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Mulugeta Taeme Gebretsion,1 Tilahun Sisay Alemu,2 Yimam Ali Mergiyaw1 1Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Surgery Department, Kemisse General Hospital, Kemisse, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Mulugeta Taeme Gebretsion, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, Tel +251904690867, Email mullerab1988@gmail.comIntroduction: Gossypiboma is the accidental retention of surgical gauze with inflammatory reaction in the body cavity after surgical procedures. It is an uncommon but preventable surgical mistake. This serious medical condition could have a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality as well as medico-legal issues.Case Report: We present here a case of a 30-year-old female referred to our surgical outpatient department with progressive lower abdominal swelling, pain, and low-grade fever of 4 months’ duration after she had undergone cesarean section 6 months back at the primary hospital. On physical examination, she was tachycardic and had a 15× 15 cm firm, mobile, non-tender, infra-umbilical abdominal mass. Abdominal ultrasound suggested possible gossypiboma, which was confirmed after exploratory laparotomy.Discussion: Any type of surgery can be a reason for retained surgical gauze, but its incidence can be significantly reduced if surgical checklists are used seriously and routinely in every patient. A strong index of suspicion continues to be crucial in the diagnosis of surgical gauze retention, particularly when a patient has experienced an unexplained bad course following surgery.Conclusion: : In patients who present with palpable abdominal mass and a history of previous abdominal surgical operations, the diagnosis of gossypiboma should be included in the differential diagnosis. Prevention of retained surgical items is the collective responsibility of the surgical team, the nursing team, and operation theatre technicians. Furthermore, strict measures should be implemented to avoid it.Keywords: case report, gossypiboma, retained foreign body, abdominal sponge, abdominal mass

Introduction: Gossypiboma is the accidental retention of surgical gauze with inflammatory reaction in the body cavity after surgical procedures. It is an uncommon but preventable surgical mistake. This serious medical condition could have a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality as well as medico-legal issues. Case Report: We present here a case of a 30-year-old female referred to our surgical outpatient department with progressive lower abdominal swelling, pain, and low-grade fever of 4 months' duration after she had undergone cesarean section 6 months back at the primary hospital. On physical examination, she was tachycardic and had a 15× 15 cm firm, mobile, non-tender, infra-umbilical abdominal mass. Abdominal ultrasound suggested possible gossypiboma, which was confirmed after exploratory laparotomy. Discussion: Any type of surgery can be a reason for retained surgical gauze, but its incidence can be significantly reduced if surgical checklists are used seriously and routinely in every patient. A strong index of suspicion continues to be crucial in the diagnosis of surgical gauze retention, particularly when a patient has experienced an unexplained bad course following surgery. Conclusion: : In patients who present with palpable abdominal mass and a history of previous abdominal surgical operations, the diagnosis of gossypiboma should be included in the differential diagnosis. Prevention of retained surgical items is the collective responsibility of the surgical team, the nursing team, and operation theatre technicians. Furthermore, strict measures should be implemented to avoid it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadvertent retention of a foreign body in the abdomen often require another surgery to recover the material. This increases morbidity and mortality. Risk factor that could predispose to a gossypiboma occurring have been reported. A 44-year old female in whom an abdominal sponge was left in the pelvis after a total abdominal hysterectomy is reported. Surgeons must be aware of the risk factors that lead to a gossypiboma and take measures to prevent it.