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In the field of designing power supply systems of open pits an important role is attributed to the problems of components reliability analysis, which can be solved by integrated application of different analysis methods for individual types of electrical equipment and network devices in power supply systems. The purpose of the work is to establish optimal parameters for an open-pit mine power supply at mining and processing complexes, and to conduct research that allows a technical and economic model of the system to be created. It has been established that mathematical statistics provides a number of methods for establishing the homogeneity (or heterogeneity) of the population of random variable values. When analyzing the data of failure statistics of electrical equipment, the method of comparative estimate of two sample averages (compared to the method of comparing the empirical distribution with the normal distribution or the moving average method) is the most acceptable. The paper presents accident rates of electrical equipment of open-pit substations and network devices of the quarry processed on the basis of data, also presents the relationship between the reliability of the circuit and its elements and shows the influence of protection reliability on the reliability of the circuit. Methods of optimizing open-pit power supply systems are presented, which consist in the use of first-order gradient methods, second-order methods or the so-called quadratic optimization methods, and random search methods. A group of gradient methods is the most widespread for solving nonlinear programming problems, among which the method of steepest descent should be considered primarily. The combination of random search with the penalty function method makes it possible to determine conditional extrema for the problem of optimizing the electrical grid and system operation mode. The method of random descent, which consists in determining the minimum of the target function according to an appropriate algorithm, is also considered, in which the direction of motion is generally given by a random vector uniformly distributed over a hyposphere.

Purpose: The main purpose of the article is to analyze accident rates and the ocean of correlation of accident events in the period 2022-2023, as well as to identify relationships affecting changes in the number of accident events. Design/methodology/approach: The research methods used in the article were quantitative methods, which included empirical surveys and qualitative methods including conducting interviews/questionnaires with representatives of the surveyed companies. An additional approach to the research referred to the statistical data. Findings: The considerations presented in the publication made it possible to analyze the accident rates for the surveyed 25 companies in the logistics industry, statistical data in correlation with both the level of employment and the measures taken that are aimed at the complete elimination of accidents at work. The article seeks to analyze in detail the correlations that occur in the surveyed enterprises in relation to the decreases in accident rates, which were evident in the whole set at 52.98%, with a slight decrease in employment determined for the total at 2.443%. Thus, new courses of action were verified and established, through which companies will eliminate accidental events, affecting the provision of very safe working conditions. Originality/value: The carried out assessment of accident rates in the surveyed companies as well as on the basis of statistical research indicates minimization and strives for complete elimination of accident events in the logistics sector. The main influence on this is the raising of awareness by employees as well as the continuous spreading of safety culture through the implementation of new technical, organizational, analytical or management solutions. The focus on the development, implementation and maintenance of safety management at the highest level, as well as its continuous improvement, significantly affects the decrease in accident rates, which should continue to be maintained and introduced in the logistics industry, but also in other branches of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to implement slope stabilization systems to prevent accidents in the expansion and improvement project of Campiña Huaruro, province of Caylloma, Arequipa. The methodology used was of pre-experimental design, where slope safety was evaluated within the operational jurisdiction of a mining company in high-risk sectors such as Belen, Paclla, Malata and Huaruro, based on risk maps and detailed observation. The results indicated that the systems implemented were cable-reinforced meshes for dacite rock and dynamic rockfall barriers designed for the type of andesite rock present in the project slopes. In addition, the IPERC revealed that the risk levels for the tasks performed on the slopes were 25% moderate risk and 75% low risk. As a result of these preventive measures, a reduction in the accident rate was achieved in the Huaruro project, decreasing from 17.36 to 5.20, which represents a difference of 12.16. In conclusion, the implementation of the slope stabilization system proved to be highly effective in the prevention of occupational accidents in the Huaruro expansion and improvement project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A traffic accident is an event on the road that is unexpected and unintentional. Traffic accidents have an impact on the national economy as evidenced by the contribution of traffic accidents to economic losses in the form of a decrease in GDP by 2.9% - 3.1% or equivalent to USD 1.332 Billion - USD 1.465 Billion. So, to minimize accidents, an analysis is needed that is useful for anticipating accidents. This study intends to obtain the effect of the characteristics of intercity toll roads, as well as urban toll roads, on the accident rate. The stages conducted in this research are previous research studies, data collection, determining variables, and modeling. Based on the analysis that has been done in this study, a negative binomial distribution is used to determine the accident rate of inter-city toll roads and the Poisson distribution to determine the accident rate of toll roads within the city and the fatality rate of toll roads between cities and within cities. There are nine parameters used in this model, which can cover more things than similar studies that have been done before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the power supply of ships is manifested in growth of ship power plants' capacity, the total length of cable lines, and the number of electrified mechanisms. With the development of marine technology, the severity of the consequences of damage to ship electrical equipment and the costs of its maintenance and repair increase. The search for ways to improve the reliability and safety of electrical equipment should be based on design and technological solutions at the stages of its development and production, as well as an analysis of various factors that may appear during the operation of marine equipment and affect the condition of ship electrical systems. During studying these factors, it has been revealed that one of the common types of damage to electrical equipment of marine equipment is single-phase short circuits, the causes of which are varied. Preventing short circuits is labour intensive and in some cases impracticable. However, understanding the characteristics of this type of damage to low-voltage equipment is necessary to improve the reliability and safety of ship electrical systems. The conducted research is based on a survey of ship electrical mechanics. The results of the surveys have made it possible to analyze the frequency of occurrence of single-phase insulation faults, the duration of their existence, to identify the most likely places of occurrence of short circuits and equipment that is more susceptible to such damage compared to other elements of the electrical power system.

The variability of hazards occurring during the construction and expansion of temporary metal structures is the result of many factors. It mainly depends on the environment in which the structure is to be built and the ground on which it is to be located. The fitter generates the most threats during work related to the transfer of elements of a given metal structure as well as assembly and disassembly, and therefore the fitter is the most exposed person to any threats related to the construction of a metal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study is due to the lack of a systematic theoretical platform that serves to describe the effect of increasing (up to two times) the accident rate on roads in conditions of high ambient temperatures. The development of theoretical foundations capable of describing this phenomenon was the purpose of this work. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, methods of mathematical statistics. The initial data were obtained by expert method and observation of drivers of passenger taxis using the “Wialon – GPS” system/Glonass”. The main results consist in the development of a mathematical model of accidents in road transport at high ambient temperatures. With the help of the constructed model, the influence of climatic installations of various types on the reduction of accidents is determined. These results constitute the scientific novelty of the work. The practical significance of the results is to assess the effectiveness of the developed measures to reduce accidents in the hot season, which should include the organization and control of the use of air conditioners and climate control systems, which can reduce the increase in accidents to 64.1%. The directions of further research are related to the development of algorithmic and instrumental support for reducing the increase in accidents during the organization of traffic in conditions of high ambient temperatures. Recommendations. The results of the research can be recommended to the organizers of passenger and cargo transportation by road, divisions of regional and municipal authorities that have traffic management as their functionality.

Known methods of assessing the level of traffic safety on highway sections are considered. Factors that can significantly affect forecasting accuracy have been identified. It is proposed to improve the existing method by introducing additional parameters, which were obtained as a result of the formalization of accident statistics at the places of traffic accidents concentration. The purpose of the work is to provide traffic safety specialists with an effective express method of evaluating the level of traffic safety with points directly on the road. The proposed scoring method of evaluating road safety also arouses interest due to the recent implementation in Ukraine of a road safety audit at the stage of operational maintenance, which is specifically designed to conduct an independent inspection of dangerous sections of highways and prescribe low-cost and effective measures to reduce accidents. This will help to make decisions in the road safety management system that will relate to effective measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mining has a high level of serious accidents compared to all other sectors. The analysis is based on 15,032 accidents. • 12 variables are studied and the influence of each variable on the severity, which is divided into three types (light, serious and fatal). • The results make it possible to design prevention measures for the situations that have led to the most serious accidents. Introduction: The aim of this paper is to understand the causes of occupational accidents in Spain's mining sector in order to propose action plans and improve future accident rates. Method: This research analyzed a pool of data on 15,032 accidents occurring in the mining sector and reported to authorities between 2013 and 2018. Accidents are divided into three levels of severity: light, serious, and fatal. We study the influence of 12 variables on the accident severity rate in our sample. Results: The results show that accident severity is related to age, gender, nationality, length of service, economic activity, company size, accident location, days of injury leave, day of the week, deviation, injury, and specific Spanish region. This sector produces a high rate of serious accidents compared to all other sectors; has a male-dominated, older and experienced workforce; and employs mainly Spanish workers. Its activity is concentrated in larger companies and the work involves the use of heavy machinery and dangerous materials. We offer conclusions and future lines of research to help regulators, companies and workers to improve worker safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of the sources of scientific and technical literature shows that the main factors that cause the accident rate of lifting structures are factors of manmade, natural and «human» characters. The article proposes a methodology for identifying and assessing the significance of factors that are, at first glance, indirect, but have a significant impact on the causes of the accident rate of boom self-propelled cranes. The proposed methodology consists of three stages, each of which separately is quite well tested by other authors. At the first stage, based on the analysis of expert assessment according to the Hay method, it is proposed to identify significant factors. At the second stage, on the basis of the chi-squared criterion, the significance of the factor is assessed. At the third stage, a methodology for conducting a numerical experiment is proposed to assess the significance of factors based on the use of neural networks. Obviously, the proposed methodology can also be used in assessing the significance of factors of other events, and not only in case of accident rate of lifting structures.

Accidents at work are a problem in today's economic structures, but if they result in the loss of human lives, the economic and social cost is even higher. The development of prevention policies, both at governmental and sectoral level, has led to a progressive reduction of occupational accidents, but number of fatal accidents remain high. The aim of this study is to explore the evolution of fatal accidents at work in Spain for the period 2009–2021, analyse the relationship between the main variables, and propose a predictive model of fatal occupational accidents in Spain. Data for this study are collected from occupational accident reports via the Delt@ (Electronic declaration of injured workers) IT system. The study variables were classified into five groups: temporal, personal, business, circumstances, and consequences. Fatal accidents at work are more common in males and in older workers, especially in workers between 40 and 59 years old. Companies with less than five workers have the highest percentage of fatal accidents, and the transport subsector and that the worker is carrying out his/her usual work have a strong correlation in the fatal accidents. Results can help to the agents involved in the health and safety management to develop preventive measures, and action plans.

Ecuador is a country in South America, where, in 2021, there were 849,874 companies that had total sales of USD 105.23 billion, which had 2,698,650 workers. This study was carried out with the aim of analyzing occupational accidents by industry type in Ecuador, focusing mainly on the construction and manufacturing industries. The data were provided upon express request to the National Directorate of General Occupational Risk Insurance of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute. The data used in this study concerned accidents involving qualified workers affiliated with the Ecuadorian Social Security System. The data obtained were used to calculate the general accident rate, accident rate by sector, permanent disability rate, and mortality rate. Between 2016 and 2019, 6960 qualifying accidents occurred in Ecuador. Approximately 89.71 ± 0.36% of the accidents investigated involved men, and 50.28 ± 2.49% of these accidents caused permanent disability. The mortality rate was, on average, 10.60 ± 1.83%, 2018 being the year with the most deaths due to accidents at work. The Ecuadorian sector with the highest accident rate was the manufacturing industry with 26.15 ± 2.50%, followed by the construction industry with a rate of 17.47 ± 3.59%. The manufacturing industry had the highest rate, with a significant difference of accidents that resulted in permanent disability, with an average of 31.79 ± 2.85%, while the construction sector had the highest rate of fatal accidents, with an average of 25.82 ± 5.05%. This is the first study to report the number of qualified occupational accidents in Ecuador. With this study, a starting point is established for future analyses of the evolution of occupational accidents by type of industry in Ecuador. Future studies could determine the increase or decrease in the number of accidents, evaluate rates of permanent disability and death, and establish risk factors and preventive measures for each task or activity in all productive sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preventing accidents and work-related diseases is an important factor that must be considered in construction activities. The problem that has occurred recently is that the majority of work accidents occur due to human negligence and unsafe actions. Therefore, it is necessary to commit worker awareness in addition to safety, health, security and environmental sustainability (SHSE), where SHSE also pays attention to non worker factors or sustainability after construction to maintenance around the construction site environment. The research aims to analyze the influence of worker behavior on SHSE risk assessments in case studies on the Becakayu Section II-A toll road construction project--quantitative descriptive research method involving 90 workers as respondents. The research results show that SHSE is partially influenced significantly by the variables Employee Knowledge, Employee Attitude, and Employee Action. At the same time, Worker Knowledge, Worker Attitudes and Worker Actions simultaneously have a significant effect on SHSE in the construction of the Becakayu Toll Road section II-A. The research conclusions underline that workers with high knowledge are aware of SHSE behavior, workers' attitudes toward SHSE still require strong commitment, and workers' actions regarding SHSE need to increase awareness of using personal protective equipment to reduce the risk of occupational accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban tunnels often easily become traffic bottlenecks. Once traffic accidents occur, traffic congestion, environmental pollution, personnel and property damage and other problems restrict the sustainable development of tunnels. In order to reveal the factors affecting the incidence of tunnel traffic accidents, this paper quantitatively analyzes the influence of the single factors of tunnel geometric conditions and control measures on traffic accidents in Jiaozhou Bay underwater tunnel. The study examines the distribution patterns of tunnel traffic accidents under three dual-factor combinations: road gradient and curve radius, road gradient and slope length, and road gradient and the proportion of distance to the bottom of the slope. Based on this, a comprehensive index model is constructed using a negative binomial regression model to calculate the accident occurrence rate in Jiaozhou Bay underwater tunnel under road geometric conditions and control measures. The accident data after the second lining of Jiaozhou Bay underwater tunnel are selected as the validation object. The actual accident occurrence rate is compared with the model's calculated value to verify the feasibility of the model constructed in this study. The results indicate that high gradient, long slope length, proximity to the bottom of the slope, and straight downhill sections have a significant impact on the occurrence of traffic accidents. Lane change signs can effectively reduce the accident rate by 30–40%. The percentage errors of the left- and right-lane traffic accident prediction models are within (−30%, 30%) and (−20%, 30%), respectively, which can assist in the design and control of underwater tunnels, offering valuable guidance and contributions to the construction of safer, more efficient, and more sustainable urban transportation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main goal was to identify the variables (sociodemographic, work, psychosocial, perceived health, and personality) associated with occupational accidents suffered in the past by women in the cleaning sector. Methods: A sample of 455 women was evaluated. Results: A total of 23.5% of the workers (n = 107) had suffered an occupational accident with medical leave. In general, women who had suffered some accident in their life had a worse situation in all areas evaluated. Two subsamples of women had a greater association with accidents. Specifically, the presence of work accidents was 15.9 times higher among those who presented a worse perception of their physical effort and a greater tendency towards risky behaviours and 13.5 times higher among those who had a moderate perception of physical exertion and a disability. Conclusion: In general, the characteristics of female workers were found to be associated with different accident rates. Preventive actions should be designed individually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most famous high-rise structures in the world, the Moscow Radio Tower, was built in 1919-1922. Over more than a century of operation, corrosion damage formed in the elements, which brought the tower to an emergency state. Today the tower is located in a dense urban development, any abnormal situation with the structures poses a danger to the surrounding buildings. Due to the structural features of the structure, restoration works can be executed only when its elements are unloaded by suspending the radio tower on an additional support structure. In order to ensure safety during the works, it is necessary to guarantee the transmission of the force from the weight of the radio tower along the axis of the inclined struts. For this purpose, a special beam and its connection nodes to the columns were developed and tested. The nodes were used in the course of emergency works, which consist in providing partial support of the radio tower on a specially erected support tower, which eliminates the danger of tower collapse, but does not reduce the emergency condition of the structure. Urgent measures are required to bring the supporting structures of the tower to a serviceable technical condition.

The goal of the paper is to investigate the impact of tire tread depth on road accident risk and to develop an accident rate prediction model. The state of 4288 vehicle tires using tread depth gauge was inspected and processed statistically. The tread depth of the most worn tire from each vehicle was registered for further analy-sis. Based on the collected data, a statistical tire tread depth model for an insurance company vehicle fleet had been developed. The conformity of the gamma distribu-tion to the data was verified upon applying the Pearson compatibility criterion. The paper provides the histo-grams of the frequencies of tire tread depths and the theoretical curves of the distribution density. The prob-ability of the accident risk depending on the tire tread depth (adaptive risk index) was calculated applying the formed distributions and risk index dependence on the tire tread depth for the inspected vehicle fleet. Accord-ing to the developed prediction model, an upgrade of the regulation for the minimum allowed tire tread depth by 2 mm (up to 3.6 mm) could reduce road accident risk (caused by poor adhesion to road surface) to 19.3% for the chosen vehicle fleet. Such models are useful for road safety experts, insurance companies and accident cost evaluation specialists by predicting expenses related to insurance events.

The aim of this study is to analyze the forestry sector and the total work-related occupational accidents in Turkey in terms of incidence rate (IR), frequency rate (FR) and severity rate (SR) between 2008 and 2018 to compare those rates with some other sectors (mining, construction, metal and textile). According to the evaluation results, the IR and FR in the forestry sector are 41.1% and 40.8%, respectively, of all sector values in Turkey, while there is a negligible difference between the SR. The forestry sector, in terms of fatal occupational accidents, for both IR and FR showed a similar tendency across Turkey; non-fatal accident rates had lower values across the country. Moreover, it has been concluded that the forestry sector has generally better values than the metal, mining, and construction sectors and worse than the textile sector. In order to ensure safer performance in occupational accidents in the forestry sector, it is important to establish policies to increase awareness of occupational health and safety, since forest workers are exposed to different climate, topography, and vegetation types in terms of working conditions. In future studies, long-term evaluation of the data sets will increase the accuracy of occupational accidents evaluation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Novedades en Población is the property of Universidad de La Habana, Centro de Estudios Demograficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Road traffic safety has always been a topic of special concern for countries around the world. With changes in weather conditions and a significant increase in the number of highways and vehicles, traffic accidents occur frequently. To effectively predict traffic accidents and reduce the amount of accidents, a support vector machine based traffic accident prediction model under extreme weather conditions is proposed. Firstly, the relationship between different extreme weather conditions and road traffic events is analyzed. Then, genetic algorithms are used to optimize accident data, and support vector machines are fused for accident prediction. The results show that on the AVOID dataset, when the iteration reaches the 32nd time, the loss function value of the research method is the smallest, 10−5; the loss function of other algorithms is significantly larger. When the accuracy of the research method is 80% and 90%, the corresponding recall rates are 87.89% and 79.98%, respectively. Among the prediction errors of different algorithms, the max relative error of the research method is 1.214%, and the mini relative error is 0.0213%. Compared to other models, the overall error of the research method decreased by 2.021%. In the prediction application of non-serious accidents, the research method has the highest prediction accuracy of 94.53%. The above results indicate that the proposed accident prediction model can accurately predict different types of accidents under extreme weather conditions, providing certain technical support for the prevention and development of traffic accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper proposes a data analysis method to evaluate the impact of vehicle-technology evolution on road safety based on a recent and extensive accident dataset (1.3 million vehicles in 2017 and 1.7 million in 2018, Italy). Seventeen models of vehicles equipped with an event data recorder were selected for acquiring data, including the distances travelled by the vehicles during the year, and were aggregated by their year of initial registration and model. This unique information in conjunction with the accident datasets enabled a consistent estimation of risk exposure and accident rates for various subsets of vehicles. Thereafter, the comparative analysis of accident rates revealed an improvement in the road safety along with a significant variation between various vehicle models that approximately ranged from 5–10 accidents per million kilometres. Moreover, the accident rate reduced after the electronic stability control system was mandated for vehicles in the market, exhibiting variations in the range of 15–30% for serious accidents that were dependent on the vehicle model. Further safety improvements were identified for the latest generation of vehicles equipped with more advanced technologies such as the autonomous emergency braking that can reduce the accident rate up to 38%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim of study: The objective of this paper was to understand the differences between immigrants and Spanish workers in terms of duration of sick leave, for work accidents in Spain’s agricultural sector, to propose possible action plans and improve the sector’s future accident rates, with equal conditions for immigrants and Spanish workers. Area of study: The analysis was based in a total of 158,166 accidents in Spain from 2013 to 2018 Material and methods: The average number of working days lost per group (Spanish and immigrants) has been calculated for the different variables. For each case, a mean comparison analysis was performed using Student's t-test to independently compare nationals and immigrants for each variable. Main results: The agricultural sector produces a high level of severe accident rates compared to other sectors, as incident rates of death are 59.36% higher in agriculture compared to other sectors. It has the highest level of accidents for foreign workers, as immigrants presented 91.36% more accidents that Spaniards, even if accidents for immigrants are under reported, as regarding workdays lost due to injuries reported, these are statistically higher for Spanish workers. This meaning that this sector is more precarious, and this is worse for immigrants, therefore is a compelling matter of social justice that deserve the establishment of policies for government and companies to equate work conditions between immigrants and Spaniards. Research highlights: A comparative analysis of the severity of occupational accidents between Spanish and foreign workers in Spain’s agricultural sector.

Studies consistently show that sharp horizontal curves increase accident rate. One would therefore expect roads with many sharp curves to have a higher accident rate than roads with few sharp curves. This is not the case. The differences in road safety between roads with different profiles of horizontal road alignment are quite small. There are even studies suggesting that areas having roads with many curves have a lower number of accidents than otherwise identical areas with less curvy roads. The question arises: How can it be true both that sharp curves increase accident rate and that areas with roads with many sharp curves do not have a higher accident rate than areas with less demanding alignment? The answer is likely to be found in behavioural adaptation among drivers. The accident rates both in curves and on straight sections are strongly influenced by how drivers adapt behaviour to the number of curves per kilometre of road. This paper shows how behavioural adaptation can be quantified by means of the ‘human feedback parameter’ proposed by Evans. This parameter takes a value of -1 if drivers adapt behaviour so as to completely eliminate a risk factor. Values close to -0.7 for horizontal curves were estimated on the basis of micro-level studies. Thus behavioural adaptation reduces the increase in risk to about 30% of what it would have been without behavioural adaptation. In addition, a high frequency of curves leads to lower speed on the straight sections between curves.

Characteristics have been developed, by which the boundaries of coherence of adjacent road sections are established in accordance with requirements for the traffic safety. The coordination of adjacent sections of the road is carried out taking into account the driver's behavior program, which is presented in the work as a value of the maximum entropy of his perception field. The choice of this criterion is determined by the possibility of a comprehensive assessment of many road environment factors that influence the driver. The boundaries of coordination of the maximum entropy values of adjacent road sections with use of the accident rate are established.

Introduction. Improving road safety is a state-level task reflected in many regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, such as a federal law, federal target program, national project, etc. The systematic approach considered in the article is aimed at developing an effective approach and targeted actions in the field of ensuring road safety in road transport. The use of an integrated approach instead of disparate single actions will allow achieving the tasks set for the state to reduce the accident rate on the country’s roads.Materials and methods. Analytical methods based on analysis of links, flows, temporary analysis of events, methods of road traffic safety assessment based on detection of safety and accident factors, detection of accident concentration places, methods of probability theory and processing of research results, software-computing methods of information technologies.Results. A system of road infrastructure indicators has been developed in a complex application with the analytical methods and methods of the accident forecasting system, an information technology tool and systems – an electronic receiving organization for road safety to develop a system organization and manage the level of road safety in the road participant – vehicle – road – external environment system.Discussion and conclusions. The expediency of taking into account the mechanisms for achieving the results of the program-targeted approach and the direction of their implementation, the proven scientific results of studies of the concentration of road traffic accidents to improve the work of the state mechanism for ensuring road safety is substantiated.

The article discusses the problems associated with monitoring the observance of work and rest regimes by taxi drivers, which, together with an increase in the number of taxi services, lead to an increase in the number of road traffic accidents. The most common cause of these accidents, experts call significant excess of working time, leading to fatigue of drivers. It is quite difficult to control work and rest regimes of drivers in the current conditions. One of the effective ways to solve the problem, according to the authors, is a hardware- software complex that works on the basis of computer vision algorithms, which can identify the driver’s identity by recognizing his face, send information to supervisor and integrate into car control systems. The main goal of this article is to reduce the accident rate of taxis and car-sharing vehicles by introducing a face recognition system in them. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the use of new methods of computer vision in solving the problem of reducing the accident rate of automobile transport. The system works as follows: using a video camera while using a car, the system periodically captures and recognizes the image of the driver’s face. If the result is negative, the supervisor receives a notification of non-compliance. The article provides an overview of the functionality of the prototype of the proposed system created by the authors. The system prototype consists of five conditional modules: a face recognition module; module for storing information in a log file and application interaction with a web browser; a module for sending a signal to the serial port for interaction with the hardware (mechanical) part of the project using a programmable microcontroller; a module associated with the operation of the microcontroller and peripheral actuators; multi-platform application wrapper module. System modules are written in Python and are based on the OpenCV computer vision library. The system has the ability to send statistical information about driver identification to the network. It is also possible to interact with the hardware and mechanical components of the car, for example, with a central lock. System modules are written in Python and are based on the OpenCV computer vision library. Such a product will be in demand by companies providing taxi services, car sharing, as well as owners and users of corporate vehicle parks in various industries, for example, in the oil and gas industry.

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the high accident rate involving route vehicles and the absence of a safety indicator in determining the integral indicator of the level of quality of transport services to the population. The purpose of the article is to improve the safety of passenger transport in municipalities. Analysis of regulatory documents showed insufficient attention to safety issues at the stage of development of technological process of passenger transportation service provision. At present, there are no scientifically reasonable criteria for the selection of a route scheme in terms of the level of complexity of the route and its safety under various road traffic management schemes, the possibility of using priority in the traffic of route vehicles. According to statistics, the main cause of road traffic accidents is violation of traffic rules by bus drivers, at the same time high psycho-physiological tension of work on difficult routes together with insufficient qualification and is the main cause of errors in driving. On the basis of the analysis of the regulatory and technical documentation, it seems useful to further use the level of complexity of the route of vehicles in determining the level of quality of transport services to the population, which will be determined primarily by the level of organization and road safety. The use of this indicator will contribute not only to improving the safety of passenger transport, but also to improving road safety in general in municipalities. A method of estimating the complexity of routes has been developed, taking into account the values of private accident factors for traffic conditions in urban settlements. A study of bus route No. 40 of the city of Orenburg found that the main factors affecting the complexity of the route were maneuvering at the stop point in the ride pocket, the passage of regulated crossings and the presence of unregulated pedestrian crossings. At the same time, the high values of the difficulty indicator of these situations are related not only to their significant number on the route, but also to the high accident rate on these sections. The introduction of the proposed methodology will allow to predeterminate the design of the future street-road network and establish a list of priority measures to reduce the complexity of existing routes of urban passenger transport.

The present paper focuses on the connection between aggressive behavior and unstable mental states in car drivers. The hypothesis was that aggressive behavior of drivers is caused by an unstable mental state. The experiment featured 27 car drivers involved in road traffic accidents and 33 drivers without an accident history over the past two years. Their age was 18–57 years, driving experience – 2–38 years, average annual mileage – 20,000–50,000 kilometers. The following blank and instrumental methods were used as diagnostic tools: Hand-test, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Dula Dangerous Driving Index, Driving Anger Expression Inventory, and a hardware-software complex for testing drivers UPDK-MK Avtomobilny-M. According to the results, the drivers with a bad driving history demonstrated serious unstable mental states, as well as statistically significant connection between aggressive behavior and negative unstable mental states.

Study Objectives: The effectiveness of advanced emergency braking systems (AEBS) in preventing drowsy driving-related truck collisions remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the damage-mitigation effect of AEBS on drowsy driving-related collisions involving large trucks using collision rate and damage amount., Methods: Data collected by a Japanese transportation company from 1,699 collisions involving 31,107 large trucks over 7 years were analyzed post-hoc. The collision rate (number of trucks with collisions/total number of trucks) and damage amount (total amount of property damage and personal injury) were compared based on whether the collisions were caused by drowsy or non-drowsy driving and whether the trucks were equipped with AEBS or not., Results: For all and non-drowsy driving-related collisions, the collision rate for the 12,887 trucks with AEBS (1.62 and 1.20 collisions/truck/7 years, respectively) was significantly lower than that for the 18,220 trucks without AEBS (1.94 and 1.56 collisions/truck/7 years, respectively) (p=0.04 and p=0.008, respectively). However, for drowsy driving-related collisions, the collision rate did not significantly differ between trucks with and without AEBS. The damage amount in neither type of collision (drowsy vs. non-drowsy) significantly differed between trucks with and without AEBS., Conclusions: Regarding the collision rate of large trucks, AEBS was effective in non-drowsy driving-related collisions, but not in collisions involving drowsy driving. The damage amount was not mitigated for trucks with and without AEBS regardless of the collision type. The limited effect of AEBS for damage-mitigation suggests the need for combined use with other safety-support systems that intervene in driving operations., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society.)

Introduction. The actual problem in Russia is the accident rate at pedestrian crossings. The authors conduct the research about the lighting conditions on unregulated pedestrian crossings to improve safety and to identify compliance with current regulations. Moreover, International and Russian researchers point out a large role in ensuring visibility of pedestrians. Increasing of the roadway lightness improves the visibility of pedestrians at night, especially at pedestrian crossings. In addition, world practice shows that after improving the road lighting the number of accidents with pedestrians decreases.Materials and methods. The authors selected unregulated pedestrian crossings, which were the sources of accidents in dark period. The light level was measured using a Victor 1010A light meter. The authors carried out the dimensions at night in clear weather without precipitation, when artificial lighting was turned on.Results. The research revealed that the lighting at pedestrian crossings and especially at the crossings’ approaches did not correspond to standard values even with the artificial lighting. Therefore, the lighting on approaches was important for early pedestrians’ detection by drivers.Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the authors present the recommendations for the insufficient visibility’s elimination at the pedestrian crossings. The authors also justify the need to control the lighting level at all unregulated pedestrian crossings and approaches to them.

This paper proposes a method to improve the performance of a ship's power plant by reducing accidents within it under transitional operating modes. The method is based on decreasing the number of service personnel errors by using a model-oriented decision support system. In order to implement the proposed method, the structure of the system of automatic control of the ship's power plant has been improved. Such an improvement of the control system implied the integration of a modeling unit and a decision support unit into its structure. The modeling unit makes it possible to predict values of the controlled parameters under a transition mode of operation before they actually appear in the system as a result of the operator's actions. A mathematical model of the automatic control system under transitional operating modes has been built for this unit. In order to implement the decision support unit, a method has been devised to formalize the task of managing the power plant under transitional operating modes. The method essentially involves modeling a transitional operating regime, followed by an evaluation of the results based on regulatory requirements and an empirical criterion for assessing the quality of enabling the diesel generators to work in parallel. In addition, a method has been developed for the decision support unit to reduce the accident rate and improve performance with the help of a mathematical apparatus of fuzzy inference, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy sets. Transitional operating regimes resulting from actual erroneous operator actions during ship flights were investigated. As a result of using the proposed system, the power plant performance increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the wind regime over the territory of Russia are considered, and the impact of these changes on the accident rate of overhead power lines (OPLs) is analyzed. Based on the current data of meteorological observations of Roshydromet of Russia and the statistics of PAO Rosseti, the authors calculated the observed changes in extreme wind speeds over the past forty years and estimated their relationship with the number of overhead line accidents for Kuban, Bashkiria, and Transbaikalia. It was found that climatic changes over the territory of Russia in recent decades have led to a reduction in the maximum wind speeds in these regions, which favored a reduction in the accident rate of overhead power lines due to wind impact. However, an analysis of the dynamics of these changes using the data of the CMIP5 climate models indicates a recent change in this trend in a number of regions, which may lead to an increase in the number of overhead line accidents. To ensure the reliable operation of the power systems of Russia under conditions of climatic changes, further studies of changes in the wind regime over its territory are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. There is a close relationship between safety culture and safety climate and safety performance. However, the details of this relationship are somewhat unclear, due to different attitudes toward safety culture and safety climate, and the use of various tools for their evaluation, and various measures of safety performance. Methods. In this study, articles published in English from 2005 to 2017 were selected from various databases. Then, certain journals in the field of safety were specifically searched using the keywords 'safety and safety performance', 'safety climate and safety performance', 'safety culture and safety performance', 'safety climate and safety outcome', 'safety culture and safety outcome', 'safety culture and injury and fatalities' and 'safety climate and injuries and fatalities'. Results. In the current article, the role of safety culture and safety climate in improving safety performance was evaluated in 31 selected studies. It seems that reactive criteria and safety compliance is more consistent with safety climate and safety culture. Conclusions. The findings emphasized that increasing the level of safety climate and safety culture could be effective in reducing incidents and improving safety performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Many Korean enterprises have been operating an occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) based on Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) 18001 certification standards, which were developed in South Korea. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed health and safety performance among enterprises operating KOSHA 18001. METHODS: Accident rates from 2010 to 2017 of 1,541 enterprises that implemented KOSHA 18001 and those that did not (N = 2,507,363) were analyzed by industry and size. The differences in the accident reduction rate before and after KOSHA 18001 implementation were analyzed in enterprises that implemented the system. RESULTS: Compared to before implementation, the accident reduction rate was greater after KOSHA 18001 was implemented. The year that an enterprise began operating KOSHA 18001 was defined as T. For industry-specific analysis, the accident reduction rate between T and T + 1 was greater than that between T-2 and T-1 increased among both manufacturing (p = 0.020) and other enterprises (p = 0.011). For size-specific analyses, the accident reduction rate between T and T + 1was greater than that between T-2 and T-1 among enterprises with 299 or fewer workers (p = 0.008) and enterprises with 300 or more workers (p = 0.043). However, the accident rates of enterprises that implemented KOSHA 18001 and those that did not varied by industry and size. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that enterprises that do not utilize an OHSMS should consider doing so to prevent and reduce industrial accidents, and industry- and size-specific features should be considered to boost safety performance through the implementation of OHSMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: In spite of industrial safety’s developments in Iran, construction safety is not in desirable level and needs to be evaluated from different aspects. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety climate structure in construction projects and its effect on safety performance and accidents frequency rate. Methods: This study was conducted at 4 construction projects. Safety climate measured using a validated safety climate questionnaire between 226 workers of these projects. Safety and health performance evaluated using the method of south pars Gas Company’s tool that consists of several safety and health items that are important in construction. Safety climate structure was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. The relation between safety climate factors, safety performance dimensions and accidents frequency rate evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: 31 variables of the main questionnaire formed 8. Total safety climate score, had positive significant correlation with Dimention2 (Section one of safety level assessment). Other correlations between safety climate factors and safety performance dimensions in spite of being high were not significant. There was s negative significant correlation between total safety climate score, safety rules awareness factor, rules and regulations factor and Accidents frequency rate. Conclusion: According the results of this research, safety climate and safety performance was related in construction projects. Factors 1 (Safety rules and regulations knowledge) and factor 7 (Safety rules and regulations) had more importance in work place’s safety and improved performance in this factors was associated with reduction in accidents. This study showed that 6 dimensions of Gas Company’s tool for safety performance assessment can be used in construction projects.

Rest areas are a countermeasure for fatigue; what role do they play in fatigue-related freeway collisions? The present study spatially evaluates fatigue collisions. In California, of 2,203,789 highway collisions recorded between 1995 and 2005, fatigue collisions accounted for 1.3% (‘strict’ definition of fatigue) and 9.7% (‘expanded’ definition). Collisions in the vicinity of rest areas were investigated using two different approaches: 1. 10-miles up/downstream of rest areas 2. Distance traveled from rest areasSample t-tests indicated that both fatigue and non-fatigue collisions decreased statistically significantly downstream of rest areas. Collisions due to fatigue tended to decrease immediately downstream of rest areas, then climbed after about 30 miles from rest areas, while non-fatigue collisions remained the same. Binomial tests confirmed that the percentage of fatigue collisions further than 30 miles from rest areas was significantly higher.The study also compared ramps at rest areas to other ramps and found that trucks were the primary vehicle type involved in rest area ramp collisions. ‘Parked, parking’ movements caused the highest number of collisions on ramps at rest areas, compared with ‘proceeding straight’ movements for other ramps. The comparison revealed that some rest areas had too few parking spots. Finally, the study explored the growth of informal rest areas: shoulders frequented by truck drivers when other safe stopping opportunities do not exist. The study analyzed collision rates at informal rest area ramps and determined that the rates were higher, on average, than at other ramps. Analysis of fatigue-related collisions adjacent to informal rest areas provided mixed results regarding the efficacy of informal rest areas in reducing highway collisions. However, higher incidence of fatigue-related collisions at these locations supports the need for additional rest areas.

Characteristics have been developed, by which the boundaries of coherence of adjacent road sections are established in accordance with requirements for the traffic safety. The coordination of adjacent sections of the road is carried out taking into account the driver's behavior program, which is presented in the work as a value of the maximum entropy of his perception field. The choice of this criterion is determined by the possibility of a comprehensive assessment of many road environment factors that influence the driver. The boundaries of coordination of the maximum entropy values of adjacent road sections with use of the accident rate are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most serious problems of modern navigation is the accident rate that occurs due to inept or belated maneuvering of ships. As a result of accidents in the world, more than 200 ships sink every year and every fourth receives significant damage. Full-scale tests show that the stopping distance of large-tonnage ships turn out to be much less permissible, and shipbuilders are able to significantly reduce the astern power of such ships, making them cheaper at the expense of safety. The low accuracy of inertial-braking characteristics is mainly due to unqualified field tests. Analysis of graphs and tables based on the results of such tests show that the spread in the values of inertial-braking characteristics for ships of the same type reaches 30%, and in some cases even more. In many tables and graphs, inertial-braking characteristics are expressed in relative values and are not suitable for direct use when maneuvering a ship. Finally, even when graphical and/or tabular maneuvering information is available on the navigating bridge, it is difficult to use it when maneuvering a ship at night. The research carried out by the author results in: - creation of an alternative computational method for determining the inertial-braking characteristics of the ship, suitable for use on any on-board computer; - development of an improved methodology for calculating the path and time of acceleration and braking of the ship in various ahead motion modes; - development of a methodology for taking into account the influence of a passing and opponent current on the length of the stopping distance of the ship; - development of methods for solving applied problems, ensuring a decrease in the accident rate of ships during maneuvering. The obtained methods include the development of theoretical foundations, mathematical models and comparison of the calculated inertial-braking characteristics of ships with the data of a full-scale experiment. For the first time, to derive the calculated formulas for the time and stopping distance, theorems are used on the change in the momentum and kinetic energy during accelerated and decelerated motion of the ship. In the course of the study, the problems of calculating and formalizing the inertial-braking characteristics of the ship are being comprehensively solved. For the first time, the hypothesis that the nature of the change in the thrust force of the propeller during reverse can be approximated by linear equations has been substantiated and confirmed. The general results are used to calculate the inertial-braking characteristics of specific ships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article contains the research data of pathopsychological predictors of contraindications to driving for persons with mental disorders. The data of 60 outpatient charts of patients-drivers and driver candidates who underwent a psychiatric examination in order to reveal the presence or absence of contraindications to driving was analyzed and resulted in a psychiatric diagnosis setting for the first time. The analysis was conducted with considering the following parameters: the commission decision on the presence or absence of contraindications to driving; age; mental illness diagnosis; results of pathopsychological research and data on driving experience. It was revealed that the 'criticality violation' parameter was the universal pathopsychological predictor of contraindications amongst the drivers and driver candidates surveyed. At the same time, nosospecific abnormalities of mental processes have been identified that in overall affect on the making of a medical decision on the presence of contraindications to driving. Attention disorders (its instability) were significantly more frequent, whilst the patients with organic mental disorder also had criticality violations, and the patients with personality disorder were characterized by instability of emotional reactions. Additional record of pathopsychological features can significantly improve the accuracy of the ability to safe driving assessment for drivers and driver candidates, and more effectively predict the risk of an accident.