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Introduction: Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes are common genetic syndromes related to syndromic craniosynostosis (SC), whereby it is a congenital defect that occurs when the cranial growth is distorted. Identifying cranial angles associated with these 3 syndromes may assist the surgical team to focus on a specific cranial part during the intervention planning, thus optimizing surgical outcomes and reducing potential morbidity. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the cranial angles, which are associated with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes. Methods: The cranial computed tomography scan images of 17 patients with SC and 22 control groups aged 0 to 12 years who were treated in the University Malaya Medical Centre were obtained, while 12 angular measurements were attained using the Mimics software. The angular data were then divided into 2 groups (patients aged 0 to 24 months and >24 months). This work proposes a 95% confidence interval (CI) for angular mean to detect the abnormality in patient's cranial growth for the SC syndromes. Results: The 95% CI of angular mean for the control group was calculated and used as an indicator to confirm the abnormality in patient's cranial growth that is associated with the 3 syndromes. The results showed that there are different cranial angles associated with these 3 syndromes. Conclusions: All cranial angles of the patients with these syndromes lie outside the 95% CI of angular mean of control group, indicating the reliability of the proposed CI in the identification of abnormality in the patient's cranial growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes are common genetic syndromes related to syndromic craniosynostosis (SC), whereby it is a congenital defect that occurs when the cranial growth is distorted. Identifying cranial angles associated with these 3 syndromes may assist the surgical team to focus on a specific cranial part during the intervention planning, thus optimizing surgical outcomes and reducing potential morbidity., Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the cranial angles, which are associated with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes., Methods: The cranial computed tomography scan images of 17 patients with SC and 22 control groups aged 0 to 12 years who were treated in the University Malaya Medical Centre were obtained, while 12 angular measurements were attained using the Mimics software. The angular data were then divided into 2 groups (patients aged 0 to 24 months and >24 months). This work proposes a 95% confidence interval (CI) for angular mean to detect the abnormality in patient's cranial growth for the SC syndromes., Results: The 95% CI of angular mean for the control group was calculated and used as an indicator to confirm the abnormality in patient's cranial growth that is associated with the 3 syndromes. The results showed that there are different cranial angles associated with these 3 syndromes., Conclusions: All cranial angles of the patients with these syndromes lie outside the 95% CI of angular mean of control group, indicating the reliability of the proposed CI in the identification of abnormality in the patient's cranial growth., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.