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2. Declining Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Treatment-exposed Individuals in Western Europe

Author

De Luca, A, Dunn, D, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Torti, C, Fanti, I, Kaiser, R, Sönnerborg, A, Codoñer, Fm, Van Laethem, K, Vandamme, Am, Bansi, L, Ghisetti, V, van de Vijver DA, Asboe, D, Prosperi, Mc, Di Giambenedetto, S, Collaborators: Giacometti A, SEHERE collaboration in C. h. a. i. n., Butini, L, del Gobbo, R, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Pristerà, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Corsi, P, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Bruzzone, B, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Monforte, Ad, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, Mr, Micheli, V, Biondi, Ml, Gianotti, N, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Mussini, C, Pecorari, M, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Dal Bello, F, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, Rita, De Luca, A, Dunn, D, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Torti, C, Fanti, I, Kaiser, R, Sönnerborg, A, Codoñer, F, Van Laethem, K, Vandamme, A, Bansi, L, Ghisetti, V, Van De Vijver, D, Asboe, D, Prosperi, M, Di Giambenedetto, S, Mancuso, S, and Virology

Subjects
Male, Multivariate analysis, Databases, Factual, Drug Resistance, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective Studie, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, Genotype, pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Viru, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Immunology and Allergy, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, pol Gene Products, Viral, Multivariate Analysi, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Drug Resistance Prevalence HIV-1, Middle Aged, Resistance mutation, 3. Good health, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, epidemiology, Female, Multiple, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Human, Drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Evolution, media_common.quotation_subject, Sexual Behavior, antiretroviral therapy, Infectious Disease, Biology, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral, medicine, Humans, HIV Protease Inhibitor, Factual, Retrospective Studies, 030306 microbiology, Risk Factor, Molecular, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, HIV Protease Inhibitors, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, drug resistance, genotyping, HIV-1, Multivariate Analysis, Mutation, pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Immunology, Demography
Abstract

HIV-1 drug resistance represents a major obstacle to infection and disease control. This retrospective study analyzes trends and determinants of resistance in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-exposed individuals across 7 countries in Europe. Of 20 323 cases, 80% carried at least one resistance mutation: these declined from 81% in 1997 to 71% in 2008. Predicted extensive 3-class resistance was rare (3.2% considering the cumulative genotype) and peaked at 4.5% in 2005, decreasing thereafter. The proportion of cases exhausting available drug options dropped from 32% in 2000 to 1% in 2008. Reduced risk of resistance over calendar years was confirmed by multivariable analysis. © 2013 The Author.

Published
2013
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3. Genotypic resistance profiles associated with virological failure to darunavir-containing regimens: a cross-sectional analysis

Author

Sterrantino, G, Zaccarelli, M, Colao, G, Baldanti, F, Di Giambenedetto, S, Carli, T, Maggiolo, F, Zazzi, M, Giacometti, A, Butini, L, Del Gobbo, R, Bagnarelli, P, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Re, MC, Pristera, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Corsi, P, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Bruzzone, B, di Biagio, A, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, Arcidiacono, I, Degiuli, A, de Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, MR, Micheli, V, Biondi ML, Gianotti, N, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Mussini, C, Pecorari, M, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Gerardo, AO, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Maggiore, AO, Ravanini, P, Bello, FD, Romano, N, MANCUSO, Salvatrice, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, R, Vatteroni, L, Vivarelli, A, Nerli, A, Lenzi, L, Magnani, G, Ortolani, P, Andreoni, M, Palamara, G, Fimiani, C, Palmisano, L, di Giambenedetto, S, Colafigli, M, Vullo, V, Turriziani, O, Montano, M, Antinori, A, Dentone, C, Gonnelli, A, de Luca, A, Palumbo, M, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Foglie, PD, Rossi, C, Mondino, V, Malena, M, Grossi, P, Seminari, E, Poletti, F., Sterrantino, G, Zaccarelli, M, Colao, G, Baldanti, F, Di Giambenedetto, S, Carli, T, Maggiolo, F, Zazzi, M, Giacometti, A, Butini, L, Del Gobbo, R, Bagnarelli, P, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Re, MC, Pristera, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Corsi, P, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Bruzzone, B, di Biagio, A, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, Arcidiacono, I, Degiuli, A, de Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, MR, Micheli, V, Biondi ML, Gianotti, N, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Mussini, C, Pecorari, M, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Gerardo, AO, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Maggiore, AO, Ravanini, P, Bello, FD, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, R, Vatteroni, L, Vivarelli, A, Nerli, A, Lenzi, L, Magnani, G, Ortolani, P, Andreoni, M, Palamara, G, Fimiani, C, Palmisano, L, di Giambenedetto, S, Colafigli, M, Vullo, V, Turriziani, O, Montano, M, Antinori, A, Dentone, C, Gonnelli, A, de Luca, A, Palumbo, M, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Foglie, PD, Rossi, C, Mondino, V, Malena, M, Grossi, P, Seminari, E, and Poletti, F

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Cross-sectional study, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Drug Resistance, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Ritonavir-boosted darunavir, Genotype, HIV Infection, Treatment Failure, Viral, Genotypic resistance, Darunavir, Sulfonamides, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Virological failure, Infectious Diseases, Female, Human, medicine.drug, Adult, Microbiology (medical), Logistic Model, Time Factor, Antiretroviral Therapy, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, Sulfonamide, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Humans, Highly Active, Protease inhibitors, Cross-Sectional Studies, HIV Protease Inhibitors, HIV-1, Logistic Models, Mutation, HIV Protease Inhibitor, Cross-Sectional Studie, business.industry, Antiretroviral therapy, Virology, Protease inhibitor, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed at defining protease (PR) resistance mutations associated with darunavir (DRV) failure and PR resistance evolution at DRV failure in a large database of treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Results: Overall, 1,104 patients were included: 118 (10.7%) failed at a median observation time of 16 months. The mean number of PR mutations at baseline was 2.7, but it was higher in patients who subsequently failed DRV. In addition, the number of PR mutations increased at failure. The increase in the mean number of mutations was completely related to mutations considered to be associated with DRV resistance following the indications of the main DRV clinical trials. Discussion The higher statistical difference at baseline between failing versus non-failing patients was observed for the V32I and I84V mutations. At DRV failure, the major increase was still observed for V32I; I54L, V11I, T74P and I50V also increased. Despite the increment in the mean number of mutations per patient between baseline and failure, in 21 patients (17.8%) at baseline and 36 (30.5%) at failure, no PR mutation was detected. Conclusion: The HIV-DB interpretation algorithm identified few patients with full DRV resistance at baseline and few patients developed full resistance at DRV failure, indicating that complete resistance to DRV is uncommon. © Springer-Verlag 2011.

Published
2012

4. Differences Between Nonnational and Indigenous Patients With Sexually Transmitted Infections in Italy and Insight Into the Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Author

Giuliani, M., Suligoi, B., Affronti, M., Amerio, F., Andreassi, L., Angelini, G., Aricò, M., Barba, A., Battarra, P., Beconcini, E., Benvegnù, B., Biggio, P., Bonfigli, F., Cainelli, T., Calandra, P., Calzolari, E., Camisa, D., Coppini, Maurizio, Cottoni, F., D'Antuono, A., Di Carlo, A., Donofrio, P., Gaddoni, G., Galbiati, G., Gatti, M., Graifemberghi, S., Geraci, S., Guerra, B., Ingordo, V., Landi, G., Latino, M. A., Licci, N., Locatelli, A., Menegatti, M., Moise, G., Mossini, A., Norat, M., Nunzi, E., Perino, F., Priano, L., Provenzano, E., Puiatti, P., Rafanelli, A., Ricciuti, F., Righini, G., Sabbatini, C., Simonetto, D., Tarantini, G., Urbani, F., Vittone, L., and Zuccati, G.

Subjects
Male, Microbiology (medical), Sexually transmitted disease, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Databases, Factual, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, HIV Infections, Dermatology, Disease, Indigenous, Risk-Taking, Risk Factors, STI, sexually transmitted infections, Italy, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Aged, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Odds ratio, Emigration and Immigration, Middle Aged, Confidence interval, Infectious Diseases, Population Surveillance, Female, business, Social status, Demography
Abstract

Background: To determine the health needs non-nationals, information on disease occurrence is fundamental. Goals: The goal of this study was to assess the clinical and behavioral characteristics of non-Italians with a new sexually transmitted infection (STI). Methods: Data were taken from Italy’s National STI Surveillance System (1991–1999). Results: Of the 61,798 STI cases reported from January 1991 to December 1999, 6847 (11.2%) were diagnosed among non-Italians, 47.1% of whom were Africans. Being a non-Italian patient with an STI was associated with male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.27), youngest age (AOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.43–2.04), no formal education (AOR, 20.25; 95% CI, 17.51– 23.42), and having contracted the STI abroad (AOR, 13.98; 95% CI, 12.59 –15.54). The HIV-1 prevalence among non-Italian patients with STIs was 5.5% (95% CI, 4.9 – 6.2), with large differences by continent of origin. The highest prevalence was found among European injecting drug users (54.1%; 95% CI, 37.1–70.1), South American homosexual men (41.6%; 95% CI, 32.0 –51.8), and heterosexuals from Sub-Saharan Africa (8.9%; 95% CI, 7.2–10.8). Conclusions: Non-Italian patients with STIs seem to consist mainly of migrants, and STI transmission patterns differ from those among Italians; this information is important for developing targeted STI prevention efforts. THE MASSIVE MOVEMENT ALONG the modern migration routes represents one of the most important determinants of human health and of modifications in social status worldwide. In addition to the health implications for the migrants themselves, migration has an impact on the healthcare systems of the countries that host these persons. 1 So that these countries can better assess and satisfy the health needs of migrants, and of non-nationals in general, it is necessary to have adequate information on disease occurrence among these populations. Although such data should ideally be provided by national health surveillance systems or large multisite studies, this is rarely the case, and few national health statistics anywhere distinguish between disease cases among non-nationals and those found in the native population. 2

Published
2004
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5. No pol mutation is associated independently with the lack of immune recovery in patients infected with HIV and failing antiretroviral therapy

Author

Gianotti, N1, Galli, L, Zazzi, M, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Micheli, V, Meraviglia, P, Corsi, P, Bruzzone, B, Menzo, S, Di Giambenedetto, S, De Luca, A, Filice, G, Penco, G, Castagna, A, Collaborators Giacometti A, ARCA database i. n. i. t. i. a. t. i. v. e., Butini, L, del Gobbo, R, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Re, Mc, Pristerà, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Carnevale, G, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Gianotti, N, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, Mr, Biondi, Ml, Capetti, A, Boeri, E, Pecorari, M, Mussini, C, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Dal Bello, F, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, R, Vatteroni, L, Vivarelli, A, Nerli, A, Lenzi, L, Magnani, G, Ortolani, P, Andreoni, M, Palamara, G, Fimiani, C, Palmisano, L, Antinori, A, Vullo, Vincenzo, Turriziani, O, Perno, Cf, Montano, M, Cenderello, G, Gonnelli, A, Romano, L, Palumbo, M, Delle Foglie, P, Rossi, C, Poletti, F, Mondino, V, Malena, M, Lattuada, E., Gianotti, N, Galli, L, Zazzi, M, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Micheli, V, Meraviglia, P, Corsi, P, Bruzzone, B, Menzo, S, Di Giambenedetto, S, De Luca, A, Filice, G, Penco, G, Castagna, A, Mancuso, S, Gianotti N, Galli L, Zazzi M, Ghisetti V, Bonora S, Micheli V, Meraviglia P, Corsi P, Bruzzone B, Menzo S, Di Giambenedetto S, De Luca A, Filice G, Penco G, Castagna A, Giacometti A, Butini L, del Gobbo R, Tacconi D, Corbelli G, Zanussi S, Monno L, Punzi G, Maggiolo F, Callegaro A, Calza L, Re MC, Pristerà R, Turconi P, Mandas A, Tini S, Carnevale G, Paolini E, Amadio G, Sighinolfi L, Zuccati G, Morfini M, Manetti R, Di Pietro M, Bartalesi F, Colao G, Tosti A, Di Biagio A, Setti M, Trezzi M, Orani A, Pardelli R, De Gennaro M, Chiodera A, Scalzini A, Palvarini L, Almi P, Todaro G, Cicconi P, Rusconi S, Gismondo MR, Biondi ML, Capetti A, Boeri E, Pecorari M, Mussini C, Santirocchi M, Brustia D, Ravanini P, Dal Bello F, Romano N, Mancuso S, Calzetti C, Maserati R, Baldanti F, Francisci D, Parruti G, Polilli E, Sacchini D, Martinelli C, Consolini R, Vatteroni L, Vivarelli A, Nerli A, Lenzi L, Magnani G, Ortolani P, Andreoni M, Palamara G, Fimiani C, Palmisano L, Antinori A, Vullo V, Turriziani O, Perno CF, Montano M, Cenderello G, Gonnelli A, Romano L, Palumbo M, Delle Foglie P, Rossi C, Poletti F, Mondino V, Malena M, Lattuada E., Gianotti, Nicola, Galli, Laura, Zazzi, Maurizio, Ghisetti, Valeria, Bonora, Stefano, Micheli, Valeria, Meraviglia, Paola, Corsi, Paola, Bruzzone, Bianca, Menzo, Stefano, Di Giambenedetto, Simona, De Luca, Andrea, Filice, Gaetano, Penco, Giovanni, and Castagna, Antonella

Subjects
Male, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, Logistic regression, Resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, CD4+ T-lymphocyte, Retrospective Studie, Immunopathology, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, genetics, Resistance to protease inhibitor, HIV Infection, resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Viral, Sida, resistance to protease inhibitors, biology, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, Viral Load, Genes, pol, drug therapy/immunology/virology, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Female, Viral load, medicine.drug, Human, pol, Anti-HIV Agents, Antiretroviral Therapy, Viremia, Infectious Disease, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, pharmacology/therapeutic use, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Virology, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Humans, Highly Active, Retrospective Studies, pharmacology/therapeutic use, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Drug Resistance, genetics, Female, Genes, pol, HIV Infections, drug therapy/immunology/virology, HIV-1, drug effects/enzymology/genetics, Humans, Male, Mutation, Retrospective Studies, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load, drug resistance, Anti-HIV Agent, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Genes, drug effects/enzymology/genetics, therapeutic use, Mutation, CD4+ T-lymphocytes, HIV-1
Abstract

An investigation was undertaken to determine whether specific pol mutations hinder long-term immune recovery regardless of virological response. In total, 826 patients with >50 HIV RNA copies/ml, who underwent genotypic resistance testing between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2003 after >3 years of antiretroviral treatment, and were followed up for >3 years after genotypic resistance testing, were analyzed retrospectively. The outcome of the study was the lack of immune recovery after >3 years of follow-up, defined as a slope by linear regression 50 copies/ml divided by the number of HIV RNA measurements during follow-up. Logistic regression was used for univariable and multivariable analysis. Median (Q1, Q3) values at baseline were the following: age 40 (37, 45) years, years on antiretroviral therapy 4.45 (3.65, 5.47), HIV RNA 3.91 (3.39, 4.53) log 10 copies/ml, CD4+ T-cell 358 (211, 524)/μl. After 3.13 years of follow-up, 375 patients (45.4%) showed a lack of immune recovery. The risk of lack of immune recovery increased independently with increasing baseline CD4+ counts (OR=1.104 per 50-cell increase, 95% CI=1.069-1.142, P

Published
2011

6. Evolution of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in HIV-1-infected patients in Italy from 2000 to 2010

Author

Colafigli, M, Torti, C, Trecarichi, Em, Albini, L, Rosi, A, Micheli, V, Manca, N, Penco, G, Bruzzone, B, Punzi, G, Corsi, P, Parruti, G, Bagnarelli, P, Monno, L, Gonnelli, A, Cauda, R, Di Giambenedetto, S, Arca, Ucsc, CollaboratorsFabbiani M, Brescia HIV resistance study g. r. o. u. p. s., Sidella, L, Mondi, A, Farina, S, D'Avino, A, Fanti, I, Doino, M, Prosperi, M, Gargiulo, F, Benini, A, Paraninfo, G, Quiros Roldan, E, Castelnuovo, F, Carosi, G, Scalzini, A, Castelli, F, Giacometti, A, Butini, L, del Gobbo, R, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Carla, M, Pristera, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Carnevale, G, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Gianotti, N, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, Mr, Biondi, Ml, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Pecorari, M, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Dal Bello, F, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, Sm, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, and Consolini, Rita

Published
2012

7. A novel methodology for large-scale phylogeny partition

Author

Prosperi, Mattia C. F., Ciccozzi, Massimo, Fanti, Iuri, Saladini, Francesco, Pecorari, Monica, Borghi, Vanni, Di Giambenedetto, Simona, Bruzzone, Bianca, Capetti, Amedeo, Vivarelli, Angela, Rusconi, Stefano, Maria Carla, Re, Gismondo, Maria Rita, Sighinolfi, Laura, Gray, Rebecca R., Salemi, Marco, Zazzi, Maurizio, De Luca, Andrea, Giacometti, A, Butini, L, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Re, Mc, Pristerà, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Corsi, P, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Bruzzone, B, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, Mr, Micheli, V, Biondi, Ml, Gianotti, N, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Mussini, C, Pecorari, M, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Dal Bello, F, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, R, Vatteroni, L, Vivarelli, A, Dionisio, D, Nerli, A, Lenzi, L, Magnani, G, Ortolani, P, Andreoni, M, Palamara, G, Fimiani, C, Palmisano, L, De Luca, A, Fadda, G, Vullo, Vincenzo, Turriziani, Ombretta, Montano, M, Cenderello, G, Gonnelli, A, Palumbo, M, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Delle Foglie, P, Rossi, C, Grossi, P, Seminari, E, Poletti, F, Mondino, V, Malena, M, Lattuada, E., Prosperi MC, Ciccozzi M, Fanti I, Saladini F, Pecorari M, Borghi V, Di Giambenedetto S, Bruzzone B, Capetti A, Vivarelli A, Rusconi S, Re MC, Gismondo MR, Sighinolfi L, Gray RR, Salemi M, Zazzi M, De Luca A, ARCA collaborative group., Prosperi, M, Ciccozzi, M, Fanti, I, Saladini, F, Pecorari, M, Borghi, V, Di Giambenedetto, S, Bruzzone, B, Capetti, A, Vivarelli, A, Rusconi, S, Re, M, Gismondo, M, Sighinolfi, L, Gray, R, Salemi, M, Zazzi, M, De Luca, A, and Mancuso, S

Subjects
Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Male, pol, Theoretical computer science, Inference, Gene Products, pol, General Physics and Astronomy, HIV Infections, Biology, Network topology, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, Biochemistry, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Physics and Astronomy (all), 0302 clinical medicine, Search algorithm, phylogenetic analysis, virus transmission, Gene Products, Humans, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Algorithms, Classification, Female, HIV-1, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Chemistry (all), Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Phylogenetic tree, Node (networking), HIV, General Chemistry, Partition (database), Algorithm, Identification (information), Transmission (telecommunications), METHODOLOGY, Human
Abstract

Understanding the determinants of virus transmission is a fundamental step for effective design of screening and intervention strategies to control viral epidemics. Phylogenetic analysis can be a valid approach for the identification of transmission chains, and very-large data sets can be analysed through parallel computation. Here we propose and validate a new methodology for the partition of large-scale phylogenies and the inference of transmission clusters. This approach, on the basis of a depth-first search algorithm, conjugates the evaluation of node reliability, tree topology and patristic distance analysis. The method has been applied to identify transmission clusters of a phylogeny of 11,541 human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype B pol gene sequences from a large Italian cohort. Molecular transmission chains were characterized by means of different clinical/demographic factors, such as the interaction between male homosexuals and male heterosexuals. Our method takes an advantage of a flexible notion of transmission cluster and can become a general framework to analyse other epidemics. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

Published
2011
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8. A novel methodology for large-scale phylogeny partition

Author

Prosperi, Mc, Ciccozzi, M, Fanti, I, Saladini, F, Pecorari, M, Borghi, V, Di Giambenedetto, S, Bruzzone, B, Capetti, A, Vivarelli, A, Rusconi, S, Re, Mc, Gismondo, Mr, Sighinolfi, L, Gray, Rr, Salemi, M, Zazzi, M, De Luca, A, CollaboratorsGiacometti A, ARCA collaborative g. r. o. u. p., Butini, L, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Pristerà, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Corsi, P, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Cicconi, P, Micheli, V, Biondi, Ml, Gianotti, N, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Mussini, C, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Dal Bello, F, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, and Consolini, Rita

Published
2011

9. Detection of drug resistance mutations at low plasma HIV-1 RNA load in a European multicentre cohort study

Author

Prosperi, Mc1, Mackie, N, Di Giambenedetto, S, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Fanti, I, Torti, C, Sönnerborg, A, Kaiser, R, Codoñer, Fm, Van Laethem, K, Bansi, L, van de Vijver DA, Geretti, Am, De Luca, A, Giacometti A, SEHERE c. o. n. s. o. r. t. i. u. m., Butini, L, del Gobbo, R, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Carla Re, M, Pristerà, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Corsi, P, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Bruzzone, B, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, Mr, Micheli, V, Biondi, Ml, Gianotti, N, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Mussini, C, Pecorari, M, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Bello, Fd, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, R, Vatteroni, L, Vivarelli, A, Dionisio, D, Nerli, A, Lenzi, L, Magnani, G, Ortolani, P, Andreoni, M, Palamara, G, Fimiani, C, Palmisano, L, Fadda, G, Vullo, Vincenzo, Turriziani, O, Montano, M, Cenderello, G, Gonnelli, A, Palumbo, M, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Foglie, Pd, Rossi, C, Grossi, P, Seminari, E, Poletti, F, Mondino, V, Malena, M, Lattuada, E, Lengauer, T, Däumer, M, Hoffmann, D, Schülter, E, Müller, C, Oette, M, Reuter, S, Esser, S, Fätkenheuer, G, Rockstroh, J, Incardona, F, Rosen Zvi, M, Clotet, B, Thalme, A, Svedhem, V, Bratt, G, Gargiulo, F, Lapadula, G, Manca, N, Paraninfo, G, Quiros Roldan, E, Carosi, G, Castelnuovo, F, Vandamme, Am, Van Wijngaerden, E, Ainsworth, J, Anderson, J, Babiker, A, Dunn, D, Easterbrook, P, Fisher, M, Gazzard, B, Garrett, N, Gilson, R, Gompels, M, Hill, T, Johnson, M, Leen, C, Orkin, C, Phillips, A, Pillay, D, Porter, K, Post, F, Sabin, C, Sadiq, T, Schwenk, A, Walsh, J, Delpech, V, Palfreeman, A, Glabay, A, Lynch, J, Hand, J, de Souza, C, Perry, N, Tilbury, S, Churchill, D, Nelson, M, Waxman, M, Mandalia, S, Kall, M, Korat, H, Taylor, C, Ibrahim, F, Campbell, L, James, L, Brima, N, Williams, I, Youle, M, Lampe, F, Smith, C, Grabowska, H, Chaloner, C, Puradiredja, Di, Weber, J, Ramzan, F, Carder, M, Wilson, A, Dooley, D, Asboe, D, Pozniak, A, Cameron, S, Cane, P, Chadwick, D, Clark, D, Collins, S, Lazarus, L, Dolling, D, Fearnhill, E, Castro, H, Coughlin, K, Zuckerman, M, Booth, C, Goldberg, D, Hale, A, Kaye, S, Kellam, P, Leigh Brown, A, Smit, E, Templeton, K, Tilston, P, Tong, W, Zhang, H, Ushiro Lumb, I, Oliver, T, Bibby, D, Mitchell, S, Mbisa, T, Wildfire, A, Tandy, R, Shepherd, J, Maclean, A, Bennett, D, Hopkins, M, Garcia Diaz, A, Kirk, S, Sloot, P. M., Virology, Prosperi, M, Mackie, N, di Giambenedetto, S, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Fanti, I, Torti, C, Sönnerborg, A, Kaiser, R, Codoñer, F, van laethem, K, Bansi, L, van de Vijver, D, Geretti, A, de luca, A, and Mancuso, S

Subjects
Male, Drug Resistance, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, HIV Infection, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Viral, 0303 health sciences, Proteolytic enzymes, Genotypic testing, HIV, Viral load, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Europe, Female, HIV-1, Humans, RNA, Viral, Viral Proteins, Drug Resistance, Viral, Mutation, Missense, Viral Load, Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, 3. Good health, Cohort, Cohort study, Human, Microbiology (medical), Biology, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Viral Protein, 030306 microbiology, Anti-HIV Agent, Virology, Reverse transcriptase, Regimen, genotypic testing, viral load, Immunology, Mutation, RNA, Missense, Cohort Studie
Abstract

Background and objectives: Guidelines indicate a plasma HIV-1 RNA load of 500-1000 copies/mL as the minimal threshold for antiretroviral drug resistance testing. Resistance testing at lower viral load levels may be useful to guide timely treatment switches, although data on the clinical utility of this remain limited. We report here the influence of viral load levels on the probability of detecting drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and other mutations by routine genotypic testing in a large multicentre European cohort, with a focus on tests performed at a viral load

Published
2011

10. A prognostic model for estimating the time to virologic failure in HIV-1 infected patients undergoing a new combination antiretroviral therapy regimen

Author

Prosperi, Mc, Di Giambenedetto, S, Fanti, I, Meini, G, Bruzzone, B, Callegaro, A, Penco, G, Bagnarelli, P, Micheli, V, Paolini, E, Di Biagio, A, Ghisetti, V, Di Pietro, M, Zazzi, M, De Luca, A, CollaboratorsGiacometti A, ARCA c. o. h. o. r. t., Butini, L, del Gobbo, R, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Maggiolo, F, Calza, L, Re, Mc, Pristerà, R, Turconi, P, Potenza, D, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Corsi, P, Galli, L, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Setti, M, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, Arcidiacono, I, Degiuli, A, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Gianotti, N, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, Mr, Biondi, Ml, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Pecorari, M, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Mussini, C, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Dal Bello, F, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, and Consolini, Rita

Published
2011

11. Low Rate of Virological Failure and Maintenance of Susceptibility to HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with First-Line Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Treatment in Clinical Practice

Author

Prosperi, Mc, Zazzi, M, Punzi, G, Monno, L, Colao, G, Corsi, P, Di Giambenedetto, S, Meini, G, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Pecorari, M, Gismondo, Mr, Bagnarelli, P, Carli, T, De Luca, A, ARCA Collaborative Group, Giacometti, A, Butini, L, del Gobbo, R, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Re, Mc, Raffaele, P, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Bruzzone, B, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Monforte, A, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Micheli, V, Biondi, Ml, Gianotti, N, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Mussini, C, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Dal Bello, F, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, Rita, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Roma] (Unicatt), Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, Bari University Hospital, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Careggi University Hospital, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Catholic Universisty of Sacred Heart, A. Savoia Hospital, infectiuos diseases, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Modena University Hospital, L. Sacco University Hospital, Ancona University Hospital, Grosseto General Hospital, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Sacro Cuore Catholic University, Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Prosperi, M, Zazzi, M, Punzi, G, Monno, L, Colao, G, Corsi, P, Di Giambenedetto, S, Meini, G, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Pecorari, M, Gismondo, M, Bagnarelli, P, Carli, T, De Luca, A, Mancuso, S, Prosperi MC, Zazzi M, Punzi G, Monno L, Colao G, Corsi P, Di Giambenedetto S, Meini G, Ghisetti V, Bonora S, Pecorari M, Gismondo MR, Bagnarelli P, Carli T, De Luca A, ARCA Collaborative Group [.., Giacometti A, Butini L, del Gobbo R, Menzo S, Tacconi D, Corbelli G, Zanussi S, Maggiolo F, Callegaro A, Calza L, Re MC, Raffaele P, Turconi P, Mandas A, Tini S, Zoncada A, Paolini E, Amadio G, Sighinolfi L, and ]

Subjects
Male, Lopinavir/ritonavir, HIV Infections, boosted protease inhibitor, Lopinavir, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, virologic failure, HIV Infection, Treatment Failure, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pyrimidinone, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, lopinavir/ritonavir, Viral Load, Resistance mutation, first-line antiretroviral therapy, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, RNA, Viral, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Medicine, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Survival Analysi, Viral load, Human, medicine.drug, Anti-HIV Agents, Population, Pyrimidinones, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, Emtricitabine, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Drug Resistance, Viral, antiretroviral drug resistance, medicine, Humans, Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), education, HIV Protease Inhibitor, Ritonavir, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Anti-HIV Agent, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Survival Analysis, HIV-1, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract

Protease inhibitor (PI)-resistant HIV-1 has hardly ever been detected at failed boosted PI-based first-line antiretroviral regimens in clinical trials. However, this phenomenon has not been investigated in clinical practice. To address this gap, data from patients starting a first-line lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/rtv)-based therapy with available baseline HIV-1 RNA load, a viral genotype and follow-up viral load after 3 and 6 months of treatment were extracted from the Italian Antiretroviral Resistance Cohort Analysis (ARCA) observational database. Based on survival analysis, 39 (7.1%) and 43 (7.8%) of the 548 examined patient cases had an HIV-1 RNA >500 and >50 copies/ml, respectively, after 6 months of treatment. Cox proportional hazard models detected baseline HIV-1 RNA (RH 1.79, 95%CI 1.10-2.92 per 1 - log10 increase, P = 0.02) and resistance to the nucleoside backbone (RH 1.04, 95%CI 1.02-1.06 per 10-point increase using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm, P < 0.001) as independent predictors of HIV-1 RNA at >500 copies/ml, but not at the >50 copies/ml cutoff criteria. Higher baseline viral load, older patient age, heterosexual route of infection and use of tenofovir/emtricitabine were predictors of failure at month 3 using the 50-copy and/or 500-copy threshold. Resistance to LPV/rtv did not occur or increase in any of the available 36 follow-up HIV-1 genotypes. Resistance to the nucleoside backbone (M184V) developed in four cases. Despite the likely differences in patient population and adherence, both the low rate of virological failure and the lack of development of LPV/rtv resistance documented in clinical trials are thus confirmed in clinical practice. J. Med. Virol. 82:1996-2003, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2010
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12. Low rate of virological failure and maintenance of susceptibility to HIV-1 protease inhibitors with first-line lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral treatment in clinical practice

Author

Prosperi, Mc1, Zazzi, M, Punzi, G, Monno, L, Colao, G, Corsi, P, Di Giambenedetto, S, Meini, G, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Pecorari, M, Gismondo, Mr, Bagnarelli, P, Carli, T, De Luca, A, Collaborators Giacometti A, ARCA Collaborative G. r. o. u. p., Butini, L, del Gobbo, R, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Re, Mc, Raffaele, P, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Bruzzone, B, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Monforte, Ad, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Micheli, V, Biondi, Ml, Gianotti, N, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Mussini, C, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Dal Bello, F, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, R, Vatteroni, L, Vivarelli, A, Dionisio, D, Nerli, A, Lenzi, L, Magnani, G, Ortolani, P, Andreoni, M, Palamara, G, Fimiani, C, Palmisano, L, Vullo, Vincenzo, Turriziani, O, Montano, M, Cenderello, G, Gonnelli, A, Palumbo, M, Delle Foglie, P, Rossi, C, Poletti, F, Mondino, V, Malena, M, and Lattuada, E.

Published
2010

13. Rules-based HIV-1 genotypic resistance interpretation systems predict 8 week and 24 week virological antiretroviral treatment outcome and benefit from drug potency weighting

Author

Zazzi, M, Prosperi, M, Vicenti, I, Di Giambenedetto, S, Callegaro, A, Bruzzone, B, Baldanti, F, Gonnelli, A, Boeri, E, Paolini, E, Rusconi, S, Giacometti, A, Maggiolo, F, Menzo, S, De Luca, A, ARCA Collaborative Group, Butini, L, del Gobbo, R, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Calza, L, Re, Mc, Pristerà, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Carnevale, G, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Corsi, P, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Cicconi, P, Gismondo, Mr, Micheli, V, Biondi, Ml, Gianotti, N, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Mussini, C, Pecorari, M, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Dal Bello, F, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, Rita, Zazzi, M, Prosperi, M, Vicenti, I, Di Giambenedetto, S, Callegaro, A, Bruzzone, B, Baldanti, F, Gonnelli, A, Boeri, E, Paolini, E, Rusconi, S, Giacometti, A, Maggiolo, F, Menzo, S, De Luca, A, Mancuso, S, Zazzi M, Prosperi M, Vicenti I, Di Giambenedetto S, Callegaro A, Bruzzone B, Baldanti F, Gonnelli A, Boeri E, Paolini E, Rusconi S, Giacometti A, Maggiolo F, Menzo S, De Luca A, ARCA Collaborative Group: [.., Butini L, del Gobbo R, Tacconi D, Corbelli G, Zanussi S, Monno L, Punzi G, Calza L, Re M C, Pristerà R, Turconi P, Mandas A, Tini S, and ]

Subjects
Male, interpretation system, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, Logistic regression, Retrospective Studie, HIV Infection, Pharmacology (medical), Microbial Sensitivity Test, Middle Aged, Prognosis, genotype, drug resistance, algorithm, Algorithm, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Italy, RNA, Viral, Female, Cohort study, Human, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Logistic Model, Anti-HIV Agents, Prognosi, antiretroviral, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Potency, Animals, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Pharmacology, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Animal, Anti-HIV Agent, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, genotype, drug potency weighting, Weighting, Logistic Models, ROC Curve, Immunology, HIV-1, business
Abstract

Objectives: To test retrospectively the ability of four freely available rules-based expert systems to predict short- and medium-term virological outcome following an antiretroviral treatment switch in pre-treated HIV-1 patients. Methods: The HIV-1 genotype interpretation systems (GISs) HIVdb, ANRS, Rega and AntiRetroScan were tested for their accuracy in predicting response to highly active antiretroviral therapy using 8 week (n = 765) and 24 week (n = 634) follow-up standardized treatment change episodes extracted from the Italian Antiretroviral Resistance Cohort Analysis (ARCA) database. A genotypic sensitivity score (GSS) was derived for each genotype-treatment pair for the different GISs and tested as a predictor of virological treatment outcome by univariable and multivariable logistic regression as well as by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The two systems implementing drug potency weights (AntiRetroScan and Rega) were evaluated with and without this correction factor. Results: All four GSSs were strong predictors of virological treatment outcome at both 8 and 24 weeks after adjusting for baseline viro-immunological parameters and previous drug exposure (odds ratios ranging from 2.04 to 2.43 per 1 unit GSS increase; P < 0.001 for all the systems). The accuracy of AntiRetroScan and Rega was significantly increased by drug potency weighting with respect to the unweighted versions (P ≤ 0.001). HIVdb and ANRS also increased their performance with the same drug potency weighting adopted by AntiRetroScan and Rega, respectively (P < 0.001 for both analyses). Conclusions: Currently available GISs are valuable tools for assisting antiretroviral treatment choices. Drug potency weighting can increase the accuracy of all systems. © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

Published
2009

14. A Prognostic Model for Estimating the Time to Virologic Failure in HIV-1 Infected Patients Undergoing a New Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen

Author

PProsperi MC, Di Giambenedetto S, Fanti I, Meini G, Bruzzone B, Callegaro A, Penco G, Bagnarelli P, Micheli V, Paolini E, Di Biagio A, Ghisetti V, Di Pietro M, Zazzi M, De Luca A, Giacometti A, Butini L, del Gobbo R, Menzo S, Tacconi D, Corbelli G, Zanussi S, Monno L, Punzi G, Maggiolo F, CALZA, LEONARDO, RE, MARIA CARLA, Pristerà R, Turconi P, Mandas A, Tini S, Carnevale G, Amadio G, Sighinolfi L, Zuccati G, Morfini M, Manetti R, Galli L, Bartalesi F, Colao G, Tosti A, Setti M, Trezzi M, Orani A, Pardelli R, De Gennaro M, Chiodera A, Scalzini A, Palvarini L, Almi P, Todaro G, Gianotti N, Cicconi P, Rusconi S, Gismondo MR, Biondi ML, Capetti A, Meraviglia P, Boeri E, Pecorari M, Mussini C, Santirocchi M, Brustia D, Ravanini P, Dal Bello F, Romano N, Mancuso S, Calzetti C, Maserati R, Baldanti F, Francisci D, Parruti G, Polilli E, Sacchini D, Martinelli C, Consolini R, Vatteroni L, Vivarelli A, Nerli A, Lenzi L, Magnani G, Ortolani P, Andreoni M, Palamara G, Fimiani C, Palmisano L, Antinori A, Vullo V, Turriziani O, Perno CF, Montano M, Cenderello G, Gonnelli A, Romano L, Palumbo M, Bonora S, Delle Foglie P, Rossi C, Poletti F, Mondino V, Malena M, Lattuada E., PProsperi MC, Di Giambenedetto S, Fanti I, Meini G, Bruzzone B, Callegaro A, Penco G, Bagnarelli P, Micheli V, Paolini E, Di Biagio A, Ghisetti V, Di Pietro M, Zazzi M, De Luca A, Giacometti A, Butini L, del Gobbo R, Menzo S, Tacconi D, Corbelli G, Zanussi S, Monno L, Punzi G, Maggiolo F, Calza L, Re MC, Pristerà R, Turconi P, Mandas A, Tini S, Carnevale G, Amadio G, Sighinolfi L, Zuccati G, Morfini M, Manetti R, Galli L, Bartalesi F, Colao G, Tosti A, Setti M, Trezzi M, Orani A, Pardelli R, De Gennaro M, Chiodera A, Scalzini A, Palvarini L, Almi P, Todaro G, Gianotti N, Cicconi P, Rusconi S, Gismondo MR, Biondi ML, Capetti A, Meraviglia P, Boeri E, Pecorari M, Mussini C, Santirocchi M, Brustia D, Ravanini P, Dal Bello F, Romano N, Mancuso S, Calzetti C, Maserati R, Baldanti F, Francisci D, Parruti G, Polilli E, Sacchini D, Martinelli C, Consolini R, Vatteroni L, Vivarelli A, Nerli A, Lenzi L, Magnani G, Ortolani P, Andreoni M, Palamara G, Fimiani C, Palmisano L, Antinori A, Vullo V, Turriziani O, Perno CF, Montano M, Cenderello G, Gonnelli A, Romano L, Palumbo M, Bonora S, Delle Foglie P, Rossi C, Poletti F, Mondino V, Malena M, Lattuada E., Prosperi, M, Di Giambenedetto, S, Fanti, I, Meini, G, Bruzzone, B, Callegaro, A, Penco, G, Bagnarelli, P, Micheli, V, Paolini, E, Di Biagio, A, Ghisetti, V, Di Pietro, M, Zazzi, M, De Luca, A, and Mancuso, S

Subjects
Oncology, Male, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, Cohort Studies, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Treatment Failure, Viral Load, 0302 clinical medicine, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, Medicine, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0303 health sciences, Health Policy, 3. Good health, Computer Science Applications, Censoring (clinical trials), Cohort, Combination, lcsh:R858-859.7, Viral load, Human, Research Article, Cart, medicine.medical_specialty, antiretroviral therapy, Health Informatics, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Therapy, Internal medicine, Survival analysis, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS, Anti-HIV Agent, HIV, GENOTYPES, Discontinuation, Regimen, Immunology, Proportional Hazards Model, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract

Background HIV-1 genotypic susceptibility scores (GSSs) were proven to be significant prognostic factors of fixed time-point virologic outcomes after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) switch/initiation. However, their relative-hazard for the time to virologic failure has not been thoroughly investigated, and an expert system that is able to predict how long a new cART regimen will remain effective has never been designed. Methods We analyzed patients of the Italian ARCA cohort starting a new cART from 1999 onwards either after virologic failure or as treatment-naïve. The time to virologic failure was the endpoint, from the 90th day after treatment start, defined as the first HIV-1 RNA > 400 copies/ml, censoring at last available HIV-1 RNA before treatment discontinuation. We assessed the relative hazard/importance of GSSs according to distinct interpretation systems (Rega, ANRS and HIVdb) and other covariates by means of Cox regression and random survival forests (RSF). Prediction models were validated via the bootstrap and c-index measure. Results The dataset included 2337 regimens from 2182 patients, of which 733 were previously treatment-naïve. We observed 1067 virologic failures over 2820 persons-years. Multivariable analysis revealed that low GSSs of cART were independently associated with the hazard of a virologic failure, along with several other covariates. Evaluation of predictive performance yielded a modest ability of the Cox regression to predict the virologic endpoint (c-index≈0.70), while RSF showed a better performance (c-index≈0.73, p < 0.0001 vs. Cox regression). Variable importance according to RSF was concordant with the Cox hazards. Conclusions GSSs of cART and several other covariates were investigated using linear and non-linear survival analysis. RSF models are a promising approach for the development of a reliable system that predicts time to virologic failure better than Cox regression. Such models might represent a significant improvement over the current methods for monitoring and optimization of cART.

Published
2011
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15. Carbonic anhydrase in skin tumors

Author

Gabrielli, Maria Gabriella, Mastrolorenzo, A., Zuccati, G., Massi, D., Casini, A., Scozzafava, A., and Supuran, C.

Published
2003

18. Sentinel surveillance of sexually transmitted diseases in Italy

Author

Giuliani, M., Suligoi, B., Amerio, F., Andreassi, L., Filotico, R., Aricò, M., Barba, A., Battarra, P., Beconcini, E., Benvegnù, B., Biggio, P., Bonfigli, F., Cainelli, T., Calandra, P., Calzolari, E., Coppini, Maurizio, Cottoni, F., D'Antuono, A., Donofrio, P., Gaddoni, G., Galbiati, G., Gatti, M., Gentili, G., Graifemberghi, S., Guerra, B., Landi, G., Latino, M. A., Licci, N., Locatelli, A., Moise, G., Mossini, A., Norat, M., Perino, F., Priano, L., Provenzano, E., Puiatti, P., Rafanelli, A., Ricciuti, F., Righini, G., Sabbatini, C., Simonetto, D., Tarantini, G., Urbani, F., Vittone, L., and Zuccati, G.

Subjects
sexually transmitted diseases, Italy
Published
1998

32. Le MST oggi: Epidemiologia e prevenzione

Author

BARBARA SULIGOI, Giuliani, M., Amerio, F., Andreassi, L., Angelini, G., Aricò, M., Barba, A., Battarra, P., Beconcini, E., Benvegnù, B., Biggio, P., Bonfigli, F., Cainelli, T., Calandra, P., Calzolari, E., Coppini, M., Cottoni, F., Cusini, M., D Antuono, A., Donofrio, P., Gaddoni, G., Galbiati, G., Gatti, M., Gentili, G., Graifemberghi, S., Guerra, B., Landi, G., Latino, M. A., Licci, N., Locatelli, A., Moise, G., Mossini, A., Norat, M., Perino, F., Priano, L., Provenzano, E., Puiatti, P., Rafanelli, A., Ricciuti, F., Righini, G., Sabbatini, C., Simonetto, D., Urbani, F., Vittone, L., Zuccati, G., Affronti, M., Camisa, D., Geraci, S., Menegatti, M., and Nunzi, E.

33. Estimating minimum adult HIV prevalence: A cross-sectional study to assess the characteristics of people living with HIV in Italy

Author

Margherita Busso, Tullio Prestileo, Ermenegildo Francavilla, Marco Anselmo, Francesco Montella, Evangelista Sagnelli, Teresa Santantonio, Massimo Galli, Marcello Saitta, Giuseppe Foti, Cecilia Guariglia, Franco Baldelli, Simona Di Gianbenedetto, Pierluigi Viale, Francesco Castelli, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Angelo Pan, Gabriella D’Ettore, Maria Dorrucci, Salvatore Bruno, Tiziana Quirino, Mariangela Raimondo, Alessandro Bartoloni, Vinicio Manfrin, Giovanni Mazzarello, Eugenio Mantia, Raffaele Pempinello, Antonio Traverso, Barbara Suligoi, Fabio Bulla, Pietro Mesina, Alessia Zoncada, Gianfranco Orofino, Oliviero Bosco, Gianmichele Moise, Angelo Salomone Megna, Roberto Ferretto, Mauro Valle, Manuela Colafigli, Claudio Paternoster, S. Artioli, Giovanni Riccio, Stefania Bernardi, Paolo Grossi, Milena Zoppi, Sebastiano Maiuzzo, Giorgio Perboni, Sauro Tini, Giuseppe Ferrea, Nicoletta Ladisa, Enzo M. Farinella, Daniela Francisci, Dino Sgarabotto, Roberto Monarca, Enzo Petrelli, A. Franco, Izzo Cm, Pietro Bellissima, Francesco Ortu, Laura Sighinolfi, Antonio Chirianni, Filippo Bartalesi, Giulio De Stefano, Claudia Colomba, Laura Camoni, Salvatore Galvagna, Benedetto Maurizio Celesia, Andrea Petrucci, Camillo Baretti, Pierluigi Brugnaro, Federica Poletti, Maurilio Chimenti, Camilla Ajassa, Mario Falciano, Rosaria La Sala, Sauro Luchi, V. Portelli, Annamaria Degli Antoni, Francesco Mazzotta, Giuliano Zuccati, Vincenzo Colangeli, Ercole Concia, Giordano Madeddu, Maria Cristina Salfa, Francesca Cattelan, Nicola Acone, Vincenza Regine, Olivia Bargiacchi, Maurizio de Martino, F. Paoletti, Giovanni Cassola, Giuliano Schettino, Carlo De Stefano, Enza Anzalone, D. Aquilini, Giacomo Magnani, Vanni Borghi, Roberta Gastaldi, Alessandra Govoni, Cristina Rossi, Rita Consolini, Gioacchino Angarano, Gloria Taliani, Tommaso Fontana, Sergio Lo Caputo, Davide Vitullo, Pierpaolo Congedo, Emanuela Vaccher, Paolo Viganò, Maria Stella Mura, Claudio Cancellieri, Enrico Girardi, Francesca Savalli, Cecilia Fico, Anna Maria Cattelan, Alessandro Chiodera, Renzo Scaggiante, P. Osimani, Caterina Bramato, Nicola Pietrosillo, Giovanna D'Alessio, Salvatore Bonfante, Vincenzo Vullo, Andrea Gori, Margherita Dalessandro, Domenico Lucchino, Massimo Deseraca, Paolo Tundo, Alfredo Pennica, M. Paoloni, Antonella Castagna, Nicola Serrao, Paolo Costa, Franco Marranconi, Massimo Villa, Pietro Filippini, Maurizio Setti, Eligio Pizzigallo, Marco Tinelli, Mauro Marchili, Domenico Santoro, Cesira Nencioni, Piera Dones, Vincenzo Renda, Alberto Giannetti, Domenico La Rovere, Nicoletta Dorigoni, Guido Palamara, Angelo Iodice, Clara Gabiano, Peter Mian, Luigi Guarnieri, Andrea De Luca, Nicola Tripodi, Giovanni Cristina, Giustino Parruti, Maria Montroni, Loredana Palvarini, Marco Rizzi, Benvenuto Grisorio, Corrado Catalani, Paolo Emilio Manconi, Jacopo Vecchiett, Tiziana Carli, Riccardo Iapoce, Massimo Andreoni, Adriano Lazzarin, Giorgetta Casalino Finocchio, D Sacchini, Mario Gobber, Spartaco Sani, Marco Campus, Rosario La Rosa, Maurizio Mazzeo, Stefano Bonora, Michele Trezzi, Paolo Bassi, Angela La Gala, Alessandro Grimaldi, Dante Di Giammartino, Guido Leo, Gaetano Filice, Antonio Salvo, Paolo Bonfanti, Chiara Pasqualini, Marcello Tavio, Luca Butini, N. Abrescia, Angela Linzalone, Gianpaolo Natalini Ramponi, Pierangelo Rovere, Piero Cortese, Dario Bartolozzi, F. Resta, Miriam Lichtner, Loredana Sarmati, Francesco Cesario, Renato F. Frongillo, Ivano Mezzaroma, Carlo Ferrari, Lorenzo Minoli, Paola Di Stefano, Lucina Titone, Rosa Boncoraglio, Mariana Farenga, Giuliano Rizzardini, Stefano Aviani Barbacci, Andrea Giacometti, Andrea Antinori, Antonio Caterini, Consuelo Geraci, Piergiorgio Chiriacò, Lucio Cosco, Claudio Viscoli, Alfredo Scalzini, Sandro Piga, Massimo Arlotti, Cecilia Occhino, Roberto Luzzati, Paola Sabbatini, Guglielmo Borgia, Umberto Tirelli, Antonio Davi, Letizia Cristiano, Cristina Mussini, Roberto Cauda, Patrizio Vittucci, B. Salassa, Marco Libanore, Maria Pina Sciotti, Isa Picerno, Matteo Bassetti, Benedetto Caroleo, Oswald Moling, Danilo Tacconi, Massimo Puoti, Camoni, Laura, Raimondo, Mariangela, Dorrucci, Maria, Regine V, Salfa MC, CARPHA Study, Group, Lazzarin, Adriano, Castagna, Antonella, Camoni, L, Raimondo, M, Dorrucci, M, Regine, V, Salfa, M, Suligoi, B, Di Giammartino, D, Parruti, G, Di Stefano, P, Paoloni, M, D'Alessandro, M, Grimaldi, A, Sciotti, M, Pizzigallo, E, Vecchiett, J, De Stefano, C, La Gala, A, De Stefano, G, Linzalone, A, Cesario, F, Cosco, L, Caroleo, B, Foti, G, Serrao, N, Lucchino, D, Chirianni, A, Abrescia, N, Pempinello, R, Izzo, C, Borgia, G, Filippini, P, Sagnelli, E, Iodice, A, Megna, A, D'Alessio, G, Acone, N, Mazzeo, M, Sacchini, D, Ferrari, C, Degli Antoni, A, Magnani, G, Mussini, C, Borghi, V, Viale, P, Colangeli, V, Sighinolfi, L, Libanore, M, Govoni, A, Cancellieri, C, Bassi, P, Arlotti, M, Luzzati, R, Bassetti, M, Tirelli, U, Vaccher, E, Moise, G, Palamara, G, Bernardi, S, Falciano, M, Vullo, V, D'Ettore, G, Renda, V, Guariglia, C, Taliani, G, Mezzaroma, I, Paoletti, F, Ajassa, C, Gastaldi, R, Andreoni, M, Sarmati, L, Montella, F, Antinori, A, Giannetti, A, Pietrosillo, N, Girardi, E, Pennica, A, Cauda, R, Colafigli, M, Di Gianbenedetto, S, Caterini, A, Monarca, R, Barbacci, S, Ramponi, G, Marchili, M, Anzalone, E, Lichtner, M, Ferrea, G, Cassola, G, Viscoli, C, Mazzarello, G, Setti, M, Artioli, S, Riccio, G, Finocchio, G, Anselmo, M, Rizzi, M, Scalzini, A, Castelli, F, Quirino, T, Santoro, D, Pan, A, Zoncada, A, Bonfanti, P, Viganò, P, Villa, M, Tinelli, M, Perboni, G, Palvarini, L, Costa, P, Puoti, M, Galli, M, Rizzardini, G, Monforte, A, Lazzarin, A, Castagna, A, Gori, A, Minoli, L, Filice, G, Grossi, P, Giacometti, A, Tavio, M, Montroni, M, Butini, L, Osimani, P, Petrelli, E, Chiodera, A, Vittucci, P, Sabbatini, P, Pasqualini, C, Valle, M, Zoppi, M, Mantia, E, Schettino, G, Deseraca, M, Vitullo, D, Bargiacchi, O, Orofino, G, Bramato, C, Busso, M, Salassa, B, Farenga, M, Bonora, S, Leo, G, Poletti, F, Gobber, M, Cristina, G, Gabiano, C, Mian, P, Moling, O, Paternoster, C, Dorigoni, N, Fontana, T, Angarano, G, Ladisa, N, La Rovere, D, Fico, C, Bulla, F, Santantonio, T, Grisorio, B, Chiriacò, P, Congedo, P, Tundo, P, Resta, F, Cristiano, L, Mura, M, Madeddu, G, Mesina, P, Piga, S, Campus, M, Manconi, P, Ortu, F, Salvo, A, Baretti, C, La Sala, R, Bellissima, P, Bonfante, S, Galvagna, S, Celesia, B, La Rosa, R, Maiuzzo, S, Guarnieri, L, Bruno, S, Picerno, I, Tripodi, N, Farinella, E, Occhino, C, Titone, L, Colomba, C, Prestileo, T, Saitta, M, Dones, P, Boncoraglio, R, Davi, A, Franco, A, Portelli, V, Savalli, F, Geraci, C, Chimenti, M, Luchi, S, Catalani, C, Trezzi, M, Aquilini, D, Sani, S, Nencioni, C, Carli, T, Mazzotta, F, Lo Caputo, S, Zuccati, G, Iapoce, R, Consolini, R, Bartolozzi, D, Bartoloni, A, Bartalesi, F, DE LUCA, A, De Martino, M, Tacconi, D, Tini, S, Baldelli, F, Francisci, D, Frongillo, R, Traverso, A, Francavilla, E, Ferretto, R, Marranconi, F, Manfrin, V, Cortese, P, Rossi, C, Cattelan, F, Petrucci, A, Brugnaro, P, Sgarabotto, D, Scaggiante, R, Cattelan, A, Bosco, O, Concia, E, Rovere, P, Regine, Vincenza, Salfa, Maria Cristina, Suligoi, Barbara, and Luzzati, Roberto

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Epidemiology, Cross-sectional study, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MEDLINE, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Anti-Retroviral Agents, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, medicine, HIV Infection, HIV, prevalence, Italy, Cross-Sectional Studie, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), HIV, Retrospective cohort study, Hiv prevalence, Northern italy, Anti-Retroviral Agent, business, Viral load, Human, Demography
Abstract

In 2012, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study to assess the number of people living with HIV linked to care and, among these, the number of people on antiretroviral therapy. The health authority in each of the 20 Italian Regions provided the list of Public Infectious Diseases Clinics providing antiretroviral therapy and monitoring people with HIV infection. We asked every Public Infectious Diseases Clinic to report the number of HIV-positive people diagnosed and linked to care and the number of those on antiretroviral therapy during 2012. In 2012, 94,146 people diagnosed with HIV and linked to care were reported. The majority were males (70.1%), Italians (84.4%), and aged between 25 and 49 years (63.4%); the probable route of transmission was heterosexual contact in 37.5% of cases, injecting drug use in 28.1%, and male-to-male contact in 27.9%. Among people in care, 20.1% had less than 350 CD4 cells/μl, 87.6% received antiretroviral therapy, and among these, 62.4% had a CD4 cell count higher than 350 cells/μl. The overall estimated prevalence of individuals diagnosed and linked to care in 2012 in Italy was 0.16 per 100 residents (all ages). Adding the estimated proportion of undiagnosed people, the estimated HIV prevalence would range between 0.19 and 0.26 per 100 residents. In Italy, the majority of people diagnosed and linked to care receive antiretroviral therapy. A higher prevalence of individuals diagnosed and linked to care was observed in Northern Italy and among males. More information for developing the HIV care continuum is necessary to improve the entire engagement in care, focusing on test-and-treat strategies to substantially reduce the proportion of people still undiagnosed or with a detectable viral load.

Published
2015

34. New Screening Strategy Combining Anal Papanicolaou and Human Papillomavirus Tests for Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Cancer: A Prospective, Single-Center Study.

Author

Pisano L, Grandi V, Tiradritti L, Zuccati G, Caminati F, Giani I, Bisanzi S, Matucci M, Carozzi F, Pimpinelli N, and Elbetti C

Subjects
Early Detection of Cancer, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Papillomaviridae, Prospective Studies, Alphapapillomavirus, Anus Neoplasms diagnosis, HIV Infections, Papillomavirus Infections complications, Papillomavirus Infections diagnosis, Sexual and Gender Minorities
Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a combined approach of liquid-based anal cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in predicting patients who should undergo high-resolution anoscopy for the early detection of anal cancer and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN)-2+., Methods: We conducted a prospective single-center quality improvement study. We consecutively enrolled men who had sex with men (MSM) attending our sexually transmitted disease clinic to undergo anal Papanicolaou (Pap) and HPV tests. All patients with an abnormal anal Pap test result and/or positive HPV test result underwent high-resolution anoscopy., Results: We enrolled 217 MSM, 80 HIV-positive patients, and 137 HIV-negative patients. Cytology showed a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 64.1%, an accuracy of 66.7%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 15.7%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% for the detection of AIN-2+. The high-risk (HR)-HPV test showed sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of 100%, 36.4%, 40%, 9.4%, and 100%, respectively. The combination of abnormal cytology with identification of infection by at least 1 HR-HPV strain on the HPV test had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 73%, an accuracy of 74.6%, a PPV of 19.1%, and an NPV of 100%., Conclusion: Anal HR-HPV testing, complementary to cytology, improves the diagnostic accuracy of screening for anal cancer., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest and Sources of Funding: The authors declare that they have no commercial or other associations that might pose conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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35. Syphilitic chancre in a man with a self-implanted nodule.

Author

Pisano L, Tiradritti L, and Zuccati G

Subjects
Adult, Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic psychology, Chancre drug therapy, Chancre etiology, Foreskin pathology, Humans, Male, Penicillin G Benzathine therapeutic use, Stereotyping, Syphilis Serodiagnosis, Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic adverse effects, Chancre diagnosis, Treponema pallidum isolation & purification
Published
2019
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36. Photodynamic therapy with topical photosensitizers in mucosal and semimucosal areas: Review from a dermatologic perspective.

Author

Grandi V, Sessa M, Pisano L, Rossi R, Galvan A, Gattai R, Mori M, Tiradritti L, Bacci S, Zuccati G, Cappugi P, and Pimpinelli N

Subjects
Anus Neoplasms drug therapy, Anus Neoplasms pathology, Autoimmune Diseases drug therapy, Autoimmune Diseases pathology, Eyelid Neoplasms drug therapy, Eyelid Neoplasms pathology, Female, Heat-Shock Proteins biosynthesis, Humans, Infections drug therapy, Infections pathology, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation pathology, Mouth Diseases drug therapy, Mouth Diseases pathology, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplasms pathology, Neovascularization, Pathologic drug therapy, Neovascularization, Pathologic pathology, Paget Disease, Extramammary drug therapy, Paget Disease, Extramammary pathology, Photosensitizing Agents administration & dosage, Singlet Oxygen metabolism, Superoxides metabolism, Up-Regulation, Photochemotherapy methods, Photosensitizing Agents pharmacology, Photosensitizing Agents therapeutic use
Abstract

Photodynamic Therapy is a procedure based on the interaction between a Photosensitizer, a light source with a specific wavelength and oxygen. The aim of this review is to provide a brief and updated analysis of scientific reports on the use of PDT with topical PS in the management of oncological, infectious, and inflammatory disorders involving mucosal and semimucosal areas, with a specific focus on diseases of dermatologic interest., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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37. Commentary: A Translational Medicine Approach to Tooth Transplantation.

Author

Prato GP, Zuccati G, and Clauser C

Subjects
Adult, Alveolar Bone Loss surgery, Female, Humans, Periodontal Ligament surgery, Periodontal Pocket diagnostic imaging, Root Resorption diagnostic imaging, Tooth diagnostic imaging, Tooth Ankylosis, Tooth Loss diagnostic imaging, Tooth Replantation, Tooth Root, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Tooth surgery, Translational Research, Biomedical, Transplantation, Autologous adverse effects, Transplantation, Autologous methods
Abstract

The autogenous tooth transplantation approach to replace missing teeth has been in use for a long time. Different surgical techniques have been developed to improve prognosis and longevity of transplanted teeth with complete root formation. Many factors reportedly affected short- and long-term success of the procedure: complications such as ankylosis and root resorption up to the tooth exfoliation have occurred frequently. Several studies have appeared on this issue over the years. However, outcomes of transplantations have not yet been conclusively determined as no randomized clinical trials have been published on this issue, and their effectiveness has been evaluated only in observational studies. On the other hand, interesting information from specific experimental studies on the healing pattern of the interface between the root surface and alveolar bone in the replantation/transplantation model, and from non-related studies dealing with mechanically induced periodontal trauma, has been available and potentially useful since the 1970s to 1980s. However, this information has not been incorporated into clinical literature regarding tooth autotransplantation. This commentary aims to show how information from related and unrelated experimental models was translated to a clinical setting and led to a novel approach, successfully applied, in the autotransplantation of a multirooted tooth with completed root formation.

Published
2017
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38. Pap smear in the prevention of HPV-related anal cancer: preliminary results of the study in a male population at risk.

Author

Pisano L, Tiradritti L, Lorenzoni E, Zuccati G, Matucci M, Butera D, Foxi P, and Confortini M

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anus Neoplasms diagnosis, Anus Neoplasms virology, Biopsy, False Positive Reactions, HIV Seronegativity, HIV Seropositivity epidemiology, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Papillomavirus Infections complications, Young Adult, Anus Neoplasms prevention & control, Mass Screening methods, Papanicolaou Test methods, Papillomavirus Infections diagnosis
Abstract

Background: The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and anal cytology, considering a population of HIV-positive and negative men who have sex with men (MSM), at high risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), in order to ascertain which of the methods examined is the best screening strategy for the prevention of anal cancer., Methods: In the period 06/2013-07/2014 at the "MTS Centre" of the University of Florence, 87 male patients, homo/bi-sexual, of which 46 HIV-negative and 41 HIV-positive, were recruited for anal Pap smear and HPV testing. All patients with an "abnormal" cytological result underwent anoscopy with possible biopsy., Results: HPV testing was positive in 73 patients (83.6%). Cytology was negative in 50 patients (57.5%), inconclusive in 14 patients (16.1%), abnormal in 23 patients (26.4%): 14 ASC-US (19.2%), 4 ASC-H (5.5%), 5 L-SIL (6.8%), 0 H-SIL. Anoscopy with biopsy led to diagnosis of AIN I in 10 cases, of which 6 ASC-US+ and 4L-SIL+, AIN II in only 1 case, LS-IL+., Conclusions: Anal HPV testing, when used in primary screening, lead to a high number of "false positives", given the too high prevalence of HPV infection in MSM, the highest risk population targeted for screening. So we propose a screening program with anal cytology which has a high sensitivity for detection of AIN while is a poor predictor of the severity of these lesions; therefore, all patients with abnormal anal Pap smear should undergo anoscopy with biopsy.

Published
2016

39. The psychological aspects in sexually transmitted infections.

Author

Campolmi E, Santosuosso U, Silvestri C, Giomi B, and Zuccati G

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Risk-Taking, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Sexual Behavior psychology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases psychology, Social Support
Abstract

Background: Over the last years the number of sexually transmitted diseases has greatly increased. This can be attributed mainly to less rigidity in the gender role and to the ever growing sexual liberalization. Sexuality today as in the past, represents an important and complex dimension of the human being. With respect to the psychological area many authors think that there are specific personality traits that to a higher extent compared to others might push individuals to carry out inconsiderate behavior among which there has been found a higher risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). In the present paper preliminary data of a research carried out provides information about sexual habits among patients of the IST of Florence., Methods: A sample of 344 individuals, from 15 to over 70-year-old, Italians and strangers, has been asked to fill up a self-administered questionnaire., Results: Through these data the psychological aspects at the base of sexual habits in our reference sample are highlighted even more clearly. Through the analysis of these data it will be possible to get a larger number of information that can be used for the building of psychological support experiences that take into account the individual differences among patients one finds through consultations and support., Conclusions: The psychological support is very important for a lot of patients who belong to the center and show inappropriate sexual behavior and exposed to risky sexual behavior.

Published
2016

40. Two cases of successful efavirenz desensitization in patients with several anti-HIV drugs hypersensitivities.

Author

D'Erme AM, Severino M, Tiradritti L, Testi S, Tchoimou T, Bertelli A, Zuccati G, and Gola M

Subjects
Adult, Alkynes, Anti-HIV Agents immunology, Benzoxazines immunology, Cyclopropanes, Drug Eruptions immunology, Drug Eruptions therapy, Drug Hypersensitivity immunology, Female, HIV Infections drug therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors adverse effects, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors immunology, Anti-HIV Agents adverse effects, Benzoxazines adverse effects, Desensitization, Immunologic methods, Drug Hypersensitivity therapy
Published
2015

41. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients attending STI clinics in Tuscany, Italy: a multicenter report on new infections in 2011.

Author

Giomi B, Silvestri C, Bravi S, Foretic M, Zuccati G, Martini P, Bilenchi R, Vichi F, Voller F, and Cipriani F

Subjects
Adult, Female, Heterosexuality statistics & numerical data, Homosexuality statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Italy epidemiology, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Young Adult, HIV Infections epidemiology, Sexual Behavior statistics & numerical data, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology
Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the demographic, behavioral and clinical features associated with newly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among attendees from four STI Clinics during 2011 in Tuscany, Central Italy., Methods: Electronic and non-electronic medical records of attendees were reviewed to collect socio-demographical and anamnestic characteristics of patients, and to assess the annual incidence and distribution of STIs., Results: The study included 1293 subjects, for a total number of 1394 newly diagnosed STIs. The male/female ratio was about 2:1, and Italian nationality accounted for 84.1% of the sample. MSM represented the 25.9% of the male population. Condom use was very poor in the large majority of our sample. Genital warts and non-gonococcal cervicitis and urethritis were the most frequent STIs. Anamnestic STIs were recorded in 350 subjects. When stratified for sexual preference, men who have sex with men were found at four to ten fold increased risk for syphilis, gonorrhoeae and HIV infection. New diagnoses of syphilis, gonorrhoea, urethritis and molluscum were strictly associated with infections by the same pathogens in the past (re-infections)., Conclusions: Results show that STIs in Tuscany involve a mixed young to adult population, composed by both heterosexual and homosexual subjects who practice unprotected sex and do not seem to be conscious of the associated risks, as demonstrated by the high rates of coinfections and reinfections. These findings reinforce the need for greater education and prevention efforts for HIV and other STIs among the Tuscan population.

Published
2015

42. Expansion of maxillary arches with crossbite: a systematic review of RCTs in the last 12 years.

Author

Zuccati G, Casci S, Doldo T, and Clauser C

Subjects
Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Malocclusion therapy, Palatal Expansion Technique instrumentation
Abstract

The aim of this study was to review recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) dealing with the effectiveness of various modalities of orthopaedic/orthodontic expansion of maxillary arches with crossbite and the associated 6 month post retention stability. The study selection criteria included RCTs involving subjects with maxillary deficiency with crossbite, with no limits of age. The authors searched the following electronic databases from 1999 to January 2011: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, LILACS, and WEB of SCIENCE. The search strategy resulted in 12 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies did not meet major methodological requirements; some studies were not relevant because of small sample size, possible bias and unaccounted for confounding variables, lack of blinding in measurements, and deficient statistical methods. Treatment outcomes were different depending on the appliance used, tooth tissue-borne/tooth-borne expanders, bonded semi-rapid maxillary expansion (SRME), or rapid maxillary expansion (RME); in any case, methodological flaws prevent any sound conclusion. Stable results have been measured at the 6 month follow-up after removal of the retention plate in the treated groups in the maxillary intermolar and intercanine distances. Long-term stability results should be assessed. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement could be helpful in improving the reporting of RCTs.

Published
2013
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44. Off label treatments of genital warts: the role of photodynamic therapy.

Author

Giomi B, Mastrolorenzo A, Tiradritti L, and Zuccati G

Subjects
Humans, Off-Label Use, Condylomata Acuminata drug therapy, Photochemotherapy
Abstract

Conventional therapies for genital warts, the clinical expression of low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) anogenital infection, are not targeted antiviral therapies, but either attempt physical removal of the lesion or induce inflammation and a bystander immune response. Moreover, very few of the current treatments have been tested by rigorous blinded, randomized controlled trials. Therefore, official recommendations are often associated with unsatisfactory response rates and high recurrence rates. It is the purpose of this review to provide a brief overview of the genital wart treatment literature to expand awareness of the options available to practitioners faced with patients presenting with this disease. Particular attention will be paid to unconventional and complementary therapies (the so called "off-label" treatments) among which photodynamic therapy has been recently introduced as a promising strategy to both guarantee clearance of the lesion and eradication of the virus itself. Mechanisms of action of PDT are discussed together with a summary of clinical and experimental available evidences.

Published
2012

45. Mycetomatoid infection of the penis by Candida albicans.

Author

Mastrolorenzo A, Giomi B, Cipollini EM, Tammaro R, Decarli N, Cammelli D, Fabiani Tropeano F, Tiradritti L, Difonzo EM, and Zuccati G

Subjects
Adult, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Candidiasis, Cutaneous complications, Candidiasis, Cutaneous drug therapy, Fluconazole therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Mycetoma complications, Mycetoma drug therapy, Penile Diseases complications, Penile Diseases drug therapy, Takayasu Arteritis complications, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Cutaneous microbiology, Mycetoma microbiology, Penile Diseases microbiology
Abstract

Background: Mycetoma is generally understood to be a chronic suppurative infection involving the skin and the underlying tissue. Mycetomas may be classified as those produced by true fungi (eumycetoma) versus those due to aerobic bacteria Actinomycetales (actinomycetoma)., Methods: We report the atypical case of a mycetomatoid infection of the penile shaft and glans in a 36-year-old man, originally from Senegal, affected by Takayasu's arteritis., Results: Extensive investigations excluded any other causative pathogen other than Candida albicans, and the ailment accordingly healed after fluconazole monotherapy., Conclusion: The authors discuss the unusual site of the disease and the singular clinical features related to the fungal etiology and put forward considerations on the pathogenic role of common microorganisms., (© 2012 The International Society of Dermatology.)

Published
2012
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46. Sexually transmitted diseases syndromic approach: proctitis.

Author

Zuccati G, Tiradritti L, Lorenzoni E, Giomi B, and Mastrolorenzo A

Subjects
Female, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpes Simplex drug therapy, Herpes Simplex transmission, Humans, Lymphogranuloma Venereum diagnosis, Lymphogranuloma Venereum drug therapy, Lymphogranuloma Venereum transmission, Male, Proctitis diagnosis, Proctitis drug therapy, Syndrome, Syphilis diagnosis, Syphilis drug therapy, Syphilis transmission, Proctitis microbiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases diagnosis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases drug therapy
Abstract

Proctitis is a common problem and is most frequently associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, in the last ten years the incidence of infectious proctitis appears to be rising, especially in men who have sex with men. This may be due to the rise of people participating in receptive anal sex as well as the increase in sexually transmitted infections, such as those from Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Herpes simplex virus and Treponema pallidum. Recent outbreaks of lymphogranuloma venereum among homosexual men throughout Europe highlight the need to consider sexually transmitted infections in the differential diagnosis of proctitis. Symptoms of infectious proctitis can include rectal blood and mucous discharge, anorectal pain, aphtous ulcers and, sometimes, generalized lymphadenopathy and fever. A careful history and physical examination are crucial in establishing a diagnosis, eventually supported by endoscopy, histology, serology, culture and PCR. Treatment with antibiotics or antivirals is usually initiated, either empirically or after establishing a diagnosis. Coinfections, HIV testing, and treatment of sexual partners should always be considered.

Published
2012

48. Social and behavioral determinants as risk of sexually transmitted diseases. Report by a sample from the Sexually Transmitted Disease Unit in Florence, Italy.

Author

Silvestri C, Giomi B, Colli L, Berti A, Voller F, Cipriani F, and Zuccati G

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sexual Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology
Abstract

Aim: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are increasing worldwide, mostly due to changing sexual behavior s (larger numbers of sexual partners, concurrent relationships, increasing proportion of adolescents engaging in sexual intercourse at young age, and inconsistent condom use with new partners). In Italy, few data are available about STI spread, since most infections are not subjected to mandatory notification., Methods: In this article, the occurrence of STIs in a random sample attending a STI Unit in Florence, Italy, is reported. Results were obtained through the administration of an anonymous questionnaire that patients could complete spontaneously in the waiting room while waiting for the visit. Self-reported questions allowed to collect information about socio-demographic and clinical data, sexual behavior and perception of risk., Results: Overall, 469 patients (321 males, 148 females) participated in the study. Age ranged from 16 to 70 years. Male patients who referred to engage sexual intercourse with men (MSM) were 133; females who had sex with women (FSF) were 5, while 24 patients declared to have sex with both males and females (bisexual); 59.7% (N.=280) of participants reported they had a stable relationship, but 20% of these reported they had had sex with more than five partners during the last 12 months. The use of condoms is declared to be very infrequent, especially in the two extreme age ranges. Fifty percent of patients had been diagnosed an STI in their life, particularly syphilis (39.3%), genital warts (64.6%) and chlamydial infections (42.9%). Among those subjects who had contracted an STI (including non-curable viral infections, i.e., HIV and herpes genitalis) 32.4% referred they never used condoms., Conclusion: The authors discuss their results compared to the existing literature, and focus on identification of risk factors associated with self-reported STIs. Although conducted on a small population, this study provides a basis for targeting prevention and control strategies on our high-risk patients.

Published
2012

49. Oral manifestations of sexually transmitted infections.

Author

Mastrolorenzo A, Giomi B, Tiradritti L, and Zuccati G

Subjects
Chlamydia Infections transmission, Chlamydia trachomatis, Gonorrhea transmission, HIV Infections transmission, Herpes Simplex transmission, Humans, Papillomavirus Infections transmission, Syphilis transmission, Mouth Diseases microbiology, Sexual Behavior, Sexually Transmitted Diseases transmission
Abstract

It's difficult to establish the real risks associated with all forms of oral sex and the contribution they may make to the overall number of newly diagnosed cases of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This article reviews the literature on the role of oral sex in the transmission of STIs and the corresponding clinical presentations. Oral sex is becoming a common sexual practice between both heterosexual and homosexual couples because it is seen as a safer alternative to penetrative sex and a safer challenge to an individual's hidden identity. Because of the frequency with which oral sex occurs, and the rarity with which it is protected, oral sex may raise justified alarming attention to underestimated orally acquired STIs.

Published
2012

50. Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome presenting with wartylike oral lesions.

Author

Pagnini F, Giomi B, Delfino C, Tiradritti L, Fattorini L, and Zuccati G

Subjects
Adult, Bile Duct Neoplasms pathology, Cholangiocarcinoma pathology, Fatal Outcome, Humans, Male, Tongue pathology, Acanthosis Nigricans complications, Bile Duct Neoplasms complications, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic, Cholangiocarcinoma complications, Mouth pathology, Paraneoplastic Syndromes complications, Paraneoplastic Syndromes pathology
Published
2012

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