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Since October 1989 at Istanbul University, Istanbul School of Medicine, Our Children-Leukemia Foundation and Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology we have focused on the systematic use of apheresis techniques especially for thrombocytopheresis. Fifty-six thrombocytopheresis were performed. Complete blood count, blood groups were determined and compatible donors with a platelet count > 200 000/p.L and negative serologic tests (Hepatitis B, CMV, HIV, malaria, syphilis) were selected. In 6/56 thrombocytopheresis (10.7%) the aimed number of cycles could not be achieved. Fifty applications were completed. Six units of platelets each from 29 donors (51.7%) and less than 6 units each from the other donors were collected. The platelet counts in the collected platelet concentrates were between 299- 1024x109/L. Each unit contained about 30-60 ml of platelet suspension. Each unit only contained very little amounts of RBC and WBC contamination. Apheresis techniques based on autosurge automated protocols are very useful and needed in every center applying intensified chemotherapy protocols which need vigorous supportive measures.

WOS: 000384818801055, …

WOS: 000356426904365, nofulltext# -- Berber, Ergül (Arel Author), …

Long used in established industrialized nations to treat patients with haemophilia and inhibitors, factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity (FEIBA) has, in recent years, been introduced into more geographically diverse settings. Data are needed on how successfully FEIBA therapy has been implemented in new regions. To determine the efficacy and safety of FEIBA for the treatment of acute bleeding and surgical haemostasis in a newly industrialized country. A multicentre registry of haemophilia A patients with inhibitors receiving FEIBA treatment was established in Turkey. With a standardized case report form, data were collected retrospectively on: patient demographics; characteristics of acute bleeding episodes and surgical interventions; FEIBA regimen; and treatment outcomes. Thirty-seven patients received a total of 112 FEIBA treatment courses, 90 for acute bleeding and 22 for surgical haemostasis. The median FEIBA dose per infusion for acute bleeding was 50 IU kg-1, and for surgery was 100 IU kg-1. For both acute joint and muscle/soft tissue bleeding and in surgery, haemostasis was attained in a median of two FEIBA infusions. FEIBA was judged effective in 92% of treatment courses for acute bleeding, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 8597%. Rates of haemostatic efficacy did not differ significantly between anatomical sites of acute bleeding. The haemostatic efficacy rate of FEIBA in surgery was 86% (CI, 6597%). No thromboembolic complications or other adverse events occurred during any treatment course. FEIBA has been successfully integrated into clinical practice in Turkey, with rates of haemostatic efficacy comparable to those reported in countries with a longer history of FEIBA usage.

Assam coal was reductively acylated by using zinc dust, acetic acid and phenol. This reaction resulted in enhanced extractability of coal in quinoline. The residue extracted after the first step was further reductively acylated which rendered it further extractable in quinoline. Three successive steps could solubilize the coal to the extent of 58 per cent on ash balance basis.

This Paper reports studies on the depolymerization reaction of Assam coal using p -toluenesulphonic acid (PTS) in phenol. Attempts have been made to determine the true extractability of coal by depolymerization by balancing the mineral matter present in the original coal with that in the residual depolymerized coal after extraction, and thus allow for the addition of phenol to the coal. The factors that could lead to a reduction in the amount of catalyst and reaction time required for depolymerization were studied. Three successive depolymerization reactions, followed by extractions in benzene/methanol (7:3 vol/vol), allowed the extraction of ≈50% coal with a coal:catalyst (PTS) ratio of 2:1. The particle size of the coal also affected the depolymerization reaction. Smaller coal particles (− 60 to + 120 BSS mesh, 250-125 gmm) resulted in a better extraction (60% in benzene/methanol (7:3 vol/vol)) compared with larger particles. The depolymerization reaction was found to be under diffusion and chemical control within the coal particle. Exposure of active sites in coal through extraction, increase in surface area through size reduction, chemical pretreatments, use of promoters and elevated temperatures should help to increase the rate of the depolymerization reaction.

Assam coal was alkylated with iso propyl and n -butyl bromides and AlCl 3 catalyst in CS 2 and quinoline as solvents. This resulted in enhanced extraction of coal in quinoline. Alkylation with n -butanol and dry HCl gas also resulted in enhancement of the extractability in quinoline. The increase in extractability was found to be greater than that observed in the case of AlCl 3 -catalysed butylation. The coal was also amylated with iso amy alcohol and dry HCl gas and then alkylated using a p -toluenesulphonic acid catalyst in n -butanol or iso amyl alcohol. In this case the increase in quinoline extraction yield was greater still. n -Butanol was a better alkylating agent than iso amyl alcohol in all cases. The coal could also be alkylated in its plastic state using cetanol without any catalyst. Alkylation rendered > 50% of the coal extractable in quinoline.

Carboxylic acids, acid anhydrides and N-hydroxy methylamides were used to acylate Assam coal under Friedel—Crafts reaction conditions. This reaction resulted in the enhancement of the extractability of coal in benzene—methanol (7:3 vol./vol.) and quinoline after acylation with carboxylic acids and acid anhydrides. The effect of catalyst (AlCl3) concentration on reaction was also investigated. l.r. spectra of reaction products indicated the introduction of acyl groups in the coal structure. Phthalimidomethylation could render about 50% coal extractable in quinoline.