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Julio Martínez Santa-Olalla (1905-1972), the Spanish Commissioner General of Archaeological Excavations (1939-1956) and acting Full Professor of Primitive History of Man at the University of Madrid (1939-1954), was an amateur archaeologist since he was very young. After studying at the universities of Madrid, Barcelona and Valladolid (1923-26), Santa-Olalla obtained a position as a lecturer at the University of Bonn (Germany) between 1927 and 1931. He defended his doctoral thesis in Spain (1932) and became Hugo Obermaier’s assistant (1931-32), Assistant Professor (1932-36), secretary of the Spanish Society of Anthropology, Ethnography and Prehistory (1935) and Full Professor of Archaeology at the University of Santiago de Compostela (1936). This enabled him to join the Association of Portuguese Archaeologists in 1934 and the Portuguese Society of Anthropology and Ethnology in 1938. In 1944, 1945 and 1947 he visited Portugal, lecturing in Lisbon, Coimbra and Oporto, but was unable to undertake other trips planned for 1945 and 1948. His correspondence shows that he maintained relations with the leading Portuguese archaeologists of the time, although he kept a more distant relationship with Veiga Ferreira. He had a special interest in the Chalcolithic and Late Bronze Age phases of Portuguese archaeology. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

No presente trabalho pretende-se apresentar uma visão genérica da importância das pesquisas arqueológicas levadas a cabo por um conjunto de funcionários da antiga Colónia Correccional de Vila Fernando (Elvas, Portugal) e o arqueólogo Abel Viana (1896-1964) para o conhecimento da realidade arqueológica funerária de época romana no actual território alto alentejano. Entre meados das décadas de 30 e 50 do século XX, procedeu-se à identificação e exploração de mais de uma centena de arqueossítios, entre os quais se contabilizam, em função dos dados conhecidos, 22 espaços funerários de cronologia romana e/ou tardo-romana, correspondentes a um total de mais de 500 enterramentos. Apresenta-se o arqueossítio da Chaminé (Vila Fernando, Elvas) como exemplo paradigmático do conjunto de necrópoles exploradas, quer pelos diferentes momentos de utilização do espaço funerário, quer pela provável relação com a villa do Carrão (Vila Fernando, Elvas, Portugal)., The present work intends to illustrate the importance of the archaeological works carried out by employees of the Penal Colony of Vila Fernando (Elvas) and the portuguese archaeologist Abel Viana (1896-1964) for the knowldege of roman funerary reality in Alto Alentejo (Portugal). Between the 1930s and 1950s were identified/ explored more than one hundred sites, incluin-ding 23 necropolis dated from roman period and/or Late Antiquity. The necropolis of Chaminé (Vila Fernando, Elvas) is presented as an example of the roman fune-rary reality documented in that geographic área.

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In this article we present a synthesis of the work of Abel Viana (1896-1964) in the Archaeology. We stress the existence of three phases in his career, corresponding to an increase and diversity of his scientific production: the initial phase, developed in his native region (Minho, Northern Portugal); the second phase, corresponding to the period he stayed in Faro, Algarve; and the last phase, when he lived in Beja (Baixo Alentejo), where he wrote his most important works.