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Dogs belong to the group of animals that were the first to be domesticated. They live in cohabitation with humans and share their environment much more intimately than any other animal specie. The close contact between strays and pets, on the one side, and the pollution of urban areas with the feces of these animals, on the other, close the chain of infection with parasites, which jeopardizes also human health in the final link of that chain. Dogs are carriers and the true hosts to large numbers of species of zoonotic parasites - Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Echinoccocus granulosus, Dipyllidium caninum, Toxocara canis, Ancylostomidae spp. and others, whose eggs or other developmental forms they eliminate into the environment through feces. The increase in the number of cases of toxocarosis in humans (syndrome of visceral larvae migrans), ancylostomosis (cutanea larvae migrans), hydatidosis, toxoplasmosis, or cryptosporidiosis are the best indicators of these relations. In order to resolve this problem, it is necessary to conduct systematic investigations of their parasitic fauna with the maximum cooperation of the animal owners, compulsory health education of the population in the area of the diseases that are transferred from animals to humans, and, certainly, carrying out the dehelminthization of dogs. Psi pripadaju grupi najranije pripitomljenih životinja. Oni sa čovekom žive u kohabitaciji i dele životnu okolinu mnogo intimnije od ma koje druge životinjske vrste. Blizak kontakt lutalica i ljubimaca, s jedne i polucija gradskih površina zagađenih fecesom ovih životinja, s druge strane, zatvaraju lanac infekcije parazitima, kojima je u konačnom nizu ugroženo i ljudsko zdravlje. Psi su nosioci i pravi domaćini velikog broja zoonoznih vrsta parazita - Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Echinoccocus granulosus, Dipyllidium caninum, Toxocara canis, Ancylostomitidae spp. i drugih, čija jaja ili druge razvojne oblike eliminištu fecesom u spoljašnju sredinu. Porast slučajeva toksokaroze ljudi (sindrom visceralne larve migrans), ankilostomoze (kutana larva migrans), hidatidoze, toksoplazmoze ili kriptosporidioze su najbolji pokazatelj ovih relacija. Radi rešenja ovog problema neophodno je sistematsko istraživanje njihove parazitofaune uz najveću moguću saradnju vlasnika životinja, obavezno zdravstveno prosvećivanje stanovništva na polju oboljenja koja se prenose sa životinja na ljude i svakako sprovođenje dehelmintizacije pasa.

Metastrongylidosis or lungworm disease in swine is a disease caused by several types of nematodes of the genus Metastrongylus. Metastrongylidae are biohelminths whose causes use transitory hosts for their development and maintaining their biological cycle, and in this case they are numerous species of Lumbricidae (earthworms). Depending on the geographic environment, numerous representatives of Lumbricidae persist as transitory hosts. In our environment, these are dominant earthworm species of the genus Eisenia spp, Dandreobena spp, Allopbophora spp, Lubricus spp, Octoiasium spp, Bimastus spp, and rarely those from the genus Heledrillus spp. Swine are infected perorally with Metastrongylidae when they ingest infected earthworms. Metastrongilidoza ili plućna strongilidoza svinja je oboljenje uzrokovano sa više vrsta nematoda iz roda Metastrongylus. Metastrongilidae pripadaju bioheimintima čiji uzročnici za svoj razvoj i održavanje biološkog ciklusa koriste prelazne domaćine, u ovom slučaju mnogobrojne vrste lumbricida (kišnih glista). Zavisno od geografske sredine kao prelazni domaćini perzistira veliki broj predstavnika lumbricida. U našoj sredini to su dominantne vrste glista iz rodova Eisenia spp, Dandreobena spp, Allopbophora spp, Lubncus spp, Octolasium spp, B-mastus spp. a rede i vrste iz roda Heiedrillus spp. Infekcija svinja izazvana metastrongilidama nastaje peroralnim putem kada pojedu inficirane kišne gliste.

The study of the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in pigs was carried out in a rural area in the Belgrade district. Nursing, weaning and post-weaned piglets and sows kept in intensive breeding conditions were examined using two coprological procedures. Sheather’s sugar flotation was employed for concentration of oocysts. A modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique was used as the staining procedure. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 45.5% nursing, weaning and post-weaned piglets aged up to 3 months, in 32.8% post-weaned piglets aged 3 to 12 months and 15.5% sows older than 12 months. The highest prevalence of positive animals was detected among the weaning and post-weaned piglets aged 30 to 90 days (62.5%). All of the nursing piglets, positive for Cryptosporidium infection, had diarrhea. In post-weaned piglets (aged 3 to 12 months) and adult pigs Cryptosporidium infection was asymptomatic. Adult asymptomatic carriers may play an important role as a source of infection. These findings indicate the potential role of such pigs as reservoirs of cryptosporidia for young piglets, other livestock and humans. Istraživanje raširenosti Cryptosporidium infekcije kod svinja sprovedeno je u ruralnom području Beograda. Ispitivanje je obavljeno kod sisančadi zalučene prasadi, prasadi posle zalučenja i krmača u intenzivnom uzgoju. Korišćene su dve koprološke metode. Flotacija po Sheatheru korišćena je za koncentraciju oocista a modifikovana Ziehl-Neelsen tehnika kao metoda bojenja. Cryptosporidium oociste ustanovljene su kod 45,5% sisančadi zalučene i prasadi posle zalučenja stare do 3 meseca, 32,8% prasadi posle zalučenja stare 3 do 12 meseci i 15,5% krmača starijih od 12 meseci. Najviše pozitivnih jedinki ustanovljeno je kod zalučene i prasadi posle zalučenja stare 30 do 90 dana (62,5%). Sva sisančad, pozitivna na kriptosporidije imala su dijareju. Kod prasadi posle zalučenja (stare 3 do 12 meseci) i odraslih svinja Cryptosporidium infekcija bila je asimptomatska. Odrasli asimptomatski nosioci mogu da imaju značajnu ulogu kao izvori infekcije. Ovi nalazi ukazuju na potencijalnu ulogu ovih svinja kao rezervoara kriptosporidija za mladu prasad, druge životinje i ljude.

This paper describes cases of demodicosis in dogs from the territory of the city of Niš. The objective of the investigations was to learn more about the parameters that can influence the susceptibility of certain dogs to the cause of demodicosis, such as: age, hair length, sex, and seasonal dynamics of the incidence of the disease. It was established following examinations of 76 dogs suspected of demodicosis that they were all infected with the specie Demodex canis. The changes were localized or generalized. In the total number of infected dogs, there was a larger share of males (61.84%) than females (38.16%). The number of dogs diseased with demodicosis was twice higher in shorthaired than in long-haired animals. The most frequently infected were dogs of the Doberman and German Shepherd breeds. The number of male and female animals among short-haired dogs diseased with demodicosis was equal, while there were more males among the long-haired animals. The biggest number of infected animals was in the category of young dogs, up to one year of age, and they accounted for 65.79% of the total number of diseased animals, which shows without any doubt that younger dogs are more susceptible to demodicosis. There were more infected dogs in the period autumn-winter than in the period spring-summer. U ovom radu opisani su slučajevi demodikoze kod pasa sa teritorije grada Niša. Cilj ispitivanja je bio da se nešto više sazna o parametrima koji mogu da utiču na prijemčivost određenih pasa prema uzročniku demodikoze kao što su: životno doba, dužina dlake, pol i sezonska dinamika pojavljivanja bolesti. Pregledom 76 pasa suspektnih na demodikozu, ustanovljeno je da su svi bili infestirani vrstom Demodex canis. Promene su bile lokalizovane ili generalizovane. U ukupnom broju infestiranih pasa veći je bio udeo mužjaka (61,84%) nego ženki (38,16%). Broj pasa obolelih od demodikoze bio je dva puta veći kod kratkodlakih u odnosu na dugodlake pse. Najčešće infestirani su bili psi rase doberman i nemački ovčar. Broj muških i ženskih jedinki kod kratkodlakih pasa obolelih od demodikoze bio je ujednačen, dok je kod dugodlakih bio veći broj mužjaka. Najveći broj infestiranih je bio iz kategorije mladih pasa, uzrasta od godinu dana i njihov udeo u ukupnom broju obolelih bio je 65,79 posto, što nesumnjivo ukazuje da su demodikozi podložniji mlađi psi. U periodu jesen-zima bio je veći broj infestiranih pasa nego u periodu proleće-leto.

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among lambs and goat kids in Serbia was examined. The animals were grouped according to age, i.e., up to 30 days and from 31 to 90 days. The infection was diagnosed using three coprological procedures. Sheather’s sugar flotation was employed to determine the concentration of oocysts. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique and modified Kinyoun technique were used as staining procedures. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 42.1% examined lambs and 31.8% goat kids. These findings clearly demonstrate the presence of Cryptospodium infection in lambs and goat kids in Serbia and indicate the potential role of these animals as reservoirs of cryptosporidia. U ovom radu su izneti rezultati Ispitivanja raširenosti Cryptosporidium infekcije kod jagnjadi i jaradi na teritoriji Srbije. Ispitivane životinje su podeljene u dve starosne grupe: do 30 dana i od 31-90 dana. Za dijagnostiku kriptosporodijalnih infekcija korišćene su tri koprološke metode: flotacija po Sheatheru za koncentraciju oocista i modifikovane Ziehl-Neelsen i Kinyoun tehnike kao metode bojenja. Oociste kriptosporidija su ustanovljene kod 42,1% pregledane jagnjadi i 31,8% jaradi. Ovi nalazi ukazuju na potencijalnu ulogu jagnjadi i jaradi kao rezervoara infekcije za kriptosporidije drugih vrsta životinja i ljudi u Srbiji.