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3. Antarctic Soil Metabolomics: A Pilot Study

Author

Ciaramelli, C, Palmioli, A, Brioschi, M, Viglio, S, D’Amato, M, Iadarola, P, Tosi, S, Zucconi, L, Airoldi, C, Ciaramelli C., Palmioli A., Brioschi M., Viglio S., D’Amato M., Iadarola P., Tosi S., Zucconi L., Airoldi C., Ciaramelli, C, Palmioli, A, Brioschi, M, Viglio, S, D’Amato, M, Iadarola, P, Tosi, S, Zucconi, L, Airoldi, C, Ciaramelli C., Palmioli A., Brioschi M., Viglio S., D’Amato M., Iadarola P., Tosi S., Zucconi L., and Airoldi C.

Abstract

In Antarctica, ice-free areas can be found along the coast, on mountain peaks, and in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, where microorganisms well-adapted to harsh conditions can survive and reproduce. Metabolic analyses can shed light on the survival mechanisms of Antarctic soil communities from both coastal sites, under different plant coverage stages, and inner sites where slow-growing or dormant microorganisms, low water availability, salt accumulation, and a limited number of primary producers make metabolomic profiling difficult. Here, we report, for the first time, an efficient protocol for the extraction and the metabolic profiling of Antarctic soils based on the combination of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). This approach was set up on samples harvested along different localities of Victoria Land, in continental Antarctica, devoid of or covered by differently developed biological crusts. NMR allowed for the identification of thirty metabolites (mainly sugars, amino acids, and organic acids) and the quantification of just over twenty of them. UPLC-MS analysis identified more than twenty other metabolites, in particular flavonoids, medium- and long-chain fatty acids, benzoic acid derivatives, anthracenes, and quinones. Our results highlighted the complementarity of the two analytical techniques. Moreover, we demonstrated that their combined use represents the “gold standard” for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of little-explored samples, such as those collected from Antarctic soils.

Published
2023

4. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author

Hyde, K. D., Ryberg, Martin, Svantesson, Sten, Tibell, Leif, Tibell Savić, Sanja, Zucconi, L., Hyde, K. D., Ryberg, Martin, Svantesson, Sten, Tibell, Leif, Tibell Savić, Sanja, and Zucconi, L.

Abstract

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, 'to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation', or 'are there too many genera in the Boletales?' and even more importantly, 'what should be done with the tremendously diverse 'dark fungal taxa?' There are undeniable differences in mycologists' perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based, For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/14/1/23

Published
2023
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5. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author

Hyde, K.D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P.D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A.M., Akulov, O.Y., Aleoshin, V.V., Al-Sadi, A.M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T.B., Anderson, J., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C.C.S., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D.M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A.H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D.F., Baral, H.O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F., Barbosa, R.N., Barreto, R.W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D.B., Bennett Reuel, M., Bera, I., Bezerra, J.D.P., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Bianchinotti, M.V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M.E.S., Caeiro, M.F., Cai, L., Cai, M.F., Calabon, M.S., Calaça, F.J.S., Callalli, M., Camara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J.R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M.D.V., Cavalcanti, L.H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M.L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C.Y., Chen, K.H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W.H., Chen, Y.P., Chethana, K.W.T., Coleine, C., Condé, T.O., Corazon-Guivin, M.A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D.H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J.A., Crous, P.W., Cui, B.K., Cui, Y.Y., da Silva, D.K.A., da Silva, G.A., da Silva, I.R., da Silva, R.M.F., da Silva Santos, A.C., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Daroodi, Z., Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E.A., Dayarathne, M.C., Decock, C., de Groot, M.D., De Kesel, A., dela Cruz, T.E.E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C.M., Denchev, T.T., de Oliveira, N.T., de Silva, N.I., de Souza, F.A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J.C., Dima, B., Diniz, A.G., Dissanayake, A.J., Dissanayake, L.S., Doğan, H.H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z.Y., Dos Santos, L.A., Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Du, T.Y., Dubey, M.K., Dutta, A.K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T.F., Elshahed, M.S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H.C., Fan, X.L., Fan, Y.G., Fedosova, A.G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A.L., Fiuza, P.O., Flakus, A., Fragoso de Souza, C.A., Frisvad, J.C., Fryar, S.C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A.J., Galindo, L.J., Gannibal, P.B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S.R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A.K., Ge, Z.W., Gené, D.J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., T.b., Gibertoni, Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., Gomes de Farias, A.R., Gorjón, S.P., Goto, B.T., Granados-Montero, M.M., Griffith, G.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H.P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L.F.P., Gutierrez, A.C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y.F., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Harder, C.B., Harrington, T.C., Hattori, T., He, M.Q., He, S., He, S.H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K.T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S.K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Hustad, V.P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jayalal, R.G.U., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G.H., Jesus, A.L., Jin, J., Johnston, P.R., Jones, E.B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G.P., Kang, J.C., Karimi, O., Karpov, S.A., Karunarathna, S.C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P.M., Kitaura, M.J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K.H., Latha, K.P.D., Lee, H.B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D.L., Lestari, A.S., Li, C.J.Y., Li, D.W., Li, H., Li, H.Y., Li, L., Li, Q.R., Li, W.L., Li, Y., Li, Y.C., Liao, C.F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y.W., Lin, C.G., Linaldeddu, B.T., Linde, C.C., Linn, M.M., Liu, F., Liu, J.K., Liu, N.G., Liu, S., Liu, S.L., Liu, X.F., Liu, X.Y., Liu, X.Z., Liu, Z.B., Lu, L., Lu, Y.Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z.L., Ma, J., Machado, A.R., Madagammana, A.D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D.S., Manawasinghe, I.S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D.S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, Tom W., McKenzie, E.H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R.F.R., Mendes, A.R.L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q.F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N Jr., Mešić, A., Meza Calvo, J.G., Mikhailov, K.V., Miller, S.L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J.M., Monteiro, J.S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H.M., Moreau, P.A., Mueller, G.M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L.G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C.M., Nascimento, C.C., Nei, Y., Neves, M.A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A.G.T., Nilsson, R.H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M.T., Noordeloos, M.E., Norphanphoun, C., Nuñez Otaño, N.B., O’Donnell, R.P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, F.P., Pang, K.L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Perera, R.H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A.J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C.L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C.A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K.N.A., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Rämä, Teppo, Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A.R., Raza, M., Ren, G.C., Robledo, G.L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L.R., Salvador-Montoya, C.A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B.C., Samarakoon, M.C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santiago, A.L.C.M.A., Santamaria, B., Santos, A.C.S., Sarma, V.V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R.K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, Laura, Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I.C., Seto, K., Shabashova, T.G., Shen, H.W., Shen, Y.M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Simmons, D.R., Singh, R., Sir, E.B., Song, C.G., Souza-Motta C.M. Sruthi, O.P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A.M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S.L., Strassert, J.F.H., Su, H.L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y.F., Sun, Y.R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T.H., Tanaka, Kazuaki, Tang, A.M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J.B., Tavakol, N.M., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D.S., Thamodini, G.K., Thines, Marco, Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P.V., Tian, Q., Tian, W.H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, Dhanushka, Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W.A., Uzunov, B.A., Valle, L.G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R.K., Vieira, L.C., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A.K., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, C.G., Wang, K., Wang, S.X., Wang, X.Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D.P., Wei, X.L., White, J.F., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wijesinghe, S.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F.R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H.X., Wu, N., Wu, W.P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y.P., Xiong, Y.R., Xu, L.J., Xu, R., Xu, R.F., Xu, R.J., Xu, T.M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J.Y., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, Z.L., Yang, Y.H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N.H., Yu, F.M., Yu, Q., Yu, X.D., Yu, Y.X., Yu, Z.F., Yuan, H.S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, Andrey, Zafari, D., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zeng, M., Zeng, N.K., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, J.Y., Zhang, Q.Y., Zhang, S.N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.X., Zhao, C.L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R.L., Zhou, L.W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M.P., Zin, H.H., Zucconi, L., Hyde, K.D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P.D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A.M., Akulov, O.Y., Aleoshin, V.V., Al-Sadi, A.M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T.B., Anderson, J., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C.C.S., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D.M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A.H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D.F., Baral, H.O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F., Barbosa, R.N., Barreto, R.W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D.B., Bennett Reuel, M., Bera, I., Bezerra, J.D.P., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Bianchinotti, M.V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M.E.S., Caeiro, M.F., Cai, L., Cai, M.F., Calabon, M.S., Calaça, F.J.S., Callalli, M., Camara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J.R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M.D.V., Cavalcanti, L.H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M.L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C.Y., Chen, K.H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W.H., Chen, Y.P., Chethana, K.W.T., Coleine, C., Condé, T.O., Corazon-Guivin, M.A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D.H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J.A., Crous, P.W., Cui, B.K., Cui, Y.Y., da Silva, D.K.A., da Silva, G.A., da Silva, I.R., da Silva, R.M.F., da Silva Santos, A.C., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Daroodi, Z., Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E.A., Dayarathne, M.C., Decock, C., de Groot, M.D., De Kesel, A., dela Cruz, T.E.E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C.M., Denchev, T.T., de Oliveira, N.T., de Silva, N.I., de Souza, F.A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J.C., Dima, B., Diniz, A.G., Dissanayake, A.J., Dissanayake, L.S., Doğan, H.H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z.Y., Dos Santos, L.A., Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Du, T.Y., Dubey, M.K., Dutta, A.K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T.F., Elshahed, M.S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H.C., Fan, X.L., Fan, Y.G., Fedosova, A.G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A.L., Fiuza, P.O., Flakus, A., Fragoso de Souza, C.A., Frisvad, J.C., Fryar, S.C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A.J., Galindo, L.J., Gannibal, P.B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S.R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A.K., Ge, Z.W., Gené, D.J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., T.b., Gibertoni, Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., Gomes de Farias, A.R., Gorjón, S.P., Goto, B.T., Granados-Montero, M.M., Griffith, G.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H.P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L.F.P., Gutierrez, A.C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y.F., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Harder, C.B., Harrington, T.C., Hattori, T., He, M.Q., He, S., He, S.H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K.T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S.K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Hustad, V.P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jayalal, R.G.U., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G.H., Jesus, A.L., Jin, J., Johnston, P.R., Jones, E.B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G.P., Kang, J.C., Karimi, O., Karpov, S.A., Karunarathna, S.C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P.M., Kitaura, M.J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K.H., Latha, K.P.D., Lee, H.B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D.L., Lestari, A.S., Li, C.J.Y., Li, D.W., Li, H., Li, H.Y., Li, L., Li, Q.R., Li, W.L., Li, Y., Li, Y.C., Liao, C.F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y.W., Lin, C.G., Linaldeddu, B.T., Linde, C.C., Linn, M.M., Liu, F., Liu, J.K., Liu, N.G., Liu, S., Liu, S.L., Liu, X.F., Liu, X.Y., Liu, X.Z., Liu, Z.B., Lu, L., Lu, Y.Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z.L., Ma, J., Machado, A.R., Madagammana, A.D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D.S., Manawasinghe, I.S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D.S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, Tom W., McKenzie, E.H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R.F.R., Mendes, A.R.L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q.F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N Jr., Mešić, A., Meza Calvo, J.G., Mikhailov, K.V., Miller, S.L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J.M., Monteiro, J.S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H.M., Moreau, P.A., Mueller, G.M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L.G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C.M., Nascimento, C.C., Nei, Y., Neves, M.A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A.G.T., Nilsson, R.H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M.T., Noordeloos, M.E., Norphanphoun, C., Nuñez Otaño, N.B., O’Donnell, R.P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, F.P., Pang, K.L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Perera, R.H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A.J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C.L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C.A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K.N.A., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Rämä, Teppo, Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A.R., Raza, M., Ren, G.C., Robledo, G.L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L.R., Salvador-Montoya, C.A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B.C., Samarakoon, M.C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santiago, A.L.C.M.A., Santamaria, B., Santos, A.C.S., Sarma, V.V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R.K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, Laura, Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I.C., Seto, K., Shabashova, T.G., Shen, H.W., Shen, Y.M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Simmons, D.R., Singh, R., Sir, E.B., Song, C.G., Souza-Motta C.M. Sruthi, O.P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A.M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S.L., Strassert, J.F.H., Su, H.L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y.F., Sun, Y.R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T.H., Tanaka, Kazuaki, Tang, A.M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J.B., Tavakol, N.M., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D.S., Thamodini, G.K., Thines, Marco, Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P.V., Tian, Q., Tian, W.H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, Dhanushka, Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W.A., Uzunov, B.A., Valle, L.G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R.K., Vieira, L.C., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A.K., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, C.G., Wang, K., Wang, S.X., Wang, X.Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D.P., Wei, X.L., White, J.F., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wijesinghe, S.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F.R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H.X., Wu, N., Wu, W.P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y.P., Xiong, Y.R., Xu, L.J., Xu, R., Xu, R.F., Xu, R.J., Xu, T.M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J.Y., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, Z.L., Yang, Y.H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N.H., Yu, F.M., Yu, Q., Yu, X.D., Yu, Y.X., Yu, Z.F., Yuan, H.S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, Andrey, Zafari, D., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zeng, M., Zeng, N.K., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, J.Y., Zhang, Q.Y., Zhang, S.N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.X., Zhao, C.L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R.L., Zhou, L.W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M.P., Zin, H.H., and Zucconi, L.

Abstract

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based

Published
2023

8. The relevance of fungi in astrobiology research – Astromycology

Author

Simões, MF, primary, Cortesão, M, additional, Azua-Bustos, A, additional, Bai, F-Y, additional, Canini, F, additional, Casadevall, A, additional, Cassaro, A, additional, Cordero, RJB, additional, Fairén, AG, additional, González-Silva, C, additional, Gunde-Cimerman, N, additional, Koch, S, additional, Liu, X-Z, additional, Onofri, S, additional, Pacelli, C, additional, Selbmann, L, additional, Tesei, D, additional, Waghmode, A, additional, Wang, T, additional, Zucconi, L, additional, and Antunes, A, additional

Published
2023
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10. Erratum: The Italian national project of astrobiology-life in space-origin, presence, persistence of life in space, from molecules to extremophiles (Astrobiology (2020) 20:5 (580-582) DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2247)

Author

Onofri S., Balucani N., Barone V., Benedetti P., Billi D., Balbi A., Brucato J. R., Cobucci-Ponzano B., Costanzo G., Rocca N. L., Moracci M., Saladino R., Vladilo G., Albertini N., Battistuzzi M., Bloino J., Botta L., Casavecchia P., Cassaro A., Claudi R., Cocola L., Coduti A., Di Donato P., Di Mauro E., Dore L., Falcinelli S., Fulle M., Ivanovski S., Lombardi A., Mancini G., Maris M., Maurelli L., Murante G., Negri R., Pacelli C., Pagano I., Piccinino D., Poletto L., Prantera G., Puzzarini C., Rampino S., Ripa C., Rosi M., Sanna M., Selbmann L., Silva L., Skouteris D., Strazzulli A., Tasinato N., Timperio A. M., Tozzi A., Tozzi G. P., Trainotti L., Ugliengo P., Vaccaro L., Zucconi L., Onofri S., Balucani N., Barone V., Benedetti P., Billi D., Balbi A., Brucato J.R., Cobucci-Ponzano B., Costanzo G., Rocca N.L., Moracci M., Saladino R., Vladilo G., Albertini N., Battistuzzi M., Bloino J., Botta L., Casavecchia P., Cassaro A., Claudi R., Cocola L., Coduti A., Di Donato P., Di Mauro E., Dore L., Falcinelli S., Fulle M., Ivanovski S., Lombardi A., Mancini G., Maris M., Maurelli L., Murante G., Negri R., Pacelli C., Pagano I., Piccinino D., Poletto L., Prantera G., Puzzarini C., Rampino S., Ripa C., Rosi M., Sanna M., Selbmann L., Silva L., Skouteris D., Strazzulli A., Tasinato N., Timperio A.M., Tozzi A., Tozzi G.P., Trainotti L., Ugliengo P., Vaccaro L., Zucconi L., Onofri, S., Balucani, N., Barone, V., Benedetti, P., Billi, D., Balbi, A., Brucato, J. R., Cobucci-Ponzano, B., Costanzo, G., Rocca, N. L., Moracci, M., Saladino, R., Vladilo, G., Albertini, N., Battistuzzi, M., Bloino, J., Botta, L., Casavecchia, P., Cassaro, A., Claudi, R., Cocola, L., Coduti, A., Di Donato, P., Di Mauro, E., Dore, L., Falcinelli, S., Fulle, M., Ivanovski, S., Lombardi, A., Mancini, G., Maris, M., Maurelli, L., Murante, G., Negri, R., Pacelli, C., Pagano, I., Piccinino, D., Poletto, L., Prantera, G., Puzzarini, C., Rampino, S., Ripa, C., Rosi, M., Sanna, M., Selbmann, L., Silva, L., Skouteris, D., Strazzulli, A., Tasinato, N., Timperio, A. M., Tozzi, A., Tozzi, G. P., Trainotti, L., Ugliengo, P., Vaccaro, L., and Zucconi, L.

Subjects
life in space-origin, astrobiology, persistence of life in space, from molecules to extremophiles in space, Settore CHIM/02 - Chimica Fisica
Abstract

The Italian National Project of Astrobiology―Life in Space―Origin, Presence, Persistence of Life in Space, from Molecules to Extremophiles A member’s name should be added to the OPPS Project Team: Stavro Ivanovski on page 580 footnotes. We have made this correction on the title page of the article and the eTOC.

Published
2020

11. Fungal communities in European alpine soils are not affected by short-term in situ simulated warming than bacterial communities

Author

Sannino, C, Cannone, N, D'Alo, F, Franzetti, A, Gandolfi, I, Pittino, F, Turchetti, B, Mezzasoma, A, Zucconi, L, Buzzini, P, Guglielmin, M, Onofri, S, Sannino, C, Cannone, N, D'Alo, F, Franzetti, A, Gandolfi, I, Pittino, F, Turchetti, B, Mezzasoma, A, Zucconi, L, Buzzini, P, Guglielmin, M, and Onofri, S

Abstract

The impact of global warming on biological communities colonizing European alpine ecosystems was recently studied. Hexagonal open top chambers (OTCs) were used for simulating a short-term in situ warming (estimated around 1°C) in some alpine soils to predict the impact of ongoing climate change on resident microbial communities. Total microbial DNA was extracted from soils collected either inside or outside the OTCs over 3 years of study. Bacterial and fungal rRNA copies were quantified by qPCR. Metabarcoding sequencing of taxonomy target genes was performed (Illumina MiSeq) and processed by bioinformatic tools. Alpha- and beta-diversity were used to evaluate the structure of bacterial and fungal communities. qPCR suggests that, although fluctuations have been observed between soils collected either inside and outside the OTCs, the simulated warming induced a significant (p < 0.05) shift only for bacterial abundance. Likewise, significant (p < 0.05) changes in bacterial community structure were detected in soils collected inside the OTCs, with a clear increase of oligotrophic taxa. On the contrary, fungal diversity of soils collected either inside and outside the OTCs did not exhibit significant (p < 0.05) differences, suggesting that the temperature increase in OTCs compared to ambient conditions was not sufficient to change fungal communities.

Published
2022

21. Seed germination protocols for three coastal dune plants in central Italy.

Author

Magrini, S., Simόn, A. Alonso, Fiorucci, E., Pennuzzi, E., Superchi, S., and Zucconi, L.

Subjects
COASTAL plants, GERMINATION, LEPIDIUM, SAND dunes, PLANTAGO, GERMPLASM
Abstract

Here, successful germination protocols for the following three coastal dune species are presented: Glaucium flavum, Helichrysum stoechas and Plantago coronopus. It is the first report of germination data for these species in the Italian peninsula. Seeds were collected in coastal dunes along the Tyrrhenian coasts in south Tuscany and north Latium (central Italy). The germination ability was tested at the Tuscia Germplasm Bank (BGT) at constant temperatures (from 5 to 30°C), under both light (with a 12/12h photoperiod) and total darkness. Our results show a high germination ability and germination rate for all the tested species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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23. A systematic way to life detection – combining field, lab and space research in low Earth orbit

Author

de Vera, J. P., Billi, D., Böttger, Ute, Cockell, C., de la Torre, R., Foing, B., Hanke, F., Leuko, Stefan, Martinez-Frias, J., Moeller, Ralf, Olsson-Francis, K., Onofri, S., Rettberg, Petra, Schröder, Susanne, Schulze-Makuch, D., Selbmann, L., Wagner, D., and Zucconi, L.

Subjects
Life detection, field Research, planetary Simulation, space experiments, space exploration
Published
2019

24. Biomarker preservation in Antarctic sandstone after space exposure outside the International Space Station

Author

Cassaro, Alessia, Pacelli, Claudia, Gevi, Federica, Selbmann, Laura, Zucconi, L., Baque, Mickael, Timperio, Annamaria, Böttger, Ute, de Vera, Jean Pierre Paul, and Onofri, Silvano

Subjects
ISS, Leitungsbereich PF, Raman spectroscopy, Fungi, biomarkers, Mars, Terahertz- und Laserspektroskopie, Space exposure experiments
Abstract

Cryptoendolithic microbial communities, discovered in the extremely cold, hyper-arid McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica (Friedmann 1982), the most similar terrestrial environments to Mars surface (Wynn-Williams and Edwards 2000; Onofri et al., 2004), have been considered as a candidate in supporting the search of life in Mars exploration. In such harsh conditions, microorganisms grow in airspaces among mineral grains and show some adaptations, as the accumulation of protective pigments and compatible solutes, assuring their survival. In the frame of the Lichen and Fungi experiment (LIFE, P.I. Silvano Onofri; Onofri et al. 2012, 2015), small samples of these communities, were exposed to space, in the EXPOSE-E facility for 1.5 years, with an exposition to vacuum (10-7 to 10-4 Pa) (Horneck et al., 2010), galactic cosmic radiation (≤190mGy) (Berger et al., 2012), and the full spectrum of solar extraterrestrial electromagnetic radiation to which cryptoendolithic microorganisms demonstrated to survive (Scalzi et al., 2012). The search for trace of extant or extinct life is one of the main goals of the future space mission beyond Earth. The future rover missions ExoMars 2020 (ESA-Roscomos) and Mars 2020 (NASA) are exploring chemical and biological indicators of life, called biomarkers. A good biomarker must have a biogenic origin and thus must unequivocally be identified as possible trace of life. The detection of biomarkers on Mars was the aim of BIOMEX (BIOlogy and Mars Experiment) project, in which has been investigated the alteration of different biomarkers, after exposure to space and Mars-like conditions outside the International Space Station. In this contest, the aim of this work was to characterize fungal biomarkers from these exposed rock samples, with different approaches: i) Raman spectroscopy and InfraRed analyses, which has been considered excellent tools for the detection of inorganic and organic molecules, such as microbial pigments and ii) -omics approaches, as lipidomic and metabolomic techniques, performed to detect biological macromolecules and to determine their stability after space exposure. The focus of lipidomics and metabolomics has been on biomarker discovery, with the aim of identifying metabolites that are correlated with environmental exposures. The results suggest that microbial molecules can be detected through different techniques. In particular, our attention was focused on pigments, such as melanin and carotenoids that maintain their stability also after 1.5 years of space exposure. These results are of importance for the upcoming life-detection missions on Mars finalized for the search for past, extant or extinct life outside the Earth.

Published
2019

29. Draft Genome Sequences of the Antarctic Endolithic Fungi Rachicladosporium antarcticum CCFEE 5527 and Rachicladosporium sp. CCFEE 5018

Author

Coleine, C, Masonjones, S, Selbmann, L, Zucconi, L, Onofri, S, Pacelli, C, and Stajich, JE

Abstract

The draft genome sequences of Rachicladosporium antarcticum CCFEE 5527 and Rachicladosporium sp. CCFEE 5018 are the first sequenced genomes from this genus, which comprises rock-inhabiting fungi. These endolithic strains were isolated from inside rocks collected from the Antarctic Peninsula and Battleship Promontory (McMurdo Dry Valleys), Antarctica, respectively.

Published
2017

30. The BIOMEX space experiment:, biosignatures detected after ground-based Science Verification Tests (SVT) in space and simulated Mars conditions

Author

Onofri, S., Pacelli, C., Selbmann, L., Zucconi, L., Saladino, R., Botta, L., Rabbow, Elke, Boettger, U., and de Vera, J.-P.

Subjects
Strahlenbiologie, Leitungsbereich PF, Mars Experiment (BIOMEX), Institut für Optische Sensorsysteme, space mission EXPOSE-R2
Abstract

The BIOlogy and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX) is part of the European Space Agency (ESA) space mission EXPOSE-R2 in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), aiming to expose microorganisms for 1.5 years to space and simulated Mars-like conditions on the International Space Station (ISS). In preparation of this mission, dried colonies of the Antarctic cryptoendolithic black fungus Cryomyces antarcticus CCFEE 515, grown on Martian and Lunar analogue regolith pellets, were subjected to several ground-based preflight tests, Experiment Verification Tests (EVTs) and Science Verification Tests (SVTs). These tests aimed to verify i) the resistance of our model organism to space stressors when grown on extraterrestrial rock analogues and ii) the possibility to detect biomolecules as potential biosignatures in reference to support the Exomars 2020 mission. Here some results are reported showing the outcome of the SVTs, the last set of experiments, where the effect of UV radiation was analyzed if combined with simulated space vacuum or simulated Mars-like conditions. The analyses performed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry showed the presence of fungal metabolites, as azelaic acid, that remain unaltered after the different expositions and treatments. In addition first results of Raman Spectroscopy analysis on melanin will be presented. Further investigation is necessary to derive the appropriate parameter set for Raman spectroscopy of melanin. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations showed different results in preservation of cell’s ultrastructure.

Published
2017

31. Notes for genera: Ascomycota

Author

Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Hyde, K.D., Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Hawksworth, D.L., Madrid, H., Kirk, P.M., Braun, U., Singh, R.V., Crous, P. W., Kukwa, M., Lücking, R., Kurtzman, Cletus P., Yurkov, A., Haelewaters, D., Aptroot, A., Thorsten Lumbsch, H., Timdal, E., Ertz, D., Etayo, Javier, Phillips, Alan J. L., Groenewald, J. Z., Papizadeh, M., Selbmann, Laura, Dayarathne, Monika C., Weerakoon, G., Gareth Jones, E.B., Suetrong, S., Tian, Q., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Bahkali, A.H., Pang, K.L., Tanaka, K., Dai, Dong Qin, Sakayaroj, J., Hujslová, M., Lombard, L., Shenoy, B.D., Suija, A., Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Thambugala, K.M., Wanasinghe, D.N., Sharma, B.O., Gaikwad, S., Pandit, G., Zucconi, L., Onofri, Silvano, Egidi, E., Raja, H.A., Kodsueb, R., Pérez-Ortega, Sergio, Prieto, M., Quijada, L., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Hyde, K.D., Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Hawksworth, D.L., Madrid, H., Kirk, P.M., Braun, U., Singh, R.V., Crous, P. W., Kukwa, M., Lücking, R., Kurtzman, Cletus P., Yurkov, A., Haelewaters, D., Aptroot, A., Thorsten Lumbsch, H., Timdal, E., Ertz, D., Etayo, Javier, Phillips, Alan J. L., Groenewald, J. Z., Papizadeh, M., Selbmann, Laura, Dayarathne, Monika C., Weerakoon, G., Gareth Jones, E.B., Suetrong, S., Tian, Q., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Bahkali, A.H., Pang, K.L., Tanaka, K., Dai, Dong Qin, Sakayaroj, J., Hujslová, M., Lombard, L., Shenoy, B.D., Suija, A., Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Thambugala, K.M., Wanasinghe, D.N., Sharma, B.O., Gaikwad, S., Pandit, G., Zucconi, L., Onofri, Silvano, Egidi, E., Raja, H.A., Kodsueb, R., Pérez-Ortega, Sergio, Prieto, M., and Quijada, L.

Abstract

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10-15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of ‘Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’ in 2008 are provided. The notes include the number of accepted species, classification, type species (with location of the type material), culture availability, life-styles, distribution, and selected publications that have appeared since 2008. This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the “Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi” published in 2013, which will be developed into a list of protected generic names. This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists, and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis, Collophora (as Collophorina), Cryomyces, Dematiopleospora, Heterospora (as Heterosporicola), Lithophila, Palmomyces (as Palmaria) and Saxomyces are validated, as are two previously invalid family names, Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae. Four species of L

Published
2017

32. Seed banking of terrestrial orchids: evaluation of seed quality in Anacamptis following 4‐year dry storage.

Author

Magrini, S., De Vitis, M., Torelli, D., Santi, L., Zucconi, L., and Pritchard, H.

Subjects
PLANT gene banks, SEED quality, GERMINATION, SEED viability, ORCHIDS, SEED storage
Abstract

Good‐quality dry seeds of some orchids have the potential to survive for decades under conventional seed bank conditions, but further research is needed to fill existing gaps in knowledge regarding seed behaviour under long‐term dry storage. The objectives of this study were to evaluate germination ability on two asymbiotic culture media with different nitrogen source; to assess seed desiccation tolerance needed for the storage at sub‐zero temperatures; and to study the effects of dry storage at low temperature.Asymbiotic seed germination tests of four Anacamptis species were carried out to evaluate the effects of different culture media, dehydration and dry storage on germination ability. Viability of 4‐year‐stored seeds was assessed by means of the tetrazolium test.Generalised linear model (GLM) analysis detected significant effects (P < 0.01) of the species, medium and storage time on total germination, while dehydration did not significantly affect it. Except for A. palustris, germination percentage was minimum after 1‐month storage and increased with longer storage periods. Tetrazolium viability tests detected high percentages of viable seed (>90%) following 4‐year storage in three out of four species.Seeds of the four Anacamptis species proved to be desiccation tolerant and have orthodox storage behaviour. The consequence of these findings is of interest to practical conservation approaches for orchids in seed‐banking. The results highlight the importance of multiple assessments of seed quality, both viability and germination, to understand seed storage behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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33. BIOMEX: Three different steps to approach a systematic determination of habitats and stable biosignatures in space- and Mars-like environments

Author

de Vera, Jean Pierre Paul, Böttger, Ute, Lorek, Andreas, Wolter, D., Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm, de la Torre Noetzel, R., Sánchez Iñigo, F.J., Billi, D., Baqué, M., Verseux, C., Rettberg, Petra, Rabbow, Elke, Panitz, C., Reitz, G., Berger, T., Möller, R., Bohmeier, M., Leuko, S., Horneck, G., Westall, F., Jänchen, J., Fritz, J., Meyer, C., Onofri, S., Selbmann, L., Zucconi, L., Pacelli, C., Kozyrovska, N., Leya, T., Foing, B., Demets, R., Cockell, C.S., Bryce, C., Olsson-Francis, K., Wagner, D., Serrano, P., Edwards, H.G.M., Joshi, J., Huwe, B., Grossniklaus, U., Rövekamp, M., Ehrenfreund, P., Elsaesser, A., Schulze-Makuch, D., Feyh, N., Szewzyk, U., Ott, S., and Meessen, J.

Subjects
Strahlenbiologie, Mars analog field research, BIOMEX, biosignatures, Experimentelle Planetenphysik, space experiments, Mars simulation
Abstract

BIOMEX (Biology and Mars Experiment) is a space experiment on the exposure platform EXPOSER2 launched by the Progress 56 mission on 24 July and placed on the outer side of the Russian Zvezda Module of the International Space Station (ISS). Twenty-five international institutes are working together and sharing different methods, planetary simulation facilities, and logistics to obtain information about the vitality of the tested microorganisms and the stability of biomolecules as possible biosignatures. This experiment comprises three investigational steps from the field to space: (i) field work with sample collection and habitat characterization at field sites with or without Mars analogy, (ii) Mars simulation experiments in the lab and (iii) exposure to real space conditions. For the second and third steps some of the microorganisms and bio-molecules are embedded in Marsanalog regolith mixtures, placed in compartments enriched with Mars-like CO 2 -atmosphere and exposed to solar irradiation levels approaching those affecting the surface of Mars to test habitability on Mars, as well as the ability to detect the selected, Mars-exposed bio-molecules. One of the aims of this experiment is to investigate the specific bio-related spectra of resistant molecules obtained by fluorescence analysis, Raman-spectroscopy, IR- and UV/VIS spectrometry before and after simulated and real space exposure. The obtained database of stable bio-molecules will support future exploration missions to Mars whose main goal is the search for life.

Published
2014

34. Black yeasts in cold habitats

Author

Selbmann, L., de Hoog, G.S., Zucconi, L., Isola, D., Onofri, S., Buzzini, B., Margesin, E., and Evolutionary Biology (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
Ecological amplitude, Habitat, Ecology, Ecology (disciplines), Cold adaptation, Isolation procedures, Biodiversity, Identification (biology), Biology, Slow growth
Abstract

Black yeasts have already been known since the end of the nineteenth century, but for a number of reasons, only few workers were familiar with them. That was since recently, until the wealth of biodiversity, stunning ecologies and potential applications have become apparent. Some remote and extreme locations, such as mountain tops, glaciers or polar areas, are now being investigated by mycologists. Many rock-colonizing fungi have been interpreted for long time as blackish fly-ash particles or dust on marble monuments or buildings. Black yeasts are easily overlooked in routine studies due to their very slow growth and poor competitive abilities. With the improvement isolation procedures, it has become clear that black yeasts are actually much more common and widespread than previously believed. Identification was hampered by their morphological plasticity, until molecular techniques became a routine approach in fungal systematic. In this chapter, the authors aim to give an overview of all the aspects concerning this unconventional group of fungi, from their peculiar ecology to their wide spectrum of biodiversity. Understanding about their ecological amplitude arose from impressive efforts in sampling remote habitats and concomitant sequencing activity during the last two decades.

Published
2014

35. Checklist dei funghi italiani Basidiomycetes, Basidiomycota

Author

ONOFRI S, BERNICCHIA A, FILIPELLO MARCHISIO V, PADOVAN F, PERINI C, RIPA C, SALERNI E, SAVINO E, VENTURELLA, Giuseppe, VIZZINI A, ZOTTI M, ZUCCONI L., ONOFRI S, BERNICCHIA A, FILIPELLO MARCHISIO V, PADOVAN F, PERINI C, RIPA C, SALERNI E, SAVINO E, VENTURELLA G, VIZZINI A, ZOTTI M, and ZUCCONI L

Subjects
Funghi, biologia, Settore BIO/02 - Botanica Sistematica
Abstract

Il volume contiene l'elenco di 4.198 specie, sottospecie, varietà e forme fungine, segnalate nelle regioni italiane, corredato per ogni entità di fonte nomenclaturale, sinonimi, criticità, endemicità, esoticità, rarità, riferimenti legislativi, distribuzione nelle Regioni e bibliografia, comprendente le fonti delle segnalazioni e nomenclaturali.

Published
2005

36. Funghi

Author

ONOFRI S, BERNICCHIA A, FILIPELLO MARCHISIO V, PERINI C, VENTURELLA, Giuseppe, ZUCCONI L, RIPA C., BLASI, C, BOITANI, L, LA POSTA, S, MANES, F, MARCHETTI, M, ONOFRI S, BERNICCHIA A, FILIPELLO MARCHISIO V, PERINI C, VENTURELLA G, ZUCCONI L, and RIPA C

Subjects
Settore BIO/02 - Botanica Sistematica, funghi
Abstract

Stato della biodiversità in Italia

Published
2005

37. Il Progetto 'Check-list dei Funghi Italiani': dalla lista annotata alla Banca Dati

Author

Onofri, S., Ripa, C., Bernicchia, A., Marchisio, Valeria, Padovan, F., Perini, C., Venturella, G., Zucconi, L., Buratti, C., Saitta, A., Salerni, E., Savino, E., Vizzini, Alfredo, Zotti, M., ONOFRI S, RIPA C, BERNICCHIA A, FILIPELLO MARCHISIO V, PADOVAN F, PERINI C, VENTURELLA G, ZUCCONI L, BURATTI C, SAITTA A, SALERNI E, SAVINO E, VIZZINI A, and ZOTTI M

Published
2005

40. Drought meets acid: three new genera in a Dothidealean clade of extremotolerant fungi

Author

Selbmann, L, DE HOOG, G. S., GERRITS VAN DEN ENDE, A. H. G., Ruibal, C, DE LEO, Filomena, Zucconi, L, Isola, D, Ruisi, S, Urzi', Clara Enza, Onofri, S., and Evolutionary Biology (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
Plant Science, Biology, phylogeny, taxonomy, Phylogenetics, Genus, Botany, extremotolerance, Teratosphaeriaceae, Lichen, Clade, lichens, Acidophilic fungi, Acidophilic fungi, Antarctica, black fungi, extremotolerance, halophilic fungi, ITS, lichens, phylogeny, rock-inhabiting fungi, SSU, taxonomy, SSU, Articles, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), rock-inhabiting fungi, Taxon, halophilic fungi, Hortaea werneckii, Antarctica, Taxonomy (biology), ITS, black fungi
Abstract

Fungal strains isolated from rocks and lichens collected in the Antarctic ice-free area of the Victoria Land, one of the coldest and driest habitats on earth, were found in two phylogenetically isolated positions within the subclass Dothideomycetidae. They are here reported as new genera and species, Recurvomyces mirabilis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Elasticomyces elasticus gen. nov., sp. nov. The nearest neighbours within the clades were other rock-inhabiting fungi from dry environments, either cold or hot. Plant-associated Mycosphaerella-like species, known as invaders of leathery leaves in semi-arid climates, are also phylogenetically related with the new taxa. The clusters are also related to the halophilic species Hortaea werneckii, as well as to acidophilic fungi. One of the latter, able to grow at pH 0, is Scytalidium acidophilum, which is ascribed here to the newly validated genus Acidomyces. The ecological implications of this finding are discussed.Taxonomic novelties: Recurvomyces Selbmann & de Hoog, gen. nov.; Recurvomyces mirabilis Selbmann & de Hoog, sp. nov.; Elasticomyces Zucconi & Selbmann, gen. nov.; Elasticomyces elasticus Zucconi & Selbmann, sp. nov.; Acidomyces Selbmann, de Hoog & De Leo, gen. nov.; Acidomyces acidophilus (Sigler & J.W. Carmich.) Selbmann, de Hoog & De Leo, comb. nov.

Published
2008

44. Checklist of Italian fungi

Author

Onofri, S., Bernicchia, A., Filipello, V., Padovan, F., Perini, C, Ripa, C., Salerni, E., Savino, E., Venturella, G., Vizzini, A., Zotti, Mirca, and Zucconi, L.

Published
2005

45. Funghi

Author

Onofri, S., Bernicchia, A., FILIPELLO MARCHISIO, V., Perini, Claudia, Venturella, G., Zucconi, L., and Ripa, C.

Published
2005

49. Isolation and screening of black fungi as degraders of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons

Author

Isola, D., Selbmann, L., de Hoog, G.S., Fenice, M., Onofri, S., Prenafeta-Boldu, F.X., Zucconi, L., Isola, D., Selbmann, L., de Hoog, G.S., Fenice, M., Onofri, S., Prenafeta-Boldu, F.X., and Zucconi, L.

Abstract

Black fungi reported as degraders of volatile aromatic compounds were isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted sites and indoor environments. Several of the species encountered are known opportunistic pathogens or are closely related to pathogenic species causing severe mycoses, among which are neurological infections in immunocompetent individuals. Given the scale of the problem of environmental pollution and the phylogenetic relation of aromate-degrading black fungi with pathogenic siblings, it is of great interest to select strains able to mineralize these substrates efficiently without any risk for public health. Fifty-six black strains were obtained from human-made environments rich in hydrocarbons (gasoline car tanks, washing machine soap dispensers) after enrichment with some phenolic intermediates of toluene and styrene fungal metabolism. Based on ITS sequencing identification, the majority of the obtained isolates were members of the genus Exophiala. Exophiala xenobiotica was found to be the dominant black yeast present in the car gasoline tanks. A higher biodiversity, with three Exophiala species, was found in soap dispensers of washing machines. Strains obtained were screened using a 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) assay, optimized for black fungi, to assess their potential ability to degrade toluene. Seven out of twenty strains tested were able to use toluene as carbon source., Black fungi reported as degraders of volatile aromatic compounds were isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted sites and indoor environments. Several of the species encountered are known opportunistic pathogens or are closely related to pathogenic species causing severe mycoses, among which are neurological infections in immunocompetent individuals. Given the scale of the problem of environmental pollution and the phylogenetic relation of aromate-degrading black fungi with pathogenic siblings, it is of great interest to select strains able to mineralize these substrates efficiently without any risk for public health. Fifty-six black strains were obtained from human-made environments rich in hydrocarbons (gasoline car tanks, washing machine soap dispensers) after enrichment with some phenolic intermediates of toluene and styrene fungal metabolism. Based on ITS sequencing identification, the majority of the obtained isolates were members of the genus Exophiala. Exophiala xenobiotica was found to be the dominant black yeast present in the car gasoline tanks. A higher biodiversity, with three Exophiala species, was found in soap dispensers of washing machines. Strains obtained were screened using a 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) assay, optimized for black fungi, to assess their potential ability to degrade toluene. Seven out of twenty strains tested were able to use toluene as carbon source.

Published
2013

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