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ObjectivesBattery energy storage system is one of the effective means to ensure the reliability of photovoltaic (PV) power generation system and improve the utilization rate of PV power generation. However, there are some problems in the PV-energy storage power station, such as the difficulty of power fluctuation suppression and the unreasonable configuration of energy storage capacity. In order to solve these problems, relevant research was carried out.MethodsFor energy-based battery energy storage, the characteristics of scheduling mode and autonomous mode were analyzed, and a power-limited suppression strategy of PV-energy storage system based on energy storage operation in scheduling mode was proposed to realize power suppression and reduce the frequency of energy storage charge/discharge switching. The optimization objective of minimizing abandoned power losses in the PV-energy storage system was established, with constraints such as the probability of power fluctuation exceeding the limit. An algorithm was used to solve and optimize the energy storage configuration. Taking the 50 MW Sangzhuzi PV-energy storage power station in Langming, Tibet as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed grid-connected power suppression strategy was validated.ResultsThe proposed grid-connected power suppression strategy can reduce the probability of power fluctuation exceeding the limit from 25.64% to 6.41% without increasing the frequency of energy storage charge/discharge switching. When the probability of grid-connected power fluctuation exceeding the limit is 5%, the optimal configuration for the energy storage system of the power station is determined to be 14.5 MW/94 MW⋅h.ConclusionsThe proposed power fluctuation suppression strategy and energy storage optimization configuration method can provide technical reference for the optimal design and operation of grid-connected PV-energy storage system.

Background: Gallstones, a common surgical condition globally, affect around 20% of patients. The development of gallstones is linked to abnormal cholesterol and bilirubin metabolism, reduced gallbladder function, insulin resistance, biliary infections, and genetic factors. In addition to these factors, research has shown that mucins play a role in gallstone formation. This study aims to explore the connection between different types of gallstones and mucin gene polymorphisms. Methods: For this purpose, a total of 121 patients with gallbladder stones PNS and 107 patients with healthy controls PNS were enrolled in this case–control study. One SNPs (rs4072037) of MUC1 gene、 three SNPs (rs2856111、rs41532344、rs41349846) of MUC2 gene、four SNPs (rs712005、rs2246980、rs2258447、rs2259292) of MUC4 gene、seven SNPs (rs28415193、rs56047977、rs2037089、rs2075854、rs3829224、rs2672785、rs2735709) of MUC5 gene、eight SNPs (rs10902268、rs61869016、rs573849895、rs59257210、rs7396383、rs74644072、rs7481521、rs9704308) of MUC6 gene、five SNPs (rs10229731、rs73168398、rs4729655、rs55903219、rs74974199) of MUC17 gene. We amplified SNP sites by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primer sets followed by DNA sequencing. Results: The frequencies of MUC2 rs2856111 C/T genotype (OR = 3.81, 95%CI: 1.06–13.68) was higher than the control group. MUC17 rs10229731 A/C genotype (OR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.12–0.95), rs73168398 G/A genotype (OR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.07–0.98), MUC6 rs10902268 G/A genotype (OR = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.17–0.95) at lower frequencies than controls. The frequencies of MUC2 rs41532344 T allele (OR = 2.55, 95%CI: 1.06–6.13), MUC4 rs712005 G allele (OR = 2.51, 95%CI: 1.20–5.22), MUC5B rs2037089 C allele (OR = 3.54, 95%CI: 1.14–11.01) and MUC5AC rs28415193 G allele (OR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.02–3.07) were higher than the control group. MUC6 rs10902268 A allele (OR = 0.004, 95%CI: 0.00–0.27), rs61869016 C allele (OR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01–0.63) at lower frequencies than controls. Conclusions: Polymorphisms in the mucin gene were linked to the formation of gallbladder stones. The MUC4 rs712005 G allele, MUC5B rs2037089 C allele, MUC2 rs41532344 T allele and MUC5AC rs28415193 G allele were found to predispose individuals to the development of the disease. MUC6 rs10902268 A allele and rs61869016 C allele were identified as protective factors. Meanwhile, MUC2 rs2856111 CT genotype was found to predispose individuals to the development of the disease. MUC17 rs10229731 AC genotype, rs73168398 GA genotype and MUC6 rs10902268 GA genotype were identified as protective factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dear Editor, in this study, we propose a novel linkage disequilibrium information‐based noninvasive zygosity (LDNZ) assessment method in twin pregnancies. It combines fetus‐specific allele frequency analysis with LD block to reduce the number of required single nucleotide polymorphism markers and experiment costs. LDNZ method offers a noninvasive, accurate, and cost‐effective solution for zygosity assessment, addressing the need for precise obstetric care in twin pregnancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of expanded non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) that includes both trisomies and copy number variants (CNVs) in high‐risk twin pregnancies. Material and Methods: A prospective, double‐blinded cohort study was conducted, enrolling 73 high‐risk twin pregnancies characterized by increased risk of genetic disorders due to factors such as increased nuchal translucency, structural anomalies, fetal growth restriction, and other factors associated with chromosomal abnormality. Participants underwent invasive karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis, alongside separate expanded NIPT for research purposes. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of expanded NIPT were calculated. Results: The cohort included 24 monochorionic and 49 dichorionic twin pregnancies. The median cell‐free fetal DNA concentration in expanded NIPT was 16.7% (range 3.86%–49.1%), with a test failure rate of 1.4% (1/73). High‐risk findings for trisomy 21/13/18 were identified in five cases (6.8%), Turner syndrome in one case (1.4%), and CNVs indicative of high risk for clinically significant microdeletion/microduplication syndromes (MMS) in ten cases (13.7%). Of these, 56 cases (76.7%) tested NIPT negative, revealing one false‐negative for 45, X and five false‐negatives for CNVs. Expanded NIPT achieved a detection rate of 100% (5/5) for trisomy 21/13/18 with a false‐positive rate of 0% (0/5), a detection rate of 33.3% (1/3) for sex chromosome abnormalities with a false‐positive rate of 0% (0/3), and a detection rate of 66.7% (4/6) for MMS with a false‐positive rate of 3.0% (2/67). The positive predictive values for trisomy T21/13/18, sex chromosome abnormalities, and known MMS were 100% (5/5), 100% (1/1), and 66.7% (4/6) in the expanded NIPT, respectively. Conclusions: The expanded NIPT demonstrated high detection rates for common trisomies and moderate detection rates for prenatal MMS in high‐risk twin pregnancies. Further studies with large sample sizes in low‐risk populations are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An air‐tolerant, simple yet highly efficient copper‐catalyzed methoxylation of (hetero)aryl bromides and some activated chlorides has been developed by using copper(II) chloride/2,2‐bipyridine as catalyst precursor. A wide range of (hetero)aryl bromides and electron‐deficient chlorides could be efficiently methoxylated in good to excellent yields at 1‐mol% catalyst loading albeit showing a functional group compatibility dependent on the electronic properties of aryl ring. Applications of the practical protocol have been demonstrated in multigram synthesis of 3,4,5‐trimethoxytoluene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A room temperature Ni‐catalyzed Mn‐mediated homocoupling of (hetero)aryl and vinyl chlorides using Mn powders pre‐activated by trimethylsilylchloride (TMSCl) in DMA is reported. Large steric effects were observed while electronic influences from aryl chlorides proved to be rather small. High regioselectivity could be achieved between ortho‐Cl and para‐Cl/Br of aryl halides benefiting from the large steric effects. A double‐face role of TMSCl, i. e. activation of Mn powders but deactivation of nickel catalyst, was observed although TMSCl‐activated Mn powders appeared to be the privileged metallic reductant. Applications of the protocol have been demonstrated in a multigram synthesis of Daclatasvir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the genetic etiologies underlying agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) and its pregnancy outcomes in the era of next‐generation sequencing. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on prospectively collected prenatal ACC cases in which amniocentesis was performed between January 2016 and December 2022. ACC was divided into non‐isolated and isolated according to the presence or absence of ultrasound abnormalities. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), karyotyping and exome sequencing (ES) were performed after genetic counseling. Pregnancy outcomes were assessed by pediatric neurosurgeons and were followed up by telephone through their parents. Results: Sixty‐eight fetuses with ACC were enrolled in this study. CMA detected eight cases with pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) and all were non‐isolated ACC, with a detection rate of 11.8% (8/68). Among the CMA abnormalities, the majority (6/8) were detectable by karyotyping. ES was performed in 26 cases with normal CMA, revealing pathogenic or likely pathogenic gene variations in 12 cases (46.2%, 12/26), involving L1CMA, SMARCB1, PPP2R1A, ARID1B, USP34, CDC42, NFIA and DCC genes. The detection rates of ES in isolated and non‐isolated ACC were 40% (6/15) and 54.5% (6/11), respectively. After excluding cases where pregnancy was terminated (56 cases), there were 12 live births, ranging in age from 15 months to 7 years. Of these, 91.7% (11 out of 12) demonstrated normal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Specifically, all five cases with isolated ACC and negative ES results exhibited normal neurodevelopment. The remaining six cases with favorable outcomes were all isolated ACC, among which ES identified variants of DCC and USP34 gene in one each case. The other four cases were CMA‐negative and declined ES. Conclusions: We highlight the efficacy of prenatal ES in determining the genetic etiology of ACC, whether isolated or not. Favorable neurodevelopmental outcomes were observed when ACC was isolated and with normal ES results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]