Search

Soil microbiome plays a significant role in the development of the soil profile and the implementation of key soil biochemical processes. Observed Arctic warming creates significant environmental risks, since permafrost soils contain a huge amount of organic matter, which is in potential risk to be released in the form of greenhouse gases. This work is aimed to investigate the microbiomes in soils of mature tundra and anthropogenically affected areas of the Yamal region using a high-throughput sequencing approach. The taxonomic analysis of the soil microbiomes revealed 33 bacterial and archaeal phyla, among which the dominant were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Gematimonadetes, Patescibacteria, Plantomycetes, Thaumarchaeota, Verrucomicrobia, and WPS-2. The analysis of alpha and beta diversities revealed that undisturbed soil is completely different from anthropogenically affected ones in terms of microorganism biodiversity. Soils of the urban zone of Salekhard were found to be different with regard to the number of operational taxonomic units and beta diversity. Herein the microbiome in the upper and lower layers of soil developed under strong technogenic influence (M19) was unequal both in quality and in quantity. At the same time, soils developed in the recreational zone of Salekhard showed less differentiation profile of microbiome (former crop field and former vegetable garden soils). Microbial communities in the mature tundra soil showed less differentiated microbiome composition.

Russian President Boris Yeltsin has refrained from removing First Deputy Prime Minister Anatoly Chubais from office despite an alleged publishing scandal, as he is keen to complete the existing economic and political cycles. The Russian market has been affected by the crisis in global financial markets, the budget is unconfirmed and new tax laws are still to be adopted, while Yeltsin is keen to retain some level of stability within the government. Other government officials have been dismissed over the publishing scandal.

Soil microbiome play very important role in development of soil profile and implementation of soilbiochemical processes, especially for initial stages of soil regeneration after strong antropogenic impact. The developing soils of postmining landscape of Central Yamal (Russia, Yamal demi-island) and soil microbiome composition was investigated for the first time by use metagenomic approaches.The study includes sampling from heaps of abandoned mines of chromatic ore and sand quarries, reclaimed sand heap and mature larch forest as a reference. We analyzed several agrochemical parameters (pH, C- and N-content, basal respiration and other) and microbial community structure, measured quantitatively by RT-PCR and qualitatively by use high-throughput sequencing of 16s rRNA gene sequence libraries.Investigated soils showed low content of organic carbon and total nitrogen. Soil regeneration and soil basal respiration rate were considered as slow for tundra and forest tundra zones, which indicates the low level of soil microbiological activity. The highest total content of bacteria, acrchaea and fungi was revealed for soils of sandy and clay texture heaps and reclaimed soils. Reclamation practice result in sharp increasing of bacteria, archaea and fungi counts. At the same time, reclaimed soils showed the lower values diversity indexes in comparison with soils of abandoned mines.In taxonomic analysis composition of microbiomes that were revealed, many taxa was described previously as dominant groups in different cold environments, including alpine soils. Among them are Chthoniobacteraceae, bacteria from order Ellin 6513, Koribacteriaceae, Gaiellaceae and other.This work was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation projects 17-16-01030, 'Soil biota dynamics in chronoseries of post-technogenic landscapes: analyses of soil ecological effectiveness of ecosystems restoration'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]