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183 results on '"Zorzano, M-P"'

1. The Mars Science Laboratory record of optical depth measurements via solar imaging

Author

Lemmon, M. T., Guzewich, S. D., Battalio, J. M., Malin, M. C., Vicente-Retortillo, A., Zorzano, M. -P., Martin-Torres, J., Sullivan, R., Maki, J. N., Smith, M. D., and Bell III, J. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover has monitored the Martian environment in Gale crater since landing in 2012. This study reports the record of optical depth derived from visible and near-infrared images of the Sun. Aerosol optical depth, which is mostly due to dust but also includes ice, dominates the record, with gas optical depth too small to measure. The optical depth record includes the effects of regional dust storms and one planet-encircling dust event, showing the expected peaks during southern spring and summer and relatively lower and more stable optical depth in fall and winter. The measurements show that there is a seasonally varying diurnal change in dust load, with the optical depth peaking in the morning during southern spring and summer, correlated with thermotidal pressure changes. However, there was no systematic diurnal change during autumn and winter, except after one regional storm. There were indications that the dust was relatively enhanced at high altitudes during high-optical-depth periods and that high-altitude ice was significant during winter. The observations did not provide much information about particle size or composition, but they were consistent with a smaller particle size after aphelion (in southern winter). No scattering halos were seen in associated sky images, even when there was visual evidence of ice hazes or clouds, which suggests small or amorphous ice particles. Unexpectedly, the measurement campaign revealed that the cameras collected saltating sand in their sunshades 1.97 m above the surface. As a result, the measurement strategy had to be adjusted to avoid high-elevation imaging to avoid sand covering the optics.

Published
2023

3. Organic molecules in the Sheepbed Mudstone, Gale Crater, Mars.

Author

Freissinet, C, Glavin, DP, Mahaffy, PR, Miller, KE, Eigenbrode, JL, Summons, RE, Brunner, AE, Buch, A, Szopa, C, Archer, PD, Franz, HB, Atreya, SK, Brinckerhoff, WB, Cabane, M, Coll, P, Conrad, PG, Des Marais, DJ, Dworkin, JP, Fairén, AG, François, P, Grotzinger, JP, Kashyap, S, Ten Kate, IL, Leshin, LA, Malespin, CA, Martin, MG, Martin-Torres, FJ, McAdam, AC, Ming, DW, Navarro-González, R, Pavlov, AA, Prats, BD, Squyres, SW, Steele, A, Stern, JC, Sumner, DY, Sutter, B, and Zorzano, M-P

Subjects
MSL, Mars, SAM, chlorobenzene, organic molecules, oxychlorine, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology
Abstract

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on board the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover is designed to conduct inorganic and organic chemical analyses of the atmosphere and the surface regolith and rocks to help evaluate the past and present habitability potential of Mars at Gale Crater. Central to this task is the development of an inventory of any organic molecules present to elucidate processes associated with their origin, diagenesis, concentration, and long-term preservation. This will guide the future search for biosignatures. Here we report the definitive identification of chlorobenzene (150-300 parts per billion by weight (ppbw)) and C2 to C4 dichloroalkanes (up to 70 ppbw) with the SAM gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) and detection of chlorobenzene in the direct evolved gas analysis (EGA) mode, in multiple portions of the fines from the Cumberland drill hole in the Sheepbed mudstone at Yellowknife Bay. When combined with GCMS and EGA data from multiple scooped and drilled samples, blank runs, and supporting laboratory analog studies, the elevated levels of chlorobenzene and the dichloroalkanes cannot be solely explained by instrument background sources known to be present in SAM. We conclude that these chlorinated hydrocarbons are the reaction products of Martian chlorine and organic carbon derived from Martian sources (e.g., igneous, hydrothermal, atmospheric, or biological) or exogenous sources such as meteorites, comets, or interplanetary dust particles.Key pointsFirst in situ evidence of nonterrestrial organics in Martian surface sediments Chlorinated hydrocarbons identified in the Sheepbed mudstone by SAM Organics preserved in sample exposed to ionizing radiation and oxidative condition.

Published
2015

4. Consequences of imperfect mixing in the Gray-Scott model

Author

Zorzano, M. -P., Hochberg, D., and Moran, F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

We study an autocatalytic reaction-diffusion scheme, the Gray-Scott model, when the mixing processes do not homogenize the reactants. Starting from the master equation, we derive the resulting coupled, nonlinear, stochastic partial differential equations that rigorously include the spatio-temporal fluctuations resulting from the interplay between the reaction and mixing processes. The fields are complex and depend on correlated complex noise terms. We implement a novel method to solve for these complex fields numerically and extract accurate information about the system evolution and stationary states under different mixing regimes. Through this example, we show how the reaction induced fluctuations interact with the temporal nonlinearities leading to results that differ significantly from the mean-field (perfectly mixed) approach. This procedure can be applied to an arbitrary non-linear reaction diffusion scheme., Comment: 4 pages, 18 images in 2 figures

Published
2007
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5. Complex noise in diffusion-limited reactions of replicating and competing species

Author

Hochberg, David, Zorzano, M. -P., and Moran, Federico

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Quantitative Biology - Other Quantitative Biology, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

We derive exact Langevin-type equations governing quasispecies dynamics. The inherent multiplicative noise has both real and imaginary parts. The numerical simulation of the underlying complex stochastic partial differential equations is carried out employing the Cholesky decomposition for the noise covariance matrix. This noise produces unavoidable spatio-temporal density fluctuations about the mean field value. In two dimensions, the fluctuations are suppressed only when the diffusion time scale is much smaller than the amplification time scale for the master species., Comment: 10 pages, 2 composite figures

Published
2006
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6. Path integral evaluation of the one-loop effective potential in field theory of diffusion-limited reactions

Author

Hochberg, David and Zorzano, M. -P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

The well-established effective action and effective potential framework from the quantum field theory domain is adapted and successfully applied to classical field theories of the Doi and Peliti type for diffusion controlled reactions. Through a number of benchmark examples, we show that the direct calculation of the effective potential in fixed space dimension $d=2$ to one-loop order reduces to a small set of simple elementary functions, irrespective of the microscopic details of the specific model. Thus the technique, which allows one to obtain with little additional effort, the potentials for a wide variety of different models, represents an important alternative to the standard model dependent diagram-based calculations. The renormalized effective potential, effective equations of motion and the associated renormalization group equations are computed in $d=2$ spatial dimensions for a number of single species field theories of increasing complexity., Comment: Plain LaTEX2e, 32 pages and three figures. Submitted to Journal of Statistical Physics

Published
2005
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7. Radiative Habitable Zones in Martian Polar Environments

Author

Cordoba-Jabonero, C., Zorzano, M. -P., Selsis, F., Patel, M. R., and Cockell, C. S.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The biologically damaging solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation (quantified by the DNA-weighted dose) reaches the Martian surface in extremely high levels. Searching for potentially habitable UV-protected environments on Mars, we considered the polar ice caps that consist of a seasonally varying CO2 ice cover and a permanent H2O ice layer. It was found that, though the CO2 ice is insufficient by itself to screen the UV radiation, at 1 m depth within the perennial H2O ice the DNA-weighted dose is reduced to terrestrial levels. This depth depends strongly on the optical properties ofthe H2O ice layers (for instance snow-lile layes). The Earth-like DNA-weighted dose and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) requirements were used to define the upper and lower limits of the nortern and southern polar radiative habitable zone (RHZ) for which a temporal and spatial mapping was performed. Based on these studies we conclude that phtosynthetic life might be possible within the ice layers of the polar regions. The thickness varies along each Martian polar spring and summer between 1.5 m and 2.4 m for H2= ice-like layers, and a few centimeters for snow-like covers. These Martian Earth-like radiative habitable environments may be primary targets for future Martian astrobiological missions. Special attention should be paid to planetary protection, since the polar RHZ may also be subject to terrestrial contamination by probes., Comment: 44 pages, 8 figures

Published
2005
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8. Numerical integration of the discrete-ordinate radiative transfer equation in strongly non homogeneous media

Author

Zorzano, M. -P., Mancho, A. M., and Vazquez, L.

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

We consider the radiation transfer problem in the discrete-ordinate, plane-parallel approach. We introduce two benchmark problems with exact known solutions and show that for strongly non-homogeneous media the homogeneous layers approximation can lead to errors of 10% in the estimation of the intensity. We propose and validate a general purpose numerical method that transforming the two-boundary problem into an initial boundary problem, using an adaptative step integration and an interpolation of the local optical properties, can improve the accuracy of the solution up to two orders of magnitude. This is furthermore of interest for practical applications, such as atmospheric radiation transfer, where the scattering and absorbing properties of the media vary strongly with height and are only known, based on measurements or models, at certain discrete points., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

Published
2005
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9. Spatio-temporal patterns driven by autocatalytic internal reaction noise

Author

Hochberg, D., Zorzano, M. -P., and Moran, F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

The influence that intrinsic local density fluctuations can have on solutions of mean-field reaction-diffusion models is investigated numerically by means of the spatial patterns arising from two species that react and diffuse in the presence of strong internal reaction noise. The dynamics of the Gray-Scott (GS) model with constant external source is first cast in terms of a continuum field theory representing the corresponding master equation. We then derive a Langevin description of the field theory and use these stochastic differential equations in our simulations. The nature of the multiplicative noise is specified exactly without recourse to assumptions and turns out to be of the same order as the reaction itself, and thus cannot be treated as a small perturbation. Many of the complex patterns obtained in the absence of noise for the GS model are completely obliterated by these strong internal fluctuations, but we find novel spatial patterns induced by this reaction noise in regions of parameter space that otherwise correspond to homogeneous solutions when fluctuations are not included., Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures

Published
2005
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10. Emergence of Synchronous Oscillations in Neural Networks Excited by Noise

Author

Zorzano, M. -P. and Vazquez, L.

Subjects
Mathematics - Dynamical Systems
Abstract

The presence of noise in non linear dynamical systems can play a constructive role, increasing the degree of order and coherence or evoking improvements in the performance of the system. An example of this positive influence in a biological system is the impulse transmission in neurons and the synchronization of a neural network. Integrating numerically the Fokker-Planck equation we show a self-induced synchronized oscillation. Such an oscillatory state appears in a neural network coupled with a feedback term, when this system is excited by noise and the noise strength is within a certain range., Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures

Published
2005
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11. Reaction-diffusion model for pattern formation in E. coli swarming colonies with slime

Author

Zorzano, M. -P., Hochberg, D., Cuevas, M. -T., and Gomez-Gomez, J. -M.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons
Abstract

A new experimental colonial pattern and pattern transition observed in E. coli MG1655 swarming cells grown on semi-solid agar are described. We present a reaction-diffusion model that, taking into account the slime generated by these cells and its influence on the bacterial differentiation and motion, reproduces the pattern and successfully predicts the observed changes when the colonial collective motility is limited. In spite of having small non-hyperflagellated swarming cells, under these experimental conditions E. coli MG1655 can very rapidly colonize a surface, with a low branching rate, thanks to a strong fluid production and a local incremented density of motile, lubricating cells., Comment: 6 pages, 17 figures

Published
2005
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12. Dynamic Renormalization Group and Noise Induced Transitions in a Reaction Diffusion Model

Author

Zorzano, M. -P., Hochberg, D., and Moran, F.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

We investigate how additive weak noise (correlated as well as uncorrelated) modifies the parameters of the Gray-Scott (GS) reaction diffusion system by performing numerical simulations and applying a Renormalization Group (RG) analysis in the neighborhood of the spatial scale where biochemical reactions take place. One can obtain the same sequence of spatial-temporal patterns by means of two equivalent routes: (i) by increasing only the noise intensity and keeping all other model parameters fixed, or (ii) keeping the noise fixed, and adjusting certain model parameters to their running scale-dependent values as predicted by the RG. This explicit demonstration validates the dynamic RG transformation for finite scales in a two-dimensional stochastic model and provides further physical insight into the coarse-graining analysis proposed by this scheme. Through several study cases we explore the role of noise and its temporal correlation in self-organization and propose a way to drive the system into a new desired state in a controlled way., Comment: 8 pages, 21 figures

Published
2005
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13. An olivine cumulate outcrop on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Liu, Y, Tice, MM, Schmidt, ME, Treiman, AH, Kizovski, TV, Hurowitz, JA, Allwood, AC, Henneke, J, Pedersen, DAK, VanBommel, SJ, Jones, MWM, Knight, AL, Orenstein, BJ, Clark, BC, Elam, WT, Heirwegh, CM, Barber, T, Beegle, LW, Benzerara, K, Bernard, S, Beyssac, O, Bosak, T, Brown, AJ, Cardarelli, EL, Catling, DC, Christian, Cloutis, EA, Cohen, BA, Davidoff, S, Fairén, AG, Farley, KA, Flannery, DT, Galvin, A, Grotzinger, JP, Gupta, S, Hall, J, Herd, CDK, Hickman-Lewis, K, Hodyss, RP, Horgan, BHN, Johnson, Jørgensen, JL, Kah, LC, Maki, JN, Mandon, L, Mangold, N, McCubbin, FM, McLennan, SM, Moore, K, Nachon, M, Nemere, P, Nothdurft, LD, Núñez, JI, O'Neil, L, Quantin-Nataf, CM, Sautter, V, Shuster, DL, Siebach, KL, Simon, JI, Sinclair, KP, Stack, KM, Steele, A, Tarnas, JD, Tosca, NJ, Uckert, K, Udry, A, Wade, LA, Weiss, BP, Wiens, RC, Williford, KH, Zorzano, M-P, Mangold, Nicolas, Cosmochimie [IMPMC] (IMPMC_COSMO), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Liu, Y [0000-0003-0308-0942], Tice, MM [0000-0003-2560-1702], Schmidt, ME [0000-0003-4793-7899], Treiman, AH [0000-0002-8073-2839], Kizovski, TV [0000-0001-8188-9769], Hurowitz, JA [0000-0002-5857-8652], Henneke, J [0000-0002-3195-7417], Pedersen, DAK [0000-0001-7182-8567], VanBommel, SJ [0000-0002-6565-0827], Jones, MWM [0000-0002-0720-8715], Knight, AL [0000-0001-6832-8190], Orenstein, BJ [0000-0002-6586-4227], Clark, BC [0000-0002-5546-8757], Beegle, LW [0000-0002-4944-4353], Benzerara, K [0000-0002-0553-0137], Bernard, S [0000-0001-5576-7020], Beyssac, O [0000-0001-8879-4762], Bosak, T [0000-0001-5179-5323], Brown, AJ [0000-0002-9352-6989], Cardarelli, EL [0000-0001-5451-2309], Catling, DC [0000-0001-5646-120X], Christian, JR [0000-0003-4646-2852], Cloutis, EA [0000-0001-7301-0929], Cohen, BA [0000-0001-5896-5903], Davidoff, S [0000-0002-4417-7268], Fairén, AG [0000-0002-2938-6010], Flannery, DT [0000-0001-8982-496X], Grotzinger, JP [0000-0001-9324-1257], Gupta, S [0000-0001-6415-1332], Hall, J [0000-0003-0884-3777], Herd, CDK [0000-0001-5210-4002], Hickman-Lewis, K [0000-0001-8014-233X], Hodyss, RP [0000-0002-6523-3660], Horgan, BHN [0000-0001-6314-9724], Johnson, JR [0000-0002-5586-4901], Jørgensen, JL [0000-0002-0343-239X], Kah, LC [0000-0001-7172-2033], Maki, JN [0000-0002-7887-0343], Mandon, L [0000-0002-9310-0742], Mangold, N [0000-0002-0022-0631], McCubbin, FM [0000-0002-2101-4431], McLennan, SM [0000-0003-4259-7178], Nachon, M [0000-0003-0417-7076], Nothdurft, LD [0000-0001-9646-9070], Núñez, JI [0000-0003-0930-6674], O'Neil, L [0000-0003-1555-8229], Quantin-Nataf, CM [0000-0002-8313-8595], Shuster, DL [0000-0003-2507-9977], Siebach, KL [0000-0002-6628-6297], Simon, JI [0000-0002-3969-8958], Sinclair, KP [0000-0001-6261-4591], Stack, KM [0000-0003-3444-6695], Steele, A [0000-0001-9643-2841], Tarnas, JD [0000-0002-6256-0826], Tosca, NJ [0000-0003-4415-4231], Uckert, K [0000-0002-0859-5526], Udry, A [0000-0002-0074-8110], Wade, LA [0000-0001-8254-8181], Weiss, BP [0000-0003-3113-3415], Wiens, RC [0000-0002-3409-7344], Zorzano, M-P [0000-0002-4492-9650], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Multidisciplinary, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 5109 Space Sciences, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, 51 Physical Sciences, 3703 Geochemistry
Abstract

International audience; The geological units on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars, are part of a wider regional stratigraphy of olivine-rich rocks, which extends well beyond the crater. We investigate the petrology of olivine and carbonate-bearing rocks of the Séítah formation in the floor of Jezero. Using multispectral images and x-ray fluorescence data, acquired by the Perseverance rover, we performed a petrographic analysis of the Bastide and Brac outcrops within this unit. We find that these outcrops are composed of igneous rock, moderately altered by aqueous fluid. The igneous rocks are mainly made of coarse-grained olivine, similar to some Martian meteorites. We interpret them as an olivine cumulate, formed by settling and enrichment of olivine through multi-stage cooling of a thick magma body.

Published
2022
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14. Stochastic dynamics and Fokker-Planck equation in accelerator physics

Author

Mais, H. and Zorzano, M. P.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The aim of this contribution is to study the particle dynamics in a storage ring under the influence of noise. Some simplified stochastic beam dynamics problems are treated by solving the corresponding Fokker-Planck equations numerically., Comment: 11 pages Latex, 6 figures (eps)

Published
1999
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16. Samples Collected From the Floor of Jezero Crater With the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover

Author

Simon, J. I., primary, Hickman‐Lewis, K., additional, Cohen, B. A., additional, Mayhew, L. E., additional, Shuster, D. L., additional, Debaille, V., additional, Hausrath, E. M., additional, Weiss, B. P., additional, Bosak, T., additional, Zorzano, M.‐P., additional, Amundsen, H. E. F., additional, Beegle, L. W., additional, Bell, J. F., additional, Benison, K. C., additional, Berger, E. L., additional, Beyssac, O., additional, Brown, A. J., additional, Calef, F., additional, Casademont, T. M., additional, Clark, B., additional, Clavé, E., additional, Crumpler, L., additional, Czaja, A. D., additional, Fairén, A. G., additional, Farley, K. A., additional, Flannery, D. T., additional, Fornaro, T., additional, Forni, O., additional, Gómez, F., additional, Goreva, Y., additional, Gorin, A., additional, Hand, K. P., additional, Hamran, S.‐E., additional, Henneke, J., additional, Herd, C. D. K., additional, Horgan, B. H. N., additional, Johnson, J. R., additional, Joseph, J., additional, Kronyak, R. E., additional, Madariaga, J. M., additional, Maki, J. N., additional, Mandon, L., additional, McCubbin, F. M., additional, McLennan, S. M., additional, Moeller, R. C., additional, Newman, C. E., additional, Núñez, J. I., additional, Pascuzzo, A. C., additional, Pedersen, D. A., additional, Poggiali, G., additional, Pinet, P., additional, Quantin‐Nataf, C., additional, Rice, M., additional, Rice, J. W., additional, Royer, C., additional, Schmidt, M., additional, Sephton, M., additional, Sharma, S., additional, Siljeström, S., additional, Stack, K. M., additional, Steele, A., additional, Sun, V. Z., additional, Udry, A., additional, VanBommel, S., additional, Wadhwa, M., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Williams, A. J., additional, and Williford, K. H., additional

Published
2023
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17. Samples Collected from the Floor of Jezero Crater with the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover

Author

Simon, J. I., Hickman-Lewis, K., Cohen, B. A., Mayhew, L.E., Shuster, D.L., Debaille, V., Hausrath, E. M., Weiss, B.P., Bosak, T., Zorzano, M.-P., Amundsen, H. E. F., Beegle, L.W., Bell III, J.F., Benison, K. C., Berger, E. L., Beyssac, O., Brown, A.J., Calef, F., Casademont, T. M., Clark, B., Clavé, E., Crumpler, L., Czaja, A. D., Fairén, A. G., Farley, K. A., Flannery, D. T., Fornaro, T., Forni, O., Gómez, F., Goreva, Y., Gorin, A., Hand, K. P., Hamran, S.-E., Henneke, J., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B. H. N., Johnson, J. R., Joseph, J., Kronyak, R. E., Madariaga, J. M., Maki, J. N., Mandon, L., McCubbin, F. M., McLennan, S. M., Moeller, R. C., Newman, C. E., Núñez, J. I., Pascuzzo, A. C., Pedersen, D. A., Poggiali, G., Pinet, P., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M., Rice Jr., J. W., Royer, C., Schmidt, M., Sephton, M., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Stack, K. M., Steele, A., Sun, V. Z., Udry, A., VanBommel, S., Wadhwa, M., Wiens, R. C., Williams, A. J., Williford, K. H., Simon, J. I., Hickman-Lewis, K., Cohen, B. A., Mayhew, L.E., Shuster, D.L., Debaille, V., Hausrath, E. M., Weiss, B.P., Bosak, T., Zorzano, M.-P., Amundsen, H. E. F., Beegle, L.W., Bell III, J.F., Benison, K. C., Berger, E. L., Beyssac, O., Brown, A.J., Calef, F., Casademont, T. M., Clark, B., Clavé, E., Crumpler, L., Czaja, A. D., Fairén, A. G., Farley, K. A., Flannery, D. T., Fornaro, T., Forni, O., Gómez, F., Goreva, Y., Gorin, A., Hand, K. P., Hamran, S.-E., Henneke, J., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B. H. N., Johnson, J. R., Joseph, J., Kronyak, R. E., Madariaga, J. M., Maki, J. N., Mandon, L., McCubbin, F. M., McLennan, S. M., Moeller, R. C., Newman, C. E., Núñez, J. I., Pascuzzo, A. C., Pedersen, D. A., Poggiali, G., Pinet, P., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M., Rice Jr., J. W., Royer, C., Schmidt, M., Sephton, M., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Stack, K. M., Steele, A., Sun, V. Z., Udry, A., VanBommel, S., Wadhwa, M., Wiens, R. C., Williams, A. J., and Williford, K. H.

Abstract

The first samples collected by the Mars 2020 mission represent units exposed on the Jezero Crater floor, from the potentially oldest Séítah formation outcrops to the potentially youngest rocks of the heavily cratered Máaz formation. Surface investigations reveal landscape-to-microscopic textural, mineralogical, and geochemical evidence for igneous lithologies, some possibly emplaced as lava flows. The samples contain major rock-forming minerals such as pyroxene, olivine, and feldspar, accessory minerals including oxides and phosphates, and evidence for various degrees of aqueous activity in the form of water-soluble salt, carbonate, sulfate, iron oxide, and iron silicate minerals. Following sample return, the compositions and ages of these variably altered igneous rocks are expected to reveal the geophysical and geochemical nature of the planet’s interior at the time of emplacement, characterize martian magmatism, and place timing constraints on geologic processes, both in Jezero Crater and more widely on Mars. Petrographic observations and geochemical analyses, coupled with geochronology of secondary minerals, can also reveal the timing of aqueous activity as well as constrain the chemical and physical conditions of the environments in which these minerals precipitated, and the nature and composition of organic compounds preserved in association with these phases. Returned samples from these units will help constrain the crater chronology of Mars and the global evolution of the planet’s interior, for understanding the processes that formed Jezero Crater floor units, and for constraining the style and duration of aqueous activity in Jezero Crater, past habitability, and cycling of organic elements in Jezero Crater.

Published
2023

18. Time-Sensitive Aspects of Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science

Author

Tosca, N. J., Agee, Carl, Cockell, C., Glavin, D P, Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, B., McCubbin, F. M., Regberg, Aaron, Velbel, Michael, Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Beaty, D.W., Carrier, B. L., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, Barbara, Debaille, V, Grady, M., Hauber, Ernst, Pratt, Lisa, Smith, Alvin, Smith, C., Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Tait, Kimberly, Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Wadhwa, M., Westall, F., Zorzano, M.-P., Tosca N. J., Beaty D. W., Carrier B. L., Agee C. B., Cockell C. S., Glavin D. P., Hutzler A., Marty B., McCubbin F. M., Regberg A. B., Velbel M. A., Kminek G., Meyer M. A., Haltigin T., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Debaille V., Grady M. M., Hauber E., Hays L. E., Pratt L. M., Smith A. L., Smith C. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., Tait K. T., Udry A., Usui T., Wadhwa M., Westall F., Zorzano M. -P., University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], University of Edinburgh, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), European Space Agency (ESA), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, NASA Headquarters, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Tosca, Nicholas [0000-0003-4415-4231], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Minerals, geology, Extraterrestrial Environment, laboratory experiments, Sulfates, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], astrobiology, Mars, Space Flight, Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science, sample return, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Space and Planetary Science, Exobiology, Clay, Gases
Abstract

Samples returned from Mars would be placed under quarantine at a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) until they are considered safe to release to other laboratories for further study. The process of determining whether samples are safe for release, which may involve detailed analysis and/or sterilization, is expected to take several months. However, the process of breaking the sample tube seal and extracting the headspace gas will perturb local equilibrium conditions between gas and rock and set in motion irreversible processes that proceed as a function of time. Unless these time-sensitive processes are understood, planned for, and/or monitored during the quarantine period, scientific information expected from further analysis may be lost forever. At least four processes underpin the time-sensitivity of Mars returned sample science: (1) degradation of organic material of potential biological origin, (2) modification of sample headspace gas composition, (3) mineral-volatile exchange, and (4) oxidation/reduction of redox-sensitive materials. Available constraints on the timescales associated with these processes supports the conclusion that an SRF must have the capability to characterize attributes such as sample tube headspace gas composition, organic material of potential biological origin, as well as volatiles and their solid-phase hosts. Because most time-sensitive investigations are also sensitive to sterilization, these must be completed inside the SRF and on timescales of several months or less. To that end, we detail recommendations for how sample preparation and analysis could complete these investigations as efficiently as possible within an SRF. Finally, because constraints on characteristic timescales that define time-sensitivity for some processes are uncertain, future work should focus on: (1) quantifying the timescales of volatile exchange for core material physically and mineralogically similar to samples expected to be returned from Mars, and (2) identifying and developing stabilization or temporary storage strategies that mitigate volatile exchange until analysis can be completed. Executive Summary Any samples returned from Mars would be placed under quarantine at a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) until it can be determined that they are safe to release to other laboratories for further study. The process of determining whether samples are safe for release, which may involve detailed analysis and/or sterilization, is expected to take several months. However, the process of breaking the sample tube seal and extracting the headspace gas would perturb local equilibrium conditions between gas and rock and set in motion irreversible processes that proceed as a function of time. Unless these processes are understood, planned for, and/or monitored during the quarantine period, scientific information expected from further analysis may be lost forever. Specialist members of the Mars Sample Return Planning Group Phase 2 (MSPG-2), referred to here as the Time-Sensitive Focus Group, have identified four processes that underpin the time-sensitivity of Mars returned sample science: (1) degradation of organic material of potential biological origin, (2) modification of sample headspace gas composition, (3) mineral-volatile exchange, and (4) oxidation/reduction of redox-sensitive materials (Figure 2). Consideration of the timescales and the degree to which these processes jeopardize scientific investigations of returned samples supports the conclusion that an SRF must have the capability to characterize: (1) sample tube headspace gas composition, (2) organic material of potential biological origin, (3) volatiles bound to or within minerals, and (4) minerals or other solids that host volatiles (Table 4). Most of the investigations classified as time-sensitive in this report are also sensitive to sterilization by either heat treatment and/or gamma irradiation (Velbel et al., 2022). Therefore, these investigations must be completed inside biocontainment and on timescales that minimize the irrecoverable loss of scientific information (i.e., several months or less; Section 5). To that end, the Time-Sensitive Focus Group has outlined a number of specific recommendations for sample preparation and instrumentation in order to complete these investigations as efficiently as possible within an SRF (Table 5). Constraints on the characteristic timescales that define time-sensitivity for different processes can range from relatively coarse to uncertain (Section 4). Thus, future work should focus on: (1) quantifying the timescales of volatile exchange for variably lithified core material physically and mineralogically similar to samples expected to be returned from Mars, and (2) identifying and developing stabilization strategies or temporary storage strategies that mitigate volatile exchange until analysis can be completed. List of Findings FINDING T-1: Aqueous phases, and oxidants liberated by exposure of the sample to aqueous phases, mediate and accelerate the degradation of critically important but sensitive organic compounds such as DNA. FINDING T-2: Warming samples increases reaction rates and destroys compounds making biological studies much more time-sensitive. MAJOR FINDING T-3: Given the potential for rapid degradation of biomolecules, (especially in the presence of aqueous phases and/or reactive O-containing compounds) Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (SSAP) and parallel biological analysis are time sensitive and must be carried out as soon as possible. FINDING T-4: If molecules or whole cells from either extant or extinct organisms have persisted under present-day martian conditions in the samples, then it follows that preserving sample aliquots under those same conditions (i.e., 6 mbar total pressure in a dominantly CO2 atmosphere and at an average temperature of -80°C) in a small isolation chamber is likely to allow for their continued persistence. FINDING T-5: Volatile compounds (e.g., HCN and formaldehyde) have been lost from Solar System materials stored under standard curation conditions. FINDING T-6: Reactive O-containing species have been identified in situ at the martian surface and so may be present in rock or regolith samples returned from Mars. These species rapidly degrade organic molecules and react more rapidly as temperature and humidity increase. FINDING T-7: Because the sample tubes would not be closed with perfect seals and because, after arrival on Earth, there will be a large pressure gradient across that seal such that the probability of contamination of the tube interiors by terrestrial gases increases with time, the as-received sample tubes are considered a poor choice for long-term gas sample storage. This is an important element of time sensitivity. MAJOR FINDING T-8: To determine how volatiles may have been exchanged with headspace gas during transit to Earth, the composition of martian atmosphere (in a separately sealed reservoir and/or extracted from the witness tubes), sample headspace gas composition, temperature/time history of the samples, and mineral composition (including mineral-bound volatiles) must all be quantified. When the sample tube seal is breached, mineral-bound volatile loss to the curation atmosphere jeopardizes robust determination of volatile exchange history between mineral and headspace. FINDING T-9: Previous experiments with mineral powders show that sulfate minerals are susceptible to H2O loss over timescales of hours to days. In addition to volatile loss, these processes are accompanied by mineralogical transformation. Thus, investigations targeting these minerals should be considered time-sensitive. FINDING T-10: Sulfate minerals may be stabilized by storage under fixed relative-humidity conditions, but only if the identity of the sulfate phase(s) is known a priori. In addition, other methods such as freezing may also stabilize these minerals against volatile loss. FINDING T-11: Hydrous perchlorate salts are likely to undergo phase transitions and volatile exchange with ambient surroundings in hours to days under temperature and relative humidity ranges typical of laboratory environments. However, the exact timescale over which these processes occur is likely a function of grain size, lithification, and/or cementation. FINDING T-12: Nanocrystalline or X-ray amorphous materials are typically stabilized by high proportions of surface adsorbed H2O. Because this surface adsorbed H2O is weakly bound compared to bulk materials, nanocrystalline materials are likely to undergo irreversible ripening reactions in response to volatile loss, which in turn results in decreases in specific surface area and increases in crystallinity. These reactions are expected to occur over the timescale of weeks to months under curation conditions. Therefore, the crystallinity and specific surface area of nanocrystalline materials should be characterized and monitored within a few months of opening the sample tubes. These are considered time-sensitive measurements that must be made as soon as possible. FINDING T-13: Volcanic and impact glasses, as well as opal-CT, are metastable in air and susceptible to alteration and volatile exchange with other solid phases and ambient headspace. However, available constraints indicate that these reactions are expected to proceed slowly under typical laboratory conditions (i.e., several years) and so analyses targeting these materials are not considered time sensitive. FINDING T-14: Surface adsorbed and interlayer-bound H2O in clay minerals is susceptible to exchange with ambient surroundings at timescales of hours to days, although the timescale may be modified depending on the degree of lithification or cementation. Even though structural properties of clay minerals remain unaffected during this process (with the exception of the interlayer spacing), investigations targeting H2O or other volatiles bound on or within clay minerals should be considered time sensitive upon opening the sample tube. FINDING T-15: Hydrated Mg-carbonates are susceptible to volatile loss and recrystallization and transformation over timespans of months or longer, though this timescale may be modified by the degree of lithification and cementation. Investigations targeting hydrated carbonate minerals (either the volatiles they host or their bulk mineralogical properties) should be considered time sensitive upon opening the sample tube. MAJOR FINDING T-16: Current understanding of mineral-volatile exchange rates and processes is largely derived from monomineralic experiments and systems with high surface area; lithified sedimentary rocks (accounting for some, but not all, of the samples in the cache) will behave differently in this regard and are likely to be associated with longer time constants controlled in part by grain boundary diffusion. Although insufficient information is available to quantify this at the present time, the timescale of mineral-volatile exchange in lithified samples is likely to overlap with the sample processing and curation workflow (i.e., 1-10 months; Table 4). This underscores the need to prioritize measurements targeting mineral-hosted volatiles within biocontainment. FINDING T-17: The liberation of reactive O-species through sample treatment or processing involving H2O (e.g., rinsing, solvent extraction, particle size separation in aqueous solution, or other chemical extraction or preparation protocols) is likely to result in oxidation of some component of redox-sensitive materials in a matter of hours. The presence of reactive O-species should be examined before sample processing steps that seek to preserve or target redox-sensitive minerals. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is one example of an effective analytical method capable of detecting and characterizing the presence of reactive O-species. FINDING T-18: Environments that maintain anoxia under inert gas containing <

Published
2022
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19. Surface Energy Budget, Albedo, and Thermal Inertia at Jezero Crater, Mars, as Observed From the Mars 2020 MEDA Instrument

Author

Martínez, G. M., primary, Sebastián, E., additional, Vicente‐Retortillo, A., additional, Smith, M. D., additional, Johnson, J. R., additional, Fischer, E., additional, Savijärvi, H., additional, Toledo, D., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Mora‐Sotomayor, L., additional, Gillespie, H., additional, Munguira, A., additional, Sánchez‐Lavega, A., additional, Lemmon, M. T., additional, Gómez, F., additional, Polkko, J., additional, Mandon, L., additional, Apéstigue, V., additional, Arruego, I., additional, Ramos, M., additional, Conrad, P., additional, Newman, C. E., additional, Torre‐Juarez, M. de la, additional, Jordan, F., additional, Tamppari, L. K., additional, McConnochie, T. H., additional, Harri, A.‐M., additional, Genzer, M., additional, Hieta, M., additional, Zorzano, M.‐P., additional, Siegler, M., additional, Prieto, O., additional, Molina, A., additional, and Rodríguez‐Manfredi, J. A., additional

Published
2023
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20. Seeking Signs of Life on Mars: the Importance of Sedimentary Suites as Part of a Mars Sample Return Campaign

Author

Mangold, N, McLennan, S. M, Czaja, A. D, Ori, G. G, Tosca, N. J, Altieri, F, Amelin, Y, Ammannito, E, Anand, M, Beaty, D. W, Benning, L. G, Bishop, J. L, Borg, L. E, Boucher, D, Brucato, J. R, Busemann, H, Campbell, K. A, Carrier, B. L, Debaille, V, Des Marais, D. J, Dixon, M, Ehlmann, B. L, Farmer, J. D, Fernandez-Remolar, D. C, Fogarty, J, Glavin, D. P, Goreva, Y. S, Grady, M. M, Hallis, L. J, Harrington, A. D, Hausrath, E. M, Herd, C. D. K, Horgan, B, Humayun, M, Kleine, T, Kleinhenz, J, Mackelprang, R, Mayhew, L. E, McCubbin, F. M, McCoy, J. T, McSween, H. Y, Moser, D. E, Moynier, F, Mustard, J. F, Niles, P. B, Raulin, F, Rettberg, P, Rucker, M. A, Schmitz, N, Sefton-Nash, E, Sephton, M. A, Shaheen, R, Shuster, D. L, Siljeström, S, Smith, C. L, Spry, J. A, Steele, A, Swindle, T. D, ten Kate, I. L, Usui, T, Van Kranendonk, M. J, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B. P, Werner, S. C, Westall, F, Wheeler, R. M, Zipfel, J, and Zorzano, M. P

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

Seeking the signs of life on Mars is often considered the "first among equal" objectives for any potential Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign. Among the geological settings considered to have the greatest potential for recording evidence of ancient life or its pre-biotic chemistry on Mars are lacustrine (and marine, if ever present) sedimentary depositional environments. This potential, and the possibility of returning samples that could meaningfully address this objective, have been greatly enhanced by investigations of an ancient redox stratified lake system in Gale crater by the Curiosity rover.

Published
2018

21. Seeking Signs of Life on Mars: A Strategy for Selecting and Analyzing Returned Samples from Hydrothermal Deposits

Author

Campbell, K. A, Farmer, J. D, Van Kranendonk, M. J, Fernandez-Remolar, D. C, Czaja, A. D, Altieri, F, Amelin, Y, Ammannito, E, Anand, M, Beaty, D. W, Benning, L. G, Bishop, J. L, Borg, L. E, Boucher, D, Brucato, J. R, Busemann, J. R, Carrier, B. L, Debaille, V, Des Marais, D. J, Dixon, M, Ehlmann, B. L, Fogarty, James T, Glavin, D. P, Goreva, Y. S, Grady, M. M, Hallis, L. J, Harrington, A. D, Hausrath, E. M, Herd, C. D. K, Horgan, B, Humayun, M, Kleine, T, Kleinhenz, J, Mangold, N, Mackelprang, R, Mayhew, L. E, McCubbin, F. M, Mccoy, Teresa R, McLennan, S. M, McSween, H. Y, Moser, D. E, Moynier, F, Mustard, J. F, Niles, P. B, Ori, G. G, Raulin, F, Rettberg, P, Rucker, Michelle A, Schmitz, N, Sefton-Nash, E, Sephton, M. A, Shaheen, R, Shuster, D. L, Siljestrom, S, Smith, C. L, Spry, J. A, Steele, A, Swindle, T. D, ten Kate, I. L, Tosca, N. J, Usui, T, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B. P, Werner, S. C, Westall, F, Wheeler, R. M, Zipfel, J, and Zorzano, M. P

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

Highly promising locales for biosignature prospecting on Mars are ancient hydrothermal deposits, formed by the interaction of surface water with heat from volcanism or impacts. On Earth, they occur throughout the geological record (to at least approx. 3.5 Ga), preserving robust mineralogical, textural and compositional evidence of thermophilic microbial activity. Hydrothermal systems were likely present early in Mars' history, including at two of the three finalist candidate landing sites for M2020, Columbia Hills and NE Syrtis Major. Hydrothermal environments on Earth's surface are varied, constituting subaerial hot spring aprons, mounds and fumaroles; shallow to deep-sea hydrothermal vents (black and white smokers); and vent mounds and hot-spring discharges in lacustrine and fluvial settings. Biological information can be preserved by rapid, spring-sourced mineral precipitation, but also could be altered or destroyed by postdepositional events. Thus, field observations need to be followed by detailed laboratory analysis to verify potential biosignatures. See Attachment

Published
2018

22. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Farley, K. A., primary, Stack, K. M., additional, Shuster, D. L., additional, Horgan, B. H. N., additional, Hurowitz, J. A., additional, Tarnas, J. D., additional, Simon, J. I., additional, Sun, V. Z., additional, Scheller, E. L., additional, Moore, K. R., additional, McLennan, S. M., additional, Vasconcelos, P. M., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Treiman, A. H., additional, Mayhew, L. E., additional, Beyssac, O., additional, Kizovski, T. V., additional, Tosca, N. J., additional, Williford, K. H., additional, Crumpler, L. S., additional, Beegle, L. W., additional, Bell, J. F., additional, Ehlmann, B. L., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Maki, J. N., additional, Schmidt, M. E., additional, Allwood, A. C., additional, Amundsen, H. E. F., additional, Bhartia, R., additional, Bosak, T., additional, Brown, A. J., additional, Clark, B. C., additional, Cousin, A., additional, Forni, O., additional, Gabriel, T. S. J., additional, Goreva, Y., additional, Gupta, S., additional, Hamran, S.-E., additional, Herd, C. D. K., additional, Hickman-Lewis, K., additional, Johnson, J. R., additional, Kah, L. C., additional, Kelemen, P. B., additional, Kinch, K. B., additional, Mandon, L., additional, Mangold, N., additional, Quantin-Nataf, C., additional, Rice, M. S., additional, Russell, P. S., additional, Sharma, S., additional, Siljeström, S., additional, Steele, A., additional, Sullivan, R., additional, Wadhwa, M., additional, Weiss, B. P., additional, Williams, A. J., additional, Wogsland, B. V., additional, Willis, P. A., additional, Acosta-Maeda, T. A., additional, Beck, P., additional, Benzerara, K., additional, Bernard, S., additional, Burton, A. S., additional, Cardarelli, E. L., additional, Chide, B., additional, Clavé, E., additional, Cloutis, E. A., additional, Cohen, B. A., additional, Czaja, A. D., additional, Debaille, V., additional, Dehouck, E., additional, Fairén, A. G., additional, Flannery, D. T., additional, Fleron, S. Z., additional, Fouchet, T., additional, Frydenvang, J., additional, Garczynski, B. J., additional, Gibbons, E. F., additional, Hausrath, E. M., additional, Hayes, A. G., additional, Henneke, J., additional, Jørgensen, J. L., additional, Kelly, E. M., additional, Lasue, J., additional, Le Mouélic, S., additional, Madariaga, J. M., additional, Maurice, S., additional, Merusi, M., additional, Meslin, P.-Y., additional, Milkovich, S. M., additional, Million, C. C., additional, Moeller, R. C., additional, Núñez, J. I., additional, Ollila, A. M., additional, Paar, G., additional, Paige, D. A., additional, Pedersen, D. A. K., additional, Pilleri, P., additional, Pilorget, C., additional, Pinet, P. C., additional, Rice, J. W., additional, Royer, C., additional, Sautter, V., additional, Schulte, M., additional, Sephton, M. A., additional, Sharma, S. K., additional, Sholes, S. F., additional, Spanovich, N., additional, St. Clair, M., additional, Tate, C. D., additional, Uckert, K., additional, VanBommel, S. J., additional, Yanchilina, A. G., additional, and Zorzano, M.-P., additional

Published
2022
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23. Unexplained Oxygen Variability: New Results on Molecular Oxygen in the Lower Martian Atmosphere from Chemcam and Supercam Passive Sky Observations

Author

Mcconnochie, T., Trainer, Melissa G., Smith, M., Guzewich, S., Franz, H. B., Newman, C., Lo, D., Atreya, S., Moores, J., Sapers, H., Lemmon, Mark, Wolff, Michael, Montmessin, Franck, Knutsen, Elise Wright, Fouchet, Thierry, Bertrand, Tanguy, Gasnault, Olivier, Lasue, Jérémie, Forni, O., Pilleri, Paolo, Maurice, Sylvestre, Legett, Carey, Newell, Raymond, Venhaus, Dawn, Lanza, Nina, Wiens, R., Hecht, M., Zorzano, M.-P., Khayat, A., Lefèvre, Franck, Daerden, Frank, Fedorova, Anna, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Aeolis Research, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Purdue University [West Lafayette], MIT Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), and Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

24. Report of the Science Community Workshop on the proposed First Sample Depot for the Mars Sample Return Campaign.

Author

Czaja, A. D., Zorzano, M.‐P., Kminek, G., Meyer, M. A., Beaty, D. W., Sefton‐Nash, E., Carrier, B. L., Thiessen, F., Haltigin, T., Bouvier, A., Dauphas, N., French, K. L., Hallis, L. J., Harris, R. L., Hauber, E., Rodriguez, L. E., Schwenzer, S. P., Steele, A., Tait, K. T., and Thorpe, M. T.

Subjects
*SCIENCE journalism, *COMMUNITIES, *MARS (Planet), *REGOLITH, *COMMUNITY support, *RESEARCH teams, *MARTIAN exploration
Abstract

The Mars 2020/Mars Sample Return (MSR) Sample Depot Science Community Workshop was held on September 28 and 30, 2022, to assess the Scientifically‐Return Worthy (SRW) value of the full collection of samples acquired by the rover Perseverance at Jezero Crater, and of a proposed subset of samples to be left as a First Depot at a location within Jezero Crater called Three Forks. The primary outcome of the workshop was that the community is in consensus on the following statement: The proposed set of ten sample tubes that includes seven rock samples, one regolith sample, one atmospheric sample, and one witness tube constitutes a SRW collection that: (1) represents the diversity of the explored region around the landing site, (2) covers partially or fully, in a balanced way, all of the International MSR Objectives and Samples Team scientific objectives that are applicable to Jezero Crater, and (3) the analyses of samples in this First Depot on Earth would be of fundamental importance, providing a substantial improvement in our understanding of Mars. At the conclusion of the meeting, there was overall community support for forming the First Depot as described at the workshop and placing it at the Three Forks site. The community also recognized that the diversity of the Rover Cache (the sample collection that remains on the rover after placing the First Depot) will significantly improve with the samples that are planned to be obtained in the future by the Perseverance rover and that the Rover Cache is the primary target for MSR to return to Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) of Three Spectrometers for the ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Korablev, O., Montmessin, F., Trokhimovskiy, A., Fedorova, A. A., Shakun, A. V., Grigoriev, A. V., Moshkin, B. E., Ignatiev, N. I., Forget, F., Lefèvre, F., Anufreychik, K., Dzuban, I., Ivanov, Y. S., Kalinnikov, Y. K., Kozlova, T. O., Kungurov, A., Makarov, V., Martynovich, F., Maslov, I., Merzlyakov, D., Moiseev, P. P., Nikolskiy, Y., Patrakeev, A., Patsaev, D., Santos-Skripko, A., Sazonov, O., Semena, N., Semenov, A., Shashkin, V., Sidorov, A., Stepanov, A. V., Stupin, I., Timonin, D., Titov, A. Y., Viktorov, A., Zharkov, A., Altieri, F., Arnold, G., Belyaev, D. A., Bertaux, J. L., Betsis, D. S., Duxbury, N., Encrenaz, T., Fouchet, T., Gérard, J.-C., Grassi, D., Guerlet, S., Hartogh, P., Kasaba, Y., Khatuntsev, I., Krasnopolsky, V. A., Kuzmin, R. O., Lellouch, E., Lopez-Valverde, M. A., Luginin, M., Määttänen, A., Marcq, E., Martin Torres, J., Medvedev, A. S., Millour, E., Olsen, K. S., Patel, M. R., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rodin, A. V., Shematovich, V. I., Thomas, I., Thomas, N., Vazquez, L., Vincendon, M., Wilquet, V., Wilson, C. F., Zasova, L. V., Zelenyi, L. M., and Zorzano, M. P.

Published
2017
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26. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Farley, K A, Stack, K M, Shuster, D L, Horgan, B H N, Hurowitz, J A, Tarnas, J D, Simon, J I, Sun, V Z, Scheller, E L, Moore, K R, McLennan, S M, Vasconcelos, P M, Wiens, R C, Treiman, A H, Mayhew, L E, Beyssac, O, Kizovski, T V, Tosca, N J, Williford, K H, Crumpler, L S, Beegle, L W, Bell, J F, Ehlmann, B L, Liu, Y, Maki, J N, Schmidt, M E, Allwood, A C, Amundsen, H E F, Bhartia, R, Bosak, T, Brown, A J, Clark, B C, Cousin, A, Forni, O, Gabriel, T S J, Goreva, Y, Gupta, S, Hamran, S-E, Herd, C D K, Hickman-Lewis, K, Johnson, J R, Kah, L C, Kelemen, P B, Kinch, K B, Mandon, L, Mangold, N, Quantin-Nataf, C, Rice, M S, Russell, P S, Sharma, S K, Siljeström, S, Steele, A, Sullivan, R, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B P, Williams, A J, Wogsland, B V, Willis, P A, Acosta-Maeda, T A, Beck, P, Benzerara, K, Bernard, S, Burton, A S, Cardarelli, E L, Chide, B, Clavé, E, Cloutis, E A, Cohen, B A, Czaja, A D, Debaille, V, Dehouck, E, Fairén, A G, Flannery, D T, Fleron, S Z, Fouchet, T, Frydenvang, J, Garczynski, B J, Gibbons, E F, Hausrath, E M, Hayes, A G, Henneke, J, Jørgensen, J L, Kelly, E M, Lasue, J, Le Mouélic, S, Madariaga, J M, Maurice, S, Merusi, M, Meslin, P-Y, Milkovich, S M, Million, C C, Moeller, R C, Núñez, J I, Ollila, A M, Paar, G, Paige, D A, Pedersen, D A K, Pilleri, P, Pilorget, C, Pinet, P C, Rice, J W, Royer, C, Sautter, V, Schulte, M, Sephton, M A, Sholes, S F, Spanovich, N, St Clair, M, Tate, C D, Uckert, K, VanBommel, S J, Yanchilina, A G, Zorzano, M-P, Farley, K A, Stack, K M, Shuster, D L, Horgan, B H N, Hurowitz, J A, Tarnas, J D, Simon, J I, Sun, V Z, Scheller, E L, Moore, K R, McLennan, S M, Vasconcelos, P M, Wiens, R C, Treiman, A H, Mayhew, L E, Beyssac, O, Kizovski, T V, Tosca, N J, Williford, K H, Crumpler, L S, Beegle, L W, Bell, J F, Ehlmann, B L, Liu, Y, Maki, J N, Schmidt, M E, Allwood, A C, Amundsen, H E F, Bhartia, R, Bosak, T, Brown, A J, Clark, B C, Cousin, A, Forni, O, Gabriel, T S J, Goreva, Y, Gupta, S, Hamran, S-E, Herd, C D K, Hickman-Lewis, K, Johnson, J R, Kah, L C, Kelemen, P B, Kinch, K B, Mandon, L, Mangold, N, Quantin-Nataf, C, Rice, M S, Russell, P S, Sharma, S K, Siljeström, S, Steele, A, Sullivan, R, Wadhwa, M, Weiss, B P, Williams, A J, Wogsland, B V, Willis, P A, Acosta-Maeda, T A, Beck, P, Benzerara, K, Bernard, S, Burton, A S, Cardarelli, E L, Chide, B, Clavé, E, Cloutis, E A, Cohen, B A, Czaja, A D, Debaille, V, Dehouck, E, Fairén, A G, Flannery, D T, Fleron, S Z, Fouchet, T, Frydenvang, J, Garczynski, B J, Gibbons, E F, Hausrath, E M, Hayes, A G, Henneke, J, Jørgensen, J L, Kelly, E M, Lasue, J, Le Mouélic, S, Madariaga, J M, Maurice, S, Merusi, M, Meslin, P-Y, Milkovich, S M, Million, C C, Moeller, R C, Núñez, J I, Ollila, A M, Paar, G, Paige, D A, Pedersen, D A K, Pilleri, P, Pilorget, C, Pinet, P C, Rice, J W, Royer, C, Sautter, V, Schulte, M, Sephton, M A, Sholes, S F, Spanovich, N, St Clair, M, Tate, C D, Uckert, K, VanBommel, S J, Yanchilina, A G, and Zorzano, M-P

Abstract

The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater’s sedimentary delta, finding the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Séítah, is a coarsely crystalline olivine-rich rock, which accumulated at the base of a magma body. Fe-Mg carbonates along grain boundaries indicate reactions with CO2-rich water, under water-poor conditions. Overlying Séítah is a unit informally named Máaz, which we interpret as lava flows or the chemical complement to Séítah in a layered igneous body. Voids in these rocks contain sulfates and perchlorates, likely introduced by later near-surface brine evaporation. Core samples of these rocks were stored aboard Perseverance for potential return to Earth.

Published
2022

27. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Shuster, D. L., Horgan, B. H. N., Hurowitz, J. A., Tarnas, J. D., Simon, J. I., Sun, V. Z., Scheller, E. L., Moore, K. R., McLennan, S. M., Vasconcelos, P. M., Wiens, R. C., Treiman, A. H., Mayhew, L. E., Beyssac, O., Kizovski, T. V., Tosca, N. J., Williford, K. H., Crumpler, L. S., Beegle, L. W., Bell, J. F., Ehlmann, B. L., Liu, Y., Maki, J. N., Schmidt, M. E., Allwood, A. C., Amundsen, H. E. F., Bhartia, R., Bosak, T., Brown, A. J., Clark, B. C., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gabriel, T. S. J., Goreva, Y., Gupta, S., Hamran, S.-E., Herd, C. D. K., Hickman-Lewis, K., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Kelemen, P. B., Kinch, K. B., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Russell, P. S., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Steele, A., Sullivan, R., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Williams, A. J., Wogsland, B. V., Willis, P. A., Acosta-Maeda, T. A., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Burton, A. S., Cardarelli, E. L., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Cloutis, E. A., Cohen, B. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Dehouck, E., Fairén, A. G., Flannery, D. T., Fleron, S. Z., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Garczynski, B. J., Gibbons, E. F., Hausrath, E. M., Hayes, A. G., Henneke, J., Jørgensen, J. L., Kelly, E. M., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Madariaga, J. M., Maurice, S., Merusi, M., Meslin, P.-Y., Milkovich, S. M., Million, C. C., Moeller, R. C., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Paar, G., Paige, D. A., Pedersen, D. A. K., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P. C., Rice, J. W., Royer, C., Sautter, V., Schulte, M., Sephton, M. A., Sharma, S. K., Sholes, S. F., Spanovich, N., Clair, M. St., Tate, C. D., Uckert, K., VanBommel, S. J., Yanchilina, A. G., Zorzano, M.-P., Farley, K. A., Stack, K. M., Shuster, D. L., Horgan, B. H. N., Hurowitz, J. A., Tarnas, J. D., Simon, J. I., Sun, V. Z., Scheller, E. L., Moore, K. R., McLennan, S. M., Vasconcelos, P. M., Wiens, R. C., Treiman, A. H., Mayhew, L. E., Beyssac, O., Kizovski, T. V., Tosca, N. J., Williford, K. H., Crumpler, L. S., Beegle, L. W., Bell, J. F., Ehlmann, B. L., Liu, Y., Maki, J. N., Schmidt, M. E., Allwood, A. C., Amundsen, H. E. F., Bhartia, R., Bosak, T., Brown, A. J., Clark, B. C., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gabriel, T. S. J., Goreva, Y., Gupta, S., Hamran, S.-E., Herd, C. D. K., Hickman-Lewis, K., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Kelemen, P. B., Kinch, K. B., Mandon, L., Mangold, N., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rice, M. S., Russell, P. S., Sharma, S., Siljeström, S., Steele, A., Sullivan, R., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Williams, A. J., Wogsland, B. V., Willis, P. A., Acosta-Maeda, T. A., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Burton, A. S., Cardarelli, E. L., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Cloutis, E. A., Cohen, B. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Dehouck, E., Fairén, A. G., Flannery, D. T., Fleron, S. Z., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Garczynski, B. J., Gibbons, E. F., Hausrath, E. M., Hayes, A. G., Henneke, J., Jørgensen, J. L., Kelly, E. M., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Madariaga, J. M., Maurice, S., Merusi, M., Meslin, P.-Y., Milkovich, S. M., Million, C. C., Moeller, R. C., Nuñez, J. I., Ollila, A. M., Paar, G., Paige, D. A., Pedersen, D. A. K., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P. C., Rice, J. W., Royer, C., Sautter, V., Schulte, M., Sephton, M. A., Sharma, S. K., Sholes, S. F., Spanovich, N., Clair, M. St., Tate, C. D., Uckert, K., VanBommel, S. J., Yanchilina, A. G., and Zorzano, M.-P.

Abstract

The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater's sedimentary delta, finding that the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Seitah, is a coarsely crystalline olivine-rich rock, which accumulated at the base of a magma body. Magnesium-iron carbonates along grain boundaries indicate reactions with carbon dioxide-rich water under water-poor conditions. Overlying Seitah is a unit informally named Maaz, which we interpret as lava flows or the chemical complement to Seitah in a layered igneous body. Voids in these rocks contain sulfates and perchlorates, likely introduced by later near-surface brine evaporation. Core samples of these rocks have been stored aboard Perseverance for potential return to Earth.

Published
2022

28. Evidence for perchlorate and sulfate salts in jezero crater, mars, from supercam observations

Author

Meslin, P.-Y, Forni, O, Beck, P, Cousin, A, Beyssac, O, Lopez-Reyes, G, Benzerara, K, Ollila, A, Mandon, L, Wiens, R, Clegg, S, Montagnac, G, Clavé, E, Manrique, J.-A, Chide, B, Maurice, S, Gasnault, Olivier, Lasue, J, Quantin-Nataf, C, Dehouck, E, Sharma, S, Arana, G, Madariaga, J, Castro, K, Schröder, S, Mangold, N, Poulet, F, Johnson, J, Le Mouélic, S, Zorzano, M.-P, Gasnault, Olivier, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Hawaii, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), and Lunar and Planetary Institute

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

29. Science and Curation Considerations for the Design of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Sample Receiving Facility

Author

Carrier, B. L., Beaty, D., Hutzler, Aurore, Smith, Alvin, Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Agee, Carl, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, B., Cockell, C., Debaille, V, Glavin, D P, Grady, M., Hauber, Ernst, Marty, B., McCubbin, F. M., Pratt, Lisa, Regberg, Aaron, Smith, C., Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Tait, Kimberly, Tosca, N. J., Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Velbel, Michael, Wadhwa, M., Westall, F., Zorzano, M.-P., California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), European Space Agency (ESA), NASA Headquarters, Canadian Space Agency (CSA), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Tokyo] (JAXA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Frapart, Isabelle, Carrier B. L., Beaty D. W., Hutzler A., Smith A. L., Kminek G., Meyer M. A., Haltigin T., Hays L. E., Agee C. B., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Cockell C. S., Debaille V., Glavin D. P., Grady M. M., and Hauber E., Marty B., McCubbin F. M., Pratt L. M., Regberg A. B., Smith C. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., Tait K. T., Tosca N. J., Udry A., Usui T., Velbel M. A., Wadhwa M., Westall F., Zorzano M. -P.

Subjects
geology, Extraterrestrial Environment, laboratory experiments, Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (SSAP), Plant Extracts, astrobiology, Reproducibility of Results, Mars, intrumentation, Space Flight, sample return, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], containment, contamination, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Sample Receiving Facility (SRF), Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign, Spacecraft
Abstract

The most important single element of the "ground system" portion of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign is a facility referred to as the Sample Receiving Facility (SRF), which would need to be designed and equipped to receive the returned spacecraft, extract and open the sealed sample container, extract the samples from the sample tubes, and implement a set of evaluations and analyses of the samples. One of the main findings of the first MSR Sample Planning Group (MSPG, 2019a) states that "The scientific community, for reasons of scientific quality, cost, and timeliness, strongly prefers that as many sample-related investigations as possible be performed in PI-led laboratories outside containment." There are many scientific and technical reasons for this preference, including the ability to utilize advanced and customized instrumentation that may be difficult to reproduce inside in a biocontained facility, and the ability to allow multiple science investigators in different labs to perform similar or complementary analyses to confirm the reproducibility and accuracy of results. It is also reasonable to assume that there will be a desire for the SRF to be as efficient and economical as possible, while still enabling the objectives of MSR to be achieved. For these reasons, MSPG concluded, and MSPG2 agrees, that the SRF should be designed to accommodate only those analytical activities that could not reasonably be done in outside laboratories because they are time- or sterilization-sensitive, are necessary for the Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (SSAP), or are necessary parts of the initial sample characterization process that would allow subsamples to be effectively allocated for investigation. All of this must be accommodated in an SRF, while preserving the scientific value of the samples through maintenance of strict environmental and contamination control standards. Executive Summary The most important single element of the "ground system" portion of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign is a facility referred to as the Sample Receiving Facility (SRF), which would need to be designed and equipped to enable receipt of the returned spacecraft, extraction and opening of the sealed sample container, extraction of the samples from the sample tubes, and a set of evaluations and analyses of the samples-all under strict protocols of biocontainment and contamination control. Some of the important constraints in the areas of cost and required performance have not yet been set by the necessary governmental sponsors, but it is reasonable to assume there will be a desire for the SRF to be as efficient and economical as is possible, while still enabling the objectives of MSR science to be achieved. Additionally, one of the main findings of MSR Sample Planning Group (MSPG, 2019a) states "The scientific community, for reasons of scientific quality, cost, and timeliness, strongly prefers that as many sample-related investigations as possible be performed in PI-led laboratories outside containment." There are many scientific and technical reasons for this preference, including the ability to utilize advanced and customized instrumentation that may be difficult to reproduce inside a biocontained facility. Another benefit is the ability to enable similar or complementary analyses by multiple science investigators in different laboratories, which would confirm the reproducibility and accuracy of results. For these reasons, the MSPG concluded-and the MSR Science Planning Group Phase 2 (MSPG2) agrees-that the SRF should be designed to accommodate only those analytical activities inside biocontainment that could

Published
2021
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30. Aerosol Optical Depth as Observed by the Mars Science Laboratory REMS UV Photodiodes

Author

Smith, M. D, Zorzano, M.-P, Lemmon, M, Martin-Torres, J, and Mendaza de Cal, T

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Systematic observations taken by the REMS UV photodiodes on a daily basis throughout the landed Mars Science Laboratory mission provide a highly useful tool for characterizing aerosols above Gale Crater. Radiative transfer modeling is used to model the approximately two Mars Years of observations taken to date taking into account multiple scattering from aerosols and the extended field of view of the REMS UV photodiodes. The retrievals show in detail the annual cycle of aerosol optical depth, which is punctuated with numerous short timescale events of increased optical depth. Dust deposition onto the photodiodes is accounted for by comparison with aerosol optical depth derived from direct imaging of the Sun by Mastcam. The effect of dust on the photodiodes is noticeable, but does not dominate the signal. Cleaning of dust from the photodiodes was observed in the season around Ls=270deg, but not during other seasons. Systematic deviations in the residuals from the retrieval fit are indicative of changes in aerosol effective particle size, with larger particles present during periods of increased optical depth. This seasonal dependence of aerosol particle size is expected as dust activity injects larger particles into the air, while larger aerosols settle out of the atmosphere more quickly leading to a smaller average particle size over time. A full description of these observations, the retrieval algorithm, and the results can be found in Smith et al. (2016).

Published
2017

31. Metabolt: An In-Situ Instrument to Characterize the Metabolic Activity of Microbial Soil Ecosystems Using Electrochemical and Gaseous Signatures

Author

Nazarious, M. I., Zorzano, M. P., Martín Torres, J., Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Zorzano, M. P. [0000-0002-4492-9650], Martín Torres, J. [0000-0001-6479-2236], Nazarious, M. I. [0000-0002-7148-8803], Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Wallenberg Foundation, Kempe Foundation, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation project, and Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Astrobiología y CSIC

Subjects
Electrical conductivity, Space, Gax monitoring, Greenhouses, Metabolt, Planetary, Redox potential, Astrobiology, Microbial metabolism, Planetary analogue research
Abstract

Metabolt is a portable soil incubator to characterize the metabolic activity of microbial ecosystems in soils. It measures the electrical conductivity, the redox potential, and the concentration of certain metabolism-related gases in the headspace just above a given sample of regolith. In its current design, the overall weight of Metabolt, including the soils (250 g), is 1.9 kg with a maximum power consumption of 1.5 W. Metabolt has been designed to monitor the activity of the soil microbiome for Earth and space applications. In particular, it can be used to monitor the health of soils, the atmospheric-regolith fixation, and release of gaseous species such as N2, H2O, CO2, O2, N2O, NH3, etc., that affect the Earth climate and atmospheric chemistry. It may be used to detect and monitor life signatures in soils, treated or untreated, as well as in controlled environments like greenhouse facilities in space, laboratory research environments like anaerobic chambers, or simulating facilities with different atmospheres and pressures. To illustrate its operation, we tested the instrument with sub-arctic soil samples at Earth environmental conditions under three different conditions: (i) no treatment (unperturbed); (ii) sterilized soil: after heating at 125 °C for 35.4 h (thermal stress); (iii) stressed soil: after adding 25% CaCl2 brine (osmotic stress); with and without addition of 0.5% glucose solution (for control). All the samples showed some distinguishable metabolic response, however there was a time delay on its appearance which depends on the treatment applied to the samples: 80 h for thermal stress without glucose, 59 h with glucose; 36 h for osmotic stress with glucose and no significant reactivation in the pure water case. This instrument shows that, over time, there is a clear observable footprint of the electrochemical signatures in the redox profile which is complementary to the gaseous footprint of the metabolic activity through respiration. We would like to thank David Fernandez-Remolar and Anshuman Bhardwaj, for providing crucial advice through the experiments and in structuring this article. We acknowledge the Wallenberg Foundation and the Kempe Foundation for supporting our Mars research activities. MPZ has been partially funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) Project No. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu"-Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation project (ref. PID2019-104205GB-C21). Peer review

Published
2020

32. Fluids During Diagenesis and Sulfate Vein Formation in Sediments at Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Schwenzer, S. P, Bridges, J. C, Weins, R. C, Conrad, P. G, Kelley, S. P, Leveille, R, Mangold, N, Martin-Torres, J, McAdam, A, Newsom, H, Zorzano, M. P, Rapin, W, Spray, J, Treiman, A. H, Westall, F, Fairen, A. G, and Meslin, P.-Y

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

We model the fluids involved in the alteration processes recorded in the Sheep bed Member mudstones of Yellowknife Bay (YKB), Gale crater, Mars, as revealed by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover investigations. We compare the Gale crater waters with fluids modeled for shergottites, nakhlites, and the ancient meteorite ALH 84001, as well as rocks analyzed by the Mars Exploration rovers, and with terrestrial ground and surface waters. The aqueous solution present during sediment alteration associated with phyllosilicate formation at Gale was high in Na, K, and Si; had low Mg, Fe, and Al concentrations relative to terrestrial ground waters such as the Deccan Traps and other modeled Mars fluids; and had near neutral to alkaline pH. Ca and S species were present in the 10(exp -3) to 10(exp -2) concentration range. A fluid local to Gale crater strata produced the alteration products observed by Curiosity and subsequent evaporation of this ground water- type fluid formed impure sulfate- and silica-rich deposits veins or horizons. In a second, separate stage of alteration, partial dissolution of this sulfate-rich layer in Yellowknife Bay,or beyond, led to the pure sulfate veins observed in YKB. This scenario is analogous to similar processes identified at a terrestrial site in Triassic sediments with gypsum veins of the Mercia Mudstone Group in Watchet Bay, UK.

Published
2016
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33. The Nitrate/Perchlorate Ratio on Mars as an Indicator for Habitability

Author

Stern, J. C, Sutter, B, McKay, C. P, Navarro-Gonzalex, R, Freissinet, C, Conrad, P. G, Mahaffy, P. R, Archer, P. D., Jr, Ming, D. W, Niles, P. B, Zorzano, M.-P, and Martin-Torres, F. J

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Discovery of indigenous martian nitrogen in Mars surface materials has important implications for habitability and the potential development of a nitrogen cycle at some point in martian history. The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity Rover detected evolved nitric oxide (NO) gas during pyrolysis of scooped aeolian sediments and drilled mudstone acquired in Gale Crater. The detection of NO suggests an indigenous source of fixed N, and may indicate a mineralogical sink for atmospheric N2 in the form of nitrate. The ratio of nitrate to oxychlorine species (e.g. perchlorate) may provide insight into the extent of development of a nitrogen cycle on Mars.

Published
2015

34. Potential Cement Phases in Sedimentary Rocks Drilled by Curiosity at Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Rampe, E. B, Morris, R. V, Bish, D. L, Chipera, S. J, Ming, D. W, Blake, D. F, Vaniman, D. T, Bristow, T. F, Cavanagh, P, Farmer, J. D, Morrison, S. M, Siebach, K, Treiman, A. H, Achilles, C. N, Blaney, D, Crisp, J. A, Des Marais, D. J, Downs, R. T, Fendrich, K, Martin-Torres, J, Morookian, J. M, Zorzano, M.-P, Sarrazin, P, Spanovich, N, and Yen, A. S

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity has encountered a variety of sedimentary rocks in Gale crater with different grain sizes, diagenetic features, sedimentary structures, and varying degrees of resistance to erosion. Curiosity has drilled three rocks to date and has analyzed the mineralogy, chemical composition, and textures of the samples with the science payload. The drilled rocks are the Sheepbed mudstone at Yellowknife Bay on the plains of Gale crater (John Klein and Cumberland targets), the Dillinger sandstone at the Kimberley on the plains of Gale crater (Windjana target), and a sedimentary unit in the Pahrump Hills in the lowermost rocks at the base of Mt. Sharp (Confidence Hills target). CheMin is the Xray diffractometer on Curiosity, and its data are used to identify and determine the abundance of mineral phases. Secondary phases can tell us about aqueous alteration processes and, thus, can help to elucidate past aqueous environments. Here, we present the secondary mineralogy of the rocks drilled to date as seen by CheMin and discuss past aqueous environments in Gale crater, the potential cementing agents in each rock, and how amorphous materials may play a role in cementing the sediments.

Published
2015

35. REMS: The Environmental Sensor Suite for the Mars Science Laboratory Rover

Author

Gómez-Elvira, J., Armiens, C., Castañer, L., Domínguez, M., Genzer, M., Gómez, F., Haberle, R., Harri, A.-M., Jiménez, V., Kahanpää, H., Kowalski, L., Lepinette, A., Martín, J., Martínez-Frías, J., McEwan, I., Mora, L., Moreno, J., Navarro, S., de Pablo, M. A., Peinado, V., Peña, A., Polkko, J., Ramos, M., Renno, N. O., Ricart, J., Richardson, M., Rodríguez-Manfredi, J., Romeral, J., Sebastián, E., Serrano, J., de la Torre Juárez, M., Torres, J., Torrero, F., Urquí, R., Vázquez, L., Velasco, T., Verdasca, J., Zorzano, M.-P., and Martín-Torres, J.

Published
2012
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36. Atmospheric composition of exoplanets based on the thermal escape of gases and implications for habitability: Atmospheric composition of exoplanets

Author

Konatham, S., Martín Torres, J., Zorzano, M. P., Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Konatham, S. [0000-0002-8831-6047], Martín Torres, J. [0000-0001-6479-2236], Zorzano, M. P. [0000-0002-4492-9650], Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Luleå University of Technology, Australian Government, and Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial

Subjects
Kinetic, Atmospheres, Exoplanets, Thermal escape, Habitability, Theory
Abstract

The detection of habitable exoplanets is an exciting scientific and technical challenge. Owing to the current and most likely long-lasting impossibility of performing in situ exploration of exoplanets, their study and hypotheses regarding their capability to host life will be based on the restricted low-resolution spatial and spectral information of their atmospheres. On the other hand, with the advent of the upcoming exoplanet survey missions and technological improvements, there is a need for preliminary discrimination that can prioritize potential candidates within the fast-growing list of exoplanets. Here we estimate, for the first time and using the kinetic theory of gases, a list of the possible atmospheric species that can be retained in the atmospheres of the known exoplanets. We conclude that, based on our current knowledge of the detected exoplanets, 45 of them are good candidates for habitability studies. These exoplanets could have Earth-like atmospheres and should be able to maintain stable liquid water. Our results suggest that the current definition of a habitable zone around a star should be revisited and that the capacity of the planet to host an Earth-like atmosphere to support the stability of liquid water should be added. his research has been funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Kempe Foundation, The County Administrative Board of Norrbotten and Luleå University of Technology. M.-P.Z.'s research at CAB has been partially supported by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) project no. MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia ‘María de Maeztu’- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC). Peer review

Published
2020
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37. Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility

Author

Tait, Kimberly, McCubbin, F. M., Smith, C., Agee, Carl, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, B., Debaille, V, Hutzler, Aurore, Usui, Tomohiro, Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Beaty, D., Carrier, B. L., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Cockell, C., Glavin, D. P., Grady, M., Hauber, Ernst, Marty, B., Pratt, Lisa, Regberg, Aaron, Smith, Alvin, Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Tosca, N. J., Udry, Arya, Velbel, Michael, Wadhwa, M., Westall, F., Zorzano, M.-P., Royal Ontario Museum, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), European Space Agency (ESA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), NASA Headquarters, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), University of Edinburgh, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Tait K. T., McCubbin F. M., Smith C. L., Agee C. B., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Debaille V., Hutzler A., Usui T., Kminek G., Meyer M. A., Beaty D. W., Carrier B. L., Haltigin T., Hays L. E., Cockell C. S., Glavin D. P., Grady M. M., Hauber E., Marty B., Pratt L. M., Regberg A. B., Smith A. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., and Tosca N. J.

Subjects
geology, laboratory experiments, Extraterrestrial Environment, Mars Sample Return Planning Group 2 (MSPG2), astrobiology, Mars, Dust, curation, sample return, Space Flight, exploration, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], sample receiving facility, Exobiology, Gases
Abstract

The Mars Sample Return Planning Group 2 (MSPG2) was tasked with identifying the steps that encompass all the curation activities that would happen within the MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) and any anticipated curation-related requirements. An area of specific interest is the necessary analytical instrumentation. The SRF would be a Biosafety Level-4 facility where the returned MSR flight hardware would be opened, the sample tubes accessed, and the martian sample material extracted from the tubes. Characterization of the essential attributes of each sample would be required to provide enough information to prepare a sample catalog used in guiding the preparation of sample-related proposals by the world's research community and informing decisions by the sample allocation committee. The sample catalog would be populated with data and information generated during all phases of activity, including data derived concurrent with Mars 2020 sample-collecting rover activity, sample transport to Earth, and initial sample characterization within the SRF. We conclude that initial sample characterization can best be planned as a set of three sequential phases, which we have called Pre-Basic Characterization (Pre-BC), Basic Characterization (BC), and Preliminary Examination (PE), each of which requires a certain amount of instrumentation. Data on specific samples and subsamples obtained during sample safety assessments and time-sensitive scientific investigations would also be added to the catalog. There are several areas where future work would be beneficial to prepare for the receipt of samples, which would include the design of a sample tube isolation chamber and a strategy for opening the sample tubes and removing dust from the tube exteriors. Executive Summary All material collected from Mars (gases, dust, rock, regolith) would need to be carefully handled, stored, and analyzed following Earth return to minimize the alteration or contamination that could occur on Earth and maximize the scientific information that can be attained from the samples now and into the future. A Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) is where the Earth Entry System (EES) would be opened and the sample tubes opened and processed after they land on Earth. Samples should be accessible for research in biocontainment for time-sensitive studies and eventually, when deemed safe for release after sterilization or biohazard assessment, should be transferred out of biocontainment for allocation to scientific investigators in outside laboratories. There are two main mechanisms for allocation of samples outside the SRF: 1) Wait until the implementation of the Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (Planetary Protection) results concludes that the samples are non-hazardous, 2) Render splits of the samples non-hazardous by means of sterilization. To make these samples accessible, a series of observations and analytical measurements need to be completed to produce a sample catalog for the scientific community. Specialist members of the Mars Sample Return Planning Group Phase 2 (MSPG2), referred to here as the Curation Focus Group, have identified four curation goals that encompass all of the activities within the SRF: 1.Documentation of the state of the sample tubes and their contents prior to opening, 2.Inventory and tracking of the mass of each sample, 3.Preliminary assessment of lithology and any macroscopic forms of heterogeneity (on all the samples, non-invasive, in pristine isolators), 4.Sufficient characterization of the essential attributes of each sample to prepare a sample catalog and respond to requests by the sample allocation committee (partial samples, invasive, outside of pristine isolators). The sample catalog will provide data for the scientific community to make informed requests for samples for scientific investigations and for the approval of allocations of appropriate samples to satisfy these requests. The sample catalog would be populated with data and information generated during all phases of activity, including data derived from the landed Mars 2020 mission, during sample collection and transport to Earth, and reception within the Sample Receiving Facility. Data on specific samples and subsamples would also be generated during curation activities carried out within the Sample Receiving Facility and during sample safety assessments, time-sensitive studies, and a series of initial sample characterization steps we refer to as Pre-Basic Characterization (Pre-BC), Basic Characterization (BC), and Preliminary Examination (PE) phases. A significant portion of the Curation Focus Group's efforts was to determine which instrumentation would be required to produce a sample catalog for the scientific community and how and when certain instrumentation should be used. The goal is to provide enough information for the PIs to request material for their studies but to avoid facilitating studies that target scientific research that is better left to peer-reviewed competitive processes. We reviewed the proposed scientific objectives of the International MSR Objectives and Samples Team (iMOST) (Beaty

Published
2021
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38. The Scientific Importance of Returning Airfall Dust as a Part of Mars Sample Return (MSR)

Author

Grady, M., Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Westall, F., Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Beaty, D., Carrier, B. L., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Agee, Carl, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, B., Cockell, C., Debaille, V, Glavin, D P, Hauber, Ernst, Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, B., McCubbin, F. M., Pratt, Lisa, Regberg, Aaron, Smith, Alvin, Smith, C., Tait, Kimberly, Tosca, N. J., Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Velbel, Michael, Wadhwa, M., Zorzano, M.-P., The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), European Space Agency (ESA), NASA Headquarters, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, NASA, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of Aberdeen, and Grady Monica M., Summons Roger E., Swindle Timothy D., Westall Frances, Kminek Gerhard, Meyer Michael A., Beaty David W., Carrier Brandi L., Haltigin Timothy, Hays Lindsay E., Agee Carl B., Busemann Henner, Cavalazzi Barbara, Cockell Charles S., Vinciane Debaille, Glavin Daniel P., Hauber Ernst, Hutzler Aurore, Marty Bernard, McCubbin Francis M., Pratt Lisa M., Regberg Aaron B., Smith Alvin L., Smith Caroline L., Tait Kimberly T., Tosca Nicholas J., Udry Arya, Usui Tomohiro, Velbel Michael A., Wadhwa Meenakshi, Zorzano Maria-Paz

Subjects
geology, Extraterrestrial Environment, MSR Sample Receiving Facility, MSR Campaign elements, surface-atmosphere interaction, Atmosphere, Earth, Planet, Mars, Dust, sample return, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), MSR Campaign, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Humans, samples, global circulation, mineralogy, surface processes, laboratory analysis
Abstract

International audience; Dust transported in the martian atmosphere is of intrinsic scientific interest and has relevance for the planning of human missions in the future. The MSR Campaign, as currently designed, presents an important opportunity to return serendipitous, airfall dust. The tubes containing samples collected by the Perseverance rover would be placed in cache depots on the martian surface perhaps as early as 2023-24 for recovery by a subsequent mission no earlier than 2028-29, and possibly as late as 2030-31. Thus, the sample tube surfaces could passively collect dust for multiple years. This dust is deemed to be exceptionally valuable as it would inform our knowledge and understanding of Mars' global mineralogy, surface processes, surface-atmosphere interactions, and atmospheric circulation. Preliminary calculations suggest that the total mass of such dust on a full set of tubes could be as much as 100 mg and, therefore, sufficient for many types of laboratory analyses. Two planning steps would optimize our ability to take advantage of this opportunity: (1) the dust-covered sample tubes should be loaded into the Orbiting Sample container (OS) with minimal cleaning and (2) the capability to recover this dust early in the workflow within an MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) would need to be established. A further opportunity to advance dust/atmospheric science using MSR, depending upon the design of the MSR Campaign elements, may lie with direct sampling and the return of airborne dust.

Published
2021
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39. The Present Habitability Potential of Gale Crater: What We Have Learned So Far From Mars Science Laboratory

Author

Conrad, P. G, Archer, P. D, Domagal-Goldman, S, Eigenbrode, J, Fisk, M, Gupta, S, Hamilton, V, Kah, L, Kahanpaa, Henrik, Martin-Torres, J, Martinez-Frias, J, McKay, C. P, Ming, D, Minitti, M. E, Navarro-Gonzalez, R, Owen, T, Pavlov, A, Steele, A, Stern, J, Trieman, A, Zorzano, M-P, and Mahaffy, P. R

Subjects
Exobiology, Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Mars Science Laboratory mission has comprehensively interrogated the surface environment of Mars as it explores Gale Crater. Both chemical and physical attributes of the present environment have been measured over the course of the mission, enabling us to compare the present state of the martian surface with the environmental requirements of prokaryotic microbes. While this approach does not exclude the possibility of martian life that may have evolved to adapt to the present conditions, it is advantageous in that it allows us to evaluate environmental requirements of known life and also provide insight into the likelihood of forward contamination by Earth organisms with the comparison of their environmental requirements with the measured attributes of the environment at Gale Crater. We have already modeled a paleoenvironment with high habitability potential (HP) based upon chemistry, mineralogy and other geological evidence such as sedimentary structures and larger scale geomorphology [1]. In this report, we turn our attention to the present HP of the Yellowknife Bay area, including the importance of the physical environmental metrics such as atmospheric pressure, air and ground temperature, ionizing radiation, wind speed and direction, slope, etc.

Published
2014

40. Influence of aerosol multiple scattering of ultraviolet radiation on martian atmospheric sensing

Author

Zorzano, M.-P. and Cordoba-Jabonero, C.

Subjects
Radiation, Mars (Planet), Knowledge-based system, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.029 Byline: M.-P. Zorzano (a), C. Cordoba-Jabonero (b) Keywords: Mars; atmosphere; Radiative transfer; Ultraviolet observations Abstract: The ultraviolet (UV) radiative transfer problem in the martian atmosphere is dominated by multiple scattering of photons with the micron-sized aerosols that are suspended in the thin atmosphere. By implementing a multiple stream, vertical fine layering description of the radiative transfer equation that is able to cope with the strong vertical variations of the atmospheric properties, we estimate the resulting upwelling and downwelling UV irradiances under different martian scenarios in equatorial and close to equatorial latitudes. We include the latest SPICAM measurements on the aerosol vertical profile (distribution of Angstrom exponent and aerosol loading), scattering properties (asymmetry parameter and single scattering albedo), ground albedo, and O.sub.3 content as well as MER long-term monitorization of ground-based aerosol optical depth. We show that due to the fact that the distributions of absorbing (ozone) and scattering (aerosols) agents are vertically coincident, the probability to absorb a photon following a multiple scattered trajectory is increased. One can thus best detect weak ozone absorption signatures in the upwelling and downwelling diffuse irradiances. However as it is later shown, the absorption signature in the diffuse irradiance field and for a given total ozone column, changes with the total aerosol content and its vertical profile. This must be taken into account in order not to overestimate the total ozone column. It is shown that typical dust scenarios such as those seen by the MER long-term monitorization of ground-based aerosol optical depth, I[approximately equal to]0.45 and 0.9, produce UV nadir viewing reflectance values of the order of 0.02 and 0.04, respectively, which are comparable with those actually measured by Mars Express. For these scenarios, more than 75% of the upwelling irradiance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is backscattered by atmospheric aerosols alone, the rest being reflected by the low albedo ground. Depending on the aerosol vertical distribution, the ozone absorption signature may be changed by a factor of two. Finally we also show that the upwelling irradiance depends also on the ground altitude. In the future, this work may be useful to link in situ, ground-based UV measurements, with simultaneous satellite nadir measurements as well as to extract relevant atmospheric information from the irradiance measurements. Author Affiliation: (a) Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, 28850, Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain (b) Area de Investigacion e Instrumentacion Atmosferica Departamento Observacion de la Tierra, Teledeteccion y Atmosfera, Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain Article History: Received 26 October 2006; Revised 29 March 2007

Published
2007

42. REMS: The Environmental Sensor Suite for the Mars Science Laboratory Rover

Author

Gómez-Elvira, J., primary, Armiens, C., additional, Castañer, L., additional, Domínguez, M., additional, Genzer, M., additional, Gómez, F., additional, Haberle, R., additional, Harri, A.-M., additional, Jiménez, V., additional, Kahanpää, H., additional, Kowalski, L., additional, Lepinette, A., additional, Martín, J., additional, Martínez-Frías, J., additional, McEwan, I., additional, Mora, L., additional, Moreno, J., additional, Navarro, S., additional, de Pablo, M. A., additional, Peinado, V., additional, Peña, A., additional, Polkko, J., additional, Ramos, M., additional, Renno, N. O., additional, Ricart, J., additional, Richardson, M., additional, Rodríguez-Manfredi, J., additional, Romeral, J., additional, Sebastián, E., additional, Serrano, J., additional, de la Torre Juárez, M., additional, Torres, J., additional, Torrero, F., additional, Urquí, R., additional, Vázquez, L., additional, Velasco, T., additional, Verdasca, J., additional, Zorzano, M.-P., additional, and Martín-Torres, J., additional

Published
2012
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45. The potential science and engineering value of samples delivered to Earth by Mars sample return

Author

Beaty, D. W., Grady, Monica, McSween, H. Y., Sefton-Nash, E., Carrier, B. L., Altieri, F., Amelin, Y., Ammannito, E., Anand, M., Benning, L. G., Bishop, J. L., Borg, L. E., Boucher, D., Brucato, J. R., Busemann, H., Campbell, K. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Des Marais, D. J., Dixon, M., Ehlmann, B. L., Farmer, J. D., Fernandez-Remolar, D. C., Filiberto, J., Fogarty, J., Glavin, D. P., Goreva, Y. S., Hallis, L. J., Harrington, A. D., M. Hausrath, E., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Humanyun, M., Kleine, T., Kleinhenz, J., Mackelprang, R., Mangold, N., Mayhew, L. E., McCoy, J. T., McCubbin, F. M., McLennan, S. M., Moser, D. E., Moynier, F., Mustard, J. F., Niles, P. B., Ori, G. G., Raulin, F., Rettberg, P., Rucker, M. A., Schmitz, N., Schwenzer, S. P., Sephton, M. A., Shaheen, R., Sharp, Z. D., Schuster, D. L., Siljestrom, S., Smith, C. L., Spry, J. A., Steele, A., Swindle, T. D., ten Kate, I. L., Tosca, N. J., Usui, T., Van Kranendonk, M. J., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Werner, S. C., Westall, F., Wheeler, R. M., Zipfel, J., Zorzano, M. P., Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Australian National University (ANU), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Planetary and Space Sciences [Milton Keynes] (PSS), School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Génotoxicologie et cycle cellulaire (GCC), Institut Curie [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] (PSSRI), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Laboratoire d'étude de la pollution atmospherique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of Glasgow, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, Department of Geological Sciences [Providence], Brown University, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, International Research School of Planetary Sciences [Pescara] (IRSPS), Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln] (DLR), Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Geological Survey of Western Australia, 100 Plain Street, East Perth, WA 6004, Australia, Department of Geology, The Field Museum, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Centre de géochimie de la surface (CGS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament (CIDAM), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science [Tallahassee] (EOAS), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science [Tallahassee] (FSU | EOAS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Carnegie Institution for Science, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Mars Exploration Working Group, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), and Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Value (ethics), Engineering, GeneralLiterature_INTRODUCTORYANDSURVEY, Science and engineering, Mars, sample return, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Exploration of Mars, 01 natural sciences, Strahlenbiologie, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, 0103 physical sciences, Géographie physique, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Martian, Mars sample return, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Mars Exploration Program, Sciences de l'espace, Geophysics, IMOST, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.OTHER]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other, business
Abstract

Executive summary provided in lieu of abstract., SCOPUS: no.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019
Full Text
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46. Implementing bioburden reduction and control on the deliquescent hydrogel of the HABIT/ExoMars 2022 instrument

Author

Swedish National Space Agency, Australian Government, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Martin Torres, Javier [0000-0001-6479-2236], Zorzano, M-P. [0000-0002-4492-9650], Mathanlal, Thasshwin, Nazarious, Miracle Israel, Ramachandran, Abhilash Vakkada, Zorzano, María Paz, Martín Torres, Javier, Rettberg, Petra, Swedish National Space Agency, Australian Government, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Martin Torres, Javier [0000-0001-6479-2236], Zorzano, M-P. [0000-0002-4492-9650], Mathanlal, Thasshwin, Nazarious, Miracle Israel, Ramachandran, Abhilash Vakkada, Zorzano, María Paz, Martín Torres, Javier, and Rettberg, Petra

Abstract

The HabitAbility: Brines, Irradiation and Temperature (HABIT) instrument will be part of the ExoMars 2022 mission (ESA/Roscosmos) and will be the first European In-situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) instrument capable of producing liquid water on Mars. HABIT is composed by two modules: Environmental Package (EnvPack) and Brine Observation Transition To Liquid Experiment (BOTTLE). EnvPack will help to study the current habitability conditions on Mars investigating the air and surface thermal ranges and Ultraviolet (UV) irradiance; and BOTTLE is a container with four independent vessels housing deliquescent salts, which are known to be present on Mars, where the liquid water will be produced after deliquescence. In order to prevent capillarity of deliquescent or hydrated salts, a mixture of deliquescent salts with Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) based on polyacrylamide is utilized. This mixture has deliquescent and hydrogel properties and can be reused by applying a thermal cycle, complying thus with the purpose of the instrument. A High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) grade filter made of polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) porous membrane sandwiched between spunbounded non-woven fabric stands as a physical barrier allowing interaction between the gaseous molecules of the Martian atmosphere and the salt mixtures, and at the same time preventing the passage of any potential biological contamination from the cells to the outside or vice-versa. In addition to the physical barrier, a strict bioburden reduction and analysis procedure is applied to the hardware and the contained salt mixtures adhering to the European Cooperation for Space Standardization protocol of microbial examination of flight hardware (ECSS-Q-ST-70-55C). The deliquescent salts and the SAP products need to be properly treated independently to adhere to the planetary protection protocols. In this manuscript, we describe the bioburden reduction process utilized to sterilize the salt mixtures in BOTTLE and the as

Published
2020

47. Wind retrieval from temperature measurements from the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station/Mars Science Laboratory

Author

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Martin Torres, Javier [0000-0001-6479-2236], Zorzano, M-P. [0000-0002-4492-9650], Soria-Salinas, Álvaro, Zorzano, María Paz, Mantas Nakhai, Roberto, Martín Torres, Javier, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Martin Torres, Javier [0000-0001-6479-2236], Zorzano, M-P. [0000-0002-4492-9650], Soria-Salinas, Álvaro, Zorzano, María Paz, Mantas Nakhai, Roberto, and Martín Torres, Javier

Abstract

This work presents a novel method for the real-time retrieval of wind speed on the surface of Mars that uses temperature measurements from the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) instrument onboard the Curiosity rover of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. After final failure of the Wind Sensor (WS) in sol 1491, REMS has not been providing wind data. The new wind retrieval approach that we propose may eventually be able to supply MSL with wind values for contextualizing the rover's operations and for meteorological studies on the surface of Mars. The new method is based on forced convection modeling of the Air Temperature Sensors (ATS) of REMS as thin rods immersed in the extreme low-pressure and high-radiating atmospheric conditions of the Martian thermal boundary layer at a height of ∼1.5 m from the surface. A preliminary validation of the possibilities and limitations of this retrieval has been performed using comparative analysis with existing REMS wind field-site data for the same sols that are available at the Planetary Data System (PDS). We have developed both a “coarse” approach, in which wind speed is determined with no regard to wind direction, and a “refined” method, in which it is attempted to determine both wind speed and direction. Assuming the previously reported WS retrieval errors of 20% for the wind speed, we report an agreement to the WS values of wind speed ranging from 36.4% to 77% of the acquisition time for the “coarse” approach, depending on the sol examined. These promising results are limited to only evening extended acquisitions from 18:00 to 21:00 local mean solar time (LMST). This method could be applied to daytime conditions. The results suggest a new optimal orientation for wind speed retrieval of +60°clockwise with respect to the forward direction of the Curiosity rover, although the technique is not yet ready to be considered for planning of the Curiosity rover operations. This method could extend the wind characteri

Published
2020

48. The Potential Science and Engineering Value of Samples Delivered to Earth by Mars Sample Return - Final Report (white paper)

Author

International MSR Objectives and Samples Team, iMOST, Beaty, D. W., Grady, M. M., McSween, H. Y., Sefton-Nash, E., Carrier, B. L., Altieri, F., Amelin, Y., Ammannito, E., Anand, M., Benning, L. G., Bishop, J. L., Borg, L. E., Boucher, D., Brucato, J. R., Busemann, H., Campbell, K. A., Czaja, A. D., Debaille, V., Des Marais, D. J., Dixon, M., Ehlmann, B. L., Farmer, J. D., Fernandez-Remolar, D. C., Filiberto, J., Fogarty, J., Glavin, D. P., Goreva, Y. S., Hallis, L. J., Harrington, A. D., Hausrath, E. M., Herd, C. D. K., Horgan, B., Humayun, M., Kleine, T., Kleinhenz, J., Mackelprang, R., Mangold, N., Mayhew, L. E., McCoy, J. T., McCubbin, F. M., McLennan, S. M., Moser, D. E., Moynier, F., Mustard, J. F., Niles, P. B., Ori, G. G., Raulin, F., Rettberg, Petra, Rucker, M. A., Schmitz, N., Schwenzer, S. P., Sephton, M. A., Shaheen, R., Sharp, Z. D., Shuster, D. L., Siljeström, S., Smith, C. L., Spry, J. A., Steele, A., Swindle, T. D., ten Kate, I. L., Tosca, N. J., Usui, T., Van Kranendonk, M. J., Wadhwa, M., Weiss, B. P., Werner, S. C., Westall, F., Wheeler, R. M., Zipfel, J., Zorzano, M. P., co-chair: Beaty, D. W., co-chair: Grady, M. M., co-chair: McSween, H. Y., co-chair: Sefton-Nash, E., documentarian: Carrier, B.L., and plus 66 co-authors, .

Subjects
Strahlenbiologie, Mars sample return, iMOST
Abstract

Executive Summary: Return of samples from the surface of Mars has been a goal of the international Mars science community for many years. Affirmation by NASA and ESA of the importance of Mars exploration led the agencies to establish the international MSR Objectives and Samples Team (iMOST). The purpose of the team is to re-evaluate and update the sample-related science and engineering objectives of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign. The iMOST team has also undertaken to define the measurements and the types of samples that can best address the objectives. Seven objectives have been defined for MSR, traceable through two decades of previously published international priorities. The first two objectives are further divided into sub-objectives. Within the main part of the report, the importance to science and/or engineering of each objective is described, critical measurements that would address the objectives are specified, and the kinds of samples that would be most likely to carry key information are identified. These seven objectives provide a framework for demonstrating how the first set of returned martian samples would impact future martian science and exploration. They also have implications for how analogous investigations might be conducted for samples returned by future missions from other solar system bodies, especially those that may harbor biologically relevant or sensitive material, such as Ocean Worlds (Europa, Enceladus, Titan) and others.

Published
2018

49. No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observation

Author

Korablev, Oleg, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Montmessin, Franck, Fedorova, Anna A., Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Forget, Francois, Lefèvre, Franck, Daerden, Frank, Thomas, Ian R., Trompet, Loïc, Erwin, Justin T., Aoki, Shohei, Robert, Séverine, Neary, Lori, Viscardy, Sébastien, Grigoriev, Alexey V., Ignatiev, Nikolay I., Shakun, Alexey, Patrakeev, Andrey, Belyaev, Denis A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Olsen, Kevin S., Baggio, Lucio, Alday, Juan, Ivanov, Yuriy S., Ristic, Bojan, Mason, Jon, Willame, Yannick, Depiesse, Cédric, Hetey, Laszlo, Berkenbosch, Sophie, Clairquin, Roland, Queirolo, Claudio, Beeckman, Bram, Neefs, Eddy, Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Wilson, Colin F., Etiope, Giuseppe, Zelenyi, Lev, Svedhem, Håkan, Vago, Jorge L., Alonso-Rodrigo, G., Altieri, Francesca, Anufreychik, Konstantin, Arnold, Gabriele, Bauduin, Sophie, Bolsée, David, Carrozzo, Giacomo, Clancy, Todd, Cloutis, Edward, Crismani, Matteo, Da Pieve, Fabiana, D'Aversa, Emiliano, Duxbury, Natalia, Encrenaz, T., Fouchet, Thierry, Funke, Bernd, Fussen, Didier, Garcia-Comas, Maia, Gérard, Jean-Claude, Giuranna, Marco, Gkouvelis, Leo, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, Grassi, Davide, Guerlet, Sandrine, Hartogh, Paul, Holmes, James, Hubert, B., Kaminski, Jacek, Karatekin, Ozgur, Kasaba, Y., Kass, David, Khatuntsev, Igor, Kleinböhl, A., Kokonkov, Nikita, Krasnopolsky, Vladimir, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Lacombe, Gaétan, Lanciano, Orietta, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Lewis, Stephen S.P., Luginin, Mikhail, Liuzzi, Giuliano, López-Puertas, Manuel, López-Valverde, Miguel, Määttänen, Anni A, Mahieux, Arnaud, Marcq, E., Martin-Torres, Javier, Maslov, Igor, Medvedev, Alexander, Moshkin, Boris, Mumma, Michael J., Nakagawa, Hiromu, Novak, Robert E., Oliva, Fabrizio, Patsaev, Dmitry, Piccialli, A., Quantin-Nata, Cathy, Renotte, E., Ritter, Birgit, Rodin, AM, Schmidt, Frédéric, Schneider, N., Shematovich, Valery, Smith, Michael D., Teanby, Nicholas A., Thiemann, Ed, Thomas, Nicolas Le, Vander Auwera, Jean, Vazquez, Luis, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Vincendon, Matthieu, Whiteway, James J.A., Wilquet, Valérie, Wolff, Michael J., Wolkenberg, Paulina, Yelle, R., Zasova, Ludmila, Zorzano, M. P., Korablev, Oleg, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Montmessin, Franck, Fedorova, Anna A., Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Forget, Francois, Lefèvre, Franck, Daerden, Frank, Thomas, Ian R., Trompet, Loïc, Erwin, Justin T., Aoki, Shohei, Robert, Séverine, Neary, Lori, Viscardy, Sébastien, Grigoriev, Alexey V., Ignatiev, Nikolay I., Shakun, Alexey, Patrakeev, Andrey, Belyaev, Denis A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Olsen, Kevin S., Baggio, Lucio, Alday, Juan, Ivanov, Yuriy S., Ristic, Bojan, Mason, Jon, Willame, Yannick, Depiesse, Cédric, Hetey, Laszlo, Berkenbosch, Sophie, Clairquin, Roland, Queirolo, Claudio, Beeckman, Bram, Neefs, Eddy, Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Wilson, Colin F., Etiope, Giuseppe, Zelenyi, Lev, Svedhem, Håkan, Vago, Jorge L., Alonso-Rodrigo, G., Altieri, Francesca, Anufreychik, Konstantin, Arnold, Gabriele, Bauduin, Sophie, Bolsée, David, Carrozzo, Giacomo, Clancy, Todd, Cloutis, Edward, Crismani, Matteo, Da Pieve, Fabiana, D'Aversa, Emiliano, Duxbury, Natalia, Encrenaz, T., Fouchet, Thierry, Funke, Bernd, Fussen, Didier, Garcia-Comas, Maia, Gérard, Jean-Claude, Giuranna, Marco, Gkouvelis, Leo, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, Grassi, Davide, Guerlet, Sandrine, Hartogh, Paul, Holmes, James, Hubert, B., Kaminski, Jacek, Karatekin, Ozgur, Kasaba, Y., Kass, David, Khatuntsev, Igor, Kleinböhl, A., Kokonkov, Nikita, Krasnopolsky, Vladimir, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Lacombe, Gaétan, Lanciano, Orietta, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Lewis, Stephen S.P., Luginin, Mikhail, Liuzzi, Giuliano, López-Puertas, Manuel, López-Valverde, Miguel, Määttänen, Anni A, Mahieux, Arnaud, Marcq, E., Martin-Torres, Javier, Maslov, Igor, Medvedev, Alexander, Moshkin, Boris, Mumma, Michael J., Nakagawa, Hiromu, Novak, Robert E., Oliva, Fabrizio, Patsaev, Dmitry, Piccialli, A., Quantin-Nata, Cathy, Renotte, E., Ritter, Birgit, Rodin, AM, Schmidt, Frédéric, Schneider, N., Shematovich, Valery, Smith, Michael D., Teanby, Nicholas A., Thiemann, Ed, Thomas, Nicolas Le, Vander Auwera, Jean, Vazquez, Luis, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Vincendon, Matthieu, Whiteway, James J.A., Wilquet, Valérie, Wolff, Michael J., Wolkenberg, Paulina, Yelle, R., Zasova, Ludmila, and Zorzano, M. P.

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019

50. Subsurface robotic exploration for geomorphology, astrobiology and mining during MINAR6 campaign, Boulby Mine, UK: part I (Rover development)

Author

Martin Torres, Javier [0000-0001-6479-2236], Zorzano, M-P. [0000-0002-4492-9650], Mathanlal, Thasshwin, Bhardwaj, Anshuman, Vakkada Ramachandran, Abhilash, Zorzano, María Paz, Martín-Torres, F. J., Cockell, Charles S., Paling, Sean, Edwards, Tom, Martin Torres, Javier [0000-0001-6479-2236], Zorzano, M-P. [0000-0002-4492-9650], Mathanlal, Thasshwin, Bhardwaj, Anshuman, Vakkada Ramachandran, Abhilash, Zorzano, María Paz, Martín-Torres, F. J., Cockell, Charles S., Paling, Sean, and Edwards, Tom

Abstract

Autonomous exploration requires the use of movable platforms that carry a payload of instruments with a certain level of autonomy and communication with the operators. This is particularly challenging in subsurface environments, which may be more dangerous for human access and where communication with the surface is limited. Subsurface robotic exploration, which has been to date very limited, is interesting not only for science but also for cost-effective industrial exploitation of resources and safety assessments in mines. Furthermore, it has a direct application to exploration of extra-terrestrial subsurface environments of astrobiological and geological significance such as caves, lava tubes, impact or volcanic craters and subglacial conduits, for deriving in-situ mineralogical resources and establishing preliminary settlements. However, the technological solutions are generally tailor-made and are therefore considered as costly, fragile and environment-specific, further hindering their extensive and effective applications. To demonstrate the advantages of rover exploration for a broad-community, we have developed KORE (KOmpact Rover for Exploration); a low-cost, re-usable, rover multi-purpose platform. The rover platform has been developed as a technological demonstration for extra-terrestrial subsurface exploration and terrestrial mining operations pertaining to geomorphological mapping, environmental monitoring, gas leak detections and search and rescue operations in case of an accident. The present paper, the first part of a series of two, focuses on describing the development of a robust rover platform to perform dedicated geomorphological, astrobiological and mining tasks. KORE was further tested in the Mine Analogue Research 6 (MINAR6) campaign during September 2018 in the Boulby mine (UK), the second deepest potash mine in Europe at a subsurface depth of 1.1 km, the results of which will be presented in the second paper of this series. KORE is a large, se

Published
2019

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