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Understanding ferroelectric characteristic is crucial, especially for elucidating the existence of ferroelectric and its relationship with hysteresis in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites. Our focus is to evaluate the ferroelectric properties of MAPbI3 perovskite films by suppressing the rotation of the MA+ ions through the substitution of TMA+ cations. Our findings indicate that both MAPbI3 and MA0.85TMA0.15PbI3 exhibit non-ferroelectric properties at room temperature, which persist even after external polarization treatment. Further analysis reveals that the hysteresis in J–V characteristics is associated with ion migration phenomena. The external polarization treatment aids in releasing electrons from defect states, enabling them to revert to their original lattice sites. As a result, devices subjected to polarization treatment exhibit reduced hysteresis and enhanced photovoltaic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding ferroelectric characteristic is crucial, especially for elucidating the existence of ferroelectric and its relationship with hysteresis in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites. Our focus is to evaluate the ferroelectric properties of MAPbI3 perovskite films by suppressing the rotation of the MA+ ions through the substitution of TMA+ cations. Our findings indicate that both MAPbI3 and MA0.85TMA0.15PbI3 exhibit non-ferroelectric properties at room temperature, which persist even after external polarization treatment. Further analysis reveals that the hysteresis in J–V characteristics is associated with ion migration phenomena. The external polarization treatment aids in releasing electrons from defect states, enabling them to revert to their original lattice sites. As a result, devices subjected to polarization treatment exhibit reduced hysteresis and enhanced photovoltaic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of heteroatoms into carbon aerogels (CAs) can lead to structural distortions and changes in active sites due to their smaller size and electronegativity compared to pure carbon. However, the evolution of the electronic structure from single‐atom doping to heteroatom codoping in CAs has not yet been thoroughly investigated, and the impact of codoping on potassium ion (K+) storage and diffusion pathways as electrode material remains unclear. In this study, experimental and theoretical simulations were conducted to demonstrate that heteroatom codoping, composed of multiple heteroatoms (O/N/B) with different properties, has the potential to improve the electrical properties and stability of CAs compared to single‐atom doping. Electronic states near the Fermi level have revealed that doping with O/N/B generates a greater number of active centers on adjacent carbon atoms than doping with O and O/N atoms. As a result of synergy with enhanced wetting ability (contact angle of 9.26°) derived from amino groups and hierarchical porous structure, ON‐CA has the most optimized adsorption capacity (−1.62 eV) and diffusion barrier (0.12 eV) of K+. The optimal pathway of K+ in ON‐CA is along the carbon ring with N or O doping. As K+ storage material for supercapacitors and ion batteries, it shows an outstanding specific capacity and capacitance, electrochemical stability, and rate performance. Especially, the assembled symmetrical K+ supercapacitor demonstrates an energy density of 51.8 Wh kg−1, an ultrahigh power density of 443 W kg−1, and outstanding cycling stability (maintaining 83.3% after 10,000 cycles in 1 M KPF6 organic electrolyte). This research provides valuable insights into the design of high‐performance potassium ion storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, there are not international unified standards and reports on Congenital Ear Malformation (CEM) in the world, which makes it difficult to transfer information and compare the literature. Through the statistical analysis of a large sample of CEM, a unified standard of all aspects of CEM is proposed and the data are provided for reference, which is convenient for the international work and literature comparison in this field. Based on the author's 30 years of clinical and scientific research work on CEM and the relevant cases of 3231 (4714 ears) in our hospital, and combined with literature, statistical analysis was made. This paper summarizes the classification, definition, epidemiology, embryonic development, pathogenic factors of CEM and elaborates on the clinical manifestations, examination and sequence therapy of representative Congenital Malformation of the Middle and Outer Ear (CMMOE). We also introduce malformation of the auricle and inner ear, so as to cover the outer, middle and inner ear. At the same time, we introduce our achievements and contributions in this field. This study provides reference to the international unified standard and treatment principle of the CEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Oto-Laryngologica (Supplement) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Oto-Laryngologica (Supplement) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Oto-Laryngologica (Supplement) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electrochemical reduction of nitrogen is considered a promising route for achieving green and sustainable ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions. A transition metal atom loaded on N-doped graphene is commonly used in the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), but the effect of the graphene's coordination environment on electron transfer has rarely been studied. Herein, the NRR performance of Fe1/2/3 clusters, anchored on single-vacancy and N-doped graphene, is investigated systematically via density functional theory (DFT). The calculation results show that the Fe2 cluster supported by two N atom-modified single-vacancy graphene displays the highest catalytic performance of NRR with the lowest energy barrier of 0.62 eV among the 12 candidates, and exhibits efficient selectivity. It has superior performance because of the highly asymmetrical distribution of electrons on graphene, the large positive charge of the Fe2, and the strong adsorption of *NNH. This study provides a new strategy to improve the NRR performance by regulating the Fe1/2/3 clusters coordination environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]