervention, though a prospective, longitudinal study is required to test the hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accommodations are the most important representatives of tourism in cities,and their location greatly affects a tourist's choice. In studying the geographical distribution of accommodations as a spatial phenomenon, attention should be paid to their spatial characteristics. Spatial modeling is a suitable statistical approach to studying the patterns and distribution of accommodation. In this research, spatial variable relationships between the spatial distribution of accommodations and the factors that affect them in Yazd city have been investigated. In terms of purpose, the research is practical and based on spatial data analysis methods. The research data includes the number and geographical location of accommodations and explanatory variables, including land use, road network, attractions, and population. Using exploratory analysis methods, the spatial patterns were identified, and then, using global Poisson regression (GPR) and geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR), the effective factors in forming patterns were analyzed. The results of the ANN index test show that the spatial pattern is clustered. Also, the findings showed that attractions, road networks, green spaces, taxi and bus stations, commercial centers, governmental and non-governmental offices, and residential areas were among the most important effective factors. The GWPR model performs better in estimating the effects of independent variables, and the effect of independent variables is not the same in different spatial units. Urban and tourism planners can provide plans for the development and optimization of tourism in Yazd city according to the spatial pattern of accommodations and the factors that affect their spatial distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the correlation between how learners are classified in terms of disability and their perceptions of (1) the effectiveness of online instructional methods, (2) their self-efficacy levels, and (3) the accommodations they need. Conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown, the study included 278 higher education students with disabilities who participated in an online survey, with 50 of them undergoing in-depth interviews. Using an embedded mixed methods design, the research aimed to explore participants' experiences with online classes. Data triangulation was employed to better comprehend the adequacy of accommodations and accessibility in online learning. The findings indicate that individuals with disabilities experience diverse benefits and challenges in online learning, influenced by their specific disability classifications and social contexts in which they engage with the learning environment. Further research is necessary to gain a more profound understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by students with disabilities in the realm of online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the effect of smartphone use on the eye. Twenty-two children, aged 8-16 years, participated in this study. A self-administered questionnaire about smartphone usage time, outdoor activities, and sleep time to obtain dry eye was applied to the child and parents. An ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break-up time (TBUT), blink time, autorefractometer, optical biometry, accommodation, contrast sensitivity, and optical coherence tomography tests were applied before a 5-min video watching, and during the video session we counted the complete -incomplete blinks. After video watching, we did the tests. After the tests, we again applied a 5-min video watching and after the video we tested all the parameters again, and finally, following a 5-min resting period, we tested the parameters again. We found no difference between the groups in terms of OSDI scores. Children with punctate epithelial erosions and time spent on the phone have a statistical relation. TBUT also differs statistically before and after test periods (p =.014), since complete blinks did not differ but incomplete blinks differed before and after video watching. The nearpoint of convergence also differs after video watching (p =.008) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) decreases even after the short-time video watching period. On the contrary, we did not find any effect of short-time smartphone watching on auto-keratometer values and retinal-choroidal thickness. This is the first comprehensive study on the short-term effects of smartphone on the paediatric age group. Even 10 min of smartphone can have an effect on TBUT, incomplete blinks, nearpoint of convergence break-recovery, and ACD. During this coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we must be mindful of the time our children spend on the phone and keep in mind that even 10 min can have ocular effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of University Research / Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of University Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Portugal's tourism industry is essential to the nation's economy, significantly contributing to wealth creation and employment opportunities. However, the onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 severely impacted this vital sector. The accommodation and food services were particularly hit, with many businesses facing widespread closures. By early 2022, Portugal's economy faced additional hurdles. Geopolitical tensions and rising inflation created further disruptions on a global scale, complicating the recovery process. Despite these obstacles, Portugal's accommodation and food services sector began to show promising signs of recovery. To gain a deeper understanding of these dynamics, this paper utilizes shift-share analysis to examine the postpandemic business landscape of Portugal's accommodation and food services sector, focusing on data from 2019 to 2022 for active businesses and the number of persons employed. This analytical method breaks down growth into national, sectoral, and regional components, providing a comprehensive view of the factors influencing recovery. The findings indicate that regional and industrial factors played a more significant role in driving recovery than national economic trends alone. Notably, regions such as the Algarve, Madeira, and Açores demonstrated remarkable resilience and growth. These areas benefited from their unique competitive advantages within the sector, which helped them navigate the challenging post-pandemic environment more effectively. The study's insights are invaluable for policymakers and investors. By understanding the importance of regional policies and innovation, stakeholders can make targeted decisions that enhance the sector's competitiveness and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of China constitutes a challenge for the U.S. hegemonic aspirations. However, Washington reacts to it rather belatedly and with restrain. Up until the mid-2020s, the United States did not consider the preventive use of force as a means to deter its competitor. On the contrary, it maintained intensive economic ties with China, contributing to its further strengthening. The article argues that the U.S. policy towards China reflects the optimism within the U.S. leadership regarding the long-term preservation of the foundations of its international standing. In other words, the United States does not perceive itself a declining power; rather, it believes that China will not be able to compete with it in the forceable future. In this regard, the U.S. has pursued primarily a delaying strategy, combining restrained pressure with unwillingness to either escalate or make significant concessions. The U.S. optimism proceeds from the prevailing uncertainty in international relations about the relative balance of power among great powers and the unclear prospects of future shifts in national capabilities. Under these conditions, Washington relies on ideological convictions in the superiority of its political, economic and social model over its competitors and appeals to the past patterns of great power rivalry. This study covers the period from the late 2000s to the mid-2020s. The article begins with a theoretical justification of the origins of optimism of weakening powers. Then, it examines changes in balance of power between the U.S. and China based on traditional indicators of national capabilities. Following this, the article explores the arguments against the U.S. decline and summarizes official assessments of threats to U.S. global standing. Finally, it traces the comparative roles of accommodation, coercion and restraint in the U.S. policy towards China. The analysis envisages an adjustment in the conceptual understanding of the dynamics of great power rivalry. It demonstrates that the lack of reliable information does not necessarily lead to intensifications of rivalries (as suggested by the “security dilemma”), but can also limit confrontation.

Abstract Background The accommodation of eating disorder (ED) behaviours by carers is one of the maintaining processes described in the cognitive interpersonal model of anorexia nervosa. This systematic scoping review aimed to explore studies examining accommodating and enabling behaviour, including how it impacts upon the carer’s own mental health and the outcome of illness in their loved ones. Methods and results In this systematic scoping review, five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL) were searched for studies measuring accommodating and enabling behaviour in carers of people with EDs. A total of 36 studies were included, of which 10 were randomised trials, 13 were longitudinal studies, nine were cross-sectional studies and four were qualitative studies. Carers of people with EDs were found to have high level of accommodating and enabling behaviour which reduced following treatment, although no single type of intervention was found to be superior to others. Higher accommodation in carers was associated with higher level of emotional distress, anxiety and fear. There was mixed evidence around whether accommodating and enabling behaviour in carers impacted the outcome of illness in their loved ones. Conclusion Accommodating and enabling behaviours are frequently seen in carers of people with AN, and carer-focused interventions are able to reduce these behaviours, although it is unclear if any intervention shows superiority. There may be nuances in the impact of these behaviours related to interactions within the support network and variations in the forms of co-morbidity in patients. More studies with a larger sample size and which include both mothers and fathers are required.

AIM: To evaluate the reliability of measurements of corneal changes with accommodation in healthy eyes using a Scheimpflug imaging-based system and how these measurements distribute in the normal population.METHODS: Prospective, non-randomized, comparative study including 27 healthy subjects(54 eyes), including emmetropia(13 eyes), myopia(17 eyes), hyperopia(4 eyes)and astigmatism(20 eyes)groups. In all cases, a complete eye examination was performed, including the analysis of corneal changes with different accommodative stimuli(+2.00, 0.00 and -3.00 D)using the Pentacam AXL system. The investigation was structured in 2 phases: repeatability analysis and characterization of accommodation-related corneal changes in healthy populations.RESULTS: In the repeatability analysis, the index of height asymmetry(IHA)showed the greatest variability with the three accommodative stimuli, being the results for the rest of parameters acceptable. The group of emmetropes showed significant differences with accommodative changes in the position of maximum keratometry(Kmax; P

AIM: To assess the clinical efficacy of visual therapy in children with abnormal visual functions and asthenopia.METHODS: Retrospective case study. The data of 57 patients(114 eyes), aged 8.25±1.94 years, who underwent visual training at the optometry center of Xi'an Children's Hospital between January 2022 and April 2023, were collected. Patient assessments before and after training included refractive errors, a visual fatigue scale questionnaire, and visual function tests. These tests included the Worth 4 Dot for binocular vision, the Von Graefe method for measuring latent strabismus at distance and near, the gradient method for assessing the accommodative convergence/accommodation(AC/A)ratio, the push-up test for convergence near point, the negative lens method for amplitude of accommodation, the cross-cylinder test for accommodative response, and the flipper test for accommodative flexibility. Training programs were tailored based on the initial assessments of visual function and asthenopia. Comparisons were made between pre-training, 1 and 3 mo post-training evaluations.RESULTS: At baseline and 1 mo post-training, the visual fatigue scores were 26.00±6.77 and 19.57±8.90, respectively(P0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were noted in the binocular amplitude of accommodation, NRA, PRA, and near phoria between 1 and 3 mo after training(all P>0.05). The visual function parameters of 30 patients with low myopia(SE: -1.99±1.22 D), 3 patients with low hyperopia(SE: +1.01±0.13 D)and 24 patients with emmetropia(SE: +0.25±0.11 D)were not statistically significant before training and at 1 mo after training(all P>0.05). Certain visual functions significantly improved at 1 mo after training, and most had returned normal by 3 mo.CONCLUSION: Vision therapy significantly enhances binocular visual function and alleviates symptoms of asthenopia in children with visual dysfunction. It is an effective, straightforward, and easily applicable method for relieving children's visual fatigue.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the levels regarding the digitalisation and e-commerce footprint of enterprises in accommodation and food service activities for Romania and the European Union (EU). The goal of this research relating to the status of digitalisation and electronic commerce in accommodation and food service activities, is to better understand the magnitude (in Romania and EU) of the aforementioned from the viewpoint of specific indicators. And through those indicators to retrieve some answers regarding to: the degree of digitalisation, the level of enterprises where persons employed have access to the internet and also that have access to the internet for business purposes, the use of social media, the degree of enterprises with a website, the extent of difficulties for web sales of enterprises, what is the situation regarding the enterprises with e-commerce sales and enterprises total turnover from e-commerce sales. The research methodology included collecting information from recognized data bases (Google Scholar for theoretical part and Eurostat for the empirical approach).

Purpose: to develop a technique for an objective multifactorial assessment of accommodation parameters, including accommodation stability and microfluctuations (MF), and an assessment of the diagnostic value of the technique. Material and methods. The dynamic monocular accommodative response (MAR) was measured using a WAM-5500 device (Grand Seiko, Japan) over a period of 10 to 60 seconds with a recording frequency of at least 6 Hz. The approximating cubic spline was calculated, and the temporal change of signal trend was assessed. The developed technique was used to evaluate the dynamics of MAR for 46 eyes of 23 patients aged 8–12 years with acquired myopia from -0.87 to -5.75 D (ave. -2.96 D). Results. In the examined eyes, the MF frequency varied from 0.4 Hz to 2.3 Hz (ave. 1.4 Hz), and the maximum amplitude ranged from 0.4 D to 2.47 D (ave. 1.2 D). Over the research period, the MAR trend remained constant in 10 eyes, increased from 0.17 to 0.47 (ave. 0.29 D) in 8, and decreased from 0.1 to 1.53 D (ave. 0.35 D) in 28 eyes. MAR varied from 0.79 to 2.63 (ave. 1.8 D). A correlation was found between the minimum MAR and the signal range with the trend level (r= 0.29 and r=0.4, respectively) and a weak correlation was revealed between the MF frequency and the signal range (r=0.2). A set of criteria for accommodation instability was identified: a decreasing trend of more than 0.35 D, a MF frequency of more than 1.4 per second and/or a maximum signal span of more than 1.2 D. Conclusion. The developed technique or objective multifactorial assessment of accommodation parameters, including stability and MF, in real time and space proves to be useful for the diagnosing of accommodation disorders.

Abstract Objective To investigate the characteristics of eye movement in children with anisometropic amblyopia, and to compare those characteristics with eye movement in a control group. Methods 31 children in the anisometropic amblyopia group (31 amblyopic eyes in group A, 31 contralateral eyes in group B) and 24 children in the control group (48 eyes in group C). Group A was subdivided into groups Aa (severe amblyopia) and Ab (mild-moderate amblyopia). The overall age range was 6–12 years (mean, 7.83 ± 1.79 years). All children underwent ophthalmic examinations; eye movement parameters including saccade latency and amplitude were evaluated using an Eyelink1000 eye tracker. Data Viewer and MATLAB software were used for data analysis. Results Mean and maximum saccade latencies, as well as mean and maximum saccade amplitudes, were significantly greater in group A than in groups B and C before and after treatment (P

Objectives Methods Results Conclusions The accommodation of symptoms of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) by loved ones is highly prevalent and impactful on treatment outcomes; however, little is known about factors that influence accommodation by romantic partners of OCD sufferers. The aim of this preliminary investigation was to explore such correlates.A community sample of 50 patients self‐identifying with OCD (Mage = 29.3; SD = 9.3; 74% female) and 20 individuals self‐identifying as the partner of someone with OCD (Mage = 32.1; SD = 12.4; 65% female) participated in this study via an online questionnaire.Associations were found between partner accommodation of OCD and a range of obsessions and compulsions across the patient and partner samples, as well as patient‐reported symptom severity, functional impairment and negative emotion states. Neuroticism was also positively associated with partner accommodation in the patient sample but did not contribute to its prediction over and above other known correlates of family accommodation. In the partner sample, extraversion was found to be a unique negative correlate of partner accommodation.These findings highlight the vital role both patient and partner factors play in the accommodation of OCD behaviours by romantic partners and the importance of involving loved ones in the treatment of individuals with OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the impact of accommodation function on the difference between cycloplegic and noncycloplegic subjective and automatic refraction in adult myopes. Methods: Myopic patients between 18 and 50 years old evaluated at Peking University Third Hospital who underwent cycloplegic and noncycloplegic automatic and subjective refraction were enrolled. Accommodation function, including negative and positive relative accommodation (PRA/NRA) and accommodation response (binocular cross cylinder, BCC) was examined. Results: Of the 3268 individuals enrolled, the mean age was 27.3 ± 6.9 years, and 34.8% of participants were male. The noncycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) was 0.23 ± 0.29 D and 0.64 ± 0.61 D more myopic than cycloplegic subjective and automatic refraction. Adjusting for associated factors, participants with at least 0.50 D of more myopia SE refraction by noncycloplegic subjective refraction were more likely to be older (odds ratio [OR], 1.029; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.013–1.045) and with insufficient (OR, 1.514; 95% CI, 1.093–2.096) and excessive (OR, 2.196; 95% CI, 1.538–3.137) NRA value. The automatic refraction SE difference of at least 1.00 D more myopia was more likely to be found in individuals with older age (OR, 1.036; 95% CI, 1.022–1.050) and accommodative lead (OR, 1.255; 95% CI, 1.004–1.568). Conclusion: A quarter of adult myopes had at least 0.50 and 1.00 D of subjective and automatic SE difference with cycloplegia. The accommodation function significantly affects the difference between cycloplegic and noncycloplegic refraction. Investigating the differences in refraction measurement guarantees the proper use of cycloplegia in adults for myopia correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perspective taking is theorized to help sustain satisfying social relationships by promoting prorelationship responses that reduce harmful negative behaviors in relationship interactions. The present studies provide the first tests of whether perspective taking predicts less negative behavior within couples' daily and lab-based conflict interactions. In Study 1, individuals (N = 77) rated their perspective taking and their own and partner's hurtful, critical, and distancing behavior each day for 14 days. In Study 2, couples (N = 78 dyads) completed the same daily measures for 21 days. In Study 3, couples (N = 143 dyads) engaged in a lab-based video-recorded discussion of their most serious conflict. Each dyad member reported on the degree to which they engaged in perspective taking, and their own and their partner's negative behavior, during the discussion. Objective coders also rated the degree to which both partners exhibited negative behavior during the discussion. Actors' perspective taking was associated with actors' lower negative behavior as reported by actors (Studies 1–3) and partners (Study 2) and as rated by observers (Study 3). Significant interaction effects also suggested that actors' perspective taking attenuated how much actors behaved more negatively as their partners behaved more negatively, although the moderating pattern was weaker within daily reports (Studies 1 and 2) compared to couple's observed conflict interactions (Study 3). The attenuating effects of perspective taking were independent of commitment, satisfaction, self-esteem, and attachment insecurity. These studies provide new evidence that facilitating perspective taking may reduce common, destructive behaviors that can harm couple relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication accommodation is by definition a form of a person adapting himself or in other words the adaptation made to the person he is speaking to. This research will discuss the analysis of group communication accommodation for mobile legend online game players on Tel-u Alpha. This research aims to determine the group communication accommodation that occurs among mobile legend online game players on Tel-u Alpha. This research uses qualitative methods by collecting data through interviews with focus group discussions conducted with Telu Alpha. In this research, Giles uses CAT theory or Communication Accommodation Theory. The research results showed that there were adjustments made by each member of the Tel-u Alpha team because adjusting their way of communicating, would make it easier for the team to achieve common goals. This can happen because communication accommodation aims to equalize perceptions to reduce conflict that will occur in a group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusionsTo evaluate the repeatability of the Zernike coefficients in healthy eyes when monocular accommodation was stimulated at different vergences demands.A total of 36 right eyes from healthy volunteers were prospectively and consecutively recruited for this study. Wavefront aberrometry was conducted to objectively characterize the ocular optical quality during accommodation, from the individual’s far point to a 5 D accommodation demand in steps of 0.5 D. The repeatability of Zernike coefficients up to the fourth order was assessed by calculating the within-eye repeatability (Sw), the coefficient of repeatability (CR), the coefficient of variation (CV), and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as an indicator of measurement reliability.Correlation among repeated measurements showed high reliability (ICC > 0.513) for all parameters measured except some fourth-order Zernike coefficients, C(4, −4) (ICC < 0.766), C(4, −2) (ICC < 0.875), C(4, 2) (ICC < 0.778) and C(4, 4) (ICC < 0.811). Greater repeatability and less variability were obtained for high-order Zernike coefficients (CR < 0.154), although an increase in CR in the coefficients analyzed was observed with increasing accommodative demand. No clear trend was evident in CV; however, it was observed that the low-order Zernike coefficients exhibit lower CV (CV < 1.93) compared to the high-order Zernike coefficients (CV > 0).The reliability of Zernike coefficients up to the fourth order in healthy young individuals demonstrated a strong consistency in measuring terms up to the fourth order, with more variability observed for high-order terms. The Zernike coefficients up to the third order exhibited the highest level of repeatability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of eye movement in children with anisometropic amblyopia, and to compare those characteristics with eye movement in a control group. Methods: 31 children in the anisometropic amblyopia group (31 amblyopic eyes in group A, 31 contralateral eyes in group B) and 24 children in the control group (48 eyes in group C). Group A was subdivided into groups Aa (severe amblyopia) and Ab (mild-moderate amblyopia). The overall age range was 6–12 years (mean, 7.83 ± 1.79 years). All children underwent ophthalmic examinations; eye movement parameters including saccade latency and amplitude were evaluated using an Eyelink1000 eye tracker. Data Viewer and MATLAB software were used for data analysis. Results: Mean and maximum saccade latencies, as well as mean and maximum saccade amplitudes, were significantly greater in group A than in groups B and C before and after treatment (P < 0.05). Mean and maximum saccade latencies were significantly different among groups Aa, Ab, and C (P < 0.05). Pupil trajectories in two detection modes suggested that binocular fixation was better than monocular fixation. Conclusions: Eye movement parameters significantly differed between contralateral normal eyes and control eyes. Clinical evaluation of children with anisometropic amblyopia should not focus only on static visual acuity, but also on the assessment of eye movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Asthenopia is related to near vision activities or visual tasks that dissociate accommodation from vergence. Since the results of previous studies using objective measures to diagnose asthenopia are inconsistent, this study compared optometric tests and objective metrics of accommodation in non‐asthenopic and asthenopic young adults before and after a visual fatigue task. Methods: The accommodative response was recorded objectively for 6 min at a 3.33 D accommodative demand using an autorefractor, before and after a 5‐min non‐congruent visual task. Accommodation was disassociated from vergence with a ±2.00 D accommodative flipper while reading at the same distance. Optometric tests and subjective evaluations of asthenopia were performed before and after the task. Twenty‐six non‐presbyopic adults (23.15 ± 2.56 years) were included and identified as asthenopic (n = 14) or non‐asthenopic (n = 12) based on their score on the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire. Results: A mixed ANOVA found no significant difference between the groups for objective (accommodative response) or subjective metrics (feeling of fatigue, optometric tests), although all participants reported greater visual fatigue after the task. A significant effect of time (before and after the non‐congruent task) was identified for the overall sample for mean accommodative lag (+0.10 D, p = 0.01), subjective visual fatigue (+1.18, p < 0.01), negative relative accommodation (−0.20 D, p = 0.02) and near negative fusional reserve (blur: +2.46Δ, p < 0.01; break: +1.89Δ, p < 0.01; recovery: +3.34Δ, p = 0.02). Conclusions: The task‐induced asthenopia, measured both objectively and subjectively, was accompanied by a change in accommodative lag, greater visual fatigue and a decrease in negative relative accommodation. Conversely, near negative fusional reserves seem to adapt to the task. No significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to accommodative metrics (objective) or subjective and optometric tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research discusses the pivotal role of women in accommodation management within the context of the digital era, focusing on their contributions to business efficiency, cultural preservation, and community welfare in tourism villages, specifically in Karangasem, Bali. Women play a significant role in adapting to environmental changes and visitor needs through creative economic activities like handicrafts and culinary arts. The research employs a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, drawing insights from interviews and surveys conducted with women managing accommodations in Karangasem. Talcott Parsons' AGIL concept and Moser's gender analysis framework are utilized to analyze women's roles, challenges, and strategic requirements in accommodation management. They contribute to increasing village income, creating jobs, and enhancing community welfare through tourism business management. Additionally, women maintain social cohesion, resolve conflicts, and strengthen social relationships in tourism villages, showcasing their integration capabilities. Furthermore, they preserve traditions, transmit cultural knowledge, and ensure that tourism aligns with local values, emphasizing the importance of latency or pattern maintenance. By recognizing and supporting women in their efforts to uphold cultural heritage, promote teamwork, and maintain high work standards, organizations can foster a sense of pride and belonging among employees and guests. This study highlights the essential role of women in the accommodation sector for economic, social, and cultural development, as well as for advancing gender equality in the digital era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of sustainability and circular economy (CE) have attracted enormous attention in the academic, business and political spheres. However, a systematic review of case studies concerning CE in the tourism industry remains lacking. The present study collected good environmental management practices and circular solutions related to energy, water and waste from tourist accommodations in Italy/Europe and China. Moreover, sustainable procedures were critically discussed within the strategic water-energy-waste-food-transport (WEWFT) nexus. When comprehensive data were available, good practices were also measured by Circular Indicators (CIs) and compared to benchmark values set by existing certification or labelling. CIs support the innovative, resilient and sustainable development and assessment of the tourism industry. Most of the strategies were focused on energy optimization and a lack of tangible data was depicted for food and waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the life and work of the Spanish missionary Antonio de Santa Maria Caballero (1602-1669), who played a significant role in re-establishing the Franciscan presence in the Catholic missions of China during the 17th century. Caballero began his active missionary work in 1633 and became proficient in the Chinese language and culture, mainly focusing on understanding the works of Confucius and other classics. His dedication allowed him to pass the ri�-gorous imperial exams in Lipu, northeast of Guangxi, in 1653. Caballero's work, published in Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Chinese, includes books, treatises, comments, and letters that identify his missionary theory and practice. He strongly opposed the accommodation model promoted by the Jesuits, which allowed Chinese converts to Christianity to continue practicing ancestor rituals and worshiping Confucius. Caballero criticized any blending of traditional Chinese beliefs with Christian doctrine. In 1666, together with 24 other Catholic missionaries in China, Caballero was arrested and exiled to Canton, where he died three years later. During exile, the surviving missionaries, 20 Jesuits, three Dominicans, and Caballero, held from December 18, 1667, to January 26, 1668, a series of meetings that, later known as "Canton Conferences", intended to develop a consensual text on the missionary strategy. Dominated by the Jesuit accommodationist model, all the missionaries present signed the final document known in Latin as Acta Cantoniensia authentica, except Caballero, who immediately worked on a document justifying his critical position. The result was a long letter written originally in Spanish addressed in 1668 to the Portuguese Jesuit Luís da Gama (1610-1672), then provincial of China and Japan, entitled "Tratado que se remitió al muy R. P. Luís de Gama de la Compañia de Jesús sobre algunos puntos de esta misión de la Gran China" (Treatise sent to the very R. P. Luís de Gama of the Society of Jesus on some points of this mission in Great China). Mobilizing the main Confucian and neo-Confucian classics that Caballero shared in-depth, the text criticized in detail the cults of ancestors and Confucius as pagan, also denying any possibility of finding even remote forms of natural theology and an approach to the Christian God among the ancient school traditions that underpinned traditional cults. At the same time, seeking to substantiate his critical positions with works produced by some Jesuits, Caballero translated into Latin during this period of exile a treatise initially written in Portuguese by the Italian Jesuit Nicolò Longobardo, the successor of Matteo Ricci, critic of the accommodationist model and, in particular, of the proposed Chinese translations of the name of God. The two texts, Caballero's letter and Longobardo's treatise were translated into French and published in Paris in 1701 by the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris, a congregation extremely hostile to the Jesuit missionary model in China. Entitled "Anciens Traitez de divers auteurs sur les ceremonies de la Chine" (Ancient Treatises of various authors on the ceremonies of China), the work would be offered in 1715 to the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz at the end of 1715 by his French correspondent Nicolas-François Rémond de Montfort. The critical reading of Leibniz produced his unfinished reflections, written in 1716, on the ethical compatibility between Chinese classical moral thought and Christian doctrine written in French as "Lettre sur la philosophie chinoise à Monsieur de Rémond" (Letter on the Chinese Philosophy to M. Remond). Republished since 1977 as "Discourse on the Natural Theology of the Chinese," Leibniz's text is a defense of the Jesuit missionary accommodation system, stressing its contribution to his personal ongoing research on the possibilities of an autonomous, universal moral philosophy grounded in transcultural foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated teachers’ knowledge and practice of accommodation for pupils with visual impairment in basic schools in Owerri North Local Government. The study was carried out to examine the level of basic school teacher's knowledge accommodation strategies fmmor pupils with visual impairment and to ascertain the extent of practice accommodation strategies for pupils with visual impairment. Respondents were 80 basic school teachers selected through convenience sampling. Questionnaire on Accommodation Strategies for Pupils with Visual Impairment (QASPVI) developed and validated by the researcher was used to collect data for the study. Data collected were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results show low level of knowledge of accommodation strategies among the respondents as 61.1% of the respondents were not aware of accommodation strategies for persons with visual impairment while 38.9%were aware. It was also found that the level of practice of accommodation strategies for pupils with visual impairment among the respondents was very low as shown by the weighted average (X =1.38; SD= 0.484). The need for regular in-service workshop for basic school teachers on accommodation strategies for pupils with visual impairment in Basic Schools in Owerri North Local Government Area and provision of necessary facility and equipment such as resource room, Braille machine, large print, audiotape, etc. which will enable teachers accommodate pupils with visual impairment in classroom instruction were recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The majority of students with exceptional needs receive most of their formal education in general education or inclusive classrooms. These students often need a variety of accommodations to ensure their success with the general education curriculum. The purpose of this article is to explore accommodation approaches and strategies for teaching students with exceptional needs in inclusive classrooms. We first discuss the relationship of classroom assessment and IEP goal development, followed by a discussion on how to accommodate learning objectives for classroom assessment. We further discuss how to use classroom assessment to document IEP progress. Finally, we present assessment accommodation categories by providing vignettes of students with exceptional needs who receive appropriate and adequate accommodations in inclusive classrooms. We conclude with a brief discussion on practice, policy, and research implications of accommodations for inclusive practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Individual differences in dealing with unattainable goals or resource-consumptive goal pursuit are conceptualized as goal adjustment processes in three theoretical approaches: accommodative coping (twoprocess model of developmental regulation), compensatory secondary coping (motivational theory of life-span development), and goal disengagement and goal reengagement (goal adjustment theory). The aim of this paper is to conceptually and empirically analyze convergences and divergences between the three approaches as well as their relationship with indicators of well-being and their intersections with cognitive emotion regulation. Methods: The empirical study is based on a cross-sectional online survey (N = 433; M = 28.9 years, SD = 8.4 years; 50% female). Results: The conceptual analysis yields clear convergences, but also differences. Empirically, clear but partially non-redundant relationships between the concepts are found in structural equation models. Accommodative coping showed the strongest correlations with measures of well-being and cognitive emotion regulation. When all goal adjustment measures are included simultaneously as predictors of well-being, accommodation remains as the strongest predictor (and partly goal reengagement as well), while goal disengagement shows opposing relationships with most measures of well-being. Discussion: We discuss the lessons learnt from these findings and conclude by proposing future avenues to examine goal adjustment processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the suicides of university students staying in state dormitories have been covered in the press and social media in Turkey. This coverage has led to the perception that staying in state dormitories increases the risk of suicide. This study aims to examine the effect of university students' accommodation on suicide risk and mental health. In this study, data were collected from 528 students studying in the 2022–2023 academic year. Suicide probability scale and Brief symptom inventory were used as data collection tools. Parametric analyses (t-test and Anova) were used in data analysis. There is no significant effect of accommodation on suicide risk (p = 0.152), but there is a significant effect of accommodation on mental health (p = 0.010). This effect is observed between the home and family. Among university students, there was no significant difference in the effect of place of accommodation on suicide risk. However, it is seen that the place of accommodation is effective on mental health. It can be stated that this situation is of economic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by the language attitudes literature and communication accommodation theory (CAT), we conducted semistructured interviews with nonnative-accented speakers in Germany to explore how they experience, interpret, and react to everyday communicative interactions with native German speakers. Irrespective of their demographics, nonnative speakers consistently expressed that native speakers construed them as foreigners and ascribed them negative stereotypic traits. Nonnative speakers reported experiencing both accommodation and nonaccommodation during their interactions with native speakers, but reports of the latter—especially underaccommodation—were more frequent. Although nonnative speakers associated their interactions with native speakers with positive affect overall, they also reported experiencing considerable emotional distress due to frequent communication difficulties and native speakers' nonaccommodative moves, which they responded to in a variety of ways (e.g., self-blame and social withdrawal). Our findings offer several insights about native–nonnative speaker interactions from the latter's perspective and contribute to both the language attitudes and CAT literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]