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The article is aimed at conducting a comprehensive study of opportunities and prospects of development of methodology and practice of organization of innovation processes in the economies of various countries, development of recommendations to increase the efficiency of innovation activity.The relevance of this topic is due to the need to create effective mechanisms of expert and analytical support of a high level of innovation development, the importance of providing measures to support technologies - «catalysts» socio-economic development of economic agents, the key role of technology transfer as a condition for ensuring and maintaining innovative activity of economic agents. Keywords: innovation, innovative technologies, intellectual property transfer.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Gestão & Tecnologia is the property of Revista Gestao & Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper considers the features of the growth of “green finance”. The nuances of the development of the green economy of foreign countries are studied. The analytical data of the green market and issued instruments are presented in the form of figures, data for a number of years. Creating a greener economy requires significant investment, whether it’s financing a new electric bus network, building a solar farm, or building power plants powered by renewable energy. In this regard, responsible investing is being developed around the world, which is based on an approach to investing that seeks to include environmental, social and management factors (ESG factors) in the investment decision- making process for better risk management and a sustainable and long- term return on investment.

The article is devoted to the analysis of perceptions of what it means to be happy among modern Russians. The main focus of the study is to identify the level of subjective well-being of the respondents in association with their worldview ideas about happiness and the image of the world in representatives of different age groups. The paper gives a brief overview of the main studies of felicity, the concept of happiness, and subjective well-being. Based on the theoretical analysis of conceptual developments concerning the stages of development of moral consciousness, the value and meaning component of the image of the world, and the factors of subjective well-being, several models of happiness are constructed based on the results of content analysis and reflexive positioning analysis of the respondents’ reflections. The research targets also include the ratio of the scales of subjective well-being (SW) and subjective happiness (SH) or felicity and the nature of subjective satisfaction depending on the value-semantic model of ideas about happiness and the established image of the world. The study uses the methods of theoretical analysis and conceptual modeling, content analysis, and reflexive positional analysis of the text, a questionnaire including the scales of SW, SH, reflection on happiness, and the author’s value-meaning diagnostic complex. The noteworthy results substantiating the novelty of the study show that: 1) The level of the subjective happiness scale is higher than the SB scale and shows a more positive orientation; 2) The respondents with the religious and existential models of happiness were the happiest based on the scales of subjective well-being and subjective happiness; the respondents with the consumer model of happiness were the least happy. Two new opportunities emerge from the point of further research prospects and the practice of psychological counseling and psychotherapy. First, there is an opportunity to diagnose the presence and nature of an intra-personal conflict in the presence of a notable gap between the values on the SW and SH scales. Second, it is possible to identify the reasons for deficits and the direction of development based on reflexive positioning analysis of free reflections on happiness.

Dual-fuel combined cycle gas turbine units, including power units on the parallel scheme with predominant coal combustion are considered in the paper. The basic equations for determining the energy efficiency of dual-fuel combined-cycle power units are described. The interdependence of the efficiency of the gas turbine and steam turbine parts of the combined-cycle plant for the efficiency of the combined-cycle plant with a variable binary coefficient is presented. It is shown that 55-56% efficiency is achievable for parallel type combined cycle gas turbine units T with predominant solid fuel combustion on the basis of this interdependence between efficiency and binary coefficient. Comparison of competitiveness in the ratio of fuel prices for gas / coal with traditional coal technology and theoretical rejected combined cycle gas turbine units with an efficiency of 60% for dual-fuel combined cycle gas turbine units with the implementation of the Rankine cycle for subcritical (13 MPa) and supercritical (24 MPa) steam parameters is carried out. It is shown that the dual-fuel combined cycle gas turbine units are preferable to traditional coal steam turbine power units in the case when the ratio of the price of fuel does not exceed 5, binary rejected combined cycle gas turbine units, when the ratio of the prices by more 0,5.

Here, we present new records of leprarioid lichens from the Commander Islands, including one species of Lithocalla and six species of Lepraria. Notably, we describe as new to science Lepraria tiinae, which is quite common in coastal biotopes of the archipelago. The main distinguishing phenotypic features of this new species include large granules of the thallus, a well-developed hypothallus, dark rhizohyphae, and the production of thiophanic acid, arthothelin, and dichlorolichexanthone. Additionally, three species of lichenicolous fungi or fungi associated with leprarioid lichens were found in the studied specimens, all of which are new to the Kamchatka Territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of phenylsilsesquioxane-benzoate heptacopper complexes 1–3 were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Two parallel routes of toluene spontaneous oxidation (into benzyl alcohol and benzoate) assisted the formation of the cagelike structure 1. A unique multi-ligation of copper ions (from (i) silsesquioxane, (ii) benzoate, (iii) benzyl alcohol, (iv) pyridine, (v) dimethyl-formamide and (vi) water ligands) was found in 1. Directed self-assembly using benzoic acid as a reactant afforded complexes 2–3 with the same main structural features as for 1, namely heptanuclear core coordinated by (i) two distorted pentameric cyclic silsesquioxane and (ii) four benzoate ligands, but featuring other solvate surroundings. Complex 3 was evaluated as a catalyst for the oxidation of alkanes to alkyl hydroperoxides and alcohols to ketones with hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, respectively, at 50 °C in acetonitrile. The maximum yield of cyclohexane oxidation products as high as 32% was attained. The oxidation reaction results in a mixture of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone. Upon the addition of triphenylphosphine, the cyclohexyl hydroperoxide is completely converted to cyclohexanol. The specific regio- and chemoselectivity in the oxidation of n-heptane and methylcyclohexane, respectively, indicate the involvement of of hydroxyl radicals. Complex 3 exhibits a high activity in the oxidation of alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 has made significant adjustments to all spheres of Kazakhstan's society, the education sector was no exception, and therefore all educational organizations were forced to urgently activate distance learning. Of course, organizations of higher and postgraduate education used a distance learning format before the pandemic. Kazakh schools experienced difficulties with the distance learning format. One of the problems of distance education is that academic honesty in relation to online tests is dangerous because of deception, which artificially gives a high score. To solve these problems, an online proctoring system was used, designed to eliminate and prevent academic dishonesty. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of online tests with proctoring and online tests without proctoring. The test results of 220 students studying in different groups of the online course were compared using linear models of mixed effects, some students did not use a proctoring system, and the rest were forced to use online proctoring software. Students scored an average of 11 points less and spent less time on online tests that used proctoring software compared to tests without a proctoring system. A significant difference in grades and different use of time was in different exams, both for sections of the same course, and in the fact that some students used software for testing, while others were absent. The necessity of introducing the use of a proctoring program for online learning and distance education is justified. The necessity of using innovative tools in the field of education, in particular in online learning, is actualized. The introduction of proctoring systems increases the reliability of the assessment of educational results in the online mode. It is necessary to further develop the capabilities of proctoring technology and its wide implementation in all universities of the country. The use of this software system will allow educational organizations to improve the quality of the results of distance education provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extended ( i.e. , 19 distinct species) family of cage-like Cu 4 -phenylsilsesquioxanes allowed us to accentuate the general regularities behind their structural organization. Influencing factors, namely the (i) size of external alkali metal ions (from Li to Cs) and (ii) nature of bridging linkers (including the smallest possible ones, like a water molecule) on the self-assembly/supramolecular assembly of such Cu 4 -building blocks have been thoroughly explored. A Cu 4 K 4 -based complex has been evaluated as a precatalyst in the oxidation of alkanes (cyclohexane, n -heptane, methylcyclohexane) and alcohols. The experimental evidence that radical species participate in the oxidation of alkanes is provided.

Convenient self-assembly synthesis of copper(II) complexes via double (phenylsilsesquioxane and acetate) ligation allows to isolate a family of impressive sandwich-like cage compounds. An intriguing feature of these complexes is the difference in the structure of a pair of silsesquioxane ligands despite identical (Cu 6 ) nuclearity and number (four) of acetate fragments. Formation of particular combination of silsesquioxane ligands (cyclic/cyclic vs condensed/condensed vs cyclic/condensed) was found to be dependent on the synthesis/crystallization media. A combination of Si 4 -cyclic and Si 6 -condensed silsesquioxane ligands is a brand new feature of cage metallasilsesquioxanes. A representative Cu 6 -complex (4) (with cyclic silsesquioxanes) exhibited high catalytic activity in the oxidation of alkanes and alcohols with peroxides. Maximum yield of the products of cyclohexane oxidation attained 30 %. The compound 4 was also tested as catalyst in the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone by m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid: maximum yields of 88 % and 100 % of ϵ-caprolactone were achieved upon conventional heating at 50 °C for 4 h and MW irradiation at 70 or 80 °C during 30 min, respectively. It was also possible to obtain the lactone (up to 16 % yield) directly from the cyclohexane via a tandem oxidation/Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction using the same oxidant., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The present study describes a new feature in the self-assembly of cagelike copperphenylsilsesquioxanes: the strong influence of acetone solvates on cage structure formation. By this simple approach, a series of novel tetra-, hexa-, or nonacoppersilsesquioxanes were isolated and characterized. In addition, several new complexes of Cu 4 or Cu 6 nuclearity bearing additional nitrogen-based ligands (ethylenediamine, 2,2'-bipyridine, phenanthroline, bathophenanthroline, or neocuproine) were produced. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies established molecular architectures of all of the synthesized products. Several coppersilsesquioxanes represent a novel feature of cagelike metallasilsesquioxane (CLMS) in terms of molecular topology. A Cu 4 -silsesquioxane complex with ethylenediamine (En) ligands was isolated via the unprecedented self-assembly of a partly condensed framework of silsesquioxane ligands, followed by the formation of a sandwich-like cage. Two prismatic Cu 6 complexes represent the different conformers─regular and elliptical hexagonal prisms, "cylinders", determined by the different orientations of the coordinated acetone ligands (" shape-switch effect"). A heterometallic Cu 4 Na 4 -sandwich-like derivative represents the first example of a metallasilsesquioxane complex with diacetone alcohol ligands formed in situ due to acetone condensation reaction. As a selected example, the compound [(Ph 6 Si 6 O 11 ) 2 Cu 4 En 2 ]·(acetone) 2 was explored in homogeneous oxidation catalysis. It catalyzes the oxidation of alkanes to alkyl hydroperoxides with hydrogen peroxide and the oxidation of alcohols to ketones with tert -butyl hydroperoxide. Radical species take part in the oxidation of alkanes. Besides, [(Ph 6 Si 6 O 11 ) 2 Cu 4 En 2 ]·(acetone) 2 catalyzes the mild oxidative functionalization of gaseous alkanes (ethane, propane, n -butane, and i -butane). Two different model reactions were investigated: (1) the oxidation of gaseous alkanes with hydrogen peroxide to give a mixture of oxygenates (alcohols, ketones, or aldehydes) and (2) the carboxylation of C n gaseous alkanes with carbon monoxide, water, and potassium peroxodisulfate to give C n +1 carboxylic acids (main products), along with the corresponding C n oxygenates. For these reactions, the effects of acid promoter, reaction time, and substrate scope were explored. As expected for free-radical-type reactions, the alkane reactivity follows the trend C 2 H 6 < C 3 H 8 < n -C 4 H 10 < i -C 4 H 10 . The highest total product yields were observed in the carboxylation of i -butane (up to 61% based on i -C 4 H 10 ). The product yields and catalyst turnover numbers (TONs) are remarkable, given an inertness of gaseous alkanes and very mild reaction conditions applied (low pressures, 50-60 °C temperatures).