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Wu Guangjian’s translation of the French novel Les Trois Mousquetaires, was first published by the Shanghai Commercial Press in 1907. Although this book uses literal translation methods, descriptions of the scenes and psychological descriptions, as well as Western allusions, it still manages to maintain the original style of the novel. Within the academic community, this style of translation has won much praise. Later on, Wu Guangjian’s edition was re-written with a differing punctuation style by Shen Dehong, also known as Mao Dun, and was classified by the Ministry of Education as "liberal arts supplementary reading". However, problems with the translation of the supplementary text for schools have not yet been fully focused on by the academic community, and include such issues as changes in time and space caused by the understanding of obstacles.

Based on an analysis of fragmentary documents in both Chinese and other languages, this article verifies precisely the beginning period of English study initiated by the Guangxu emperor that began on the 25th day of the tenth month of the Guangxu reign (November 26th) in 1891. Yan Yongjing, who had studied in the United States, was nominated as a candidate to teach English to the Guangxu emperor. Between 1891 and 1894, formally assisting the emperor's English were Zhang Deyi and Shen Duo, who were graduates of the Tong Wen Academy in Beijing. The Guangxu emperor continued to study English on his own until approximately 1908. The author analyzes the English dictionaries used in the palace by the Guangxu emperor during the late Qing dynasty, such as Commercial Press English and Chinese Pronouncing Dictionary, Commercial Press' English and Chinese Dictionary, and English and Chinese Readers, From Primer to Fifth Reader Bound in One Volume. The author also presents his preliminary views concerning the influence and significance of English study by the Guangxu emperor overall on foreign language studies within the imperial family and on Chinese society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Whether serum uric acid (SUA) at baseline could been identiûed as a risk factor for progression in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients remains unclear, therefore, long- term SUA control levels must be monitored. We aimed to investigate the relevant factors affecting time-averaged SUA (TA-SUA) and to assess the prognostic value of TA-SUA in IgAN., Methods: This retrospective study included 152 patients with IgAN. The relationships between TA-SUA and clinicopathological features and renal outcomes (defined as the doubling of the baseline serum creatinine level or end-stage renal disease) were analyzed in groups divided by quartiles of TA-SUA levels, the presence of hyperuricemia, and sex., Results: Patients with high TA-SUA levels had higher levels of baseline SUA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglycerides, serum C3 and serum C4 and were more likely to be male and have hypertension, proteinuria, poor renal function, and pathological injuries including high grades of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T1-T2). These patients had a poorer prognosis compared with patients with low TA-SUA levels. The TA-SUA level was positively correlated with baseline age and BUN, triglycerides, serum C3, and serum C4 levels, and negatively correlated with baseline eGFR. Survival curve analysis indicated that persistent hyperuricemia was associated with significantly poorer renal outcomes than normo-uricemia in both men and women. The TA-SUA level also was an independent predictor of renal outcome in patients with IgAN, with optimal cutoû values of 451.38 µmol/L (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.934) for men and 492.83 µmol/L (AUC = 0.768) for women., Conclusions: The TA-SUA level is associated with triglyceride level, complement component levels, renal function, and pathological severity of IgAN, and it may be a prognostic indicator in male and female patients with IgAN., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2024 Weng et al.)

Background: Central venous stenosis (CVS) of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF) affects RCAVF function and longevity. Ultrasound screening for CVS is limited by acoustic window. Herein, we analyzed the quantitative axillary venous (AxV) spectrum in hemodialysis patients via RCAVF, and constructed central venous stenosis index (CVSI) model based on the spectrum parameters to early detect resting asymptomatic CVS., Methods: From August 2017 to May 2021, stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients dialysed via RCAVF at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University were included in this study. No CVS-related symptoms were found and the pulsation at the arteriovenous anastomosis was normal. However, the patients had the sensation of swelling in the ipsilateral upper limb during dialysis; the venous pressure advanced upon the completion of dialysis; or both (n=52). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (I) Ultrasound (US) showed that the temporal phases of the AxV spectrum were "normal"; and (II) CVS was confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The exclusion criteria were as follows: (I) stent placement; (II) multiple stenosis; and (III) placement of central venous catheter. A total of 37 patients participated in the analysis. Eighteen patients were included in the CVS group, and 19 cases without CVS were included in the control group. Independent sample t -test was used to screen each parameter of the AxV spectrum, and a CVSI model was constructed by principal component analysis (PCA). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of CVSI., Results: According to the independent sample t -test, 9 parameters were found to have statistical significance (all P<0.05); they were analyzed by PCA, and the CVSI model was constructed. The ROC showed that CVSI had diagnostic value for CVS. When the cut-off value of CVSI was 7.13, the maximum value of the Youden index was 0.842, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 84.2%., Conclusions: The CVSI helps to early detect resting asymptomatic CVS and dramatically increases the detection rate of CVS., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://atm.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/atm-22-160/coif). All authors report this work was supported by Leading Project Foundation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province (No. 2020Y0024). The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare., (2022 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.)