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Background: Chronic pain is a burdensome symptom. Different psychological models have been proposed to explain the role of psychological and social factors in developing and maintaining chronic pain. Attachment is a psychological construct of possible relevance in chronic pain. Aims: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of predicting attachment styles on pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain. Methods: In a descriptive-correlational study, convenience sampling was used to select 120 chronic pain patients from pain clinic of akhtar hospital in Tehran, Iran during three months. The participants completed a demographic questionnaire, Adult Attachment Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation and step by step regression models. Results: The correlations between attachment styles & depending variables in this study were significantly (P

Relationship of Social and Family Support with Acceptance of Pain in Patients with Fibromialgia. Acceptance of chronic pain and relational context have been shown to be important in patients with fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to know if social and family support are related to the acceptance of pain in these patients. The study involved 55 people with fibromyalgia. To collect the data, a sociodemographic questionnaire was used and the impact of fibromyalgia, pain acceptance, family satisfaction, family cohesion and social support were evaluated. Regression analysis shows how involvement in activities is predicted by family satisfaction and the year of diagnosis. Family cohesion predicts openness to pain, and full acceptance is predicted by family satisfaction, social support and the year of diagnosis. It is concluded that family satisfaction and social support predict the acceptance of chronic pain, regardless of the physical impact of the disease. The need for a family intervention with patients with fibromyalgia in order to enhance their process of acceptance of pain is pointed out. In addition, it is considered necessary to stop the delay in the diagnosis for a better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) measure has frequently been used as an indicator of meaningful change in treatments for chronic pain. However, limited research has examined the validity of PGIC items despite their wide adoption in clinical trials for pain. Additionally, research has not yet examined predictors of PGIC ratings following psychologically based treatment for pain. The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity, factor structure, and predictors of PGIC ratings following an interdisciplinary psychologically based treatment for chronic pain. Patients with chronic pain (N = 476) completed standard assessments of pain, daily functioning, and depression before and after a 4-week treatment program based on the principles of acceptance and commitment therapy. Following the program, patients rated 1 item assessing their impression of change overall and several items assessing their impression of more specific changes: physical and social functioning, work-related activities, mood, and pain. Results indicated that the global and specific impression of change items represent a single component. In the context of the acceptance and commitment therapy–based treatment studied here, overall PGIC ratings appeared to be influenced to a greater degree by patients' experienced improvements in physical activities and mood than by improvements in pain. The findings suggest that in addition to a single overall PGIC rating, domain-specific items may be relevant for some treatment trials. Perspective This article reports on the validity and predictors of patients' impression of change ratings following interdisciplinary psychologically based treatment for pain. In addition to a single overall PGIC rating, domain-specific items may be important for clinicians and researchers to consider depending on the focus of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present study explores whether specific subgroups of patients could be identified based on Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire scores. A battery of self-report questionnaire was used to assess acceptance of pain, self-compassion and psychopathology in 103 participants with chronic pain, from Portuguese health care units. K-Means cluster were performed and the results supported three subgroups of patients (low acceptance subgroup; high acceptance subgroup; intermediate subgroup with activity engagement near to the mean and low willingness to pain). One-way ANOVA's showed that the three subgroups identified differed significantly from each other on psychopathology and self-compassion. Results indicated that the intermediate subgroup presented less depression and stress, compared with the low acceptance subgroup. In what concerns self-compassion, the low acceptance subgroup reported higher self-judgment, isolation and over identification, compared with the intermediate subgroup. These subgroups also differed from each other in common humanity and mindfulness. Implications and clinical utility of the results were discussed, suggesting the increase of willingness to pain as an important key in chronic pain interventions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: • Findings suggest the buffer effect of activity engagement in chronic pain on psychopathology; • The expressive relation between activity engagement and self-compassion in chronic pain; • The presence of an intermediate subgroup of patients suggests that the increase of willingness to pain may add unique benefits in the treatment of chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]