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Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) serve as crucial therapeutic agents in solid tumor treatment. Preclinical investigations suggest a potential protective function of PARPi against endocrine and metabolic impairments. Nevertheless, the existing body of evidence remains inconclusive on this aspect. Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the potential impact of PARPi on endocrine and metabolic disruptions in clinical trials. Data sources: We conducted a comprehensive search across the Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, along with the ClinicalTrials.gov registry. Study selection: Phase II/III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of PARPi in metabolic and endocrine processes were selected for inclusion in patients with solid tumors. Data extraction: The primary outcomes of interest encompassed metabolic and endocrine dysfunctions. Data synthesis: A total of 26 trials (n = 9,590 patients) were included in our meta-analysis. Niraparib demonstrated an increased risk of any-grade hyperglycemia (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.28–3.62), with patients receiving PARPi for metastatic pancreatic cancer showing a higher susceptibility to any-grade hyperglycemia (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.04–3.04). Conversely, rucaparib exhibited a potential ameliorative effect on hyperglycemia (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.30–0.97). No statistically significant disparities were observed for other outcomes associated with PARPi utilization. Limitations: Among these RCTs included, 50% were assessed as low qualities due to high risk of bias. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that PARPi may exert adverse effects on endocrine and metabolic pathways. Close monitoring of hyperglycemia is recommended for patients undergoing niraparib therapy, especially those with pancreatic cancer. Trial registration: This meta-Analysis was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database with ID CRD42023457959. Highlights: Preclinical studies indicate that PARPi may provide protection against endocrine and metabolic abnormalities. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between PARPi and the incidence of endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in patients with solid tumors. Our findings revealed that PARPi adversely affect both endocrine and metabolic processes in patients with solid tumors. Special attention is warranted regarding hyperglycemia in patients treated with niraparib, particularly those with pancreatic cancer. The underlying mechanisms of PARPi's effects on endocrine and metabolic functions remain unclear, highlighting the need for further comprehensive research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a serious complication of radiotherapy that lacks effective treatment options. The Huaxian formula (HXF), a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, shows promise in alleviating RIPF; however, its active ingredients and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood., Methods: Through serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation, we investigate the potential mechanisms of HXF in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF)., Results: Histological examination and non-invasive computed tomography (CT) scans in animal experiments revealed that HXF improved extracellular matrix collagen deposition in the lung tissue of irradiated mice and reduced fibrosis manifestations on CT images. Analysis of post-HXF administration serum samples identified 21 enriched compounds as potential active compounds, with 430 corresponding prospective targets. Overlapping these compounds with 991 RIPF-related genes yielded 127 genes primarily associated with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking indicated that key compounds in HXF serum, 5,7,8-trimethoxyflavone, and hyperoside, exhibited strong affinity with key targets. Finally, animal experiments confirmed that HXF significantly inhibited the expression of p-Akt and p-PI3K proteins in the lung tissue of irradiated mice., Conclusion: Our research results indicate that HXF may exert its effects on the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) through multiple pathways and targets, with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway likely playing the most crucial role in this process., Competing Interests: The authors have no financial conflict of interest., (© 2025 Gong et al.)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a targeted approach for cancer treatment that employs light and photosensitizers (PSs) to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, PDT faces obstacles including insufficient PS localization, limited light penetration, and treatment resistance. A potential solution lies in nanogenerators (NGs), which function as self-powered systems capable of generating electrical energy. Recent progress in piezoelectric and triboelectric NGs showcases promising applications in cancer research and drug delivery. Integration of NGs with PDT holds the promise of enhancing treatment efficacy by ensuring sustained PS illumination, enabling direct electrical control of cancer cells, and facilitating improved drug administration. This comprehensive review aims to augment our comprehension of PDT principles, explore associated challenges, and underscore the transformative capacity of NGs in conjunction with PDT. By harnessing NG technology alongside PDT, significant advancement in cancer treatment can be realized. Herein, we present the principal findings and conclusions of this study, offering valuable insights into the integration of NGs to overcome barriers in PDT., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on lung development using a rat model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Nitrofen was used to induce CDH. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control, CDH, and CDH+TMP. In the CDH and CDH+TMP, fetuses only with left diaphragmatic hernias were chosen for analysis. Lung and body weight were recorded and lung histologic evaluations, image analysis, and western blot analysis of YAP, p-YAP and LATS1 were performed after lung processing. A markedly abnormal structure was observed, as evidenced by pulmonary hypoplasia and vascular remodeling, in the CHD. These abnormalities were improved in the CDH+TMP. There were significant differences between the CHD and CHD+TMP in percentage of medial wall thickness, arteriole muscularization, radial alveolar counts, AA%, and alveolar septal thickness. YAP expression was markedly increased in the CHD compared to the controls, which was not affected by antenatal TMP administration. However, prenatal TMP intervention significantly increased expression of LATS1 and phosphorylation of YAP in the CDH fetuses. Our results demonstrate that antenatal TMP administration improved vascular remodeling and promoted lung development in a rat model of CHD, potentially through increasing expression of LATS1 and phosphorylation of YAP., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2020.)