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The focus of the study is the analysis and sizing of the air conditioning system on board the vehicle which operates in thermal transient for the duration of the typical mission, using “fan coil” type air conditioning devices powered by a hot or cold heat vector fluid loaded into “electro-thermal” charging station and the related ground cogeneration plant (at the BUS terminus). For winter air conditioning, it was assumed that a heat transfer fluid at a temperature of 90 ° C could be stored on board. This value allows the use of water as a heat transfer fluid without pressurizing the systems, minimizing costs and supply problems, and is compatible with the characteristics of ICE cogeneration systems. For summer air conditioning, it was assumed that ice or fluid at a temperature of -20 ° C could be loaded. Also in this case it was decided to operate with a common fluid, such as a solution of water and salt (e.g. calcium chloride CaCl2). A comparative analysis of two solutions was carried out: the first involves the standard solution with BUS air conditioning system with heat pump powered by traction batteries charged by the grid and the second one analyzes the use of a high temperature Fuel Cell in a trigenerative configuration with refrigeration unit absorption fueled by the fumes of the FC. The trigeneration plant produces 100 kW of electricity via SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) and, through an exchanger, water at 95 ° C which is stored on board the BUS for winter heating and feeds an absorption refrigeration machine that produces fluid at a temperature of -20 ° C for summer conditioning. For the two solutions, the savings of non-renewable primary energy and the reduction of GHG emissions compared to the standard solution (recharging the electric BUS from the network with on-board air conditioning powered by the traction batteries) are calculated through a WTW analysis. Consumption and emissions of electric powertrains, potentially for consumption and zero emissions, are closely linked to the methods of production and distribution of electricity.

The term smart has been increasingly used to refer to a process of rethinking and modernization in different areas and contexts, covering the use of innovative technology solutions, sharing networks and data, and access to goods and services. That's all feasible thanks to multi-stakeholder participation at different levels, and access through the use of ICT. In the definition adopted in January 2014, the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) Committee of the European Parliament, has defined a Smart City as "a city seeking to address public issues via ICT based solutions on the basis of a multi-stakeholder, municipally based partnership". That definition is lacking of a crucial concept. It is scientifically incorrect to define "smart" any human expression in perspective without referring to sustainability. Smart means, therefore, sustainable. This work highlights the close link between art university and sustainability. In a parallel with smart grids, smart mobility, and Smart Cities, university, through the smartification of its essential components can be much more sustainable when evolved into a distance learning, networked and connected smart university pared to "traditional" fully physical university. Smart university shares physical elements, needs and moves less mass, being in one word, more efficient. As well as from the energy point of view, a sustainable future can be defined as the "Era of energy vectors" in which "an energy vector allows transfer, in space and time, a given quantity of energy, hence making it available for use distantly in time and space from the point of availability of the original source", from a knowledge point of view, smart university allows to transfer, in space and time, a given knowledge, hence making it available for use distantly in time and space from the point of availability of the original source. The aim of developing a sustainable society is a very strong driver towards the smartification of education and research, and the Smart university considered as a sustainable vector of knowledge is the key factor for its realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]