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2. The rapid spread of SARS-COV-2 Omicron variant in Italy reflected early through wastewater surveillance

Author

La Rosa, G, Iaconelli, M, Veneri, C, Mancini, P, Bonanno Ferraro, G, Brandtner, D, Lucentini, L, Bonadonna, L, Rossi, M, Grigioni, M, Suffredini, E, Bucciarelli, G, Torlontano, P, Aprea, G, La Bianca, M, Cifarelli, R, Palma, A, La Vecchia, G, Lauria, G, Brienza, R, Montenegro, P, D'Argenzio, A, Cossentino, L, Olivares, R, Pizzolante, A, Fusco, G, Tosco, A, Porta, A, Pennino, F, Maria, T, Angelini, P, De Lellis, L, Nasci, D, Alborali, G, Formenti, N, Guarneri, F, Fontani, N, Nani, G, Palumbo, F, Borlone, G, Guercio, M, Gentili, L, Mariuz, M, Trani, G, Pariani, A, Ancona, C, Giorgi, D, Ferrante, I, Monfrinotti, M, Riosa, S, Capparuccini, V, Scicluna, M, Cersini, A, Arizzi, M, Cecchini, G, Ottaviano, C, Nicosia, E, Grasselli, E, Allaria, G, Izzotti, A, Rosatto, S, Ammoni, E, Cereda, D, Losio, M, Bertasi, B, Aliscioni, A, Oliva, D, Castiglioni, S, Schiarea, S, Zuccato, E, Antonelli, M, Azzellino, A, Malpei, F, Turolla, A, Binda, S, Laura, P, Primache, V, Cocuzza, C, Franzetti, A, Bertanza, G, Callegari, M, Bolognini, L, Filippetti, F, Paniccia', M, Ciuti, F, Briscolini, S, Magi, S, Colitti, M, Montanaro, C, Cerroni, M, Griglio, B, Berruti, R, Cravero, M, Costa, A, Bianchi, M, Decastelli, L, Romano, A, Zuccon, F, Carraro, E, Pignata, C, Bonetta, S, Di Vittorio, G, Mongelli, O, De Giglio, O, Apollonio, F, Triggiano, F, Montagna, M, Ungaro, N, Palermo, M, Maida, C, Mazzucco, W, De Grazia, S, Giammanco, G, Purpari, G, Ferrante, M, Agodi, A, Barchitta, M, Cala', P, Carducci, A, Verani, M, Federigi, I, Lauretani, G, Muzio, S, Ramazzotti, M, Antonelli, A, Ricci, E, Santoro, G, Federici, E, Petricciuolo, M, Barigelli, S, Ruffier, M, Borney, F, Grange, E, Damasco, F, Russo, F, Pitter, G, Groppi, V, Rigoli, F, Zampini, M, Baldovin, T, Amoruso, I, Mengon, E, Cadonna, M, Postinghel, M, Pizzo, F, Schiavuzzi, A, Cutrupi, F, Foladori, P, Manara, S, Zago, L, Stenico, A, Prast, A, La Rosa G., Iaconelli M., Veneri C., Mancini P., Bonanno Ferraro G., Brandtner D., Lucentini L., Bonadonna L., Rossi M., Grigioni M., Suffredini E., Bucciarelli G., Torlontano P., Aprea G., La Bianca M., Cifarelli R. A., Palma A., La Vecchia G., Lauria G., Brienza R., Montenegro P., D'Argenzio A., Cossentino L., Olivares R., Pizzolante A., Fusco G., Tosco A., Porta A., Pennino F., Maria T., Angelini P., De Lellis L., Nasci D., Alborali G., Formenti N., Guarneri F., Fontani N., Nani G., Palumbo F., Borlone G., Guercio M., Gentili L., Mariuz M., Trani G., Pariani A., Ancona C., Giorgi D. A., Ferrante I., Monfrinotti M., Riosa S., Capparuccini V., Scicluna M. T., Cersini A., Arizzi M., Cecchini G., Ottaviano C., Nicosia E., Grasselli E., Allaria G., Izzotti A., Rosatto S., Ammoni E., Cereda D., Losio M. N., Bertasi B., Aliscioni A., Oliva D., Castiglioni S., Schiarea S., Zuccato E., Antonelli M., Azzellino A., Malpei F., Turolla A., Binda S., Laura P., Primache V., Cocuzza C., Franzetti A., Bertanza G., Callegari M. L., Bolognini L., Filippetti F., Paniccia' M., Ciuti F., Briscolini S., Magi S., Colitti M., Montanaro C., Cerroni M. G., Griglio B., Berruti R., Cravero M., Costa A., Bianchi M., Decastelli L., Romano A., Zuccon F., Carraro E., Pignata C., Bonetta S., Di Vittorio G., Mongelli O., De Giglio O., Apollonio F., Triggiano F., Montagna M. T., Ungaro N., Palermo M., Maida C. M., Mazzucco W., De Grazia S., Giammanco G., Purpari G., Ferrante M., Agodi A., Barchitta M., Cala' P., Carducci A., Verani M., Federigi I., Lauretani G., Muzio S., Ramazzotti M., Antonelli A., Ricci E., Santoro G., Federici E., Petricciuolo M., Barigelli S., Ruffier M., Borney F., Grange E., Damasco F., Russo F., Pitter G., Groppi V., Rigoli F., Zampini M., Baldovin T., Amoruso I., Mengon E., Cadonna M., Postinghel M., Pizzo F., Schiavuzzi A., Cutrupi F., Foladori P., Manara S., Zago L., Stenico A., Prast A. -M., La Rosa, G, Iaconelli, M, Veneri, C, Mancini, P, Bonanno Ferraro, G, Brandtner, D, Lucentini, L, Bonadonna, L, Rossi, M, Grigioni, M, Suffredini, E, Bucciarelli, G, Torlontano, P, Aprea, G, La Bianca, M, Cifarelli, R, Palma, A, La Vecchia, G, Lauria, G, Brienza, R, Montenegro, P, D'Argenzio, A, Cossentino, L, Olivares, R, Pizzolante, A, Fusco, G, Tosco, A, Porta, A, Pennino, F, Maria, T, Angelini, P, De Lellis, L, Nasci, D, Alborali, G, Formenti, N, Guarneri, F, Fontani, N, Nani, G, Palumbo, F, Borlone, G, Guercio, M, Gentili, L, Mariuz, M, Trani, G, Pariani, A, Ancona, C, Giorgi, D, Ferrante, I, Monfrinotti, M, Riosa, S, Capparuccini, V, Scicluna, M, Cersini, A, Arizzi, M, Cecchini, G, Ottaviano, C, Nicosia, E, Grasselli, E, Allaria, G, Izzotti, A, Rosatto, S, Ammoni, E, Cereda, D, Losio, M, Bertasi, B, Aliscioni, A, Oliva, D, Castiglioni, S, Schiarea, S, Zuccato, E, Antonelli, M, Azzellino, A, Malpei, F, Turolla, A, Binda, S, Laura, P, Primache, V, Cocuzza, C, Franzetti, A, Bertanza, G, Callegari, M, Bolognini, L, Filippetti, F, Paniccia', M, Ciuti, F, Briscolini, S, Magi, S, Colitti, M, Montanaro, C, Cerroni, M, Griglio, B, Berruti, R, Cravero, M, Costa, A, Bianchi, M, Decastelli, L, Romano, A, Zuccon, F, Carraro, E, Pignata, C, Bonetta, S, Di Vittorio, G, Mongelli, O, De Giglio, O, Apollonio, F, Triggiano, F, Montagna, M, Ungaro, N, Palermo, M, Maida, C, Mazzucco, W, De Grazia, S, Giammanco, G, Purpari, G, Ferrante, M, Agodi, A, Barchitta, M, Cala', P, Carducci, A, Verani, M, Federigi, I, Lauretani, G, Muzio, S, Ramazzotti, M, Antonelli, A, Ricci, E, Santoro, G, Federici, E, Petricciuolo, M, Barigelli, S, Ruffier, M, Borney, F, Grange, E, Damasco, F, Russo, F, Pitter, G, Groppi, V, Rigoli, F, Zampini, M, Baldovin, T, Amoruso, I, Mengon, E, Cadonna, M, Postinghel, M, Pizzo, F, Schiavuzzi, A, Cutrupi, F, Foladori, P, Manara, S, Zago, L, Stenico, A, Prast, A, La Rosa G., Iaconelli M., Veneri C., Mancini P., Bonanno Ferraro G., Brandtner D., Lucentini L., Bonadonna L., Rossi M., Grigioni M., Suffredini E., Bucciarelli G., Torlontano P., Aprea G., La Bianca M., Cifarelli R. A., Palma A., La Vecchia G., Lauria G., Brienza R., Montenegro P., D'Argenzio A., Cossentino L., Olivares R., Pizzolante A., Fusco G., Tosco A., Porta A., Pennino F., Maria T., Angelini P., De Lellis L., Nasci D., Alborali G., Formenti N., Guarneri F., Fontani N., Nani G., Palumbo F., Borlone G., Guercio M., Gentili L., Mariuz M., Trani G., Pariani A., Ancona C., Giorgi D. A., Ferrante I., Monfrinotti M., Riosa S., Capparuccini V., Scicluna M. T., Cersini A., Arizzi M., Cecchini G., Ottaviano C., Nicosia E., Grasselli E., Allaria G., Izzotti A., Rosatto S., Ammoni E., Cereda D., Losio M. N., Bertasi B., Aliscioni A., Oliva D., Castiglioni S., Schiarea S., Zuccato E., Antonelli M., Azzellino A., Malpei F., Turolla A., Binda S., Laura P., Primache V., Cocuzza C., Franzetti A., Bertanza G., Callegari M. L., Bolognini L., Filippetti F., Paniccia' M., Ciuti F., Briscolini S., Magi S., Colitti M., Montanaro C., Cerroni M. G., Griglio B., Berruti R., Cravero M., Costa A., Bianchi M., Decastelli L., Romano A., Zuccon F., Carraro E., Pignata C., Bonetta S., Di Vittorio G., Mongelli O., De Giglio O., Apollonio F., Triggiano F., Montagna M. T., Ungaro N., Palermo M., Maida C. M., Mazzucco W., De Grazia S., Giammanco G., Purpari G., Ferrante M., Agodi A., Barchitta M., Cala' P., Carducci A., Verani M., Federigi I., Lauretani G., Muzio S., Ramazzotti M., Antonelli A., Ricci E., Santoro G., Federici E., Petricciuolo M., Barigelli S., Ruffier M., Borney F., Grange E., Damasco F., Russo F., Pitter G., Groppi V., Rigoli F., Zampini M., Baldovin T., Amoruso I., Mengon E., Cadonna M., Postinghel M., Pizzo F., Schiavuzzi A., Cutrupi F., Foladori P., Manara S., Zago L., Stenico A., and Prast A. -M.

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged in South Africa in November 2021, and has later been identified worldwide, raising serious concerns. A real-time RT-PCR assay was designed for the rapid screening of the Omicron variant, targeting characteristic mutations of the spike gene. The assay was used to test 737 sewage samples collected throughout Italy (19/21 Regions) between 11 November and 25 December 2021, with the aim of assessing the spread of the Omicron variant in the country. Positive samples were also tested with a real-time RT-PCR developed by the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), and through nested RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Overall, 115 samples tested positive for Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant. The first occurrence was detected on 7 December, in Veneto, North Italy. Later on, the variant spread extremely fast in three weeks, with prevalence of positive wastewater samples rising from 1.0% (1/104 samples) in the week 5–11 December, to 17.5% (25/143 samples) in the week 12–18, to 65.9% (89/135 samples) in the week 19–25, in line with the increase in cases of infection with the Omicron variant observed during December in Italy. Similarly, the number of Regions/Autonomous Provinces in which the variant was detected increased from one in the first week, to 11 in the second, and to 17 in the last one. The presence of the Omicron variant was confirmed by the JRC real-time RT-PCR in 79.1% (91/115) of the positive samples, and by Sanger sequencing in 66% (64/97) of PCR amplicons. In conclusion, we designed an RT-qPCR assay capable to detect the Omicron variant, which can be successfully used for the purpose of wastewater-based epidemiology. We also described the history of the introduction and diffusion of the Omicron variant in the Italian population and territory, confirming the effectiveness of sewage monitoring as a powerful surveillance tool.

Published
2022

9. One planet: one health. A call to support the initiative on a global science–policy body on chemicals and waste

Author

Brack, W., Culleres, D.B., Boxall, A.B.A., Budzinski, H., Castiglioni, S., Covaci, A., Dulio, V., Escher, B.I., Fantke, P., Kandie, F., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Hernández, F.J., Hilscherová, K., Hollender, J., Hollert, H., Jahnke, A., Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Khan, S.J., Kortenkamp, A., Kümmerer, K., Lalonde, B., Lamoree, M.H., Levi, Y., Martín, P.A.L., Montagner, C.C., Mougin, C., Msagati, T., Oehlmann, J., Posthuma, L., Reid, M., Reinhard, M., Richardson, S.D., Rostkowski, P., Schymanski, E., Schneider, F., Slobodnik, J., Shibata, Y., Snyder, S.A., Sodré, F. Fabriz, Teodorovic, I., Thomas, K.V., Umbuzeiro, G.A., Viet, P.H., Yew-Hoong, K.G., Zhang, Xiaowei, Zuccato, E., Brack, W., Culleres, D.B., Boxall, A.B.A., Budzinski, H., Castiglioni, S., Covaci, A., Dulio, V., Escher, B.I., Fantke, P., Kandie, F., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Hernández, F.J., Hilscherová, K., Hollender, J., Hollert, H., Jahnke, A., Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Khan, S.J., Kortenkamp, A., Kümmerer, K., Lalonde, B., Lamoree, M.H., Levi, Y., Martín, P.A.L., Montagner, C.C., Mougin, C., Msagati, T., Oehlmann, J., Posthuma, L., Reid, M., Reinhard, M., Richardson, S.D., Rostkowski, P., Schymanski, E., Schneider, F., Slobodnik, J., Shibata, Y., Snyder, S.A., Sodré, F. Fabriz, Teodorovic, I., Thomas, K.V., Umbuzeiro, G.A., Viet, P.H., Yew-Hoong, K.G., Zhang, Xiaowei, and Zuccato, E.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 252561.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2022

10. One planet: one health. A call to support the initiative on a global science–policy body on chemicals and waste

Author

Brack, Werner, Barcelo Culleres, D., Boxall, A.B.A., Budzinski, H., Castiglioni, S., Covaci, A., Dulio, V., Escher, Beate, Fantke, P., Kandie, F., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Hernández, F.J., Hilscherová, K., Hollender, J., Hollert, H., Jahnke, Annika, Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Khan, S.J., Kortenkamp, A., Kümmerer, K., Lalonde, B., Lamoree, M.H., Levi, Y., Lara Martín, P.A., Montagner, C.C., Mougin, C., Msagati, T., Oehlmann, J., Posthuma, L., Reid, M., Reinhardt, M., Richardson, S.D., Rostkowski, P., Schymanski, E., Schneider, F., Slobodnik, J., Shibata, Y., Snyder, S.A., Sodré, F.F., Teodorovic, I., Thomas, K.V., Umbuzeiro, G.A., Viet, P.H., Yew-Hoong, K.G., Zhang, X., Zuccato, E., Brack, Werner, Barcelo Culleres, D., Boxall, A.B.A., Budzinski, H., Castiglioni, S., Covaci, A., Dulio, V., Escher, Beate, Fantke, P., Kandie, F., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Hernández, F.J., Hilscherová, K., Hollender, J., Hollert, H., Jahnke, Annika, Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Khan, S.J., Kortenkamp, A., Kümmerer, K., Lalonde, B., Lamoree, M.H., Levi, Y., Lara Martín, P.A., Montagner, C.C., Mougin, C., Msagati, T., Oehlmann, J., Posthuma, L., Reid, M., Reinhardt, M., Richardson, S.D., Rostkowski, P., Schymanski, E., Schneider, F., Slobodnik, J., Shibata, Y., Snyder, S.A., Sodré, F.F., Teodorovic, I., Thomas, K.V., Umbuzeiro, G.A., Viet, P.H., Yew-Hoong, K.G., Zhang, X., and Zuccato, E.

Abstract

The chemical pollution crisis severely threatens human and environmental health globally. To tacklethis challenge the establishment of an overarching international science-policy body has recently beensuggested. We strongly support this initiative based on the awareness that humanity has already likelyleft the safe operating space within planetary boundaries for novel entities including chemicalpollution. Immediate action is essential and needs to be informed by sound scientific knowledge anddata compiled and critically evaluated by an overarching science-policy interface body. Majorchallenges for such a body are (i) to foster global knowledge production on exposure, impacts andgovernance going beyond data-rich regions (e.g., Europe and North America), (ii) to cover the entiretyof hazardous chemicals, mixtures and wastes, (iii) to follow a one-health perspective considering therisks posed by chemicals and waste on ecosystem and human health, (iv) and to strive for solutionorientedassessments based on systems thinking. Based on multiple evidence on urgent action on aglobal scale, we call scientists and practitioners to mobilize their scientific networks and to intensifyscience-policy interaction with national governments to support the negotiations on the establishmentof an intergovernmental body based on scientific knowledge explaining the anticipated benefit forhuman and environmental health.

Published
2022

12. Perceived risk of cancer in Italy

Author

La Vecchia, C, Anelli, M, Zuccato, E, Fanelli, R, Fioretti, F, Sermeus, G, Valdicelli, L, and Milazzo, N

Published
1999

14. Spatio-temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring

Author

González-Mariño, I. Baz-Lomba, J.A. Alygizakis, N.A. Andrés-Costa, M.J. Bade, R. Bannwarth, A. Barron, L.P. Been, F. Benaglia, L. Berset, J.-D. Bijlsma, L. Bodík, I. Brenner, A. Brock, A.L. Burgard, D.A. Castrignanò, E. Celma, A. Christophoridis, C.E. Covaci, A. Delémont, O. Devoogt, P. Devault, D.A. Dias, M.J. Emke, E. Esseiva, P. Fatta-Kassinos, D. Fedorova, G. Fytianos, K. Gerber, C. Grabic, R. Gracia-Lor, E. Grüner, S. Gunnar, T. Hapeshi, E. Heath, E. Helm, B. Hernández, F. Kankaanpaa, A. Karolak, S. Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. Krizman-Matasic, I. Lai, F.Y. Lechowicz, W. Lopes, A. de Alda, M.L. López-García, E. Löve, A.S.C. Mastroianni, N. McEneff, G.L. Montes, R. Munro, K. Nefau, T. Oberacher, H. O’brien, J.W. Oertel, R. Olafsdottir, K. Picó, Y. Plósz, B.G. Polesel, F. Postigo, C. Quintana, J.B. Ramin, P. Reid, M.J. Rice, J. Rodil, R. Salgueiro-Gonzàlez, N. Schubert, S. Senta, I. Simões, S.M. Sremacki, M.M. Styszko, K. Terzic, S. Thomaidis, N.S. Thomas, K.V. Tscharke, B.J. Udrisard, R. van Nuijs, A.L.N. Yargeau, V. Zuccato, E. Castiglioni, S. Ort, C.

Abstract

Background and aims: Wastewater-based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population-normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011–17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data. Design: Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017. Setting and Participants: Catchment areas of 143 wastewater treatment plants in 120 cities in 37 countries. Measurements: Parent substances (amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA) and the metabolites of cocaine (benzoylecgonine) and of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) were measured in wastewater using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Daily mass loads (mg/day) were normalized to catchment population (mg/1000 people/day) and converted to the number of combined doses consumed per day. Spatial differences were assessed world-wide, and temporal trends were discerned at European level by comparing 2011–13 drug loads versus 2014–17 loads. Findings: Benzoylecgonine was the stimulant metabolite detected at higher loads in southern and western Europe, and amphetamine, MDMA and methamphetamine in East and North–Central Europe. In other continents, methamphetamine showed the highest levels in the United States and Australia and benzoylecgonine in South America. During the reporting period, benzoylecgonine loads increased in general across Europe, amphetamine and methamphetamine levels fluctuated and MDMA underwent an intermittent upsurge. Conclusions: The analysis of wastewater to quantify drug loads provides near real-time drug use estimates that globally correspond to prevalence and seizure data. © 2019 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction

Published
2020

15. Use of legal and illegal substances in Malé (Republic of Maldives) assessed by wastewater analysis

Author

Fallati, L, Castiglioni, S, Galli, P, Riva, F, Gracia-Lor, E, González-Mariño, I, Rousis, N, Mohamed, S, Messa, M, Strepparava, M, Vai, M, Zuccato, E, Fallati, Luca, Castiglioni, Sara, Galli, Paolo, Riva, Francesco, Gracia-Lor, Emma, González-Mariño, Iria, Rousis, Nikolaos I., SHIFAH, MOHAMED, Messa, Maria Cristina, Strepparava, Maria Grazia, Vai, Marina, Zuccato, Ettore, Fallati, L, Castiglioni, S, Galli, P, Riva, F, Gracia-Lor, E, González-Mariño, I, Rousis, N, Mohamed, S, Messa, M, Strepparava, M, Vai, M, Zuccato, E, Fallati, Luca, Castiglioni, Sara, Galli, Paolo, Riva, Francesco, Gracia-Lor, Emma, González-Mariño, Iria, Rousis, Nikolaos I., SHIFAH, MOHAMED, Messa, Maria Cristina, Strepparava, Maria Grazia, Vai, Marina, and Zuccato, Ettore

Abstract

This study used wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to investigate the lifestyle of the inhabitants of Malé, the capital of the Republic of Maldives. Raw wastewater 12-h composite samples were collected from nine pumping stations serving the city area - thus representative of the whole Malé population. Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for estimating the profile of use of a large number of substances including illicit drugs, alcohol, caffeine, tobacco and pharmaceuticals. The illicit drugs most used were cannabis (THC) and heroin (700 and 18 g/day), with lower consumption of cocaine and amphetamines (0.1–1.2 g/day). It is important to note that the consumption of cannabis in Malé was comparable to that measured in other countries, while the consumption of heroin was higher. Among cathinones, mephedrone was detected at the highest levels similar to other countries. Consumption of alcohol, which is not allowed in Maldives, was found (1.3 L/day/1000 inhabitants), but at a low level compared with other countries (6–44 L/day/1000 inhabitants), while the consumption of caffeine and tobacco was generally in line with reports from other countries. Unique information on pharmaceuticals use was also provided, since no official data were available. Human lifestyle was evaluated by applying for the first time the full set of WBE methodologies available in our laboratory. Results provided valuable epidemiological information, which may be useful for national and international agencies to understand population lifestyles better, including illicit drug issues, and for planning and evaluation of drug prevention programs in Malé.

Published
2020

16. Monitoring psychoactive substance use at six European festivals through wastewater and pooled urine analysis

Author

Bijlsma, L., primary, Celma, A., additional, Castiglioni, S., additional, Salgueiro-González, N., additional, Bou-Iserte, L., additional, Baz-Lomba, J.A., additional, Reid, M.J., additional, Dias, M.J., additional, Lopes, A., additional, Matias, J., additional, Pastor-Alcañiz, L., additional, Radonić, J., additional, Turk Sekulic, M., additional, Shine, T., additional, van Nuijs, A.L.N., additional, Hernandez, F., additional, and Zuccato, E., additional

Published
2020
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20. DROGHE DI ABUSO E PRODOTTI FARMACEUTICI NELLE ACQUE DI PISCINA

Author

Prengka, Anna, Fantuzzi, G, Righi, E, Predieri, G, Castiglioni, S, Riva, F, Zuccato, E, and Aggazzotti, G.

Subjects
Droghe di abuso, Salute ambientale, Farmaci, Acque di piscina, Farmaci, Droghe di abuso, Acque di piscina, Salute ambientale
Published
2017

21. Measuring biomarkers in wastewater as a new source of epidemiological information: Current state and future perspectives

Author

Gracia-Lor, E. Castiglioni, S. Bade, R. Been, F. Castrignanò, E. Covaci, A. González-Mariño, I. Hapeshi, E. Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. Kinyua, J. Lai, F.Y. Letzel, T. Lopardo, L. Meyer, M.R. O'Brien, J. Ramin, P. Rousis, N.I. Rydevik, A. Ryu, Y. Santos, M.M. Senta, I. Thomaidis, N.S. Veloutsou, S. Yang, Z. Zuccato, E. Bijlsma, L.

Abstract

The information obtained from the chemical analysis of specific human excretion products (biomarkers) in urban wastewater can be used to estimate the exposure or consumption of the population under investigation to a defined substance. A proper biomarker can provide relevant information about lifestyle habits, health and wellbeing, but its selection is not an easy task as it should fulfil several specific requirements in order to be successfully employed. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge related to the most relevant biomarkers used so far. In addition, some potential wastewater biomarkers that could be used for future applications were evaluated. For this purpose, representative chemical classes have been chosen and grouped in four main categories: (i) those that provide estimates of lifestyle factors and substance use, (ii) those used to estimate the exposure to toxicants present in the environment and food, (iii) those that have the potential to provide information about public health and illness and (iv) those used to estimate the population size. To facilitate the evaluation of the eligibility of a compound as a biomarker, information, when available, on stability in urine and wastewater and pharmacokinetic data (i.e. metabolism and urinary excretion profile) has been reviewed. Finally, several needs and recommendations for future research are proposed. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2017

24. Nuclear factor TDP-43 and SR proteins promote in vitro and in vivo CFTR exon 9 skipping

Author

Buratti, E., Dork, T., Zuccato, E, Pagani, F, Romano, Maurizio, Baralle, F. E., Buratti, E., Dork, T., Zuccato, E, Pagani, F, Romano, Maurizio, and Baralle, F. E.

Abstract

Alternative splicing of human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) exon 9 is regulated by a combination of cis-acting elements distributed through the exon and both flanking introns (IVS8 and IVS9). Several studies have identified in the IVS8 intron 3' splice site a regulatory element that is composed of a polymorphic (TG)m(T)n repeated sequence. At present, no cellular factors have been identified that recognize this element. We have identified TDP-43, a nuclear protein not previously described to bind RNA, as the factor binding specifically to the (TG)m sequence. Transient TDP-43 overexpression in Hep3B cells results in an increase in exon 9 skipping. This effect is more pronounced with concomitant overexpression of SR proteins. Antisense inhibition of endogenous TDP-43 expression results in increased inclusion of exon 9, providing a new therapeutic target to correct aberrant splicing of exon 9 in CF patients. The clinical and biological relevance of this finding in vivo is demonstrated by our characterization of a CF patient carrying a TG10T9(DeltaF508)/TG13T3(wt) genotype leading to a disease-causing high proportion of exon 9 skipping.

Published
2001

26. Determination of illicit drugs in the water cycle by LC-Orbitrap MS

Author

de Voogt, P., Emke, E., Helmus, R., Panteliadis, P., van Leerdam, J.A., Castiglioni, S., Zuccato, E., Fanelli, R., and Earth Surface Science (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
Drugs of abuse, Chemistry, Orbitrap ms, Codeine, High resolution, Orbitrap, law.invention, Wastewater, law, Environmental chemistry, medicine, Water cycle, medicine.drug, Methadone
Abstract

The societal interest in the use and abuse of illicit drugs has spurred researchers to monitor their discharges from households and municipal wastewater treatment plants and to investigate their occurrence in surface waters. A method employing high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography was used to monitor simultaneously the presence of 32 illicit drugs and their degradation products in samples of wastewater, surface waters and drinking water. Specific aspects of the methodology related to instrument optimization and sample matrix-related aspects of the instrument performance are discussed. The method was used for monitoring campaigns in The Netherlands in the years 2006-2009. The most abundant drugs of abuse encountered in wastewater and surface waters included several diazepines, codeine, methadone, benzylecgonine (a transformation product of cocaine, and MDMA. In Dutch drinking water samples collected in the period 2006-2008, no drugs were found to be present.

Published
2011

27. The biofiltration process by the bivalve D. polymorpha for the removal of some pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse from civil wastewaters

Author

Binelli, A, Magni, S, Soave, C, Marazzi, F, Zuccato, E, Castiglioni, S, Parolini, M, Mezzanotte, V, MARAZZI, FRANCESCA ALICE, MEZZANOTTE, VALERIA FEDERICA MARIA, Binelli, A, Magni, S, Soave, C, Marazzi, F, Zuccato, E, Castiglioni, S, Parolini, M, Mezzanotte, V, MARAZZI, FRANCESCA ALICE, and MEZZANOTTE, VALERIA FEDERICA MARIA

Abstract

This study shows the evaluation of the possible use of the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha for the removal of some recalcitrant contaminants, namely many pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse that are not sufficiently removed from civil wastewaters. This mollusk has an enormous filtering capability and is highly resistant to natural and anthropogenic stresses and to a significant bioaccumulation of lipophilic contaminants. All these characteristics may be particularly useful for the removal of compounds not easily eliminated by conventional wastewater treatment processes. To verify this hypothesis an experimental study was conducted at the pilot scale using a pilot plant installed in the largest wastewater treatment plant of Milan (Milano-Nosedo, Italy). First, we presented results obtained in several preliminary tests in order to evaluate the capability of zebra mussel specimens to survive in different wastewater mixtures,its filtering capacity and the possible influence of bio- and photo-degradation in the abatement of the molecules of interest. Finally, data obtained in the final tests demonstrated a capacity of this filter-feeder to reduce the concentrations of several pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse higher than that obtained by the simple natural sedimentation, suggesting a possible implementation of the bio-filtration process in wastewater management.

Published
2014

34. Guida all’uso dei farmaci per i bambini

Author

Gruppo di Lavoro Editoriale: Martini, N, Bonati, M, Pandolfini, C, Raschitelli, N, Rossi, Lm, Farina, Lm, Bacis, G, Grandori, L, Zanfi, D, Miselli, M, Rocchi, F, Barbui, Corrado, Bianchi, M, Chiodini, B, D’Avanzo, B, Damia, G, Martinoli, E, Monesi, L, Riva, E, Roncaglioni, Mc, Schiavetti, B, Clavenna, A, Latini, R, Nobili, A, and Zuccato, E.

Subjects
Medicines, Psychotropic Drugs
Published
2003

38. Perceived risk of cancer in Italy

Author

Vecchia, C La, primary, Anelli, M, additional, Zuccato, E, additional, Fanelli, R, additional, Fioretti, F, additional, Sermeus, G, additional, Valdicelli, L, additional, and Milazzo, N, additional

Published
1999
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44. Identification and measurement of endogenous beta-oxidation metabolites of 8-epi-Prostaglandin F2alpha.

Author

Chiabrando, C, Valagussa, A, Rivalta, C, Durand, T, Guy, A, Zuccato, E, Villa, P, Rossi, J C, and Fanelli, R

Abstract

F2-isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like compounds derived from nonenzymatic free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid. 8-epi-Prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha, a major component of the F2-isoprostane family, can be conveniently measured in urine to assess noninvasively lipid peroxidation in vivo. Measurement of major metabolites of endogenous 8-epi-PGF2alpha, in addition to the parent compound, may be useful to better define its formation in vivo. 2,3-Dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-epi-PGF2alpha is the only identified metabolite of 8-epi-PGF2alpha in man, but its endogenous levels are unknown. In addition to this metabolite, we have identified another major endogenous metabolite, 2,3-dinor-8-epi-PGF2alpha, in human and rat urine. The identity of these compounds, present at the pg/ml level in urine, was proven by a number of complementary approaches, based on: (a) immunoaffinity chromatography for selective extraction; (b) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for structural analysis; (c) in vitro metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes; and (d) chemical synthesis of the enantiomer of 2,3-dinor-5, 6-dihydro-8-epi-PGF2alpha as a reference standard. In humans, the urinary excretion rate of both dinor metabolites is comparable with that of 8-epi-PGF2alpha. Both metabolites increase in parallel with the parent compound in cigarette smokers, and they are not reduced during cyclooxygenase inhibition. Another beta-oxidation product, 2, 3,4,5-tetranor-8-epi-PGF2alpha, was identified as a major product of rat hepatocyte metabolism. In conclusion, at least two major beta-oxidation products of 8-epi-PGF2alpha are present in urine, which may be considered as additional analytical targets to evaluate 8-epi-PGF2alpha formation and degradation in vivo.

Published
1999

45. SmallBowel Involvement in Dermatitis Herperiformis and in LinearIgA Bullous Dermatosis

Author

deFranchis, R., Primignani, M., Cipolla, M., Vecchi, M., Agape, D., Monti, M., Berti, E., Zuccato, E., and Mussini, E.

Abstract

In 23 patients with dermatitis herpetiformic (DH) and five patients with linear-IgA bullous dermatosis (BD) we evaluated the occurrence of histologic jejunal changes and small-bowel function abnormalities. None of the patients showed clinical signs or symptoms of malabsorption. Morphological jejunal changes consistent with gluten-sensitive enteropathy were found in 82 of DH patients and in 60 of DD patients. However, DD patients showed only mild jejunal histologic abnormalities, whereas more severe jejunal lesions were found in most patients with DH. Functional tests showed a rough correlation with the severity of the jejunal lesions, being almost completely normal in BD patients and DH patients with mild intestinal damage, whereas most of DH patients with subtotal or total villous atrophy showed abnormal d-xylose tests and folic acid assays. Lactose tolerance tests (H2breath test and blood glucose after oral lactose load) showed no correlation with the degree of jejunal damage.

Published
1983

50. Cocaine in surface waters: a new evidence-based tool to monitor community drug abuse

Author

Bagnati Renzo, Calamari Davide, Castiglioni Sara, Chiabrando Chiara, Zuccato Ettore, Schiarea Silvia, and Fanelli Roberto

Subjects
Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene, RC963-969, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Cocaine use seems to be increasing in some urban areas worldwide, but it is not straightforward to determine the real extent of this phenomenon. Trends in drug abuse are currently estimated indirectly, mainly by large-scale social, medical, and crime statistics that may be biased or too generic. We thus tested a more direct approach based on 'field' evidence of cocaine use by the general population. Methods Cocaine and its main urinary metabolite (benzoylecgonine, BE) were measured by mass spectrometry in water samples collected from the River Po and urban waste water treatment plants of medium-size Italian cities. Drug concentration, water flow rate, and population at each site were used to estimate local cocaine consumption. Results We showed that cocaine and BE are present, and measurable, in surface waters of populated areas. The largest Italian river, the Po, with a five-million people catchment basin, steadily carried the equivalent of about 4 kg cocaine per day. This would imply an average daily use of at least 27 ± 5 doses (100 mg each) for every 1000 young adults, an estimate that greatly exceeds official national figures. Data from waste water treatment plants serving medium-size Italian cities were consistent with this figure. Conclusion This paper shows for the first time that an illicit drug, cocaine, is present in the aquatic environment, namely untreated urban waste water and a major river. We used environmental cocaine levels for estimating collective consumption of the drug, an approach with the unique potential ability to monitor local drug abuse trends in real time, while preserving the anonymity of individuals. The method tested here – in principle extendable to other drugs of abuse – might be further refined to become a standardized, objective tool for monitoring drug abuse.

Published
2005
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