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Synovial Sarcoma (SS) is an uncommon soft-tissue malignancy that primarily occurs near tendon sheaths and bone joints. Its primary intra-abdominal location is infrequent and characterised by non specific clinical signs. The mainstay of treatment remains wide local excision with negative margins. Hereby the authors report a rare case of monophasic omental SS in a 30-year-old nulliparous female who presented with chief complaints of an enlarging lump in the right abdominopelvic region over the past year and constipation for three months. The mass was non mobile and non tender. The rest of the physical and laboratory examinations were normal. She has a history of diagnostic laparoscopic excision (for the same complaint) of bilateral adnexal masses with right salpingectomy done three months ago in an outside set-up where histopathology diagnosed the mass as a low-grade fibromyxoid tumour. Presently, Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CEMRI) revealed a large lobulated heterogeneous mass of 19.5×15.4×20 cm extending into mesorectal fat and encasing the sigmoid colon, rectosigmoid junction, uterus, and bilateral ovaries. The patient was taken for emergency surgery as she started displaying symptoms of acute obstruction. Debulking surgery (R2 resection) with ileostomy was performed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of monophasic SS. The patient was started on doxorubicin and has completed three cycles of chemotherapy. SS is an infrequent entity with high mortality rates. The main course of treatment is surgery with healthy resection margins. Long-term follow-up is required due to the high recurrence rate.

Polyhydramnios represents a complication found in 0.2–2% of pregnancies, and it is usually diagnosed between 31 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Although most cases of polyhydramnios are idiopathic, maternal diabetes or foetal malformations constitute frequent causes of the excessive accumulation of the amniotic fluid. Considering the latter, polyhydramnios may rarely be caused by foetal abdominal tumours, with the incidence rate of 2–14 cases per 100,000 live births. Congenital neonatal leukaemia (CNL) is a rare disease with a reported incidence rate of 5–8.6 cases per million live births. In the prenatal period, the ultrasound abnormalities associated with CNL include hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. In this paper, we presented a case of polyhydramnios caused by mechanical pressure on the foetal gastrointestinal tract by an enlarged lymph node in the course of CNL, as well as reviewing the available literature on foetal abdominal tumours with concurrent polyhydramnios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a case report of a female with transitory erythema who was found with thrombocytosis caused by a pheocromocytoma. The skin changes were not accompanied by typical manifestations of an adrenergic crisis although she had high blood pressure episodes without skin colour changes. Both the erythema and the arterial hypertension controlled after the adrenal tumour was removed. Pheocromocytoma associates not only the excessive production of metanephrines and normetanephrines but also other factors like interleukins (for instance, IL-6, causing a general inflammatory syndrome including reactive thrombocytosis) eritropoietin or parathormone related peptide. Thrombocytosis is extremely rare associated with cathecolamines producing tumour and it may become a supplementary contributor to cardiovascular risk.

Adrenal carcinoma is a complex orphan disease with a very poor prognosis. The evolution is rapid and in cases with suggestive symptoms the diagnosis may be established earlier in order to improve the outcome. One third of the patients are negative for a clear hormonal expression or they have an atypical presentation. We introduce an adult patient diagnosed with adrenal carcinoma and a rapid lethal outcome who initially presented with pale skin and non-specific abdominal pain. A multidisciplinary team is essential for adequate diagnosis and prompt intervention. Severe bleeding at the level of the adrenal carcinoma causing symptomatic anaemia is a rare event. The prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma is severe and the presence of humoral hypercalcemia represents a sign of short survival time.

Adrenal carcinoma is a complex orphan disease with a very poor prognosis. The evolution is rapid and in cases with suggestive symptoms the diagnosis may be established earlier in order to improve the outcome. One third of the patients are negative for a clear hormonal expression or they have an atypical presentation. We introduce an adult patient diagnosed with adrenal carcinoma and a rapid lethal outcome who initially presented with pale skin and non-specific abdominal pain. A multidisciplinary team is essential for adequate diagnosis and prompt intervention. Severe bleeding at the level of the adrenal carcinoma causing symptomatic anaemia is a rare event. The prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma is severe and the presence of humoral hypercalcemia represents a sign of short survival time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a case report of a female with transitory erythema who was found with thrombocytosis caused by a pheocromocytoma. The skin changes were not accompanied by typical manifestations of an adrenergic crisis although she had high blood pressure episodes without skin colour changes. Both the erythema and the arterial hypertension controlled after the adrenal tumour was removed. Pheocromocytoma associates not only the excessive production of metanephrines and normetanephrines but also other factors like interleukins (for instance, IL-6, causing a general inflammatory syndrome including reactive thrombocytosis) eritropoietin or parathormone related peptide. Thrombocytosis is extremely rare associated with cathecolamines producing tumour and it may become a supplementary contributor to cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour is a rare solid tumour mimicking malignancy with locally aggressive growth and recurrence even after complete resection. We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with an intra- abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour. This clinical and pathological entity should be differentiated from other malignant sarcomatous lesions when encountered intraoperatively. It is almost impossible to differentiate inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour from other malignancies preoperatively; the diagnosis is often confirmed by careful microscopic examination or immunohistochemical markers after surgical resection. Total excision of the tumour with life-time follow-up is needed because of the risk of recurrence.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is an uncommon benign neoplasm and its presentation in small bowel is rare. Due to clinical manifestation, laboratory data and radiologic results, there is an increased risk of over diagnosis as malignant tumors particularly malignant lymphoma in childhood therefore may be resulting in wrong therapeutic approach. However pathologic findings could be demonstrated definite diagnosis based on markedly proliferation of bland looking spindle cells which their presence can be confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining to show myofibroblastic differentiation. We describe here an unusual presentation of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the terminal ileum in a 19-month-old girl who presented with anemia, eosinophilia, intestinal obstruction, focal ossification and dystrophic calcification within the tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative, granulomatous disease, which is characterized clinically by extensive necrosis and abscess formation, and histologically by the presence of the so-called "sulphur granules". Hepatic actinomycotic abscesses are rare and secondary to other intra-abdominal infections. Patients with hepatic Actinomyces abscess may suffer from non-specific symptoms. A 53-year-old man is reported with a six months history of right upper quadrant pain and weight loss (25 kilogrames). Abdominal computed tomography showed a multiloculated occupying lesion, mimicking liver tumour. Diagnosis confirmation was made by tomographic-guided biopsy based on typical histologic feature of "sulfur granules" with inflammatory process. This case resolved completely within a six months course of oral ampicillin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cases of midgut malrotation are presented. Each had a clinical picture suggesting a possible intussusception. The radiographs also demonstrated findings suggestive of intussusception though these were subtle findings which could have suggested the correct diagnosis of malrotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of lactobezoar is described in an eleven weeks old infant with a history of prolonged vomiting and constipation. The feeding history revealed no abnormalities, but unusually high environmental temperatures plus increased sweating may have been responsible for the formation of the gastric milk coagulum which presented as a firm epigastric tumour persisting for several weeks. An abdominal neuroblastoma was suspected but the correct diagnosis was established by a barium meal. Conservative therapy with parenteral fluids and gentle gastric lavage resulted in prompt disintegration of the lactobezoar. The 9 previously reported cases in the literature are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]