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People can use different internal strategies to manage future intentions, but systematic research on these strategies and their significance for prospective memory (PM; remembering to perform planned intentions) performance is still quite sparse. In the present study, we examined self-reported internal strategy use with a 10-block version of the videogame EPELI in a group of 202 neurotypical adults of 18 to 50 years of age. In the game, the participants perform lists of everyday tasks from memory while navigating in a virtual apartment. Open-ended strategy reports were collected after each EPELI task block, and for comparison also after an EPELI Instruction Recall task and a Word List Learning task assessing episodic memory. On average 45% of the participants reported using some strategy in EPELI, the most common types being grouping, utilizing a familiar action schema, and condensing information. Our pre-registered hypothesis on the beneficial effect of self-initiated strategy use gained support, as strategy users showed better PM performance on EPELI as compared to no strategy users. Grouping could be identified as a clearly effective strategy type. Block-by-block transitions suggested gradual stabilization of strategy use over the 10 EPELI blocks. The proneness to use strategies showed a weak but reliable association between EPELI and Word List Learning. Overall, the present results highlight the importance of internal strategy use for understanding individual differences in PM performance, as well as the potential benefit for internal strategy employment when faced with everyday PM tasks.

As population demographics shift worldwide, uncovering factors that affect individual differences in healthy development in older adulthood are becoming increasingly important. The existing literature has made substantial advancements to our understanding of characteristics in childhood (e.g., famine or poverty) and older adulthood (e.g., physical activity or social resources) that affect the health and quality of life in older adulthood. Less is known, however, regarding the extent to which intermediary life periods affect aging processes. Notably, adolescence is an influential and vulnerable stage of life that may be particularly important for subsequent physiological and psychological development. Personality traits, which are relatively stable over time, represent an individual’s characteristic patterns of thought, behaviour, and feeling. Research suggests that traits assessed in midlife and older adulthood are robust predictors of several adverse health outcomes later in life, including cognitive decline, physical limitations, and mortality. While this research provides valuable evidence for patterns of health outcomes, personality traits may influence development and age-related processes many decades prior to the assessment of traits in older adulthood. For instance, a study that recruits middle aged and older adults may be characterized by a survivor bias (e.g., recruiting and including individuals higher in conscientiousness compared to a less selective sample recruited in adolescence). Furthermore, personality traits assessed at different stages of the lifespan may confer differential associations with later-life outcomes. For example, personality is more pliable in adolescence and young adulthood, which may result in a reduced association with outcomes in older adulthood. Alternatively, the influence of personality traits may aggregate from adolescence across the lifespan, culminating in a stronger association with outcomes in older adulthood. Existing systematic reviews have examined the extent to which personality traits are associated with health behaviours, such as binge drinking (Adan et al., 2017) and dietary choices (Esposito et al., 2021). Further reviews have also systematically synthesized research investigating personality traits and prospective risk of medical outcomes (Reich & Schatzberg, 2010), metabolic syndrome (Mommersteeg et al., 2012), dementia (Aschwanden et al., 2021; Low et al., 2012), all-cause mortality (Jokela et al., 2013). All of these reviews, however, focused on personality trait assessments in adulthood. To our knowledge, no review has yet focused on personality traits assessed in adolescence. Personality traits in adolescence may be a promising target for further delineation, as these characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behaviour may accumulate across subsequent decades, thereby allowing – or hindering – individuals to enter certain developmental paths that subsequently affect aging (e.g., Hill et al., 2019; Shanahan et al., 2014). Given these gaps in the existing literature, this systematic review aims to synthesize research investigating the association between personality traits assessed in adolescence and outcomes in older adulthood.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-7-jad-10.1177_10870547211044214 for Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task by Erik Seesjärvi, Jasmin Puhakka, Eeva T. Aronen, Jari Lipsanen, Minna Mannerkoski, Alexandra Hering, Sascha Zuber, Matthias Kliegel, Matti Laine and Juha Salmi in Journal of Attention Disorders

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-7-jad-10.1177_10870547211044214 for Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task by Erik Seesjärvi, Jasmin Puhakka, Eeva T. Aronen, Jari Lipsanen, Minna Mannerkoski, Alexandra Hering, Sascha Zuber, Matthias Kliegel, Matti Laine and Juha Salmi in Journal of Attention Disorders

To review the dynamic analytical elements used in the functional assessment of the stomatognathic system, summarize the available scientific evidence, and consider interrelations with body posture and cognition. A thorough literature search was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane Library database, and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed articles and literature reviews provided up-to-date information addressing three topics: (a) the available knowledge and recent evidence on the relationship between the morphologic aspects of dental/craniofacial anatomy and oral function/dysfunction, (b) mandibular dynamics, considering mobility, functional activity, and existing methodologies of analysis, and (c) a possible correlation between the stomatognathic system, body posture, and cognition. Modern dentistry may be regarded as a human adaptation strategy, helping to conserve healthy teeth for much longer without risking overall health. It is futile to treat patients using a mechanistic, sectorial approach that misrepresents patient behavior and requests, just as it is to affirm the absence of any structure-function relationships. However, it is also evident that there is a lack of general consensus on the precise functional assessment of the stomatognathic system, mostly due to the methodologic heterogeneity employed and the high risk of bias. Despite the abundant evidence produced with the aim of providing solid arguments to define dynamic models of functional assessment of the stomatognathic system, it is yet to become highly empirical, based as it is on operator experience in daily clinical practice. Further efforts from the scientific and clinical community, with the help of progress in technology, remain should this gap be filled and should substantial data on differences between pathologic and physiologic dynamic models of function be provided. Dentistry needs to employ - on a larger scale - objective, dynamic methods of analysis for the functional evaluation of the stomatognathic system, embracing concepts of "personalized medicine" and "interprofessional collaborations."

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-jad-10.1177_10870547211044214 for Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task by Erik Seesjärvi, Jasmin Puhakka, Eeva T. Aronen, Jari Lipsanen, Minna Mannerkoski, Alexandra Hering, Sascha Zuber, Matthias Kliegel, Matti Laine and Juha Salmi in Journal of Attention Disorders

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-jad-10.1177_10870547211044214 for Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task by Erik Seesjärvi, Jasmin Puhakka, Eeva T. Aronen, Jari Lipsanen, Minna Mannerkoski, Alexandra Hering, Sascha Zuber, Matthias Kliegel, Matti Laine and Juha Salmi in Journal of Attention Disorders

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jad-10.1177_10870547211044214 for Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task by Erik Seesjärvi, Jasmin Puhakka, Eeva T. Aronen, Jari Lipsanen, Minna Mannerkoski, Alexandra Hering, Sascha Zuber, Matthias Kliegel, Matti Laine and Juha Salmi in Journal of Attention Disorders

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-5-jad-10.1177_10870547211044214 for Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task by Erik Seesjärvi, Jasmin Puhakka, Eeva T. Aronen, Jari Lipsanen, Minna Mannerkoski, Alexandra Hering, Sascha Zuber, Matthias Kliegel, Matti Laine and Juha Salmi in Journal of Attention Disorders

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-7-jad-10.1177_10870547211044214 for Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task by Erik Seesj��rvi, Jasmin Puhakka, Eeva T. Aronen, Jari Lipsanen, Minna Mannerkoski, Alexandra Hering, Sascha Zuber, Matthias Kliegel, Matti Laine and Juha Salmi in Journal of Attention Disorders

While objective memory performance in older adults was primarily shown to be affected by education as indicator of life course socioeconomic conditions, other life course socioeconomic conditions seem to relate to subjective memory complaints. However, studies differ in which life course stages were investigated. Moreover, studies have explored these effects in an isolated way, but have not yet investigated their unique effect when considering several stages of the life course simultaneously. This study, therefore, examined the respective influence of socioeconomic conditions from childhood up to late-life on prospective memory (PM) performance as an objective indicator of everyday memory as well as on subjective memory complaints (SMC) in older age using structural equation modeling. Data came from two waves of the Vivre-Leben-Vivere aging study (n=993, Mage=80.56). The results indicate that only socioeconomic conditions in adulthood significantly predicted late-life PM performance. PM performance was also predicted by age and self-rated health. In contrast, SMC in older age were not predicted by socioeconomic conditions at any stage of the life course but were predicted by level of depression. In line with the cognitive reserve hypothesis, present results highlight the significance of education and occupation (adulthood socioeconomic conditions) for cognitive functioning in later life.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-jad-10.1177_10870547211044214 for Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task by Erik Seesjärvi, Jasmin Puhakka, Eeva T. Aronen, Jari Lipsanen, Minna Mannerkoski, Alexandra Hering, Sascha Zuber, Matthias Kliegel, Matti Laine and Juha Salmi in Journal of Attention Disorders

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-jad-10.1177_10870547211044214 for Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task by Erik Seesjärvi, Jasmin Puhakka, Eeva T. Aronen, Jari Lipsanen, Minna Mannerkoski, Alexandra Hering, Sascha Zuber, Matthias Kliegel, Matti Laine and Juha Salmi in Journal of Attention Disorders