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1. Quantifying Properties of Photospheric Magnetic Cancellations in the Quiet Sun Internetwork

Author

Ledvina, Vincent E., Kazachenko, Maria D., Criscuoli, Serena, Tilipman, Dennis, Ermolli, Ilaria, Falco, Mariachiara, Guglielmino, Salvatore, Jafarzadeh, Shahin, van der Voort, Luc Rouppe, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyzed spectropolarimetric data from the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope to investigate physical properties of small-scale magnetic cancellations in the quiet Sun photosphere. Specifically, we looked at the full Stokes polarization profiles along the Fe I 557.6 nm and of the Fe I 630.1 nm lines measured by CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter (CRISP) to study temporal evolution of the line-of-sight (LOS) magnetic field during 42.5 minutes of quiet Sun evolution. From this magnetogram sequence, we visually identified 38 cancellation events. We then used Yet Another Feature Tracking Algorithm (YAFTA) to characterize physical properties of these magnetic cancellations. We found on average $1.6\times10^{16}$ Mx of magnetic flux cancelled in each event with an average cancellation rate of $3.8\times10^{14}$ Mx s$^{-1}$. The derived cancelled flux is associated with strong downflows, with an average speed of $V_\mathrm{LOS}\approx1.1$ km s$^{-1}$. Our results show that the average lifetime of each event is $9.2$ minutes with an average $44.8\%$ of initial magnetic flux being cancelled. Our estimates of magnetic fluxes provide a lower limit since studied magnetic cancellation events have magnetic field values that are very close to the instrument noise level. We observed no horizontal magnetic fields at the cancellation sites and therefore can not conclude whether the events are associated structures that could cause magnetic reconnection., Comment: 19 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables, accepted into ApJ on 06/08/2022

Published
2022
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2. On the evolution of a sub-C class flare: a showcase for the capabilities of the revamped Catania Solar Telescope

Author

Romano, Paolo, Guglielmino, Salvo L., Costa, Pierfrancesco, Falco, Mariachiara, Buttaccio, Salvatore, Costa, Alessandro, Martinetti, Eugenio, Occhipinti, Giovanni, Spadaro, Daniele, Ventura, Rita, Capuano, Giuseppe E., and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Solar flares are occasionally responsible for severe Space Weather events, which can affect space-borne and ground-based infrastructures, endangering anthropic technological activities and even human health and safety. Thus, an essential activity in the framework of Space Weather monitoring is devoted to the observation of the activity level of the Sun. In this context, the acquisition system of the Catania Solar Telescope has been recently upgraded in order to improve its contribution to the European Space Agency (ESA) - Space Weather Service Network through the ESA Portal, which represents the main asset for Space Weather in Europe. Here, we describe the hardware and software upgrades of the Catania Solar Telescope and the main data products provided by this facility, which include full-disc images of the photosphere and chromosphere, together with a detailed characterization of the sunspot groups. As a showcase of the observational capabilities of the revamped Catania Solar Telescope, we report the analysis of a B5.4 class flare occurred on 2020 December 7, simultaneously observed by the IRIS and SDO satellites.

Published
2021
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3. Comparative case study of two methods to assess the eruptive potential of selected active regions

Author

Zuccarello, Francesca, Ermolli, Ilaria, Korsos, Marianna B., Giorgi, Fabrizio, Guglielmino, Salvo L., Erdelyi, Robertus, and Romano, Paolo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Solar eruptive events, like flares and coronal mass ejections, are characterized by the rapid release of energy that can give rise to emission of radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum and to an abrupt significant increase in the kinetic energy of particles. These energetic phenomena can have important effects on the Space Weather conditions and therefore it is necessary to understand their origin, in particular, what is the eruptive potential of an active region (AR). In these case studies, we compare two distinct methods that were used in previous works to investigate the variations of some characteristic physical parameters during the pre-flare states of flaring ARs. These methods consider: i) the magnetic flux evolution and the magnetic helicity accumulation, and ii) the fractal and multi-fractal properties of flux concentrations in ARs. Our comparative analysis is based on time series of photospheric data obtained by the Solar Dynamics Observatory between March 2011 and June 2013. We selected two distinct samples of ARs: one is distinguished by the occurrence of more energetic M- and X-class flare events, that may have a rapid effect on not just the near-Earth space, but also on the terrestrial environment; the second is characterized by no-flares or having just few C- and B-class flares. We found that the two tested methods complement each other in their ability to assess the eruptive potentials of ARs and could be employed to identify ARs prone to flaring activity. Based on the presented case study, we suggest that using a combination of different methods may aid to identify more reliably the eruptive potentials of ARs and help to better understand the pre-flare states.

Published
2021
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4. Continuum enhancements, line profiles and magnetic field evolution during consecutive flares

Author

Zuccarello, Francesca, Guglielmino, Salvo L., Capparelli, Vincenzo, Mathioudakis, Mihalis, Keys, Peter H., Criscuoli, Serena, Falco, Mariachiara, and Murabito, Mariarita

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

During solar flares, magnetic energy can be converted into electromagnetic radiation from radio waves to $\gamma$ rays. Enhancements in the continuum at visible wavelengths give rise to white-light flares, as well as continuum enhancements in the FUV and NUV passbands. In addition, the strong energy release in these events can lead to the rearrangement of the magnetic field at the photospheric level, causing morphological changes in large and stable magnetic structures like sunspots. In this context, we describe observations acquired by satellite instruments (IRIS, SDO/HMI, Hinode/SOT) and ground-based telescopes (ROSA/DST) during two consecutive C7.0 and X1.6 flares occurred in active region NOAA 12205 on 2014 November 7. The flare was accompanied by an eruption. The results of the analysis show the presence of continuum enhancements during the evolution of the events, observed both in ROSA images and in \textit{IRIS} spectra. In the latter, a prominent blue-shifted component is observed at the onset of the eruption. We investigate the role played by the evolution of the $\delta$ sunspots of the active region in the flare triggering, and finally we discuss the changes in the penumbrae surrounding these sunspots as a further consequence of these flares., Comment: 19 pages, accepted for ApJ; some figures are in B/W to accomplish size limits

Published
2019
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5. IRIS observations of magnetic interactions in the solar atmosphere between pre-existing and emerging magnetic fields. II. UV emission properties

Author

Guglielmino, Salvo L., Young, Peter R., and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Multi-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) observations by the IRIS satellite in active region NOAA 12529 have recently pointed out the presence of long-lasting brightenings, akin to UV bursts, and simultaneous plasma ejections occurring in the upper chromosphere and transition region during secondary flux emergence. These signatures have been interpreted as evidence of small-scale, recurrent magnetic reconnection episodes between the emerging flux region (EFR) and the pre-existing plage field. Here, we characterize the UV emission of these strong, intermittent brightenings and we study the surge activity above the chromospheric arch filament system (AFS) overlying the EFR. We analyze the surges and the cospatial brightenings observed at different wavelengths. We find an asymmetry in the emission between the blue and red wings of the Si IV 1402 \AA{} and Mg II k 2796.3 \AA{} lines, which clearly outlines the dynamics of the structures above the AFS that form during the small-scale eruptive phenomena. We also detect a correlation between the Doppler velocity and skewness of the Si IV 1394 \AA{} and 1402 \AA{} line profiles in the UV burst pixels. Finally, we show that genuine emission in the Fe XII 1349.4 \AA{} line is cospatial to the Si IV brightenings. This definitely reveals a pure coronal counterpart to the reconnection event., Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures + 3 figures in the Appendix; accepted in ApJ

Published
2018
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6. IRIS observations of magnetic interactions in the solar atmosphere between pre-existing and emerging magnetic fields. I. Overall evolution

Author

Guglielmino, Salvo L., Zuccarello, Francesca, Young, Peter R., Murabito, Mariariata, and Romano, Paolo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We report multi-wavelength ultraviolet observations taken with the IRIS satellite, concerning the emergence phase in the upper chromosphere and transition region of an emerging flux region (EFR) embedded in the pre-existing field of active region NOAA 12529. IRIS data are complemented by full-disk observations of the Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite, relevant to the photosphere and the corona. The photospheric configuration of the EFR is also analyzed by measurements taken with the spectropolarimeter aboard the Hinode satellite, when the EFR was fully developed. Recurrent intense brightenings that resemble UV bursts, with counterparts in all coronal passbands, are identified at the edges of the EFR. Jet activity is also observed at chromospheric and coronal levels, near the observed brightenings. The analysis of the IRIS line profiles reveals the heating of dense plasma in the low solar atmosphere and the driving of bi-directional high-velocity flows with speed up to 100 km/s at the same locations. Compared with previous observations and numerical models, these signatures suggest evidence of several long-lasting, small-scale magnetic reconnection episodes between the emerging bipole and the ambient field. This process leads to the cancellation of a pre-existing photospheric flux concentration and appears to occur higher in the atmosphere than usually found in UV bursts, explaining the observed coronal counterparts., Comment: 12 figures, accepted in ApJ

Published
2018
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7. H${\alpha}$ and H${\beta}$ emission in a C3.3 solar flare: comparison between observations and simulations

Author

Capparelli, Vincenzo, Zuccarello, Francesca, Romano, Paolo, Simoes, Paulo J. A., Fletcher, Lyndsay, Kuridze, David, Mathioudakis, Mihalis, Keys, Peter H., Cauzzi, Gianna, and Carlsson, Mats

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The Hydrogen Balmer series is a basic radiative loss channel from the flaring solar chromosphere. We report here on the analysis of an extremely rare set of simultaneous observations of a solar flare in the H${\alpha}$ and H${\beta}$ lines at high spatial and temporal resolution, which were acquired at the Dunn Solar Telescope. Images of the C3.3 flare (SOL2014-04-22T15:22) made at various wavelengths along the H${\alpha}$ line profile by the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectrometer (IBIS) and in the H${\beta}$ with the Rapid Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere (ROSA) broadband imager are analyzed to obtain the intensity evolution. The H${\alpha}$ and H${\beta}$ intensity excesses in three identified flare footpoints are well correlated in time. We examine the ratio of H${\alpha}$ to H${\beta}$ flare excess, which was proposed by previous authors as a possible diagnostic of the level of electron beam energy input. In the stronger footpoints, the typical value of the the H${\alpha}$/H${\beta}$ intensity ratio observed is $\sim 0.4-0.5$, in broad agreement with values obtained from a RADYN non-LTE simulation driven by an electron beam with parameters constrained (as far as possible) by observation. The weaker footpoint has a larger H${\alpha}$/H${\beta}$ ratio, again consistent with a RADYN simulation but with a smaller energy flux. The H${\alpha}$ line profiles observed have a less prominent central reversal than is predicted by the RADYN results, but can be brought into agreement if the H${\alpha}$-emitting material has a filling factor of around 0.2--0.3., Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures

Published
2017
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8. Observational Evidence of a Flux Rope within a Sunspot Umbra

Author

Guglielmino, Salvo L., Romano, Paolo, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We observed an elongated filamentary bright structure inside the umbra of the big sunspot in active region NOAA 12529, which differs from the light bridges usually observed in sunspots for its morphology, magnetic configuration, and velocity field. We used observations taken with the Solar Dynamic Observatory satellite to characterize this feature. Its lifetime is 5 days, during which it reaches a maximum length of about 30". In the maps of the vertical component of the photospheric magnetic field, a portion of the feature has a polarity opposite to that of the hosting sunspot. At the same time, in the entire feature the horizontal component of the magnetic field is about 2000 G, substantially stronger than in the surrounding penumbral filaments. Doppler velocity maps reveal the presence of both upward and downward plasma motions along the structure at the photospheric level. Moreover, looking at the chromospheric level, we noted that it is located in a region corresponding to the edge of a small filament which seems rooted in the sunspot umbra. Therefore, we interpreted the bright structure as the photospheric counterpart of a flux rope touching the sunspot and giving rise to penumbral-like filaments in the umbra., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for ApJL

Published
2017
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9. Polarised kink waves in magnetic elements: evidence for chromospheric helical waves

Author

Stangalini, Marco, Giannattasio, Fabio, Erdélyi, Robertus, Jafarzadeh, Shahin, Consolini, Giuseppe, Criscuoli, Serena, Ermolli, Ilaria, Guglielmino, Salvo Luigi, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

In recent years, new high spatial resolution observations of the Sun's atmosphere have revealed the presence of a plethora of small-scale magnetic elements down to the resolution limit of current cohort of solar telescopes ($\sim 100-120$ km on the solar photosphere). These small magnetic field concentrations, due to the granular buffeting, can support and guide several magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) wave modes that would eventually contribute to the energy budget of the upper layers of the atmosphere.\\ In this work, exploiting the high spatial and temporal resolution chromospheric data acquired with the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope (SST), and applying the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique to the tracking of the solar magnetic features, we analyse the perturbations of the horizontal velocity vector of a set of chromospheric magnetic elements. We find observational evidence that suggests a phase relation between the two components of the velocity vector itself, resulting in its helical motion., Comment: ApJ accepted

Published
2017
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10. The pre-penumbral magnetic canopy in the solar atmosphere

Author

MacTaggart, David, Guglielmino, Salvo, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Penumbrae are the manifestation of magnetoconvection in highly inclined (to the vertical direction) magnetic field. The penumbra of a sunspot tends to form, initially, along the arc of the umbra antipodal to the main region of flux emergence. The question of how highly inclined magnetic field can concentrate along the antipodal curves of umbrae, at least initially, remains to be answered. Previous observational studies have suggested the existence of some form of overlying magnetic canopy which acts as the progenitor for penumbrae. We propose that such overlying magnetic canopies are a consequence of how the magnetic field emerges into the atmosphere and are, therefore, part of the emerging region. We show, through simulations of twisted flux tube emergence, that canopies of highly inclined magnetic field form preferentially at the required locations above the photosphere., Comment: Accepted for ApJL

Published
2016
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11. Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Ahn, Eun-Joo, Samarai, Imen Al, Albuquerque, Ivone, Allekotte, Ingomar, Allison, Patrick, Almela, Alejandro, Castillo, Jesus Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Ambrosio, Michelangelo, Aminaei, Amin, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Arqueros, Fernando, Arsene, Nicusor, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Aublin, Julien, Avila, Gualberto, Awal, Nafiun, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Baus, Colin, Beatty, Jim, Becker, Karl Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter, Billoir, Pierre, Blaess, Simon G., Blanco, Alberto, Blanco, Miguel, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Blümer, Hans, Boháčová, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Borodai, Nataliia, Brack, Jeffrey, Brancus, Iliana, Bretz, Thomas, Bridgeman, Ariel, Brogueira, Pedro, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Barbara, Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Candusso, Marina, Caramete, Laurentiu, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cester, Rosanna, Chavez, Alan G., Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Cilmo, Marco, Clay, Roger W, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Collica, Laura, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Contreras, Fernando, Cooper, Mathew J., Cordier, Alain, Coutu, Stephane, Covault, Corbin, Cronin, James, Dallier, Richard, Daniel, Bruno, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., de Almeida, Rogerio M., de Jong, Sijbrand J., De Mauro, Giuseppe, Neto, Joao de Mello, De Mitri, Ivan, de Oliveira, Jaime, de Souza, Vitor, del Peral, Luis, Deligny, Olivier, Dhital, Niraj, Di Giulio, Claudio, Di Matteo, Armando, Diaz, Johana Chirinos, Castro, Mary Lucia Díaz, Diogo, Francisco, Dobrigkeit, Carola, Docters, Wendy, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorofeev, Alexei, Hasankiadeh, Qader Dorosti, Anjos, Rita dos, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Erdmann, Martin, Erfani, Mona, Escobar, Carlos O., Espadanal, Joao, Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Fang, Ke, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Ferguson, Andrew P., Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filevich, Alberto, Filipčič, Andrej, Fratu, Octavian, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, García, Beatriz, Garcia-Gamez, Diego, Garcia-Pinto, Diego, Gate, Florian, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Głas, Dariusz, Glaser, Christian, Glass, Henry, Golup, Geraldina, Berisso, Mariano Gómez, Vitale, Primo F. Gómez, González, Nicolás, Gookin, Ben, Gordon, Jacob, Gorgi, Alessio, Gorham, Peter, Gouffon, Philippe, Griffith, Nathan, Grillo, Aurelio, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harrison, Thomas A., Hartmann, Sebastian, Harton, John, Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Heimann, Philipp, Herve, Alexander E., Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hollon, Nicholas, Holt, Ewa, Homola, Piotr, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huber, Daniel, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Jandt, Ingolf, Jansen, Stefan, Jarne, Cecilia, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Josebachuili, Mariela, Kääpä, Alex, Kambeitz, Olga, Kampert, Karl Heinz, Kasper, Peter, Katkov, Igor, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Ernesto, Kieckhafer, Roger, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Krause, Raphael, Krohm, Nicole, Kuempel, Daniel, Mezek, Gasper Kukec, Kunka, Norbert, Awad, Alaa Metwaly Kuotb, LaHurd, Danielle, Latronico, Luca, Lauer, Robert, Lauscher, Markus, Lautridou, Pascal, Coz, Sandra Le, Lebrun, Didier, Lebrun, Paul, de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Link, Katrin, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, Casado, Aida López, Louedec, Karim, Lucero, Agustin, Malacari, Max, Mallamaci, Manuela, Maller, Jennifer, Mandat, Dusan, Mantsch, Paul, Mariazzi, Analisa, Marin, Vincent, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, Humberto, Bravo, Oscar Martínez, Martraire, Diane, Meza, Jimmy Masías, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Mathys, Sebastian, Matthews, James, Matthews, John, Matthiae, Giorgio, Maurizio, Daniela, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina, Carlos, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Meissner, Rebecca, Mello, Victor, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Messina, Stefano, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Middendorf, Lukas, Minaya, Ignacio A., Miramonti, Lino, Mitrica, Bogdan, Molina-Bueno, Laura, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafá, Miguel, Moura, Celio A., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Müller, Gero, Müller, Sarah, Navas, Sergio, Necesal, Petr, Nellen, Lukas, Nelles, Anna, Neuser, Jens, Nguyen, Phong H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Niemietz, Lukas, Niggemann, Tim, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Lyberis, Núñez, Luis, Ochilo, Livingstone, Oikonomou, Foteini, Olinto, Angela, Pacheco, Noelia, Selmi-Dei, Daniel Pakk, Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Paul, Thomas, Pech, Miroslav, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Pepe, Iuri, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petermann, Emily, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Petrov, Yevgeniy, Phuntsok, Jamyang, Piegaia, Ricardo, Pierog, Tanguy, Pieroni, Pablo, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Plum, Matthias, Porcelli, Alessio, Porowski, Czeslaw, Prado, Raul Ribeiro, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Quel, Eduardo J, Querchfeld, Sven, Quinn, Sean, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravel, Olivier, Ravignani, Diego, Reinert, Darius, Revenu, Benoît, Ridky, Jan, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, de Carvalho, Washington Rodrigues, Rojo, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez, Rodríguez-Frías, Maria Dolores, Rogozin, Dmytro, Rosado, Jaime, Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Saffi, Steven J., Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salazar, Humberto, Saleh, Ahmed, Greus, Francisco Salesa, Salina, Gaetano, Gomez, Jose Sanabria, Sánchez, Federico, Sanchez-Lucas, Patricia, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarkar, Biswaijt, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Scarso, Carlos, Schauer, Markus, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schoorlemmer, Harm, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schulz, Alexander, Schulz, Johannes, Schumacher, Johannes, Sciutto, Sergio, Segreto, Alberto, Settimo, Mariangela, Shadkam, Amir, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Sima, Octavian, Śmiałkowski, Andrzej, Šmída, Radomir, Snow, Gregory, Sommers, Paul, Sonntag, Sebastian, Sorokin, J., Squartini, Ruben, Srivastava, Yogendra N., Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stapleton, James, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stephan, Maurice, Stutz, Anne, Suarez, Federico, Durán, Mauricio Suarez, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Sutherland, Michael, Swain, John, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Taborda, Oscar Alejandro, Tapia, Alex, Tepe, Andreas, Theodoro, Vanessa Menezes, Timmermans, Charles, Peixoto, Carlos J. Todero, Toma, Gabriel, Tomankova, Lenka, Tomé, Bernardo, Tonachini, Aurelio, Elipe, Guillermo Torralba, Machado, Diego Torres, Travnicek, Petr, Trini, Marta, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Galicia, Jose F. Valdés, Valiño, Ines, Valore, Laura, van Aar, Guus, van Bodegom, Patrick, Berg, Ad M. van den, van Velzen, Sjoert, van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Cárdenas, Bernardo Vargas, Varner, Gary, Vasquez, Rafael, Vázquez, Jose R., Vázquez, Ricardo, Veberič, Darko, Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Videla, Mariela, Villaseñor, Luis, Vlcek, Brian, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Wainberg, Oscar, Walz, David, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weidenhaupt, Klaus, Weindl, Andreas, Welling, Christoph, Werner, Felix, Widom, Allan, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Wykes, Sarka, Yang, Lili, Yapici, Tolga, Yushkov, Alexey, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Zimmermann, Benedikt, Ziolkowski, Michael, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory., Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary files

Published
2016
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12. Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Ahn, Eun-Joo, Samarai, Imen Al, Albuquerque, Ivone, Allekotte, Ingomar, Allison, Patrick, Almela, Alejandro, Castillo, Jesus Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Ambrosio, Michelangelo, Aminaei, Amin, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Arqueros, Fernando, Arsene, Nicusor, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Aublin, Julien, Avila, Gualberto, Awal, Nafiun, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Baus, Colin, Beatty, Jim, Becker, Karl Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter, Billoir, Pierre, Blaess, Simon G., Blanco, Alberto, Blanco, Miguel, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Blümer, Hans, Boháčová, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Borodai, Nataliia, Brack, Jeffrey, Brancus, Iliana, Bretz, Thomas, Bridgeman, Ariel, Brogueira, Pedro, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Barbara, Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Candusso, Marina, Caramete, Laurentiu, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cester, Rosanna, Chavez, Alan G., Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Cilmo, Marco, Clay, Roger W, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Collica, Laura, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Contreras, Fernando, Cooper, Mathew J., Cordier, Alain, Coutu, Stephane, Covault, Corbin, Cronin, James, Dallier, Richard, Daniel, Bruno, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., de Almeida, Rogerio M., de Jong, Sijbrand J., De Mauro, Giuseppe, Neto, Joao de Mello, De Mitri, Ivan, de Oliveira, Jaime, de Souza, Vitor, del Peral, Luis, Deligny, Olivier, Dhital, Niraj, Di Giulio, Claudio, Di Matteo, Armando, Diaz, Johana Chirinos, Castro, Mary Lucia Díaz, Diogo, Francisco, Dobrigkeit, Carola, Docters, Wendy, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorofeev, Alexei, Hasankiadeh, Qader Dorosti, Anjos, Rita dos, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Erdmann, Martin, Erfani, Mona, Escobar, Carlos O., Espadanal, Joao, Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Fang, Ke, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Ferguson, Andrew P., Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filevich, Alberto, Filipčič, Andrej, Fratu, Octavian, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, García, Beatriz, Garcia-Gamez, Diego, Garcia-Pinto, Diego, Gate, Florian, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Głas, Dariusz, Glaser, Christian, Glass, Henry, Golup, Geraldina, Berisso, Mariano Gómez, Vitale, Primo F. Gómez, González, Nicolás, Gookin, Ben, Gordon, Jacob, Gorgi, Alessio, Gorham, Peter, Gouffon, Philippe, Griffith, Nathan, Grillo, Aurelio, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harrison, Thomas A., Hartmann, Sebastian, Harton, John, Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Heimann, Philipp, Herve, Alexander E., Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hollon, Nicholas, Holt, Ewa, Homola, Piotr, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huber, Daniel, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Jandt, Ingolf, Jansen, Stefan, Jarne, Cecilia, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Josebachuili, Mariela, Kääpä, Alex, Kambeitz, Olga, Kampert, Karl Heinz, Kasper, Peter, Katkov, Igor, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Ernesto, Kieckhafer, Roger, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Krause, Raphael, Krohm, Nicole, Kuempel, Daniel, Mezek, Gasper Kukec, Kunka, Norbert, Awad, Alaa Metwaly Kuotb, LaHurd, Danielle, Latronico, Luca, Lauer, Robert, Lauscher, Markus, Lautridou, Pascal, Coz, Sandra Le, Lebrun, Didier, Lebrun, Paul, de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Link, Katrin, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, Casado, Aida López, Louedec, Karim, Lucero, Agustin, Malacari, Max, Mallamaci, Manuela, Maller, Jennifer, Mandat, Dusan, Mantsch, Paul, Mariazzi, Analisa, Marin, Vincent, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, Humberto, Bravo, Oscar Martínez, Martraire, Diane, Meza, Jimmy Masías, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Mathys, Sebastian, Matthews, James, Matthews, John, Matthiae, Giorgio, Maurizio, Daniela, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina, Carlos, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Meissner, Rebecca, Mello, Victor, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Messina, Stefano, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Middendorf, Lukas, Minaya, Ignacio A., Miramonti, Lino, Mitrica, Bogdan, Molina-Bueno, Laura, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafá, Miguel, Moura, Celio A., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Müller, Gero, Müller, Sarah, Navas, Sergio, Necesal, Petr, Nellen, Lukas, Nelles, Anna, Neuser, Jens, Nguyen, Phong H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Niemietz, Lukas, Niggemann, Tim, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Lyberis, Núñez, Luis, Ochilo, Livingstone, Oikonomou, Foteini, Olinto, Angela, Pacheco, Noelia, Selmi-Dei, Daniel Pakk, Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Paul, Thomas, Pech, Miroslav, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Pepe, Iuri, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petermann, Emily, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Petrov, Yevgeniy, Phuntsok, Jamyang, Piegaia, Ricardo, Pierog, Tanguy, Pieroni, Pablo, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Plum, Matthias, Porcelli, Alessio, Porowski, Czeslaw, Prado, Raul Ribeiro, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Quel, Eduardo J, Querchfeld, Sven, Quinn, Sean, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravel, Olivier, Ravignani, Diego, Reinert, Darius, Revenu, Benoît, Ridky, Jan, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, de Carvalho, Washington Rodrigues, Rojo, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez, Rodríguez-Frías, Maria Dolores, Rogozin, Dmytro, Rosado, Jaime, Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Saffi, Steven J., Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salazar, Humberto, Saleh, Ahmed, Greus, Francisco Salesa, Salina, Gaetano, Gomez, Jose Sanabria, Sánchez, Federico, Sanchez-Lucas, Patricia, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarkar, Biswaijt, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Scarso, Carlos, Schauer, Markus, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schoorlemmer, Harm, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schulz, Alexander, Schulz, Johannes, Schumacher, Johannes, Sciutto, Sergio, Segreto, Alberto, Settimo, Mariangela, Shadkam, Amir, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Sima, Octavian, Śmiałkowski, Andrzej, Šmída, Radomir, Snow, Gregory, Sommers, Paul, Sonntag, Sebastian, Sorokin, J., Squartini, Ruben, Srivastava, Yogendra N., Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stapleton, James, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stephan, Maurice, Stutz, Anne, Suarez, Federico, Durán, Mauricio Suarez, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Sutherland, Michael, Swain, John, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Taborda, Oscar Alejandro, Tapia, Alex, Tepe, Andreas, Theodoro, Vanessa Menezes, Tibolla, Omar, Timmermans, Charles, Peixoto, Carlos J. Todero, Toma, Gabriel, Tomankova, Lenka, Tomé, Bernardo, Tonachini, Aurelio, Elipe, Guillermo Torralba, Machado, Diego Torres, Travnicek, Petr, Trini, Marta, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Galicia, Jose F. Valdés, Valiño, Ines, Valore, Laura, van Aar, Guus, van Bodegom, Patrick, Berg, Ad M. van den, van Velzen, Sjoert, van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Cárdenas, Bernardo Vargas, Varner, Gary, Vasquez, Rafael, Vázquez, Jose R., Vázquez, Ricardo, Veberič, Darko, Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Videla, Mariela, Villaseñor, Luis, Vlcek, Brian, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Wainberg, Oscar, Walz, David, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weidenhaupt, Klaus, Weindl, Andreas, Welling, Christoph, Werner, Felix, Widom, Allan, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Wykes, Sarka, Yang, Lili, Yapici, Tolga, Yushkov, Alexey, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Zimmermann, Benedikt, Ziolkowski, Michael, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal., Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI

Published
2015
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13. An improved limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high energy neutrinos from the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Ahn, Eun-Joo, Samarai, Imen Al, Albuquerque, Ivone, Allekotte, Ingomar, Allison, Patrick, Almela, Alejandro, Castillo, Jesus Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Ambrosio, Michelangelo, Aminaei, Amin, Anchordoqui, Luis, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Aranda, Victor Manuel, Arqueros, Fernando, Arsene, Nicusor, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Aublin, Julien, Ave, Maximo, Avenier, Michel, Avila, Gualberto, Awal, Nafiun, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Barber, Kerri B, Bäuml, Julia, Baus, Colin, Beatty, Jim, Becker, Karl Heinz, Bellido, Jose A, Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter, Billoir, Pierre, Blaess, Simon G, Blanco, Alberto, Blanco, Miguel, Bleve, Carla, Blümer, Hans, Boháčová, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Borodai, Nataliia, Brack, Jeffrey, Brancus, Iliana, Bridgeman, Ariel, Brogueira, Pedro, Brown, William C, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S, Caccianiga, Barbara, Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Candusso, Marina, Caramete, Laurentiu, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cester, Rosanna, Chavez, Alan G, Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Cilmo, Marco, Clay, Roger W, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Collica, Laura, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Contreras, Fernando, Cooper, Mathew J, Cordier, Alain, Coutu, Stephane, Covault, Corbin, Cronin, James, Dallier, Richard, Daniel, Bruno, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R, de Almeida, Rogerio M, de Jong, Sijbrand J, De Mauro, Giuseppe, Neto, Joao de Mello, De Mitri, Ivan, de Oliveira, Jaime, de Souza, Vitor, del Peral, Luis, Deligny, Olivier, Dembinski, Hans, Dhital, Niraj, Di Giulio, Claudio, Di Matteo, Armando, Diaz, Johana Chirinos, Castro, Mary Lucia Díaz, Diogo, Francisco, Dobrigkeit, Carola, Docters, Wendy, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorofeev, Alexei, Hasankiadeh, Qader Dorosti, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Erdmann, Martin, Erfani, Mona, Escobar, Carlos O, Espadanal, Joao, Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Fang, Ke, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Ferguson, Andrew P, Fernandes, Mateus, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filevich, Alberto, Filipčič, Andrej, Fox, Brendan, Fratu, Octavian, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fuchs, Benjamin, Fujii, Toshihiro, García, Beatriz, Garcia-Pinto, Diego, Gate, Florian, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Głas, Dariusz, Glaser, Christian, Glass, Henry, Golup, Geraldina, Berisso, Mariano Gómez, Vitale, Primo F Gómez, González, Nicolás, Gookin, Ben, Gordon, Jacob, Gorgi, Alessio, Gorham, Peter, Gouffon, Philippe, Griffith, Nathan, Grillo, Aurelio, Grubb, Trent D, Guardincerri, Yann, Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harrison, Thomas A, Hartmann, Sebastian, Harton, John, Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Heimann, Philipp, Herve, Alexander E, Hill, Gary C, Hojvat, Carlos, Hollon, Nicholas, Holt, Ewa, Homola, Piotr, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huber, Daniel, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Jandt, Ingolf, Jansen, Stefan, Jarne, Cecilia, Johnsen, Jeffrey A, Josebachuili, Mariela, Kääpä, Alex, Kambeitz, Olga, Kampert, Karl Heinz, Kasper, Peter, Katkov, Igor, Kégl, Balazs, Keilhauer, Bianca, Keivani, Azadeh, Kemp, Ernesto, Kieckhafer, Roger, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Krause, Raphael, Krohm, Nicole, Krömer, Oliver, Kuempel, Daniel, Kunka, Norbert, LaHurd, Danielle, Latronico, Luca, Lauer, Robert, Lauscher, Markus, Lautridou, Pascal, Coz, Sandra Le, Lebrun, Didier, Lebrun, Paul, de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Link, Katrin, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, Casado, Aida López, Louedec, Karim, Lu, Lu, Lucero, Agustin, Malacari, Max, Maldera, Simone, Mallamaci, Manuela, Maller, Jennifer, Mandat, Dusan, Mantsch, Paul, Mariazzi, Analisa, Marin, Vincent, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martin, Lilian, Martinez, Humberto, Bravo, Oscar Martínez, Martraire, Diane, Meza, Jimmy Masías, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Mathys, Sebastian, Matthews, James, Matthews, John, Matthiae, Giorgio, Maurel, Detlef, Maurizio, Daniela, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina, Carlos, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Meissner, Rebecca, Mello, Victor, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Messina, Stefano, Meyhandan, Rishi, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Middendorf, Lukas, Minaya, Ignacio A, Miramonti, Lino, Mitrica, Bogdan, Molina-Bueno, Laura, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafá, Miguel, Moura, Celio A, Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Müller, Gero, Müller, Sarah, Mussa, Roberto, Navarra, Gianni, Navarro, Jose Luis, Navas, Sergio, Necesal, Petr, Nellen, Lukas, Nelles, Anna, Neuser, Jens, Nguyen, Phong H, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Niemietz, Lukas, Niggemann, Tim, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Lyberis, Ochilo, Livingstone, Oikonomou, Foteini, Olinto, Angela, Pacheco, Noelia, Selmi-Dei, Daniel Pakk, Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Paul, Thomas, Pech, Miroslav, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Pepe, Iuri, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petermann, Emily, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Petrov, Yevgeniy, Phuntsok, Jamyang, Piegaia, Ricardo, Pierog, Tanguy, Pieroni, Pablo, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Plum, Matthias, Porcelli, Alessio, Porowski, Czeslaw, Prado, Raul Ribeiro, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Purrello, Victor, Quel, Eduardo J, Querchfeld, Sven, Quinn, Sean, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravel, Olivier, Ravignani, Diego, Revenu, Benoît, Ridky, Jan, Riggi, Simone, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, de Carvalho, Washington Rodrigues, Fernandez, Gonzalo Rodriguez, Rojo, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez, Rodríguez-Frías, Maria Dolores, Rogozin, Dmytro, Rosado, Jaime, Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Saffi, Steven J, Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto, Saleh, Ahmed, Greus, Francisco Salesa, Salina, Gaetano, Sánchez, Federico, Sanchez-Lucas, Patricia, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarkar, Biswaijt, Sarmento, Raul, Sato, Ricardo, Scarso, Carlos, Schauer, Markus, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schiffer, Peter, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schoorlemmer, Harm, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G, Schulz, Alexander, Schulz, Johannes, Schumacher, Johannes, Sciutto, Sergio, Segreto, Alberto, Settimo, Mariangela, Shadkam, Amir, Shellard, Ronald C, Sidelnik, Iván, Sigl, Guenter, Sima, Octavian, Śmiałkowski, Andrzej, Šmída, Radomir, Snow, Gregory, Sommers, Paul, Sorokin, J, Squartini, Ruben, Srivastava, Yogendra N, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stapleton, James, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stephan, Maurice, Stutz, Anne, Suarez, Federico, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A Daniel, Sutherland, Michael, Swain, John, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Taborda, Oscar Alejandro, Tapia, Alex, Tepe, Andreas, Theodoro, Vanessa Menezes, Tiffenberg, Javier, Timmermans, Charles, Peixoto, Carlos J Todero, Toma, Gabriel, Tomankova, Lenka, Tomé, Bernardo, Tonachini, Aurelio, Elipe, Guillermo Torralba, Machado, Diego Torres, Travnicek, Petr, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Galicia, Jose F Valdés, Valiño, Ines, Valore, Laura, van Aar, Guus, van Bodegom, Patrick, Berg, Ad M van den, van Velzen, Sjoert, van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Cárdenas, Bernardo Vargas, Varner, Gary, Vasquez, Rafael, Vázquez, Jose R, Vázquez, Ricardo, Veberič, Darko, Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Videla, Mariela, Villaseñor, Luis, Vlcek, Brian, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Wainberg, Oscar, Walz, David, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weidenhaupt, Klaus, Weindl, Andreas, Werner, Felix, Widom, Allan, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Wykes, Sarka, Yang, Lili, Yapici, Tolga, Yushkov, Alexey, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Zhu, Yue, Zimmermann, Benedikt, Ziolkowski, Michael, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Neutrinos in the cosmic ray flux with energies near 1 EeV and above are detectable with the Surface Detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We report here on searches through Auger data from 1 January 2004 until 20 June 2013. No neutrino candidates were found, yielding a limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high energy neutrinos that challenges the Waxman-Bahcall bound predictions. Neutrino identification is attempted using the broad time-structure of the signals expected in the SD stations, and is efficiently done for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for "Earth-skimming" neutrino interactions in the case of tau neutrinos. In this paper the searches for downward-going neutrinos in the zenith angle bins $60^\circ-75^\circ$ and $75^\circ-90^\circ$ as well as for upward-going neutrinos, are combined to give a single limit. The $90\%$ C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high energy neutrinos with an $E^{-2}$ spectrum in the energy range $1.0 \times 10^{17}$ eV - $2.5 \times 10^{19}$ eV is $E_\nu^2 dN_\nu/dE_\nu < 6.4 \times 10^{-9}~ {\rm GeV~ cm^{-2}~ s^{-1}~ sr^{-1}}$., Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI

Published
2015
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14. Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Ahn, Eun-Joo, Samarai, Imen Al, Albuquerque, Ivone, Allekotte, Ingomar, Allison, Patrick, Almela, Alejandro, Castillo, Jesus Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Ambrosio, Michelangelo, Aminaei, Amin, Anchordoqui, Luis, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Aranda, Victor Manuel, Arqueros, Fernando, Arsene, Nicusor, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Aublin, Julien, Ave, Maximo, Avenier, Michel, Avila, Gualberto, Awal, Nafiun, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Barber, Kerri B, Bäuml, Julia, Baus, Colin, Beatty, Jim, Becker, Karl Heinz, Bellido, Jose A, Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter, Billoir, Pierre, Blaess, Simon G, Blanco, Alberto, Blanco, Miguel, Bleve, Carla, Blümer, Hans, Boháčová, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Borodai, Nataliia, Brack, Jeffrey, Brancus, Iliana, Bridgeman, Ariel, Brogueira, Pedro, Brown, William C, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S, Caccianiga, Barbara, Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Candusso, Marina, Caramete, Laurentiu, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cester, Rosanna, Chavez, Alan G, Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Cilmo, Marco, Clay, Roger W, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Collica, Laura, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Contreras, Fernando, Cooper, Mathew J, Cordier, Alain, Coutu, Stephane, Covault, Corbin, Cronin, James, Dallier, Richard, Daniel, Bruno, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R, de Almeida, Rogerio M, de Jong, Sijbrand J, De Mauro, Giuseppe, Neto, Joao de Mello, De Mitri, Ivan, de Oliveira, Jaime, de Souza, Vitor, del Peral, Luis, Deligny, Olivier, Dembinski, Hans, Dhital, Niraj, Di Giulio, Claudio, Di Matteo, Armando, Diaz, Johana Chirinos, Castro, Mary Lucia Díaz, Diogo, Francisco, Dobrigkeit, Carola, Docters, Wendy, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorofeev, Alexei, Hasankiadeh, Qader Dorosti, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Erdmann, Martin, Erfani, Mona, Escobar, Carlos O, Espadanal, Joao, Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Fang, Ke, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Ferguson, Andrew P, Fernandes, Mateus, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filevich, Alberto, Filipčič, Andrej, Fox, Brendan, Fratu, Octavian, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fuchs, Benjamin, Fujii, Toshihiro, García, Beatriz, Garcia-Pinto, Diego, Gate, Florian, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Głas, Dariusz, Glaser, Christian, Glass, Henry, Golup, Geraldina, Berisso, Mariano Gómez, Vitale, Primo F Gómez, González, Nicolás, Gookin, Ben, Gordon, Jacob, Gorgi, Alessio, Gorham, Peter, Gouffon, Philippe, Griffith, Nathan, Grillo, Aurelio, Grubb, Trent D, Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harrison, Thomas A, Hartmann, Sebastian, Harton, John, Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Heimann, Philipp, Herve, Alexander E, Hill, Gary C, Hojvat, Carlos, Hollon, Nicholas, Holt, Ewa, Homola, Piotr, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huber, Daniel, Huege, Tim, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Jandt, Ingolf, Jansen, Stefan, Jarne, Cecilia, Johnsen, Jeffrey A, Josebachuili, Mariela, Kääpä, Alex, Kambeitz, Olga, Kampert, Karl Heinz, Kasper, Peter, Katkov, Igor, Kégl, Balazs, Keilhauer, Bianca, Keivani, Azadeh, Kemp, Ernesto, Kieckhafer, Roger, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Krause, Raphael, Krohm, Nicole, Krömer, Oliver, Kuempel, Daniel, Kunka, Norbert, LaHurd, Danielle, Latronico, Luca, Lauer, Robert, Lauscher, Markus, Lautridou, Pascal, Coz, Sandra Le, Lebrun, Didier, Lebrun, Paul, de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Link, Katrin, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, Casado, Aida López, Louedec, Karim, Lu, Lu, Lucero, Agustin, Malacari, Max, Maldera, Simone, Mallamaci, Manuela, Maller, Jennifer, Mandat, Dusan, Mantsch, Paul, Mariazzi, Analisa, Marin, Vincent, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martin, Lilian, Martinez, Humberto, Bravo, Oscar Martínez, Martraire, Diane, Meza, Jimmy Masías, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Mathys, Sebastian, Matthews, James, Matthews, John, Matthiae, Giorgio, Maurel, Detlef, Maurizio, Daniela, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina, Carlos, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Meissner, Rebecca, Mello, Victor, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Messina, Stefano, Meyhandan, Rishi, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Middendorf, Lukas, Minaya, Ignacio A, Miramonti, Lino, Mitrica, Bogdan, Molina-Bueno, Laura, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafá, Miguel, Moura, Celio A, Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Müller, Gero, Müller, Sarah, Mussa, Roberto, Navarra, Gianni, Navas, Sergio, Necesal, Petr, Nellen, Lukas, Nelles, Anna, Neuser, Jens, Newton, David, Nguyen, Phong H, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Niemietz, Lukas, Niggemann, Tim, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Lyberis, Ochilo, Livingstone, Oikonomou, Foteini, Olinto, Angela, Olmos-Gilbaja, Victor, Pacheco, Noelia, Selmi-Dei, Daniel Pakk, Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Paul, Thomas, Pech, Miroslav, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Pepe, Iuri, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petermann, Emily, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Petrov, Yevgeniy, Phuntsok, Jamyang, Piegaia, Ricardo, Pierog, Tanguy, Pieroni, Pablo, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Plum, Matthias, Porcelli, Alessio, Porowski, Czeslaw, Prado, Raul Ribeiro, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Purrello, Victor, Quel, Eduardo J, Querchfeld, Sven, Quinn, Sean, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravel, Olivier, Ravignani, Diego, Revenu, Benoît, Ridky, Jan, Riggi, Simone, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, de Carvalho, Washington Rodrigues, Fernandez, Gonzalo Rodriguez, Rojo, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez, Rodríguez-Frías, Maria Dolores, Rogozin, Dmytro, Rosado, Jaime, Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Saffi, Steven J, Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto, Saleh, Ahmed, Greus, Francisco Salesa, Salina, Gaetano, Sánchez, Federico, Sanchez-Lucas, Patricia, Santos, Edivaldo Moura, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarkar, Biswaijt, Sarmento, Raul, Sato, Ricardo, Scarso, Carlos, Schauer, Markus, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schiffer, Peter, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schoorlemmer, Harm, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G, Schulz, Alexander, Schulz, Johannes, Schumacher, Johannes, Sciutto, Sergio, Segreto, Alberto, Settimo, Mariangela, Shadkam, Amir, Shellard, Ronald C, Sidelnik, Iván, Sigl, Guenter, Sima, Octavian, Śmiałkowski, Andrzej, Šmída, Radomir, Snow, Gregory, Sommers, Paul, Sorokin, J, Squartini, Ruben, Srivastava, Yogendra N, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stapleton, James, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stephan, Maurice, Stutz, Anne, Suarez, Federico, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A Daniel, Sutherland, Michael, Swain, John, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Taborda, Oscar Alejandro, Tapia, Alex, Tepe, Andreas, Theodoro, Vanessa Menezes, Timmermans, Charles, Peixoto, Carlos J Todero, Toma, Gabriel, Tomankova, Lenka, Tomé, Bernardo, Tonachini, Aurelio, Elipe, Guillermo Torralba, Machado, Diego Torres, Travnicek, Petr, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Galicia, Jose F Valdés, Valiño, Ines, Valore, Laura, van Aar, Guus, van Bodegom, Patrick, Berg, Ad M van den, van Velzen, Sjoert, van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Cárdenas, Bernardo Vargas, Varner, Gary, Vasquez, Rafael, Vázquez, Jose R, Vázquez, Ricardo, Veberič, Darko, Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Videla, Mariela, Villaseñor, Luis, Vlcek, Brian, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Wainberg, Oscar, Walz, David, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weidenhaupt, Klaus, Weindl, Andreas, Werner, Felix, Widom, Allan, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Wykes, Sarka, Yang, Lili, Yapici, Tolga, Yushkov, Alexey, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Zhu, Yue, Zimmermann, Benedikt, Ziolkowski, Michael, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV., Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI

Published
2015
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15. The magnetic structure of surges in small-scale emerging flux regions

Author

MacTaggart, David, Guglielmino, Salvo, Haynes, Andrew, Simitev, Radostin, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Aims: To investigate the relationship between surges and magnetic reconnection during the emergence of small-scale active regions. In particular, to examine how the large-scale geometry of the magnetic field, shaped by different phases of reconnection, guides the flowing of surges. Methods: We present three flux emergence models. The first model, and the simplest, consists of a region emerging into a horizontal ambient field that is initially parallel to the top of the emerging region. The second model is the same as the first but with an extra smaller emerging region which perturbs the main region. This is added to create a more complex magnetic topology and to test how this complicates the development of surges compared to the first model. The last model has a non-uniform ambient magnetic field to model the effects of emergence near a sunspot field and impose asymmetry on the system through the ambient magnetic field. At each stage, we trace the magnetic topology to identify the locations of reconnection. This allows for field lines to be plotted from different topological regions, highlighting how their geometry affects the development of surges. Results: In the first model, we identify distinct phases of reconnection. Each phase is associated with a particular geometry for the magnetic field and this determines the paths of the surges. The second model follows a similar pattern to the first but with a more complex magnetic topology and extra eruptions. The third model highlights how an asymmetric ambient field can result in preferred locations for reconnection, subsequently guiding the direction of surges., Comment: Accepted for A&A

Published
2015
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16. The role of filament activation in a solar eruption

Author

da Costa, Fatima Rubio, Zuccarello, Francesca, Fletcher, Lyndsay, Romano, Paolo, and Labrosse, Nicolas

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations show that the mutual relationship between filament eruptions and solar flares cannot be described in terms of an unique scenario. In some cases, the eruption of a filament appears to trigger a flare, while in others the observations are more consistent with magnetic reconnection that produces both the flare observational signatures (e.g., ribbons, plasma jets, post-flare loops, etc.) and later the destabilization and eruption of a filament. We study an event which occurred in NOAA 8471, where a flare and the activation of (at least) two filaments were observed on 28 February 1999. By using imaging data acquired in the 1216, 1600, 171 and 195 \AA\ TRACE channels and by BBSO in the continnum and in H$\alpha$, a morphological study of the event is carried out. Using TRACE 1216 and 1600 \AA\ data, an estimate of the "pure" Ly$\alpha$ power is obtained. The extrapolation of the magnetic field lines is done using the SOHO/MDI magnetograms and assuming a potential field. The potential magnetic field extrapolation indicates that the field line connectivity changes after the flare. The event is triggered by the destabilization of a filament located between the two polarities of a $\delta$ spot. This destabilization involves the magnetic arcades of the active region and causes the eruption of a second filament, that gives rise to a CME and to plasma motions over a supergranular cell. We conclude that in this event the two filaments play an active and decisive role, albeit in different stages of the phenomenon, in fact the destabilization of one filament causes brightenings, reconnection and ribbons, while the second one, whose eruption is caused by the field reconfiguration resulting from the previous reconnection, undergoes the greatest changes and causes the CME., Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures

Published
2014
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17. Observational evidence of torus instability as trigger mechanism for coronal mass ejections: the 2011 August 4 filament eruption

Author

Zuccarello, Francesco P., Seaton, Daniel B., Mierla, Marilena, Poedts, Stefaan, Rachmeler, Laurel A., Romano, Paolo, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Solar filaments are magnetic structures often observed in the solar atmosphere and consist of plasma that is cooler and denser than their surroundings. They are visible for days -- and even weeks -- which suggests that they are often in equilibrium with their environment before disappearing or erupting. Several eruption models have been proposed that aim to reveal what mechanism causes (or triggers) these solar eruptions. Validating these models through observations represents a fundamental step in our understanding of solar eruptions. We present an analysis of the observation of a filament eruption that agrees with the torus instability model. This model predicts that a magnetic flux rope embedded in an ambient field undergoes an eruption when the axis of the flux rope reaches a critical height that depends on the topology of the ambient field. We use the two vantage points of SDO and STEREO to reconstruct the three-dimensional shape of the filament, to follow its morphological evolution and to determine its height just before eruption. The magnetograms acquired by SDO/HMI are used to infer the topology of the ambient field and to derive the critical height for the onset of the torus instability. Our analysis shows that the torus instability is the trigger of the eruption. We also find that some pre-eruptive processes, such as magnetic reconnection during the observed flares and flux cancellation at the neutral line, facilitated the eruption by bringing the filament to a region where the magnetic field was more vulnerable to the torus instability., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, to appear in The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2014
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19. The Solar Activity Monitor Network – SAMNet

Author

Erdélyi Robertus, Korsós Marianna B., Huang Xin, Yang Yong, Pizzey Danielle, Wrathmall Steven A., Hughes Ifan G., Dyer Martin J., Dhillon Vikram S., Belucz Bernadett, Brajša Roman, Chatterjee Piyali, Cheng Xuewu, Deng Yuanyong, Domínguez Santiago Vargas, Joya Raúl, Gömöry Peter, Gyenge Norbert G., Hanslmeier Arnold, Kucera Ales, Kuridze David, Li Faquan, Liu Zhong, Xu Long, Mathioudakis Mihalis, Matthews Sarah, McAteer James R.T., Pevtsov Alexei A., Pötzi Werner, Romano Paolo, Shen Jinhua, Temesváry János, Tlatov Andrey G., Triana Charles, Utz Dominik, Veronig Astrid M., Wang Yuming, Yan Yihua, Zaqarashvili Teimuraz, and Zuccarello Francesca

Subjects
sun-flares-precursors, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

The Solar Activity Magnetic Monitor (SAMM) Network (SAMNet) is a future UK-led international network of ground-based solar telescope stations. SAMNet, at its full capacity, will continuously monitor the Sun’s intensity, magnetic, and Doppler velocity fields at multiple heights in the solar atmosphere (from photosphere to upper chromosphere). Each SAMM sentinel will be equipped with a cluster of identical telescopes each with a different magneto-optical filter (MOFs) to take observations in K I, Na D, and Ca I spectral bands. A subset of SAMM stations will have white-light coronagraphs and emission line coronal spectropolarimeters. The objectives of SAMNet are to provide observational data for space weather research and forecast. The goal is to achieve an operationally sufficient lead time of e.g., flare warning of 2–8 h and provide many sought-after continuous synoptic maps (e.g., LoS magnetic and velocity fields, intensity) of the lower solar atmosphere with a spatial resolution limited only by seeing or diffraction limit, and with a cadence of 10 min. The individual SAMM sentinels will be connected to their master HQ hub where data received from all the slave stations will be automatically processed and flare warning issued up to 26 h in advance.

Published
2022
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20. Firefly: The Case for a Holistic Understanding of the Global Structure and Dynamics of the Sun and the Heliosphere

Author

Raouafi, Nour E., primary, Hoeksema, J. Todd, additional, Newmark, Jeffrey S., additional, Gibson, Sarah, additional, Berger, Thomas E., additional, Upton, Lisa A., additional, Vourlidas, Angelos, additional, Hassler, Donald M., additional, Kinnison, James, additional, Ho, George C., additional, Mason, Glenn M., additional, Vievering, Juliana T., additional, Viall, Nicholeen M., additional, Szabo, Adam, additional, Casti, Marta, additional, Case, Anthony W., additional, Lepri, Susan T., additional, Velli, Marco, additional, Georgoulis, Manolis K., additional, Bourouaine, Sofiane, additional, Jagarlamudi, Vamsee K., additional, Laming, John M., additional, Mason, James P., additional, Harra, Louise, additional, Madjarska, Maria, additional, Chitta, Lakshmi Pradeep, additional, Duran, J. Sebastian Castellanos, additional, Korpi-Lagg, Andreas, additional, Badman, Samuel, additional, Chifu, Iulia, additional, Lario, David, additional, Wing, Simon, additional, Bale, Stuart, additional, Paouris, Evangelos, additional, Narayanamurthy, Smitha, additional, Sinjan, Jonas, additional, Bernasconi, Pietro, additional, Krivova, Natalie, additional, Gizon, Laurent, additional, Leamon, Robert J., additional, Gosain, Sanjay, additional, Kazachenko, Maria, additional, Petrie, Gordon, additional, Pillet, Valentin Martinez, additional, Jain, Kiran, additional, Luhmann, Janet, additional, Bertello, Luca, additional, Toriumi, Shin, additional, Jiang, Chen, additional, Vasko, Ivan, additional, Harvey, John W., additional, Schad, Thomas A., additional, Jebaraj, Immanuel C., additional, Scherrer, Philip, additional, Hofmeister, Stefan, additional, Tiwari, Sanjiv, additional, Wang, Haimin, additional, Roth, Markus, additional, Panesar, Navdeep, additional, Sekii, Takashi, additional, Magyar, Norbert, additional, Guglielmino, Salvo L., additional, Parenti, Susanna, additional, Tremblay, Benoit, additional, Tziotziou, Kostas, additional, Toma, Giuliana de, additional, Chen, Bin, additional, Katsukawa, Yukio, additional, Pontieu, Bart De, additional, Cheng, Xin, additional, Cheung, Mark, additional, Kosovichev, Alexander, additional, Jiang, Jie, additional, Schunker, Hannah, additional, Kawabata, Yusuke, additional, Oba, Takayoshi, additional, Cameron, Robert, additional, Mathew, Shibu K., additional, Rodriguez, Jaime de la Cruz, additional, Kusano, Kanya, additional, Temmer, Manuela, additional, Andretta, Vincenzo, additional, Sven, Wedemeyer, additional, Samara, Evangelia, additional, Heinemann, Stephan G., additional, Warmuth, Alexander, additional, Jafarzadeh, Shahin, additional, Mackay, Duncan H., additional, Fludra, Andrzej, additional, Rubio, Luis Bellot, additional, Suárez, David Orozco, additional, Chen, Thomas Y., additional, Kontogiannis, Ioannis, additional, Yardley, Stephanie, additional, Veronig, Astrid, additional, Joshi, Jayant, additional, Spadaro, Daniele, additional, Kubo, Masahito, additional, Bose, Souvik, additional, González, Nazaret Bello, additional, Solanki, Sami, additional, Denker, Carsten, additional, Verma, Meetu, additional, Vocks, Christian, additional, Borrero, Juan Manuel, additional, Mathews, Nathaniel H., additional, Cury, Shannon, additional, Sasso, Clementina, additional, Stenborg, Guillermo, additional, Tibebu, Getachew, additional, Battams, Karl, additional, Wijsen, Nicolas, additional, Bruno, Alessandro, additional, Peter, Hardi, additional, I., Mason Emily, additional, M., Caplan Ronald, additional, Martinez-Sykora, Juan, additional, Seaton, Daniel, additional, Airapetian, Vladimir, additional, Jian, Lan, additional, Thompson, William T., additional, Ofman, Leon, additional, Wallace, Samantha, additional, Kucera, Therese, additional, Desai, Ravindra, additional, Richardson, Ian, additional, Burkepile, Joan, additional, Cranmer, Steven, additional, Strauss, R. Du Toit, additional, Murabito, Mariarita, additional, Alfred, De Wijn, additional, Xie, Hong, additional, Rempel, Matthias, additional, Webber, Shea Hess, additional, Reeves, Katharine K., additional, Hurlburt, Neal, additional, Berrilli, Francesco, additional, DeLuca, Edward, additional, Egeland, Ricky, additional, Ko, Yuan-Kuen, additional, Kee, Nathaniel Dylan, additional, Mahajan, Sushant S., additional, Craig, DeForest, additional, Wood, Brian E., additional, Chris, Chaston, additional, Nigro, Giuseppina, additional, Shaik, Shaheda Begum, additional, Gosic, Milan, additional, Shimizu, Toshifumi, additional, Zuccarello, Francesca, additional, Nitta, Nariaki, additional, Chatzistergos, Theodosios, additional, Fan, Yuhong, additional, Zhang, Jie, additional, Fehlmann, Andre, additional, Palmerio, Erika, additional, Ishikawa, Ryohtaroh T., additional, Danilovic, Sanja, additional, Skan, Moa, additional, Froment, Clara, additional, Baso, Carlos José Díaz, additional, Liang, Zhi-Chao, additional, Wit, Thierry Dudok de, additional, Barczynski, Krzysztof, additional, Johnston, Craig, additional, Pariat, Etienne, additional, Hadid, Lina, additional, Aulanier, Guillaume, additional, Brun, Allan Sacha, additional, Athanasios, Kouloumvakos, additional, Cauzzi, Gianna, additional, Dredger, Pauline, additional, French, Ryan, additional, Christian, Damian, additional, Linton, Mark, additional, Ireland, Jack, additional, Tarr, Lucas, additional, Strugarek, Antoine, additional, Uritsky, Vadim, additional, DeRosa, Marc, additional, Kretzschmar, Matthieu, additional, García, Rafael A., additional, Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G., additional, Mathur, Savita, additional, Breton, Sylvain N., additional, Pinto, Rui F., additional, Oliveros, Juan Carlos Martinez, additional, Loper, Robert, additional, Auchère, Frédéric, additional, Wang, Tongjiang, additional, Reginald, Nelson, additional, Cunha, Margarida S., additional, Teriaca, Luca, additional, Chintzoglou, Georgios, additional, Lynch, Benjamin J., additional, Linker, Jon, additional, Beck, Paul, additional, Shannon, Jackson, additional, Clare, Benjamin, additional, Krupiarz, Christopher, additional, Whiting, Ian D., additional, Byerly, Adam, additional, Bushman, Stewart, additional, Carrelli, David, additional, Kijewski, Seth, additional, Englander, Jacob, additional, Mizes, Adam, additional, Porter, Jamie, additional, O’Neill, Michael, additional, Chattopadhyay, Debarati, additional, Albers, Joshua, additional, Rast, Mark, additional, Ermolli, Ilaria, additional, Tzeng, Nigel, additional, Hudson, James F., additional, Giunta, Alessandra, additional, Buchlin, Éric, additional, Bommier, Véronique, additional, Duncan, Nicole, additional, Janvier, Miho, additional, Strecker, Hanna, additional, Siu, Azaymi, additional, Perri, Barbara, additional, Maksimovic, Milan, additional, Vilmer, Nicole, additional, Toledo-Redondo, Sergio, additional, Kuckein, Christoph, additional, Alberti, Tommaso, additional, Antolin, Patrick, additional, Cuadrado, Regina Aznar, additional, Berghmans, David, additional, Brigitte, Schmieder, additional, Bucik, Radoslav, additional, Calchetti, Daniele, additional, Caspi, Amir, additional, Cohen, Christina, additional, Corbard, Thierry, additional, Cremades, Hebe, additional, Cummings, Alan, additional, Dhakal, Suman, additional, Dolla, Laurent, additional, Dominique, Marie, additional, Emslie, Gordon, additional, Ferrente, Fabiana, additional, Finley, Adam J., additional, Fletcher, Lyndsay, additional, Fraschetti, Federico, additional, Gafeira, Ricardo, additional, Gissot, Samuel, additional, Hegde, Dinesha, additional, Hu, Qiang, additional, Innocenti, Maria Elena, additional, Jin, Meng, additional, Klein, Kristopher, additional, Kumar, Pankaj, additional, Lacatus, Daniela, additional, Liewer, Paulett, additional, Magdalenic, Jasmina, additional, Mandal, Sudip, additional, Mandrini, Cristina H., additional, Mierla, Marilena, additional, Miralles, Mari Paz, additional, Moore, Ron, additional, Neville, Jonathan, additional, Niembro, Tatiana, additional, Nikou, Eleni, additional, Nindos, Alexander, additional, Papaioannou, Athanasios, additional, Rajaguru, S. Paul, additional, Reville, Victor, additional, Rochus, Pierre, additional, Rodriguez, Luciano, additional, Romoli, Marco, additional, Shestov, Sergei, additional, Shi, Chen, additional, Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, additional, St. Cyr, O. C., additional, Sterling, Alphohse, additional, Stevens, Michael L., additional, Susino, Roberto, additional, Swisdak, Marc, additional, Thompson, Barbara J., additional, Valliappan, Senthamizh Pavai, additional, Verbeeck, Francis, additional, Bothmer, Volker, additional, Xudong, Sun, additional, Zhukov, Andrei, additional, Katsiyannis, Thanassis, additional, Owen, Christopher, additional, Karna, Nishu, additional, Janssens, Jan, additional, Khomenko, Elena, additional, Gary, Dale, additional, Bandyopadhyay, Riddhi, additional, Chhiber, Rohit, additional, Tenerani, Anna, additional, Rouillard, Alexis, additional, Patsourakos, Spiros, additional, Anastasiadis, Anastasios, additional, Bocchialini, Karine, additional, Moraitis, Kostas, additional, Rivera, Yeimy, additional, Drake, James, additional, Baudin, Frédéric, additional, Chandran, Benjamin, additional, Dayeh, Maher, additional, Reardon, Kevin, additional, Cairns, Iver, additional, Bizien, Nina, additional, Wexler, David, additional, Bahauddin, Shah, additional, Rodriguez-Pacheco, Javier, additional, Yu, Sijie, additional, Lee, Jeongwoo, additional, Gontikakis, Costis, additional, Koukras, Alexandros, additional, Contel, Olivier Le, additional, Pezzi, Oreste, additional, Kintziger, Christian, additional, Boumier, Patrick, additional, Balasis, Georgios, additional, Dikpati, Mausumi, additional, Pesnell, W. Dean, additional, Chai, Yi, additional, Nandy, Dibyendu, additional, Charles, Arge, additional, Corti, Claudio, additional, Zhao, Lulu, additional, Matthaeus, William H., additional, Gilly, Chris R., additional, Erlandson, Robert E., additional, Derouich, Moncef, additional, Zhao, Lingling, additional, Poedts, Stefaan, additional, Vieira, Luis, additional, Adhikari, Laxman, additional, Buitrago-Casas, Juan Camilo, additional, Huang, Jia, additional, Moestl, Christian, additional, Liu, Mingzhe, additional, Oloketuyi, Jacob, additional, Zhuang, Bin, additional, Rodríguez-García, Laura, additional, Perez, Jean Carlos, additional, Xu, Zigong, additional, Kooi, Jason, additional, Woodham, Lloyd D., additional, Tripathi, Durgesh, additional, Young, Peter, additional, López-Portela, Cynthia, additional, Cuesta, Manuel Enrique, additional, and Wilson, Lynn, additional

Published
2023
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21. Quo vadis, European Space Weather community?

Author

Lilensten Jean, Dumbović Mateja, Spogli Luca, Belehaki Anna, Van der Linden Ronald, Poedts Stefaan, Barata Teresa, Bisi Mario M., Cessateur Gaël, De Donder Erwin, Guerrero Antonio, Kilpua Emilia, Korsos Marianna B., Pinto Rui F., Temmer Manuela, Tsagouri Ioanna, Urbář Jaroslav, and Zuccarello Francesca

Subjects
space weather, programmatics, europe, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

This paper was written by a group of European researchers believing that now is the right time to frame the Space Weather and Space Climate discipline in Europe for future years. It is devoted to openly discussing the organisation and sustainability of the European Space Weather community and its assets in the (near) future. More specifically, we suggest that the European Space Weather community lacks a uniting organisation to help the community to sustain and develop the successful efforts made thus far. Our aim is not to draw a complete and exhaustive panorama of Space Weather throughout the world, nor even throughout Europe. It is not a new white paper on the science and applications: there exist many (e.g. Tsurutani et al., 2020 Nonlinear Processes Geophys 27(1): 75–119); nor another roadmap: several important have been published recently (e.g. Schrijver et al., 2015. Adv Space Res 55(12): 2745–2807; Opgenoorth et al., 2019. J Space Weather Space Clim 9: A37). Our aim is to question our practices and organisation in front of several changes that have occurred in the recent years and to set the ground to provide coordinated answers to these questions being posed in Europe, and to make these answers discussed throughout the world. This group was assembled first through a series of sessions devoted to the sustainability of Space Weather research during the European Space Weather Week (ESWW) series of meetings, specifically: ESWW 14 (2017), ESWW 15 (2018), and ESWW 16 (2019). It then grew from discussions and personal contacts. The authors do not pretend to identify the full range of opinions in Europe, although they do come from 13 different European countries with a large span of ages (around half are below the age of 40 years old at the time of writing) with a good gender balance ending with a diverse mix of young and motivated scientists and senior people who have played a role in shaping the Space Weather community in Europe. The questions and the propositions to organise Space Weather in Europe in the future result from their discussions through these meetings and through remote meetings during the pandemic. We wish to share them with all those who consider themselves as members of the European Space Weather community and/or are interested in its future and to propose actions. We do this, bearing in mind that Europe plays a key international role in Space Weather which extends beyond the ESA and EU/EC geographic area.

Published
2021
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23. IRIS Observations of Magnetic Interactions in the Solar Atmosphere Between Preexisting and Emerging Magnetic Fields. II. UV Emission Properties

Author

Guglielmino, Salvo L, Young, Peter R, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Solar Physics
Abstract

Multiwavelength ultraviolet (UV) observations by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph satellite in active region NOAA 12529 have recently pointed out the presence of long-lasting brightenings, akin to UV bursts, and simultaneous plasma ejections occurring in the upper chromosphere and transition region during secondary flux emergence. These signatures have been interpreted as evidence of small-scale, recurrent magnetic reconnection episodes between the emerging flux region (EFR) and the preexisting plage field. Here we characterize the UV emission of these strong, intermittent brightenings and study the surge activity above the chromospheric arch filament system (AFS) overlying the EFR. We analyze the surges and the cospatial brightenings observed at different wavelengths. We find an asymmetry in the emission between the blue and red wings of the Si iv λ1402 Å and Mg ii k λ2796.3 lines, which clearly outlines the dynamics of the structures above the AFS that form during the small-scale eruptive phenomena. We also detect a correlation between the Doppler velocity and skewness of the Si iv λλ1394 and 1402 line profiles in the UV burst pixels. Finally, we show that genuine emission in the Fe xii λ1349.4 line is cospatial to the Si iv brightenings. This definitely reveals a pure coronal counterpart to the reconnection event.

Published
2019
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24. Comprehensive Analysis of the Geoeffective Solar Event of 21 June 2015: Effects on the Magnetosphere, Plasmasphere, and Ionosphere Systems

Author

Piersanti, Mirko, primary, Alberti, Tommaso, additional, Bemporad, Alessandro, additional, Berrilli, Francesco, additional, Bruno, Roberto, additional, Capparelli, Vincenzo, additional, Carbone, Vincenzo, additional, Cesaroni, Claudio, additional, Consolini, Giuseppe, additional, Cristaldi, Alice, additional, Del Corpo, Alfredo, additional, Del Moro, Dario, additional, Di Matteo, Simone, additional, Ermolli, Ilaria, additional, Fineschi, Silvano, additional, Giannattasio, Fabio, additional, Giorgi, Fabrizio, additional, Giovannelli, Luca, additional, Guglielmino, Salvatore Luigi, additional, Laurenza, Monica, additional, Lepreti, Fabio, additional, Marcucci, Maria Federica, additional, Martucci, Matteo, additional, Mergè, Matteo, additional, Pezzopane, Michael, additional, Pietropaolo, Ermanno, additional, Romano, Paolo, additional, Sparvoli, Roberta, additional, Spogli, Luca, additional, Stangalini, Marco, additional, Vecchio, Antonio, additional, Vellante, Massimo, additional, Villante, Umberto, additional, Zuccarello, Francesca, additional, Heilig, Balázs, additional, Reda, Jan, additional, and Lichtenberger, János, additional

Published
2017
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26. The Solar Activity Monitor Network – SAMNet

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Austrian Science Fund, Erdélyi, Robertus, Utz, D., Zuccarello, Francesca, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Austrian Science Fund, Erdélyi, Robertus, Utz, D., and Zuccarello, Francesca

Abstract

The Solar Activity Magnetic Monitor (SAMM) Network (SAMNet) is a future UK-led international network of ground-based solar telescope stations. SAMNet, at its full capacity, will continuously monitor the Sun’s intensity, magnetic, and Doppler velocity fields at multiple heights in the solar atmosphere (from photosphere to upper chromosphere). Each SAMM sentinel will be equipped with a cluster of identical telescopes each with a different magneto-optical filter (MOFs) to take observations in K I, Na D, and Ca I spectral bands. A subset of SAMM stations will have white-light coronagraphs and emission line coronal spectropolarimeters. The objectives of SAMNet are to provide observational data for space weather research and forecast. The goal is to achieve an operationally sufficient lead time of e.g., flare warning of 2–8 h and provide many sought-after continuous synoptic maps (e.g., LoS magnetic and velocity fields, intensity) of the lower solar atmosphere with a spatial resolution limited only by seeing or diffraction limit, and with a cadence of 10 min. The individual SAMM sentinels will be connected to their master HQ hub where data received from all the slave stations will be automatically processed and flare warning issued up to 26 h in advance. © R. Erdélyi et al., Published by EDP Sciences 2022.

Published
2022

27. Comprehensive Analysis of the Geoeffective Solar Event of 21 June 2015: Effects on the Magnetosphere, Plasmasphere, and Ionosphere Systems

Author

Piersanti, Mirko, Alberti, Tommaso, Bemporad, Alessandro, Berrilli, Francesco, Bruno, Roberto, Capparelli, Vincenzo, Carbone, Vincenzo, Cesaroni, Claudio, Consolini, Giuseppe, Cristaldi, Alice, Del Corpo, Alfredo, Del Moro, Dario, Di Matteo, Simone, Ermolli, Ilaria, Fineschi, Silvano, Giannattasio, Fabio, Giorgi, Fabrizio, Giovannelli, Luca, Guglielmino, Salvatore Luigi, Laurenza, Monica, Lepreti, Fabio, Marcucci, Maria Federica, Martucci, Matteo, Mergè, Matteo, Pezzopane, Michael, Pietropaolo, Ermanno, Romano, Paolo, Sparvoli, Roberta, Spogli, Luca, Stangalini, Marco, Vecchio, Antonio, Vellante, Massimo, Villante, Umberto, Zuccarello, Francesca, Heilig, Balázs, Reda, Jan, and Lichtenberger, János

Published
2017
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33. Solar activity and its evolution across the corona: recent advances

Author

Zuccarello Francesca, Balmaceda Laura, Cessateur Gael, Cremades Hebe, Guglielmino Salvatore L., Lilensten Jean, Dudok de Wit Thierry, Kretzschmar Matthieu, Lopez Fernando M., Mierla Marilena, Parenti Susanna, Pomoell Jens, Romano Paolo, Rodriguez Luciano, Srivastava Nandita, Vainio Rami, West Matt, and Zuccarello Francesco P.

Subjects
solar activity, active regions, coronal mass ejections, shock propagation, solar irradiance, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Solar magnetism is responsible for the several active phenomena that occur in the solar atmosphere. The consequences of these phenomena on the solar-terrestrial environment and on Space Weather are nowadays clearly recognized, even if not yet fully understood. In order to shed light on the mechanisms that are at the basis of the Space Weather, it is necessary to investigate the sequence of phenomena starting in the solar atmosphere and developing across the outer layers of the Sun and along the path from the Sun to the Earth. This goal can be reached by a combined multi-disciplinary, multi-instrument, multi-wavelength study of these phenomena, starting with the very first manifestation of solar active region formation and evolution, followed by explosive phenomena (i.e., flares, erupting prominences, coronal mass ejections), and ending with the interaction of plasma magnetized clouds expelled from the Sun with the interplanetary magnetic field and medium. This wide field of research constitutes one of the main aims of COST Action ES0803: Developing Space Weather products and services in Europe. In particular, one of the tasks of this COST Action was to investigate the Progress in Scientific Understanding of Space Weather. In this paper we review the state of the art of our comprehension of some phenomena that, in the scenario outlined above, might have a role on Space Weather, focusing on the researches, thematic reviews, and main results obtained during the COST Action ES0803.

Published
2013
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35. Search for magnetically-induced signatures in the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez Castillo, Jesus, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis, Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter, Bister, Teresa, Biteau, Jonathan, Blanco, Alberto, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Boháčová, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Calcagni, Laura, Cancio, Ángel, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Choi, Koun, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., De Almeida, Rogerio M., De Jesús, Joaquín, De Jong, Sijbrand J., De Mauro, Giuseppe, De Mello Neto, Joao, De Mitri, Ivan, De Oliveira, Jaime, De Oliveira Franco, Danelise, De Souza, Vitor, Debatin, Joachim, Del Río, Mariano, Deligny, Olivier, Dhital, Niraj, Di Matteo, Armando, Díaz Castro, Mary Lucia, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorosti, Qader, Dos Anjos, Rita, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipčič, Andrej, Fodran, Tomas, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, Garcia Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Nicolás, Goos, Isabel, Góra, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Halliday, Robert, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Hulsman, Johannes, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Jurysek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kukec Mezek, Gasper, Lago, Bruno L., LaHurd, Danielle, Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Leigui De Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lorek, Ryan, Luce, Quentin, Lucero, Agustin, Machado Payeras, Allan, Malacari, Max, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, Humberto, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mockler, Daniela, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafá, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Núñez, Luis, Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Panetta, Maria Paola, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodriguez, Jesús, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues De Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saffi, Steven J., Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico, Moura Santos, Edivaldo, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Šmída, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Šupík, Jan, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Taboada, Alvaro, Tapia, Alex, Timmermans, Charles, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torralba Elipe, Guillermo, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Trini, Marta, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valiño, Ines, Valore, Laura, Van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Vargas Cárdenas, Bernardo, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberič, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Villaseñor, Luis, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zehrer, Lukas, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Ziolkowski, Michael, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Cherenkov counter: water, deflection, energy spectrum, magnetic field, GLAST, detector: fluorescence, mass spectrum, helium: nucleus, benchmark, thrust, cosmic radiation: UHE, AGN, cosmic radiation: acceleration, charge: electric, detector: surface, sensitivity, Auger, coherence, flux, observatory, gamma ray, multiplet, correlation, galaxy, signature
Published
2020
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36. Features of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above $2.5{\times} 10^{18}$ eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez Castillo, Jesus, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis, Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter, Bister, Teresa Karolin, Biteau, Jonathan, Blanco, Alberto, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Boháčová, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Calcagni, Laura, Cancio, Ángel, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Choi, Koun, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., De Almeida, Rogerio M., De Jesús, Joaquín, De Jong, Sijbrand J., De Mauro, Giuseppe, De Mello Neto, Joao, De Mitri, Ivan, De Oliveira, Jaime, De Oliveira Franco, Danelise, De Souza, Vitor, De Vito, Emanuele, Debatin, Joachim, Del Río, Mariano, Deligny, Olivier, Dembinski, Hans, Dhital, Niraj, Di Giulio, Claudio, Di Matteo, Armando, Díaz Castro, Mary Lucia, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorosti, Qader, Dos Anjos, Rita, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipčič, Andrej, Fodran, Tomas, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, Garcia Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Nicolás, Goos, Isabel, Góra, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Halliday, Robert, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Hulsman, Johannes, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Jurysek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kukec Mezek, Gasper, Lago, Bruno L., LaHurd, Danielle, Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Leigui De Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lorek, Ryan, Luce, Quentin, Lucero, Agustin, Machado Payeras, Allan, Malacari, Max, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, Humberto, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mockler, Daniela, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafá, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nellen, Lukas, Nguyen, Phong H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Núñez, Luis, Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Panetta, Maria Paola, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodriguez, Jesús, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues De Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Fernandez, Gonzalo, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saffi, Steven J., Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico, Moura Santos, Edivaldo, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schulz, Alexander, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Šmída, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Šupík, Jan, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Taboada, Alvaro, Tapia, Alex, Timmermans, Charles, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torralba Elipe, Guillermo, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Trini, Marta, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valiño, Ines, Valore, Laura, Van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Vargas Cárdenas, Bernardo, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberič, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Villaseñor, Luis, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zehrer, Lukas, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Ziolkowski, Michael, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
mass spectrum, observatory, cosmic radiation: energy spectrum, 5/3, spectral, energy: density, power spectrum, Auger, energy dependence
Published
2020
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37. Reconstruction of events recorded with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez Castillo, Jesus, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis, Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter, Billoir, Pierre, Bister, Teresa Karolin, Biteau, Jonathan, Blanco, Alberto, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Boháčová, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Bridgeman, Ariel, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Calcagni, Laura, Cancio, Ángel, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Choi, Koun, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., De Almeida, Rogerio M., De Jesús, Joaquín, De Jong, Sijbrand J., De Mauro, Giuseppe, De Mello Neto, Joao, De Mitri, Ivan, De Oliveira, Jaime, De Oliveira Franco, Danelise, De Souza, Vitor, De Vito, Emanuele, Debatin, Joachim, Del Río, Mariano, Deligny, Olivier, Dhital, Niraj, Di Matteo, Armando, Díaz Castro, Mary Lucia, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorosti, Qader, Dos Anjos, Rita, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipčič, Andrej, Fodran, Tomas, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, Garcia Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Nicolás, Goos, Isabel, Góra, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Halliday, Robert, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Hulsman, Johannes, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Jurysek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kukec Mezek, Gasper, Lago, Bruno L., LaHurd, Danielle, Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Leigui De Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lorek, Ryan, Luce, Quentin, Lucero, Agustin, Machado Payeras, Allan, Malacari, Max, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, Humberto, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mockler, Daniela, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafá, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Núñez, Luis, Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Panetta, Maria Paola, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodriguez, Jesús, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues De Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saffi, Steven J., Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico, Moura Santos, Edivaldo, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schulz, Alexander, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Šmída, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Šupík, Jan, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Taboada, Alvaro, Tapia, Alex, Timmermans, Charles, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torralba Elipe, Guillermo, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Trini, Marta, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valiño, Ines, Valore, Laura, Van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Vargas Cárdenas, Bernardo, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberič, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Villaseñor, Luis, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zehrer, Lukas, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Ziolkowski, Michael, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
cosmic radiation: primary, observatory, Cherenkov counter, showers: atmosphere, air, detector: surface, water, Auger, cascade
Published
2020
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38. Measurement of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum above $2.5{\times} 10^{18}$ eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Anchordoqui, Luis, dos Anjos, Rita, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Andrada, Belén, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipčič, Andrej, Fodran, Tomas, Freire, Martín Miguel, Andringa, Sofia, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, Garcia Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Aramo, Carla, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, González, Nicolás, Goos, Isabel, Góra, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Halliday, Robert, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Assis, Pedro, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Hulsman, Johannes, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Jurysek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Avila, Gualberto, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kukec Mezek, Gasper, Lago, Bruno L., LaHurd, Danielle, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Leigui de Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lorek, Ryan, Luce, Quentin, Bakalova, Alena, Lucero, Agustin, Machado Payeras, Allan, Malacari, Max, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Aglietta, Marco, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, Humberto, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Barbato, Felicia, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mockler, Daniela, Mollerach, Silvia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafá, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nellen, Lukas, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Nguyen, Phong H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Núñez, Luis, Palatka, Miroslav, Bellido, Jose A., Pallotta, Juan, Panetta, Maria Paola, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodriguez, Jesús, Berat, Corinne, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Bertou, Xavier, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues de Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Fernandez, Gonzalo, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Biermann, Peter, Ruehl, Philip, Saffi, Steven J., Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico, Moura Santos, Edivaldo, Santos, Eva, Bister, Teresa Karolin, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Albury, Justin M., Biteau, Jonathan, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schulz, Alexander, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Shellard, Ronald C., Blanco, Alberto, Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Šmída, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Blazek, Jiri, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suarez Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Šupík, Jan, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Bleve, Carla, Taboada, Alvaro, Tapia, Alex, Timmermans, Charles, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torralba Elipe, Guillermo, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Boháčová, Martina, Trimarelli, Caterina, Trini, Marta, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valiño, Ines, Boncioli, Denise, Valore, Laura, van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Vargas Cárdenas, Bernardo, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberič, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Bonifazi, Carla, Villaseñor, Luis, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zehrer, Lukas, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Borodai, Nataliia, Ziolkowski, Michael, Zuccarello, Francesca, Pierre Auger Collaboration, Botti, Ana Martina, Allekotte, Ingomar, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Calcagni, Laura, Almela, Alejandro, Cancio, Ángel, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Alvarez Castillo, Jesus, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Choi, Koun, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., de Almeida, Rogerio M., Alves Batista, Rafael, de Jesús, Joaquín, de Jong, Sijbrand J., De Mauro, Giuseppe, de Mello Neto, Joao, De Mitri, Ivan, de Oliveira, Jaime, de Oliveira Franco, Danelise, de Souza, Vitor, De Vito, Emanuele, Debatin, Joachim, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, del Río, Mariano, Deligny, Olivier, Dembinski, Hans, Dhital, Niraj, Di Giulio, Claudio, Di Matteo, Armando, Díaz Castro, Mary Lucia, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorosti, Qader, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Pierre Auger

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), cosmic radiation: energy spectrum, FOS: Physical sciences, anisotropy, power spectrum, UHE, Auger, flux, mass spectrum, observatory, cosmic rays, Experiments in gravity, ddc:530, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], cosmology, energy spectrum [cosmic radiation]
Abstract

We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays for energies above $2.5 {\times} 10^{18}~$eV based on 215,030 events recorded with zenith angles below $60^\circ$. A key feature of the work is that the estimates of the energies are independent of assumptions about the unknown hadronic physics or of the primary mass composition. The measurement is the most precise made hitherto with the accumulated exposure being so large that the measurements of the flux are dominated by systematic uncertainties except at energies above $5 {\times} 10^{19}~$eV. The principal conclusions are: (1) The flattening of the spectrum near $5 {\times} 10^{18}~$eV, the so-called "ankle", is confirmed. (2) The steepening of the spectrum at around $5 {\times} 10^{19}~$eV is confirmed. (3) A new feature has been identified in the spectrum: in the region above the ankle the spectral index $\gamma$ of the particle flux ($\propto E^{-\gamma}$) changes from $2.51 \pm 0.03~{\rm (stat.)} \pm 0.05~{\rm (sys.)}$ to $3.05 \pm 0.05~{\rm (stat.)} \pm 0.10~{\rm (sys.)}$ before changing sharply to $5.1 \pm 0.3~{\rm (stat.)} \pm 0.1~{\rm (sys.)}$ above $5 {\times} 10^{19}~$eV. (4) No evidence for any dependence of the spectrum on declination has been found other than a mild excess from the Southern Hemisphere that is consistent with the anisotropy observed above $8 {\times} 10^{18}~$eV., Comment: Published version; 16 figures, 6 table

Published
2020
Full Text
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39. Measurement of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum above 2.5 ×10 18 eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, A., Abreu, P., AGLIETTA, MARCO, Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., CASTELLINA, ANTONELLA, Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Díaz Castro, M. L., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., GORGI, Alessio, Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Kukec Mezek, G., Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Machado Payeras, A., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., PÈ©kala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Perez Armand, J., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schulz, A., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, Francesca, and Pierre Auger Collaboration

Abstract

We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays for energies above 2.5 ×1018 eV based on 215,030 events recorded with zenith angles below 60°. A key feature of the work is that the estimates of the energies are independent of assumptions about the unknown hadronic physics or of the primary mass composition. The measurement is the most precise made hitherto with the accumulated exposure being so large that the measurements of the flux are dominated by systematic uncertainties except at energies above 5 ×1019 eV . The principal conclusions are(1) The flattening of the spectrum near 5 ×1018 eV , the so-called "ankle," is confirmed. (2) The steepening of the spectrum at around 5 ×1019 eV is confirmed. (3) A new feature has been identified in the spectrum: in the region above the ankle the spectral index γ of the particle flux (∝E-γ) changes from 2.51 ±0.03 (stat ) ±0.05 (syst ) to 3.05 ±0.05 (stat ) ±0.10 (syst ) before changing sharply to 5.1 ±0.3 (stat ) ±0.1 (syst ) above 5 ×1019 eV . (4) No evidence for any dependence of the spectrum on declination has been found other than a mild excess from the Southern Hemisphere that is consistent with the anisotropy observed above 8 ×1018 eV .

Published
2020

40. Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between 2 ×10 17 and 2 ×10 18 eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, A., Abreu, P., AGLIETTA, MARCO, Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., CASTELLINA, ANTONELLA, Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Matteo, A., Díaz Castro, M. L., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., GORGI, Alessio, Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Kukec Mezek, G., Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Machado Payeras, A., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., PÈ©kala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Perez Armand, J., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Vaclavek, L., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, Francesca, and Auger Collaboration

Abstract

The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between 2 ×1017 and 2 ×1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at 1017.5eV and 1018eV . We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of 38 % ±4 %(12 %) ±18%21 % for EPOS-LHC, and of 50 %(53 %) ±4 %(13 %) ±20%23 % for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed.

Published
2020

41. Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5 ×10 18 eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, A., Abreu, P., AGLIETTA, MARCO, Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., CASTELLINA, ANTONELLA, Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Díaz Castro, M. L., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., GORGI, Alessio, Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Kukec Mezek, G., Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Machado Payeras, A., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., PÈ©kala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Perez Armand, J., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schulz, A., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, Francesca, and Pierre Auger Collaboration

Abstract

We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5 ×1018 eV based on 215 030 events. New results are presented: at about 1.3 ×1019 eV , the spectral index changes from 2.51 ±0.03 (stat ) ±0.05 (syst ) to 3.05 ±0.05 (stat ) ±0.10 (syst ) , evolving to 5.1 ±0.3 (stat ) ±0.1 (syst ) beyond 5 ×1019 eV , while no significant dependence of spectral features on the declination is seen in the accessible range. These features of the spectrum can be reproduced in models with energy-dependent mass composition. The energy density in cosmic rays above 5 ×1018 eV is [5.66 ±0.03 (stat ) ±1.40 (syst ) ]×1053 erg Mpc-3 .

Published
2020

42. Studies on the response of a water-Cherenkov detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to atmospheric muons using an RPC hodoscope

Author

Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez Castillo, Jesus, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Alves Batista, Rafael, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis, Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter, Bister, Teresa Karolin, Biteau, Jonathan, Blanco, Alberto, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Boháčová, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Calcagni, Laura, Cancio, Ángel, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Choi, Koun, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., De Almeida, Rogerio M., De Jesús, Joaquín, De Jong, Sijbrand J., De Mauro, Giuseppe, De Mello Neto, Joao, De Mitri, Ivan, De Oliveira, Jaime, De Oliveira Franco, Danelise, De Souza, Vitor, De Vito, Emanuele, Debatin, Joachim, Del Río, Mariano, Deligny, Olivier, Dhital, Niraj, Di Matteo, Armando, Díaz Castro, Mary Lucia, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorosti, Qader, Dos Anjos, Rita, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipčič, Andrej, Fodran, Tomas, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, Garcia Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Gollan, Fernando, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Nicolás, Goos, Isabel, Góra, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Halliday, Robert, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Hulsman, Johannes, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Jurysek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kukec Mezek, Gasper, Lago, Bruno L., LaHurd, Danielle, Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Leigui De Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, Lorek, Ryan, Luce, Quentin, Lucero, Agustin, Machado Payeras, Allan, Malacari, Max, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Marafico, Sullivan, Mariazzi, Analisa, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, Humberto, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mockler, Daniela, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Mostafá, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Mulrey, Katharine, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Núñez, Luis, Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Panetta, Maria Paola, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodriguez, Jesús, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues De Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saffi, Steven J., Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar Ibarguen, Humberto Antonio, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico, Moura Santos, Edivaldo, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Šmída, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Šupík, Jan, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Taboada, Alvaro, Tapia, Alex, Timmermans, Charles, Tkachenko, Olena, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torralba Elipe, Guillermo, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Trini, Marta, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Vacula, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valiño, Ines, Valore, Laura, Van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Vargas Cárdenas, Bernardo, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberič, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Villasenor-Cendejas, Luis Manuel, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zapparrata, Orazio, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zehrer, Lukas, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Ziolkowski, Michael, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
muon: atmosphere, observatory, showers: atmosphere, Cherenkov counter: water, air, hodoscope, resistive plate chamber, cosmic radiation: UHE, stability, calibration, muon: trajectory, Auger
Published
2020
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43. Cosmic-Ray Anisotropies in Right Ascension Measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albuquerque, Ivone, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez Castillo, Jesus, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis, Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Araújo Ferreira, Paulo Ricardo, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter, Bister, Teresa, Biteau, Jonathan, Blanco, Alberto, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Boháčová, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Bonneau Arbeletche, Luan, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Calcagni, Laura, Cancio, Ángel, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Choi, Koun, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Covault, Corbin, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., De Almeida, Rogerio M., De Jesús, Joaquín, De Jong, Sijbrand J., De Mauro, Giuseppe, De Mello Neto, Joao, De Mitri, Ivan, De Oliveira, Jaime, De Oliveira Franco, Danelise, De Souza, Vitor, Debatin, Joachim, Del Río, Mariano, Deligny, Olivier, Dhital, Niraj, Di Matteo, Armando, Díaz Castro, Mary Lucia, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorosti, Qader, Dos Anjos, Rita, Dova, Maria Teresa, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Epicoco, Italo, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Fick, Brian, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipčič, Andrej, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, Galea, Cristina, Galelli, Claudio, García, Beatriz, Garcia Vegas, Adrianna Luz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Nicolás, Goos, Isabel, Góra, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Halliday, Robert, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Hulsman, Johannes, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Jurysek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemp, Julian, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Köpke, Marcel, Kukec Mezek, Gasper, Kuotb Awad, Alaa, Lago, Bruno L., LaHurd, Danielle, Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Leigui De Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lo Presti, Domenico, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, López Casado, Aida, Lorek, Ryan, Luce, Quentin, Lucero, Agustin, Machado Payeras, Allan, Malacari, Max, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Mariazzi, Analisa, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, Humberto, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mockler, Daniela, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Morlino, Giovanni, Mostafá, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Müller, Sarah, Mussa, Roberto, Muzio, Marco, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Núñez, Luis, Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Panetta, Maria Paola, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodriguez, Jesús, Pereira, Luiz Augusto, Perez Armand, Johnnier, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Pont, Bjarni, Pothast, Mart, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues De Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saffi, Steven J., Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico, Moura Santos, Edivaldo, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schäfer, Christoph, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Šmída, Radomir, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Šupík, Jan, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Taboada, Alvaro, Taborda, Oscar Alejandro, Tapia, Alex, Timmermans, Charles, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torralba Elipe, Guillermo, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trimarelli, Caterina, Trini, Marta, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Vaclavek, Lukáš, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valiño, Ines, Valore, Laura, Van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Vargas Cárdenas, Bernardo, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberič, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Villaseñor, Luis, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yushkov, Alexey, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zehrer, Lukas, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Ziolkowski, Michael, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
observatory, detector: surface, trigger: efficiency, galaxy, cosmic radiation: anisotropy, dipole, Auger
Published
2020
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44. IBIS2.0: The new Interferometric BIdimensional Spectrometer

Author

Ermolli, Ilaria, primary, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Calderone, Giorgio, additional, Del Moro, Dario, additional, Romano, Paolo, additional, Viavattene, Giorgio, additional, Coretti, Igor, additional, Giorgi, Fabrizio, additional, Baldini, Veronica, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, Giovannelli, Luca, additional, Guglielmino, Salvatore Luigi, additional, Murabito, Mariarita, additional, Pedichini, Fernando, additional, Piazzesi, Roberto, additional, Aliverti, Matteo, additional, Redaelli, Edoardo, additional, Berrilli, Francesco, additional, and Zuccarello, Francesca, additional

Published
2020
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47. Inferences on mass composition and tests of hadronic interactions from 0.3 to 100 EeV using the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, A., Abreu, P., AGLIETTA, MARCO, Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., CASTELLINA, ANTONELLA, Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Chavez, A. G., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Cobos, A., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., D'Amico, S., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., Deligny, O., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Gaior, R., García, B., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gaté, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., GORGI, Alessio, Gorham, P., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, E., Kemp, J., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A., Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., Lauscher, M., Legumina, R., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariș, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Müller, G., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Naranjo, I., Nellen, L., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rogozin, D., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schulz, A., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., SEGRETO, ALBERTO, Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Smith, B., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Stolpovskiy, M., Strafella, F., Streich, A., Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. M., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wileman, C., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., Zuccarello, Francesca, Pierre Auger Collaboration, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées ( SUBATECH ), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ), Pierre Auger, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Chavez, A. G., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Cobos, A., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., D'Amico, S., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Debatin, J., Deligny, O., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Gaior, R., García, B., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gaté, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, Fausto., Guedes, G. P., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, E., Kemp, J., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A., Lago, B. L., Lahurd, D., Lang, R. G., Lauscher, M., Legumina, R., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Müller, G., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Naranjo, I., Nellen, L., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rogozin, D., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schulz, A., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Smith, B., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Stolpovskiy, M., Strafella, F., Streich, A., Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wileman, C., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., and Zuccarello, F.

Subjects
Hadronic interaction, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), interaction: model, Astronomy, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 01 natural sciences, UHE, Auger, mass spectrum, 98.70.Sa, Observatory, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, observatory, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, fluorescence, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 96.50.S, air, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, water, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, energy dependence, Nuclear physics, Cosmic ray composition, muon, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, 96.50.sd, High Energy Physics, Cherenkov radiation, Ciencias Exactas, 96.50.sb, Pierre Auger Observatory, Muon, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, ASTROFÍSICA, calibration, Cherenkov counter, electromagnetic, 13. Climate action, Cosmic ray spectra, Experimental High Energy Physics, Mass spectrum, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], statistical
Abstract

We present a new method for probing the hadronic interaction models at ultrahigh energy and extracting details about mass composition. This is done using the time profiles of the signals recorded with the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The profiles arise from a mix of the muon and electromagnetic components of air showers. Using the risetimes of the recorded signals, we define a new parameter, which we use to compare our observations with predictions from simulations. We find, first, inconsistencies between our data and predictions over a greater energy range and with substantially more events than in previous studies. Second, by calibrating the new parameter with fluorescence measurements from observations made at the Auger Observatory, we can infer the depth of shower maximum Xmax for a sample of over 81,000 events extending from 0.3 to over 100 EeV. Above 30 EeV, the sample is nearly 14 times larger than what is currently available from fluorescence measurements and extending the covered energy range by half a decade. The energy dependence of ❬Xmax❭ is compared to simulations and interpreted in terms of the mean of the logarithmic mass. We find good agreement with previous work and extend the measurement of the mean depth of shower maximum to greater energies than before, reducing significantly the statistical uncertainty associated with the inferences about mass composition., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo asociado., Instituto de Física La Plata

Published
2017

48. Multi-Messenger Physics With the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albuquerque, Ivone, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez Castillo, Jesus, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis, Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Baur, Sebastian, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter, Biteau, Jonathan, Blaess, Simon G., Blanco, Alberto, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Boháčová, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Bridgeman, Ariel, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Calcagni, Laura, Cancio, Ángel, Canfora, Fabrizia, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Cooper, Mathew J., Coutu, Stephane, Covault, Corbin, Daniel, Bruno, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., De Almeida, Rogerio M., De Jong, Sijbrand J., De Mauro, Giuseppe, De Mello Neto, Joao, De Mitri, Ivan, De Oliveira, Jaime, De Oliveira Salles, Filipe, De Souza, Vitor, Debatin, Joachim, Del Río, Mariano, Deligny, Olivier, Dhital, Niraj, Díaz Castro, Mary Lucia, Diogo, Francisco, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorosti, Qader, Dos Anjos, Rita, Dova, Maria Teresa, Dundovic, Andrej, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Ferreyro, Luciano Pablo, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipčič, Andrej, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, García, Beatriz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Głas, Dariusz, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Nicolás, Goos, Isabel, Góra, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Halliday, Robert, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harrison, Thomas A., Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Heimann, Philipp, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Holt, Ewa M., Homola, Piotr, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Hulsman, Johannes, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Jandt, Ingolf, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Josebachuili, Mariela, Jurysek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemmerich, Nikolas, Kemp, Julian, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Krause, Raphael, Kümpel, Daniel, Kukec Mezek, Gasper, Kuotb Awad, Alaa Metwaly, Lago, Bruno L., LaHurd, Danielle, Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Legumina, Remigiusz, Leigui De Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lippmann, Otto Carlos, Lo Presti, Domenico, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, López Casado, Aida, Lorek, Ryan, Luce, Quentin, Lucero, Agustin, Malacari, Max, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Mantsch, Paul, Mariazzi, Analisa, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, Humberto, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Mathys, Sebastian, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Middendorf, Lukas, Miramonti, Lino, Mitrica, Bogdan, Mockler, Daniela, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Morlino, Giovanni, Mostafá, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Müller, Sarah, Mussa, Roberto, Nellen, Lukas, Nguyen, Phong H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Núñez, Luis, Oikonomou, Foteino, Olinto, Angela, Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Panetta, Maria Paola, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodriguez, Jesús, Pereira, Luiz Augusto, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Phuntsok, Jamyang, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Poh, Jason, Pont, Bjarni, Porowski, Czeslaw, Prado, Raul Ribeiro, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Quinn, Sean, Ramos-Pollan, Raúl, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues De Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saffi, Steven J., Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico, Moura Santos, Edivaldo, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schauer, Markus, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schumacher, Johannes Christian, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Šmída, Radomir, Snow, Gregory, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Stolpovskiy, Mikhail, Streich, Alexander, Suarez, Federico, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Šupík, Jan, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Taboada, Alvaro, Taborda, Oscar Alejandro, Tapia, Alex, Timmermans, Charles, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torralba Elipe, Guillermo, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trini, Marta, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valiño, Ines, Valore, Laura, Van Bodegom, Patrick, Van Den Berg, Ad M., Van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Vargas Cárdenas, Bernardo, Veberič, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Villaseñor, Luis, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiedeński, Michał, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yang, Lili, Yushkov, Alexey, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zehrer, Lukas, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Zimmermann, Benedikt, Ziolkowski, Michael, Zong, Zizhao, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
energy: high, radiation: electromagnetic, cosmic radiation: energy, binary: compact, photon: energy, n: energy, neutrino: UHE, Auger, flux, messenger, observatory, VIRGO, HESS, correlation, cosmic radiation: UHE, galaxy, LIGO, performance
Published
2019
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50. Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, Alexander, Abreu, Pedro, Aglietta, Marco, Albuquerque, Ivone, Albury, Justin M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, Alejandro, Alvarez Castillo, Jesus, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Anastasi, Gioacchino Alex, Anchordoqui, Luis, Andrada, Belén, Andringa, Sofia, Aramo, Carla, Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, Pedro, Avila, Gualberto, Badescu, Alina Mihaela, Bakalova, Alena, Balaceanu, Alexandru, Barbato, Felicia, Barreira Luz, Ricardo Jorge, Baur, Sebastian, Becker, Karl-Heinz, Bellido, Jose A., Berat, Corinne, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bertou, Xavier, Biermann, Peter, Biteau, Jonathan, Blanco, Alberto, Blazek, Jiri, Bleve, Carla, Boháčová, Martina, Boncioli, Denise, Bonifazi, Carla, Borodai, Nataliia, Botti, Ana Martina, Brack, Jeffrey, Bretz, Thomas, Bridgeman, Ariel, Briechle, Florian Lukas, Buchholz, Peter, Bueno, Antonio, Buitink, Stijn, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero-Mora, Karen S., Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Calcagni, Laura, Cancio, Ángel, Canfora, Fabrizia, Caracas, Ioana, Carceller, Juan Miguel, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, Antonella, Catalani, Fernando, Cataldi, Gabriella, Cazon, Lorenzo, Cerda, Marcos, Chinellato, Jose Augusto, Choi, Kuon, Chudoba, Jiri, Chytka, Ladislav, Clay, Roger W., Cobos Cerutti, Agustín, Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, Alan, Coluccia, Maria Rita, Conceição, Ruben, Condorelli, Antonio, Consolati, Giovanni, Contreras, Fernando, Convenga, Fabio, Cooper, Mathew J., Coutu, Stephane, Covault, Corbin, Daniel, Bruno, Dasso, Sergio, Daumiller, Kai, Dawson, Bruce R., Day, Jarryd A., De Almeida, Rogerio M., De Jong, Sijbrand J., De Mauro, Giuseppe, De Mello Neto, Joao, De Mitri, Ivan, De Oliveira, Jaime, De Souza, Vitor, Debatin, Joachim, Del Río, Mariano, Deligny, Olivier, Dhital, Niraj, Di Matteo, Armando, Díaz Castro, Mary Lucia, Dobrigkeit, Carola, D'Olivo, Juan Carlos, Dorosti, Qader, Dos Anjos, Rita, Dova, Maria Teresa, Dundovic, Andrej, Ebr, Jan, Engel, Ralph, Erdmann, Martin, Escobar, Carlos O., Etchegoyen, Alberto, Falcke, Heino, Farmer, John, Farrar, Glennys, Fauth, Anderson, Fazzini, Norberto, Feldbusch, Fridtjof, Fenu, Francesco, Ferreyro, Luciano Pablo, Figueira, Juan Manuel, Filipčič, Andrej, Freire, Martín Miguel, Fujii, Toshihiro, Fuster, Alan, García, Beatriz, Gemmeke, Hartmut, Gesualdi, Flavia, Gherghel-Lascu, Alexandru, Ghia, Piera Luisa, Giaccari, Ugo, Giammarchi, Marco, Giller, Maria, Głas, Dariusz, Glombitza, Jonas, Gobbi, Fabian, Golup, Geraldina, Gómez Berisso, Mariano, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Gongora, Juan Pablo, González, Nicolás, Goos, Isabel, Góra, Dariusz, Gorgi, Alessio, Gottowik, Marvin, Grubb, Trent D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, Germano, Guido, Eleonora, Hahn, Steffen, Halliday, Robert, Hampel, Matías Rolf, Hansen, Patricia, Harari, Diego, Harrison, Thomas A., Harvey, Violet M., Haungs, Andreas, Hebbeker, Thomas, Heck, Dieter, Heimann, Philipp, Hill, Gary C., Hojvat, Carlos, Holt, Ewa M., Homola, Piotr, Hörandel, Jörg, Horvath, Pavel, Hrabovský, Miroslav, Huege, Tim, Hulsman, Johannes, Insolia, Antonio, Isar, Paula Gina, Johnsen, Jeffrey A., Jurysek, Jakub, Kääpä, Alex, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Keilhauer, Bianca, Kemmerich, Nikolas, Kemp, Julian, Klages, Hans, Kleifges, Matthias, Kleinfeller, Jonny, Kümpel, Daniel, Kukec Mezek, Gasper, Kuotb Awad, Alaa Metwaly, Lago, Bruno L., LaHurd, Danielle, Lang, Rodrigo Guedes, Legumina, Remigiusz, Leigui De Oliveira, Marcelo Augusto, Lenok, Vladimir, Letessier-Selvon, Antoine, Lhenry-Yvon, Isabelle, Lippmann, Otto Carlos, Lo Presti, Domenico, Lopes, Luis, López, Rebeca, López Casado, Aida, Lorek, Ryan, Luce, Quentin, Lucero, Agustin, Malacari, Max, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandat, Dusan, Manning, Bradley C., Manshanden, Julien, Mantsch, Paul, Mariazzi, Analisa, Mariş, Ioana, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, Humberto, Martínez Bravo, Oscar, Mastrodicasa, Massimo, Mathes, Hermann-Josef, Mathys, Sebastian, Matthews, James, Matthiae, Giorgio, Mayotte, Eric, Mazur, Peter, Medina-Tanco, Gustavo, Melo, Diego, Menshikov, Alexander, Merenda, Kevin-Druis, Michal, Stanislav, Micheletti, Maria Isabel, Miramonti, Lino, Mockler, Daniela, Mollerach, Silvia, Montanet, François, Morello, Carlo, Morlino, Giovanni, Mostafá, Miguel, Müller, Ana L., Muller, Marcio Aparecido, Müller, Sarah, Mussa, Roberto, Namasaka, Wilson M., Nellen, Lukas, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Mihai, Niechciol, Marcus, Nitz, Dave, Nosek, Dalibor, Novotny, Vladimir, Nožka, Libor, Nucita, Achille, Núñez, Luis, Olinto, Angela, Palatka, Miroslav, Pallotta, Juan, Panetta, Maria Paola, Papenbreer, Philipp, Parente, Gonzalo, Parra, Alejandra, Pech, Miroslav, Pedreira, Francisco, Pękala, Jan, Pelayo, Rodrigo, Peña-Rodriguez, Jesús, Pereira, Luiz Augusto, Perlin, Matías, Perrone, Lorenzo, Peters, Christine, Petrera, Sergio, Phuntsok, Jamyang, Pierog, Tanguy, Pimenta, Mário, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, Manuel, Poh, Jason, Pont, Bjarni, Porowski, Czeslaw, Pothast, Mart, Prado, Raul Ribeiro, Privitera, Paolo, Prouza, Michael, Puyleart, Andrew, Querchfeld, Sven, Quinn, Sean, Ramos-Pollan, Raúl, Rautenberg, Julian, Ravignani, Diego, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Ridky, Jan, Riehn, Felix, Risse, Markus, Ristori, Pablo, Rizi, Vincenzo, Rodrigues De Carvalho, Washington, Rodriguez Rojo, Jorge Rubén, Roncoroni, Matías J., Roth, Markus, Roulet, Esteban, Rovero, Adrian, Ruehl, Philip, Saffi, Steven J., Saftoiu, Alexandra, Salamida, Francesco, Salazar, Humberto, Salina, Gaetano, Sanabria Gomez, Jose, Sánchez, Federico, Moura Santos, Edivaldo, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Sarmento, Raul, Sarmiento-Cano, Christian, Sato, Ricardo, Savina, Pierpaolo, Schauer, Markus, Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, Harald, Schimassek, Martin, Schimp, Michael, Schlüter, Felix, Schmidt, David, Scholten, Olaf, Schovánek, Petr, Schröder, Frank G., Schröder, Sonja, Schumacher, Johannes Christian, Sciutto, Sergio, Scornavacche, Marina, Shellard, Ronald C., Sigl, Guenter, Silli, Gaia, Sima, Octavian, Šmída, Radomir, Snow, Gregory, Sommers, Paul, Soriano, Jorge F., Souchard, Julien, Squartini, Ruben, Stadelmaier, Maximilian, Stanca, Denis, Stanič, Samo, Stasielak, Jaroslaw, Stassi, Patrick, Stolpovskiy, Mikhail, Streich, Alexander, Suárez-Durán, Mauricio, Sudholz, Tristan, Suomijärvi, Tiina, Supanitsky, A. Daniel, Šupík, Jan, Szadkowski, Zbigniew, Taboada, Alvaro, Taborda, Oscar Alejandro, Tapia, Alex, Timmermans, Charles, Tobiska, Petr, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Tomé, Bernardo, Torralba Elipe, Guillermo, Travaini, Andres, Travnicek, Petr, Trini, Marta, Tueros, Matias, Ulrich, Ralf, Unger, Michael, Urban, Martin, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Valiño, Ines, Valore, Laura, Van Bodegom, Patrick, Van Den Berg, Ad M., Van Vliet, Arjen, Varela, Enrique, Vargas Cárdenas, Bernardo, Vásquez-Ramírez, Adriana, Veberič, Darko, Ventura, Cynthia, Vergara Quispe, Indira D., Verzi, Valerio, Vicha, Jakub, Villaseñor, Luis, Vink, Jacco, Vorobiov, Serguei, Wahlberg, Hernan, Watson, Alan, Weber, Marc, Weindl, Andreas, Wiedeński, Michał, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wilczyński, Henryk, Winchen, Tobias, Wirtz, Marcus, Wittkowski, David, Wundheiler, Brian, Yang, Lili, Yushkov, Alexey, Zas, Enrique, Zavrtanik, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zehrer, Lukas, Zepeda, Arnulfo, Zimmermann, Benedikt, Ziolkowski, Michael, and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
flux, neutrino: production, observatory, detector: surface, trajectory, atmosphere, neutrino: flavor, cosmic radiation: UHE, neutrino: UHE, neutrino: model, Auger
Published
2019
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