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In an increasingly saturated information and infoxicated world, Media Literacy emerges as a necessity for effective filtering of the vast amount of information we consume. The present research aims to quantitatively analyze the level of media competencies of Colombian (Medellin) and Ecuadorian (Loja and Zamora) teachers by means of the application of an adaptation of the taxonomy from the media competencies model, which consists of 6 dimensions and a total of 12 indicators. The total analyzed sample was comprised of 654 teachers from 81 public and private institutions. A data-gathering instrument was used with the aim of determining their level of media competencies from each of the dimensions. The results showed a low to medium level of media competency knowledge, which illustrated the need for priority interventions based on local, regional and international works, namely those that mobilize scientific, academic and political collaboration to improve the performance of a population that should lead the general training of citizens in media competencies.

Introducción: En el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19 la OMS publicó consideraciones relativas a las personas con discapacidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer si estas consideraciones pueden cumplirse y si existen diferencias en su cumplimiento entre grupos etarios. Método: Estudio descriptivo dirigido a personas con discapacidad de Argentina. Se realizó una encuesta sobre las cuatro recomendaciones de la OMS para esta población en modalidad online, entre los días 28° y 39° del aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio. El análisis estadístico fue según naturaleza de las variables, para determinar las diferencias entre grupos se usó X2 con corrección de Fisher. Resultados: Se recolectaron 309 encuestas de 18 provincias de Argentina. 230(74,4% [69,1-79,1]) fueron respondidas por cuidadores y 79(25,5% [20,7-30,7]) por personas con discapacidad. Las personas con discapacidad fueron 138(44,7%[39,0-50,4]) niños, niñas y adolescentes y 171(55,3%[49,5-60,9]) adultos y adultos mayores. Las personas con discapacidad pudieron cumplir con las recomendaciones de la OMS en cuanto a disminuir la exposición a COVID-19 y estar preparados en caso de contraerlo. Hubo dificultades en la cantidad de cuidadores necesarios, ya que 266(66,6% [61,0-71,8]) tiene esta posibilidad, y en que 55(32,1% [25,1-39,6]) adultos y adultos mayores no realizan actividades educativas-terapéuticas. Existen sentimientos de ansiedad, angustia o depresión en personas con discapacidad y sus cuidadores. Conclusión: En Argentina se está pudiendo cumplir con las recomendaciones de la OMS para evitar la exposición al virus y estar preparados en caso de contagio. Quedan desafíos por resolver en cuanto al acompañamiento de las personas con discapacidad en su salud física y mental. publishedVersion Fil: Ruiz Brunner, María de las Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Nutrición. Córdoba; Argentina. Fil: Escobar Zuluaga, L. Johana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas; Argentina. Fil: Cieri; María Elisabeth. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas; Argentina. Fil: Condinanzi, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas; Argentina. Fil: Cuestas, Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica. Hospital Misericordia; Argentina.

100p. Yo como diferente es un libro de actividades para niños/as y adolescentes con discapacidad que aborda la alimentación. Se pensó como un material didáctico para el abordaje del vínculo niño/a-alimentación desde un enfoque integral y a partir de las diversidades de los niños/as y adolescentes. El abordaje integral de la alimentación se planteó desde el marco de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF). Para esto se trabajaron con las "palabras con F" propuestas por Rosenbaum y Gorter que se irán trabajando a lo largo de todo el material. De esta forma los distintos capítulos se organizan en: función, familia, forma física, felicidad, fraternidad y futuro. Fil: Ruiz Brunner, María de las Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretarías de Graduados en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Fil: Ruiz Brunner, María de las Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Fil: Escobar Zuluaga, Johana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Fil: Escobar Zuluaga, johana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Fil: Cuestas, Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Fil: Cieri, María Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Fil: Murray, María Agustina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentina. Fil: Paván, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.

The quality of education today is linked with the right education teachers provide in schools, so this should be taken into account strategies for playing a positive teaching / learning, this quasi-experimental research was based on applying techniques Learning Cooperative for thematic unit Playing in Living Things Grade 8 in the Educational Institution Laura Vicuña, in the city of Armenia. In the method an initial test using two grades 8 to know that they had prior knowledge students and thus the degree where a series of cooperative learning techniques were employed was chosen diagnosis which provided the opportunity to work was made team, promote and improve the students' knowledge about the reproduction of living beings ultimately very encouraging results in the use of the techniques as evidenced in the results of the final test, a significance in understanding the theme to compare the results of the monitoring unit graders., La calidad educativa en la actualidad está ligada con la adecuada educación que los maestros brindan en los centros educativos, para esto se debe tener en cuenta la aplicación de estrategias para desempeñar un buen proceso Enseñanza/Aprendizaje, esta investigación cuasi experimental se basó en aplicar Estrategias de Aprendizaje Cooperativo para la unidad temática de “Reproducción en Seres Vivos” de grado 8 en la Institución Educativa Laura Vicuña, de la ciudad de Armenia. En la metodología se elaboró un diagnóstico empleando un test inicial en dos grados 8 para saber el conocimiento previo que tenían los estudiantes, de esta forma se eligió el grado donde se emplearon una serie de estrategias de Aprendizaje cooperativo, las cuales brindaron la oportunidad de trabajar en equipo, fomentar y mejorar el conocimiento de los estudiantes en cuanto a la unidad temática “reproducción de los seres vivos” finalmente se obtuvieron resultados muy alentadores con el uso de las estrategias de Aprendizaje Cooperativo donde se comprobó en los resultados del test final, una mejora en el conocimiento de la, Resumen, Planteamiento de Problema, Justificación, Pregrado, Licenciado en Biología y Educación Ambiental

In Colombia, the calculation of the generation office is carried out in four stages. In each of them safety and reliability restrictions are added. One of the most important features of dispatch calculation is the inclusion of a risk equalization policy. The dispatch must be such that the expected relative rations in each of the sub-areas of the system are minimal and close to the arithmetic average. This article presents a linear optimization model that allows the generation dispatch to be calculated in a single stage and that includes this risk equalization policy., En Colombia, el cálculo del despacho de generación es realizado en cuatro etapas. En cada una de ellas se adicionan restricciones de seguridad y confiabilidad. Una de las características más importantes del cálculo del despacho es la inclusión de una política de igualación de riesgos. El despacho debe ser tal que los racionamientos relativos esperados en cada una de las sub-áreas del sistema, sean mínimos y cercanos al promedio aritmético. En este artículo se presenta un modelo de optimización lineal que permite calcular el despacho de generación en una sola etapa y que incluye esta política de igualación de riesgos.

En Colombia, el cálculo del despacho de generación es realizado en cuatro etapas. En cada una de ellas se adicionan restricciones de seguridad y confiabilidad. Una de las características más importantes del cálculo del despacho es la inclusión de una política de igualación de riesgos. El despacho debe ser tal que los racionamientos relativos esperados en cada una de las sub-áreas del sistema, sean mínimos y cercanos al promedio aritmético. En este artículo se presenta un modelo de optimización lineal que permite calcular el despacho de generación en una sola etapa y que incluye esta política de igualación de riesgos. PACS: 88.80.H

In attempt to identify the possible role of mayor genes, multifactorial inheritance, and cohort effects in the susceptibility to idiopathic epilepsy with generalized tonic clonic seizures of the awakening type (GTCS), complex segregation analysis was performed in 196 nuclear families ascertained through affected with probands with idiopathic epilepsy with GTCS belonging to the Paisa community of Antioquia (Colombia). Models postulating no transmission, single mayor locus (dominant and recessive) only, and multifactorial component only, were rejected. The models postulating no polygenic component to transmission, and no transmission of the major effect were also rejected. Thus far, complex segregation analysis suggested that a major autosomal codominant allele together with a multifactorial component (mixed model) best explains clustering of idiopathic epilepsy with GTCS in families of the Paisa community. The deficit of transmission of heterozygotes (0.17) is compatible with the existence of epistasis acting on a major gene whose frequency was estimated to be 0.0211. Its transmission variance accounts for 81% of the susceptibility to idiopathic epilepsy with GTCS. The complementary variance (19%) is due to polygenic component.

In an attempt to identify the possible role of major genes, multifactorial inheritance, and cohort effects in the susceptibility to idiopathic epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures of the awakening type (GTCS), complex segregation analysis was performed in 196 nuclear families ascertained through affected probands with idiopathic epilepsy with GTCS belonging to the Paisa community of Antioquia (Colombia). Models postulating no transmission, single major locus (dominant and recessive) only, and multifactorial component only, were rejected. Since the codominant single major locus model could not be rejected and models that assign no major locus to transmission, no polygenic component to transmission, and no transmission of the major effect were rejected, complex segregation analysis suggested that a major autosomal codominant allele together with a multifactorial component (mixed model) best explained clustering of idiopathic epilepsy with GTCS in families of the Paisa community. The deficit of transmission of heterozygotes (0.17) is compatible with the existence of epistasis acting on a major gene whose frequency was estimated to be 0.0211. Its transmission variance accounts for 81% of the susceptibility to idiopathic epilepsy with GTCS. The complementary variance (19%) is due to the polygenic component.

INTRODUCTION In extended and multigenerational pedigrees, the idiopathic epilepsy phenotype shows an extreme variability. OBJECTIVE The range of idiopathic epilepsy onset age in multigenerational pedigrees was studied in order to determine if genetic anticipation play a role in the heredity of Idiopathic Epilepsies. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compare the seizures onset age among relative-pairs of (parents-children, grandfathers-grandsons and nephew uncles). The mean onset age was compared using the Wilcoxon sign-rank paired-sample non-parametrical test to determine whether or not significant differences over > 0 exist, which refutes the null hypothesis of not anticipation. 84 pairs of relatives were taken from 72 extended multigenerational pedigrees. RESULTS The onset age of idiopathic epilepsy of the pairs showed a difference significantly > 0, which confirm the existence of intergenerational differences. This difference has a tendency to decrease in age which each successive generation. This difference occur in all relative pairs and therefore contradicts the ascertainment bias described by Penrose. CONCLUSIONS The results outline the existence of unstable mutations (those produced by a nucleotidic variable number of tandem repeats) as a probable explanation of the susceptibility to develop some forms of idiopathic epilepsy.

In attempt to identify the possible role of mayor genes, multifactorial inheritance, and cohort effects in the susceptibility to idiopathic epilepsy with generalized tonic clonic seizures of the awakening type (GTCS), complex segregation analysis was performed in 196 nuclear families ascertained through affected with probands with idiopathic epilepsy with GTCS belonging to the Paisa community of Antioquia (Colombia). Models postulating no transmission, single mayor locus (dominant and recessive) only, and multifactorial component only, were rejected. The models postulating no polygenic component to transmission, and no transmission of the major effect were also rejected. Thus far, complex segregation analysis suggested that a major autosomal codominant allele together with a multifactorial component (mixed model) best explains clustering of idiopathic epilepsy with GTCS in families of the Paisa community. The deficit of transmission of heterozygotes (0.17) is compatible with the existence of epistasis acting on a major gene whose frequency was estimated to be 0.0211. Its transmission variance accounts for 81% of the susceptibility to idiopathic epilepsy with GTCS. The complementary variance (19%) is due to polygenic component.

Objective and methods An experimental study about the predictions from the multifactorial threshold model created by Falconer is presented, assuming that this model may explain the genetic mechanisms underlying the family aggregation of idiopathic epilepsies. Results We failed to confirm the following predictions from the falconer model: decreased prevalence of disease in relatives, proportional to decreased family links, and the order of birth effect. An heredity greater than 100% was calculated which is concordant with the presence of at least a locus with a major gen affect. Conclusion Our results reject the multifactorial threshold effect and suggest the presence of a major gen or Mendelian effect. An analysis of complex segregation is suggested for future studies.

An experimental study about the predictions from the multifactorial threshold model created by Falconer is presented, assuming that this model may explain the genetic mechanisms underlying the family aggregation of idiopathic epilepsies.We failed to confirm the following predictions from the falconer model: decreased prevalence of disease in relatives, proportional to decreased family links, and the order of birth effect. An heredity greater than 100% was calculated which is concordant with the presence of at least a locus with a major gen affect.Our results reject the multifactorial threshold effect and suggest the presence of a major gen or Mendelian effect. An analysis of complex segregation is suggested for future studies.

We study the problem of computing general static-arbitrage bounds for European basket options; that is, computing bounds on the price of a basket option, given the only assumption of absence of arbitrage, and information about prices of other European basket options on the same underlying assets and with the same maturity. In particular, we provide a simple efficient way to compute this type of bounds by solving a large finite non-linear programming formulation of the problem. This is done via a suitable Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition that takes advantage of an integer programming formulation of the corresponding subproblems. Our computation method equally applies to both upper and lower arbitrage bounds, and provides a solution method for general instances of the problem. This constitutes a substantial contribution to the related literature, in which upper and lower bound problems need to be treated differently, and which provides efficient ways to solve particular static-arbitrage bounds for European basket options; namely, when the option prices information used to compute the bounds is limited to vanilla and/or forward options, or when the number of underlying assets is limited to two assets. Also, our computation method allows the inclusion of real-world characteristics of option prices into the arbitrage bounds problem, such as the presence of bid-ask spreads. We illustrate our results by computing upper and lower arbitrage bounds on gasoline/heating oil crack spread options.

In extended and multigenerational pedigrees, the idiopathic epilepsy phenotype shows an extreme variability.The range of idiopathic epilepsy onset age in multigenerational pedigrees was studied in order to determine if genetic anticipation play a role in the heredity of Idiopathic Epilepsies.We compare the seizures onset age among relative-pairs of (parents-children, grandfathers-grandsons and nephew uncles). The mean onset age was compared using the Wilcoxon sign-rank paired-sample non-parametrical test to determine whether or not significant differences over0 exist, which refutes the null hypothesis of not anticipation. 84 pairs of relatives were taken from 72 extended multigenerational pedigrees.The onset age of idiopathic epilepsy of the pairs showed a difference significantly0, which confirm the existence of intergenerational differences. This difference has a tendency to decrease in age which each successive generation. This difference occur in all relative pairs and therefore contradicts the ascertainment bias described by Penrose.The results outline the existence of unstable mutations (those produced by a nucleotidic variable number of tandem repeats) as a probable explanation of the susceptibility to develop some forms of idiopathic epilepsy.