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The spectral computed tomography (CT) based on photon counting detectors can collect the incident photons with different energy ranges. However, due to the low photon counts in narrow energy bin and the unhomogeneous response problem of detector cells, there are severe noise and ring artifacts in reconstructed spectral CT images. We proposed an image denoising and ring artifacts removal method via improved Fully Convolutional Pyramid Residual Network (FCPRN). In our study, we scanned a mouse specimen with spectral CT based on photon counting detector, and reconstructed mouse CT images as data set. Then we use the data set to train our network for image denoising and ring artifacts removal. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method could reduce noise and suppress ring artifacts of spectral CT images concurrently in different energy ranges. And the performance of the FCPRN is better than that of some networks for CT image denoising.

Semantic segmentation networks focus on the scene parsing of an unrestricted open scene. The typical segmentation architectures are stacks consisting of convolutional layers, which are used to extract semantic features. The feature map dimension is sharply changed at sampling units for most of networks, which ensure effective propagation of the gradient in deep nets. In this article, we proposed a state-of-the-art network model named Fully Convolutional Pyramidal Networks (FC-PRNet), which employs pyramidal residual structure to change the feature map dimension at all convolutional layers. This design is an effective way of improving generalization ability and optimizing parameters, and FC-PRNet could achieve excellent capability of semantic extraction. We used urban scene benchmark CamVid and KITTI dataset to test our network, the experimental results show that FC-PRNet achieves better results without any pre-training or post-treatment module. Moreover, due to smart construction of pyramidal residual structures, FC-PRNet has less parameters than other existing networks trained on these datasets.

Background Spectral computed tomography (CT) has the capability to resolve the energy levels of incident photons, which has the potential to distinguish different material compositions. Although material decomposition methods based on x-ray attenuation characteristics have good performance in dual-energy CT imaging, there are some limitations in terms of image contrast and noise levels. Objective This study focused on multi-material decomposition of spectral CT images based on a deep learning approach. Methods To classify and quantify different materials, we proposed a multi-material decomposition method via the improved Fully Convolutional DenseNets (FC-DenseNets). A mouse specimen was first scanned by spectral CT system based on a photon-counting detector with different energy ranges. We then constructed a training set from the reconstructed CT images for deep learning to decompose different materials. Results Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed multi-material decomposition method could more effectively identify bone, lung and soft tissue than the basis material decomposition based on post-reconstruction space in high noise levels. Conclusions The new proposed approach yielded good performance on spectral CT material decomposition, which could establish guidelines for multi-material decomposition approaches based on the deep learning algorithm.

Unmanned driving leads the development of smart cities and safe transportation. It relies on a large amount of complex data generated during driving. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art research status of data collection and analysis techniques. We divide the data required for unmanned driving into two types: traffic scene data and driving behavior data. Firstly, by fully considering the different needs of enterprises, universities and related institutions, we have fully studied the algorithms proposed by scholars all over the world. Then we introduce mainstream 2D and 3D target detection algorithms based on RGBD and laser point clouds. Finally, the article introduces some of the most widely used urban road data sets.

A method based on convolutional neural network auto encoder-decoder for low dose lung CT image noise reduction is presented. This method integrated convolutional neural network, auto encoder-decoder, residual learning, parametric rectified linear unit (PReLU). Particularly, the term of structural similarity index (SSIM) added to the loss function. After training patch by patch, the model attains a promising performance compared to state of the art traditional and deep learning methods in visual effects and quantitative measurements.

Spectral computed tomography (CT) has the capability to resolve the energy levels of incident photons, which is able to distinguish different material compositions. Nowadays, deep learning has generated widespread attention in CT imaging applications. In this paper, a method of material decomposition for spectral CT based on improved Fully Convolutional DenseNets (FC-DenseNets) was proposed. Spectral data were acquired by a photon-counting detector and reconstructed spectral CT images were used to construct a training dataset. Experimental results showed that the proposed method could effectively identify bone and different tissues in high noise levels. This work could establish guidelines for multi-material decomposition approaches with spectral CT.

This paper proposes an image segmentation algorithm with fully convolutional networks (FCN) in binocular imaging system under various circumstance. Image segmentation is perfectly solved by semantic segmentation. FCN classifies the pixels, so as to achieve the level of image semantic segmentation. Different from the classical convolutional neural networks (CNN), FCN uses convolution layers instead of the fully connected layers. So it can accept image of arbitrary size. In this paper, we combine the convolutional neural network and scale invariant feature matching to solve the problem of visual positioning under different scenarios. All high-resolution images are captured with our calibrated binocular imaging system and several groups of test data are collected to verify this method. The experimental results show that the binocular images are effectively segmented without over-segmentation. With these segmented images, feature matching via SURF method is implemented to obtain regional information for further image processing. The final positioning procedure shows that the results are acceptable in the range of 1.4∼1.6 m, the distance error is less than 10mm.