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A rapid and facile method for detecting profenofos is crucial for environmental surveillance and ensuring product quality. Electrochemical sensing, as appears presents significant potential as a nascent technology for profenofos detection in recent years. Herein, NiO-CuO bimetallic modified graphene paste electrode/TiO2 was developed for the detection of profenofos over cyclic voltammetry technique. The TiO2@NiO-CuO were synthesized through the sol-gel method and characterized by various analyses such as SEM, XRD, and FTIR and electrochemical techniques. The superior electrochemical properties of the suggested GPE/TiO2@NiO-CuO were demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry investigations performed in Fe(CN)64-/3- solution. The electrode performance of GPE/TiO2 doped with NiO-CuO towards K3FeCN6 solution is notably enhanced compared to GPE/TiO2 undoped. Doping notably increased the conductivity of the GPE/TiO2, leading to a performance enhancement in the electrocatalytic activity and detection sensitivity of profenofos. Under optimum conditions, the GPE/TiO2@NiO-CuO demonstrated an impressively low detection limit of 0.00132 µg/L, coupled with a favorable detection range spanning from 1.0 μg/L to 10 μg/L with correlation coefficient R² = 0.992. Moreover, the electrode demonstrates remarkably very good stability, and repeatability with %RSD is only 0.94% over 11 repeated measurements. These results signify that GPE/TiO2@NiO-CuO for detecting profenofos, demonstrates exceptional excellent linearity, repeatability, and promising sensitivity for pesticide detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the heightened sensitivity of the electrochemical formaldehyde detection achieved by incorporating a modified graphene paste electrode with a titanium dioxide-silver (TiO2/Ag) composite (GTA). The G-TiO2 matrix was augmented with varying masses of silver modifiers, namely, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 g, aiming to establish the most effective composition for formaldehyde detection. Characterization through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the material's composition, revealing GTA electrode nanocomposites consisting of carbon, oxygen, titanium, and silver with the compositions of 77.05, 19.46, 2.39, and 1.11%, respectively. An electrochemical analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of the developed electrode in a 1 M K3[Fe(CN)6] solution. Furthermore, a real sample testing was performed to evaluate the practical utility of the electrode gauging its efficiency through the calculation of percentage recovery before and after treatment. The GTA electrode with a 0.4 g Ag modifier exhibited the optimal performance, as evidenced by a Horwitz Ratio stability test result of 1.38% and a limit of detection of 0.0168 µg/L. This research highlights the promising potential of the GTA electrode for the precise and sensitive formaldehyde detection, particularly in processed food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]