Author: "Zoran V. Popovic" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Zoran V. Popovic"' showing total 322 results

Start Over Author "Zoran V. Popovic"

322 results on '"Zoran V. Popovic"'

1. Prognostic significance of EGFR, AREG and EREG amplification and gene expression in muscle invasive bladder cancer

Author: Daniel Uysal, Blerta Thaqi, Alexander Fierek, David Jurgowski, Zoran V. Popovic, Fabian Siegel, Maurice Stephan Michel, Philipp Nuhn, Thomas Stefan Worst, Philipp Erben, and Katja Nitschke
Subjects: EGFR, AREG, EREG, bladder cancer, gene expression, survival, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: IntroductionMuscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains a prevalent cancer with limited therapeutic options, obviating the need for innovative therapies. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a linchpin in tumor progression and presents a potential therapeutic target in MIBC. Additionally, the EGFR ligands AREG and EREG have shown associations with response to anti-EGFR therapy and improved progression-free survival in colorectal carcinoma.Materials and methodsWe investigated the prognostic significance of EGFR, AREG, and EREG in MIBC. Gene expression and copy number analyses were performed via qRT-PCR on tissue samples from 100 patients with MIBC who underwent radical cystectomy at the University Hospital Mannheim (MA; median age 72, interquartile range [IQR] 64–78 years, 25% female). Results were validated in 361 patients from the 2017 TCGA MIBC cohort (median age 69, IQR 60–77 years, 27% female), in the Chungbuk and MDACC cohort. Gene expressions were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters using the Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis- test and Spearman correlation. For overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) gene expression was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox-proportional hazard models.ResultsSignificant gene expression differences in EGFR, AREG, and EREG could be detected in all cohorts. In the TCGA cohort, EGFR expression was significantly elevated in patients with EGFR amplification and KRAS wildtype. High AREG expression independently predicted longer OS (HR = 0.35, CI 0.19 - 0.63, p = 0.0004) and CSS (HR = 0.42, CI 0.18 – 0.95, p = 0.0378) in the MA cohort. In the TCGA cohort, high EGFR, AREG, and EREG expression correlated with shorter OS (AREG: HR = 1.57, CI 1.12 – 2.20, p = 0.0090) and DFS (EGFR: HR = 1.91, CI 1.31 – 2.8, p = 0.0008). EGFR amplification was also associated with reduced DFS.DiscussionHigh EGFR and EREG indicate worse survival in patients with MIBC. The prognostic role of AREG should further be investigated in large, prospective series. Divergent survival outcomes between the four cohorts should be interpreted cautiously, considering differences in analysis methods and demographics. Further in vitro investigations are necessary to elucidate the functional mechanisms underlying the associations observed in this study.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. The prognostic value of galactosylceramide-sulfotransferase (Gal3ST1) in human renal cell carcinoma

Author: Stefan Porubsky, Malin Nientiedt, Maximilian C. Kriegmair, Jörn-Helge Heinrich Siemoneit, Roger Sandhoff, Richard Jennemann, Hendrik Borgmann, Timo Gaiser, Cleo-Aron Weis, Philipp Erben, Thomas Hielscher, and Zoran V. Popovic
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the deadliest primary genitourinary malignancy typically associated with asymptomatic initial presentation and poorly predictable survival. Next to established risk factors, tumor microenvironment may alter metastatic capacity and immune landscape. Due to their high concentrations, sulfoglycolipids (sulfatides) were among the first well-described antigens in RCC that are associated with worse prognosis. As sulfatide detection in routine diagnostics is not possible, we aimed to test the prognostic value of its protein counterpart, sulfatide-producing enzyme Gal3ST1. We performed retrospective long-term follow up analysis of Gal3ST1 expression as prognostic risk factor in a representative RCC patient cohort. We observed differentially regulated Gal3ST1 expression in all RCC types, being significantly more associated with clear cell RCC than to chromophobe RCC (p = 0.001). Surprisingly, in contrast to published observations from in vitro models, we could not confirm an association between Gal3ST1 expression and a malignant clinical behaviour of the RCC. In our cohort, Gal3ST1 did not significantly influence progression-free survival (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.7 95% CI (0.6–4.9), p = 0.327). Particularly after adjusting for histology, T-stage, N-status and M-status at baseline, we observed no independent prognostic effect (HR = 1.0 95% CI (0.3–3.3), p = 0.96). The analysis of Gal3ST1 mRNA expression in a TCGA dataset supported the results of our cohort. Thus, Gal3ST1 might help to differentiate between chromophobe RCC and other frequent RCC entities but—despite previously published data from cell culture models—does not qualify as a prognostic marker for RCC. Further investigation of regulatory mechanisms of sulfatide metabolism in human RCC microenvironment is necessary to understand the role of this quantitatively prominent glycosphingolipid in RCC progression.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. CD73 Overexpression in Podocytes: A Novel Marker of Podocyte Injury in Human Kidney Disease

Author: Zoran V. Popovic, Felix Bestvater, Damir Krunic, Bernhard K. Krämer, Raoul Bergner, Christian Löffler, Berthold Hocher, Alexander Marx, and Stefan Porubsky
Subjects: podocyte, minimal change disease, CD73, CCR2, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: The CD73 pathway is an important anti-inflammatory mechanism in various disease settings. Observations in mouse models suggested that CD73 might have a protective role in kidney damage; however, no direct evidence of its role in human kidney disease has been described to date. Here, we hypothesized that podocyte injury in human kidney diseases alters CD73 expression that may facilitate the diagnosis of podocytopathies. We assessed the expression of CD73 and one of its functionally important targets, the C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), in podocytes from kidney biopsies of 39 patients with podocytopathy (including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease (MCD), membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) and amyloidosis) and a control group. Podocyte CD73 expression in each of the disease groups was significantly increased in comparison to controls (p < 0.001–p < 0.0001). Moreover, there was a marked negative correlation between CD73 and CCR2 expression, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (Pearson r = −0.5068, p = 0.0031; Pearson r = −0.4705, p = 0.0313, respectively), thus suggesting a protective role of CD73 in kidney injury. Finally, we identify CD73 as a novel potential diagnostic marker of human podocytopathies, particularly of MCD that has been notorious for the lack of pathological features recognizable by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Hyperosmolarity impedes the cross-priming competence of dendritic cells in a TRIF-dependent manner

Author: Zoran V. Popovic, Maria Embgenbroich, Federica Chessa, Viola Nordström, Mahnaz Bonrouhi, Thomas Hielscher, Norbert Gretz, Shijun Wang, Daniel Mathow, Thomas Quast, Jan-Gero Schloetel, Waldemar Kolanus, Sven Burgdorf, and Hermann-Josef Gröne
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Tissue osmolarity varies among different organs and can be considerably increased under pathologic conditions. Hyperosmolarity has been associated with altered stimulatory properties of immune cells, especially macrophages and dendritic cells. We have recently reported that dendritic cells upon exposure to hypertonic stimuli shift their profile towards a macrophage-M2-like phenotype, resulting in attenuated local alloreactivity during acute kidney graft rejection. Here, we examined how hyperosmotic microenvironment affects the cross-priming capacity of dendritic cells. Using ovalbumin as model antigen, we showed that exposure of dendritic cells to hyperosmolarity strongly inhibits activation of antigen-specific T cells despite enhancement of antigen uptake, processing and presentation. We identified TRIF as key mediator of this phenomenon. Moreover, we detected a hyperosmolarity-triggered, TRIF-dependent clustering of MHCI loaded with the ovalbumin-derived epitope, but not of overall MHCI molecules, providing a possible explanation for a reduced T cell activation. Our findings identify dendritic cells as important players in hyperosmolarity-mediated immune imbalance and provide evidence for a novel pathway of inhibition of antigen specific CD8+ T cell response in a hypertonic micromilieu.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Transcriptional profiling of dendritic cells matured in different osmolarities

Author: Federica Chessa, Thomas Hielscher, Daniel Mathow, Hermann-Josef Gröne, and Zoran V. Popovic
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Tissue-specific microenvironments shape the fate of mononuclear phagocytes [1–3]. Interstitial osmolarity is a tissue biophysical parameter which considerably modulates the phenotype and function of dendritic cells [4]. In the present report we provide a detailed description of our experimental workflow and bioinformatic analysis applied to our gene expression dataset (GSE72174), aiming to investigate the influence of different osmolarity conditions on the gene expression signature of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. We established a cell culture system involving murine bone marrow cells, cultured under different NaCl-induced osmolarity conditions in the presence of the dendritic cell growth factor GM-CSF. Gene expression analysis was applied to mature dendritic cells (day 7) developed in different osmolarities, with and without prior stimulation with the TLR2/4 ligand LPS. Keywords: Dendritic cells, Salt hyperosmolarity, Gene expression analysis
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Glucosylceramide Synthase Is Involved in Development of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells

Author: Zoran V. Popovic, Mariona Rabionet, Richard Jennemann, Damir Krunic, Roger Sandhoff, Hermann-Josef Gröne, and Stefan Porubsky
Subjects: CD1, glycosphingolipid, glucosylceramide, glucosylceramide synthase, natural killer T cell, thymus, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells represent a unique population of CD1d-restricted T lymphocytes expressing an invariant T cell receptor encoded by Vα14-Jα18 and Vα24-Jα18 gene segments in mice and humans, respectively. Recognition of CD1d-loaded endogenous lipid antigen(s) on CD4/CD8-double positive (DP) thymocytes is essential for the development of iNKT cells. The lipid repertoire of DP thymocytes and the identity of the decisive endogenous lipid ligands have not yet been fully elucidated. Glycosphingolipids (GSL) were implicated to serve as endogenous ligands. However, further in vivo investigations were hampered by early embryonal lethality of mice deficient for the key GSL-synthesizing enzyme glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase [GlcCer synthase (GCS), EC 2.4.1.80]. We have now analyzed the GSL composition of DP thymocytes and shown that GlcCer represented the sole neutral GSL and the acidic fraction was composed of gangliosides. Furthermore, we report on a mouse model that by combination of Vav-promoter-driven iCre and floxed GCS alleles (VavCreGCSf/f) enabled an efficient depletion of GCS-derived GSL very early in the T cell development, reaching a reduction by 99.6% in DP thymocytes. Although the general T cell population remained unaffected by this depletion, iNKT cells were reduced by approximately 50% in thymus, spleen, and liver and showed a reduced proliferation and an increased apoptosis rate. The Vβ-chains repertoire and development of iNKT cells remained unaltered. The GSL-depletion neither interfered with expression of CD1d, SLAM, and Ly108 molecules nor impeded the antigen presentation on DP thymocytes. These results indicate that GlcCer-derived GSL, in particular GlcCer, contribute to the homeostatic development of iNKT cells.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Dickkopf-3, a tissue-derived modulator of local T cell responses

Author: Michael eMeister, Maria ePapatriantafyllou, Viola eNordström, Varun eKumar, Julia eLudwig, Kathy O. Lui, Ashleigh S. Boyd, Zoran V. Popovic, Thomas Henry Fleming, Gerhard eMoldenhauer, Peter P. Nawroth, Hermann-Josef eGröne, Herman eWaldmann, Thilo eOelert, and Bernd eArnold
Subjects: Autoimmunity, Transplantation Immunology, T cells, Immune Privilege, Dickkopf-3, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: The adaptive immune system protects organisms from harmful environmental insults. In parallel, regulatory mechanisms control immune responses in order to assure preservation of organ integrity. Yet, molecules involved in the control of T cell responses in peripheral tissues are poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the function of Dickkopf-3 in the modulation of local T cell reactivity. Dkk3 is a secreted, mainly tissue derived protein with highest expression in organs considered as immune privileged such as the eye, embryo, placenta and brain. While T cell development and activation status in naïve Dkk3 deficient mice was comparable to littermate controls, we found that Dkk3 contributes to the immunosuppressive microenvironment that protects transplanted, class-I mismatched embryoid bodies from T cell mediated rejection. Moreover, genetic deletion or antibody mediated neutralization of Dkk3 led to an exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This phenotype was accompanied by a change of T cell polarization displayed by an increase of IFNγ producing T cells within in the CNS. In the wild type situation, Dkk3 expression in the brain was up-regulated during the course of EAE in an IFNγ dependent manner. In turn, Dkk3 decreased IFNγ activity and served as part of a negative feedback mechanism. Thus, our findings suggest that Dkk3 functions as a tissue-derived modulator of local CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Assessment of glomerular morphological patterns by deep learning algorithms

Author: Cleo-Aron Weis, Jan Niklas Bindzus, Jonas Voigt, Marlen Runz, Svetlana Hertjens, Matthias M. Gaida, Zoran V. Popovic, and Stefan Porubsky
Subjects: Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Nephrology, Kidney Glomerulus, Humans, Neural Networks, Computer, Algorithms
Abstract: Background Compilation of different morphological lesion signatures is characteristic of renal pathology. Previous studies have documented the potential value of artificial intelligence (AI) in recognizing relatively clear-cut glomerular structures and patterns, such as segmental or global sclerosis or mesangial hypercellularity. This study aimed to test the capacity of deep learning algorithms to recognize complex glomerular structural changes that reflect common diagnostic dilemmas in nephropathology. Methods For this purpose, we defined nine classes of glomerular morphological patterns and trained twelve convolutional neuronal network (CNN) models on these. The two-step training process was done on a first dataset defined by an expert nephropathologist (12,253 images) and a second consensus dataset (11,142 images) defined by three experts in the field. Results The efficacy of CNN training was evaluated using another set with 180 consensus images, showing convincingly good classification results (kappa-values 0.838–0.938). Furthermore, we elucidated the image areas decisive for CNN-based decision making by class activation maps. Finally, we demonstrated that the algorithm could decipher glomerular disease patterns coinciding in a single glomerulus (e.g. necrosis along with mesangial and endocapillary hypercellularity). Conclusions In summary, our model, focusing on glomerular lesions detectable by conventional microscopy, is the first sui generis to deploy deep learning as a reliable and promising tool in recognition of even discrete and/or overlapping morphological changes. Our results provide a stimulus for ongoing projects that integrate further input levels next to morphology (such as immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and clinical information) to develop a novel tool applicable for routine diagnostic nephropathology.
Published: 2022

9. Upper Tract Urinary Cancer Recurrence after Radical Cystectomy: Risk Assessment of Intraoperative Frozen Section

Author: Malin Nientiedt, Frank Waldbillig, Felix Stroop, Philipp Nuhn, Philipp Erben, Zoran V. Popovic, Cleo-Aron Weis, Maurice Stephan Michel, and Maximilian C. Kriegmair
Subjects: Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Urology, Urinary Bladder, Frozen Sections, Humans, Margins of Excision, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Cystectomy, Risk Assessment, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Introduction: Upper tract urinary cancer recurrence (UTUCR) after radical cystectomy (RC) is outcome-limiting. Surgical recommendations on intraoperative performance of frozen section analysis (FSA) and management of positive ureteral margin (PUM) are lacking. Methods: 634 RC cases were identified (2010–2018). In patients with PUM, sequential ureteral resections up to a negative margin were performed. We investigated the accuracy of FSA, significance of PUM, and identified risk factors (RFs) to stratify patients for UTUCR. Results: FSA was performed in 355 patients, including a total of 693 ureters. FSA sensitivity was 0.93 and specificity 0.99. PUM conversion was possible in 52 (91.2%) cases. UTUCR occurred in 17 (4.8%) patients. Identified UTUCR RFs are non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) (OR 3.8, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.4–10.2, p = 0.008), multifocal bladder cancer in cystectomy specimen (OR 4.7, CI 1.1–20.8, p = 0.042), and recurrent NMIBC (OR 4.1, CI 1.5–10.9, p = 0.006). Risk-group stratification showed a six-fold increase in UTUCR risk (low-to high-risk). Conclusion: FSA is a sensitive and specific method to identify PUM. UTUCR occurs significantly more often in patients with recurrent, multifocal NMIBC at the time of RC. Patients can be risk stratified for UTUCR. In case of NMIBC-PUM, surgeons can safely opt for a kidney preserving strategy.
Published: 2022

10. The prognostic value of galactosylceramide-sulfotransferase (Gal3ST1) in human renal cell carcinoma

Author: Malin Nientiedt, Zoran V. Popovic, Stefan Porubsky, Timo Gaiser, Thomas Hielscher, Jörn-Helge Heinrich Siemoneit, Richard Jennemann, Cleo-Aron Weis, Hendrik Borgmann, Philipp Erben, Maximilian C. Kriegmair, and Roger Sandhoff
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Male, Chromophobe cell, Pathogenesis, urologic and male genital diseases, Tumour biomarkers, 0302 clinical medicine, Renal cell carcinoma, Galactosylceramide sulfotransferase, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Kidney Neoplasms, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Renal cancer, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, Female, Sulfotransferases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Urology, Science, Urological cancer, Malignancy, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Risk factor, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Tumor microenvironment, business.industry, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, 030104 developmental biology, Risk factors, business, Clear cell
Abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the deadliest primary genitourinary malignancy typically associated with asymptomatic initial presentation and poorly predictable survival. Next to established risk factors, tumor microenvironment may alter metastatic capacity and immune landscape. Due to their high concentrations, sulfoglycolipids (sulfatides) were among the first well-described antigens in RCC that are associated with worse prognosis. As sulfatide detection in routine diagnostics is not possible, we aimed to test the prognostic value of its protein counterpart, sulfatide-producing enzyme Gal3ST1. We performed retrospective long-term follow up analysis of Gal3ST1 expression as prognostic risk factor in a representative RCC patient cohort. We observed differentially regulated Gal3ST1 expression in all RCC types, being significantly more associated with clear cell RCC than to chromophobe RCC (p = 0.001). Surprisingly, in contrast to published observations from in vitro models, we could not confirm an association between Gal3ST1 expression and a malignant clinical behaviour of the RCC. In our cohort, Gal3ST1 did not significantly influence progression-free survival (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.7 95% CI (0.6–4.9), p = 0.327). Particularly after adjusting for histology, T-stage, N-status and M-status at baseline, we observed no independent prognostic effect (HR = 1.0 95% CI (0.3–3.3), p = 0.96). The analysis of Gal3ST1 mRNA expression in a TCGA dataset supported the results of our cohort. Thus, Gal3ST1 might help to differentiate between chromophobe RCC and other frequent RCC entities but—despite previously published data from cell culture models—does not qualify as a prognostic marker for RCC. Further investigation of regulatory mechanisms of sulfatide metabolism in human RCC microenvironment is necessary to understand the role of this quantitatively prominent glycosphingolipid in RCC progression.
Published: 2021

11. Medium-term Oncological Efficacy and Patient-reported Outcomes After Focal High-intensity Focused Ultrasound: The FOXPRO Trial

Author: Niklas Westhoff, Ramona Ernst, Karl-Friedrich Kowalewski, Fabian Derigs, Manuel Neuberger, Dominik Nörenberg, Zoran V. Popovic, Manuel Ritter, Maurice Stephan Michel, and Jost von Hardenberg
Subjects: Urology
Abstract: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a focal treatment option for MRI-visible localized prostate cancer (PCa). High-quality evidence regarding the clinical efficacy remains limited.To assess medium-term oncological efficacy along with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).This prospective single-center cohort study was performed from 2014 to 2020. Patients with primary International Society of Urological Pathologists (ISUP) grade group (GG) ≤2 by combined MRI/TRUS fusion and systematic prostate biopsy and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)10 ng/ml were included.MRI/TRUS fusion-guided focal HIFU therapy.The primary outcome was the cancer-free rate of the HIFU-treated lesion by biopsy after 1 yr. Secondary endpoints included salvage treatment-free survival (STFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), overall survival (OS), and PROMs according to International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement recommendations.Fifty patients were included (median [range] age 68 [48-80] yr; median PSA 6.5 [1.2-9.9] ng/ml; GG 1 54% [n = 27], and GG 2 46% [n = 23]). The median (range) PSA decrease from baseline to 12 mo was 51% (35.9-72.7%). In total, 37/50 patients (74%) underwent a 1-yr biopsy. PCa was detected in 23 patients (46%; GG 1 20% [n = 10]; GG1 26% [n = 13]; infield 40% [n = 20]). At a median follow-up of 42 (13-73) mo, PCa was detected in 30 men (60%). Among all patients, 19 (38%) underwent salvage treatments (median [95% confidence interval] STFS 53 [44.3-61.7] mo). MFS and OS were 100% and 98%, respectively. The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 sexual domain decreased by 20.8 points (p = 0.372).MRI/TRUS-guided focal HIFU therapy results in complete cancer ablation in only half of the treated patients after 1 yr, with further recurrences at medium-term follow-up. A decline of potency occurs in a subset of patients.Focal image-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy controls cancer in one of two patients. Its impact on urinary continence and erectile function is low.
Published: 2022

12. Molecular pathology of thymomas: implications for diagnosis and therapy

Author: Philipp Ströbel, Cleo-Aron Weis, Berthold Schalke, Djeda Belharazem, Zoran V. Popovic, Sebastian Schölch, Christoph Reißfelder, De-Hyung Lee, Alexander Marx, and Yosuke Yamada
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Thymoma, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, DNA Mutational Analysis, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Autoimmunity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, AIRE, SMARCA4, hemic and lymphatic diseases, microRNA, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Pathology, Molecular, neoplasms, Myasthenia gravis, Molecular Biology, Molecular pathology, Point mutation, Microsatellite instability, MicroRNA, Thymus Neoplasms, Cell Biology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Review and Perspectives, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutation, Cancer research
Abstract: Thymomas exhibit a unique genomic landscape, comprising the lowest on average total mutational burden among adult human cancers; a unique point mutation in the GTF2I gene in WHO type A and AB thymomas (and rarely others); almost unique KMT2A-MAML2 translocations in rare WHO type B2 and B3 thymomas; a unique YAP1-MAML2 translocation in almost all metaplastic thymomas; and unique miRNA profiles in relation to GTF2I mutational status and WHO histotypes. While most thymomas can be diagnosed solely on the basis of morphological features, mutational analyses can solve challenging differential diagnostic problems. No molecular biomarkers have been identified that predict the response of unresectable thymomas to chemotherapy or agents with known molecular targets. Despite the common and strong expression of PDL1 in thymomas, immune checkpoint inhibitors are rarely applicable due to the poor predictability of common, life-threatening autoimmune side effects that are related to the unrivaled propensity of thymomas towards autoimmunity.
Published: 2021

13. B-MYB—p53-related relevant regulator for the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Author: Stefan Porubsky, Maximilian C. Kriegmair, Frank Waldbillig, Katja Nitschke, Julia Mühlbauer, Klaus Müller, Philipp Erben, Malin Nientiedt, Zoran V. Popovic, and Annette Steidler
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Hematology, biology, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Downregulation and upregulation, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Internal medicine, Cohort, medicine, biology.protein, Mdm2, business, Kidney cancer, Gene
Abstract: To investigate the mRNA expression of B-MYB and MDM2 together with their p53 relatedness in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Genes were screened for their mRNA expression from 529 patients in a publicly available ccRCC cohort (TCGA). A cohort of 101 patients with ccRCC served as validation by qRT-PCR mRNA tissue expression analysis. Expression: B-MYB expression was significantly higher in high-grade tumours (p 0.05). Survival: Multivariable Cox regression of the TCGA cohort revealed B-MYB upregulation and low MDM2 expression as predictors for an impaired overall survival (OS) (HR 1.97; p = 0.0003; HR 2.94, p < 0.0001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 2.86; p = 0.0005; HR 1.58, p = 0.046). In the validation cohort, the results were confirmed for OS by univariable, but not multivariable regression: high B-MYB expression (HR = 3.05, p = 0.035) and low MDM2 expression (HR 3.81, p value 0.036). In ccRCC patients with high-grade tumours and advanced stages, high B-MYB expression is common and is associated with poorer OS and PFS. These patients show a loss of their physiological B-MYB–p53 network correlation, suggesting an additional, alternative regulatory, oncogenic mechanism. Assuming further characterization of its signalling pathways, B-MYB could be a potential therapy target for ccRCC.
Published: 2020

14. Deep learning can predict survival directly from histology in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Author: Frederik Wessels, Max Schmitt, Eva Krieghoff-Henning, Jakob N. Kather, Malin Nientiedt, Maximilian C. Kriegmair, Thomas S. Worst, Manuel Neuberger, Matthias Steeg, Zoran V. Popovic, Timo Gaiser, Christof von Kalle, Jochen S. Utikal, Stefan Fröhling, Maurice S. Michel, Philipp Nuhn, and Titus J. Brinker
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Neural Networks, Computer, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Kidney Neoplasms, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: PLOS ONE 17(8), 1-14 (2022). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272656, Published by PLOS, San Francisco, California, US
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. GTF2I Mutation in Thymomas: Independence From Racial-Ethnic Backgrounds. An Indian/German Comparative Study

Author: Katrin S. Kurz, Gerhard Preissler, Thomas Hielscher, Prerna Guleria, Sebastian Schölch, German Ott, Christian Sauer, Rajinder Parshad, Alexander Marx, Varsha Singh, Stefan Porubsky, Timo Gaiser, Philipp Ströbel, Sunil Kumar, Deepali Jain, and Zoran V. Popovic
Subjects: Adult, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cancer Research, Thymoma, Ethnic group, India, racial-ethnic factors, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Pathogenesis, Transcription Factors, TFII, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Germany, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Original Research, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, Chromosome 7 (human), myasthenia gravis, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Pathology and Oncology Archive, GTF2I mutation, Thymus Neoplasms, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Myasthenia gravis, Race Factors, 3. Good health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutation, Cohort, Etiology, epidemiology, Female, business
Abstract: Thymomas are the most frequent adult mediastinal cancers. Their etiology is unknown and their pathogenesis poorly understood. Racial, ethnic and environmental factors influence tumorigenesis in many cancers, but their role in thymomas remains unclear to date. In this study that included pretreatment thymoma cases from India and Germany (n = 37 and n = 77, respectively) we compared i) the prevalence of the thymoma-specific chromosome 7 c.74146970T > A mutation of the GTF2I gene in type A and AB thymomas; ii) epidemiological features; and iii) the frequency of myasthenia gravis (MG). Due to a known predominance of GTF2I mutation in A and AB histotypes, we included only a marginal number of type B thymomas as a control group in both cohorts. While the distribution of histological types between the cohorts was similar (p = 0.1622), Indian patients were strikingly younger (p < 0.0001; median age 50 vs. 65 years) and showed significantly lower tumour stage (Masaoka-Koga stage I) at primary diagnosis (p = 0.0005) than the German patients. In patients with known MG status (n = 17 in Indian and n = 25 in German cohort), a clear trend towards more frequent MG was observed in the Indian group (p = 0.0504; 48 vs. 82%). The prevalence of the GTF2I mutation (analysed in n = 34 Indian and n = 77 German patients) was identical in the two cohorts. We conclude that racial-ethnic and environmental factors do not significantly influence the most common molecular feature of thymomas but may have an impact on the timing of clinical presentation.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Endostatin in Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases

Author: Chang Chu, Zoran V. Popovic, Mei Li, Berthold Hocher, and Bernhard K. Krämer
Subjects: business.industry, endostatin, Review Article, Cardiovascular diseases, Renal diseases, Collagen XVIII, Endostatin, Angiogenesis, collagen xviii, RC31-1245, cardiovascular diseases, angiogenesis, renal diseases, Cancer research, cardiovascular system, Medicine, business, Internal medicine
Abstract: Endostatin, a protein derived from the cleavage of collagen XVIII by the action of proteases, is an endogenous inhibitor known for its ability to inhibit proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, which is crucial in many physiological processes, such as embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and neoplasia. Summary: Increasing evidence shows that dysregulation of angiogenesis is crucial for the pathogenesis of renal and cardiovascular diseases. Endostatin plays a pivotal role in the regulation of angiogenesis. Recent studies have provided evidence that circulating endostatin increases significantly in patients with kidney and heart failure and may also contribute to disease progression. Key Message: In the current review, we summarize the latest findings on preclinical and clinical studies analyzing the impact of endostatin on renal and cardiovascular diseases.
Published: 2021

17. Thymic Hyperplasia with Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis (LESA)-Like Features: Strong Association with Lymphomas and Non-Myasthenic Autoimmune Diseases

Author: Fabian Lötscher, German Ott, Timo Gaiser, Peter Hollaus, Philipp Ströbel, Stefan Porubsky, Burkhard Möller, Zoran V. Popovic, Michaela Kotrova, Monika Brüggemann, Christian Kugler, Andreas Kreft, Yara Banz, Andreas Rosenwald, Sunil Badve, Dietmar Borchert, Sabina Berezowska, Gerhard Preissler, Katrin S. Huettl, Alexander Marx, Eric Dominic Roessner, and Thomas Graeter
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pure red cell aplasia, 610 Medicine & health, autoimmune disease, lymphoma, thymitis, medicine.disease_cause, lcsh:RC254-282, Scleroderma, Article, Autoimmunity, surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, thymus, immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, ddc:610, Autoimmune disease, business.industry, LESA, imaging, Hyperplasia, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, medicine.disease, myasthenia, pathology, thymic epithelial tumor, Sialadenitis, Myasthenia gravis, 3. Good health, Lymphoma, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, 570 Life sciences, biology, business
Abstract: Thymic hyperplasia (TH) with lymphoepithelial sialadenitis (LESA)-like features (LESA-like TH) has been described as a tumor-like, benign proliferation of thymic epithelial cells and lymphoid follicles. We aimed to determine the frequency of lymphoma and autoimmunity in LESA-like TH and performed retrospective analysis of cases with LESA-like TH and/or thymic MALT-lymphoma. Among 36 patients (21 males) with LESA-like TH (age 52 years, 32&ndash, 80, lesion diameter 7.0 cm, 1&ndash, 14.5, median, range), five (14%) showed associated lymphomas, including four (11%) thymic MALT lymphomas and one (3%) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. One additional case showed a clonal B-cell-receptor rearrangement without evidence of lymphoma. Twelve (33%) patients (7 women) suffered from partially overlapping autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 4, 11%), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 3, 8%), myasthenia gravis (n = 2, 6%), asthma (n = 2, 6%), scleroderma, Sj&ouml, gren syndrome, pure red cell aplasia, Grave&rsquo, s disease and anti-IgLON5 syndrome (each n = 1, 3%). Among 11 primary thymic MALT lymphomas, remnants of LESA-like TH were found in two cases (18%). In summary, LESA-like TH shows a striking association with autoimmunity and predisposes to lymphomas. Thus, a hematologic and rheumatologic workup should become standard in patients diagnosed with LESA-like TH. Radiologists and clinicians should be aware of LESA-like TH as a differential diagnosis for mediastinal mass lesions in patients with autoimmune diseases.
Published: 2021

18. Cancer Acidity and Hypertonicity Contribute to Dysfunction of Tumor-Associated Dendritic Cells: Potential Impact on Antigen Cross-Presentation Machinery

Author: Stefan Porubsky, Sven Burgdorf, Alexander Marx, and Zoran V. Popovic
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, cancer acidity, Review, Major histocompatibility complex, lcsh:RC254-282, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Cytotoxic T cell, tumor microenvironment, Antigen-presenting cell, cross-presentation, Tumor microenvironment, biology, Chemistry, Cross-presentation, Mononuclear phagocyte system, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Warburg effect, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, hyperosmolarity, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein
Abstract: Macrophages (M) and dendritic cells (DC), major players of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MoPh), are potent antigen presenting cells that steadily sense and respond to signals from the surrounding microenvironment, leading to either immunogenic or tolerogenic outcomes. Next to classical MHC-I/MHC-II antigen-presentation pathways described in the vast majority of cell types, a subset of MoPh (CD8+, XCR1+, CLEC9A+, BDCA3+ conventional DCs in human) is endowed with a high competence to cross-present external (engulfed) antigens on MHC-I molecules to CD8+ T-cells. This exceptional DC function is thought to be a crucial crossroad in cytotoxic antitumor immunity and has been extensively studied in the past decades. Biophysical and biochemical fingerprints of tumor micromilieus show significant spatiotemporal differences in comparison to non-neoplastic tissue. In tumors, low pH (mainly due to extracellular lactate accumulation via the Warburg effect and via glutaminolysis) and high oncotic and osmotic pressure (resulting from tumor debris, increased extracellular matrix components but in part also triggered by nutritive aspects) are—despite fluctuations and difficulties in measurement—likely the most constant general hallmarks of tumor microenvironment. Here, we focus on the influence of acidic and hypertonic micromilieu on the capacity of DCs to cross-present tumor-specific antigens. We discuss complex and in part controversial scientific data on the interference of these factors with to date reported mechanisms of antigen uptake, processing and cross-presentation, and we highlight their potential role in cancer immune escape and poor clinical response to DC vaccines.
Published: 2020

19. CD73 Overexpression in Podocytes: A Novel Marker of Podocyte Injury in Human Kidney Disease

Author: Berthold Hocher, Alexander Marx, Felix Bestvater, Stefan Porubsky, Raoul Bergner, Christian Löffler, Bernhard K. Krämer, Damir Krunic, and Zoran V. Popovic
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, CCR2, podocyte, 030232 urology & nephrology, Gene Expression, Kidney, Podocyte, 0302 clinical medicine, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Medicine, Minimal change disease, Biology (General), 5'-Nucleotidase, Spectroscopy, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, Podocytes, Glomerulonephritis, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Computer Science Applications, Chemistry, Proteinuria, minimal change disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunohistochemistry, Female, Kidney Diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, QH301-705.5, Receptors, CCR2, GPI-Linked Proteins, Immunofluorescence, Article, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, QD1-999, Molecular Biology, Aged, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, CD73, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: The CD73 pathway is an important anti-inflammatory mechanism in various disease settings. Observations in mouse models suggested that CD73 might have a protective role in kidney damage, however, no direct evidence of its role in human kidney disease has been described to date. Here, we hypothesized that podocyte injury in human kidney diseases alters CD73 expression that may facilitate the diagnosis of podocytopathies. We assessed the expression of CD73 and one of its functionally important targets, the C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), in podocytes from kidney biopsies of 39 patients with podocytopathy (including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease (MCD), membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) and amyloidosis) and a control group. Podocyte CD73 expression in each of the disease groups was significantly increased in comparison to controls (p &lt, 0.001–p &lt, 0.0001). Moreover, there was a marked negative correlation between CD73 and CCR2 expression, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (Pearson r = −0.5068, p = 0.0031, Pearson r = −0.4705, p = 0.0313, respectively), thus suggesting a protective role of CD73 in kidney injury. Finally, we identify CD73 as a novel potential diagnostic marker of human podocytopathies, particularly of MCD that has been notorious for the lack of pathological features recognizable by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.
Published: 2021

20. Neuropilin-2 and Its Transcript Variants Correlate with Clinical Outcome in Bladder Cancer

Author: Samikshan Dutta, Philipp Erben, Zoran V. Popovic, Maryam Givehchi, Kerstin Kilian, Thomas Mayr, Sarah Förster, Philipp Nuhn, Katja Nitschke, Kaustubh Datta, and Michael H. Muders
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:QH426-470, medicine.medical_treatment, NRP2a, Article, Cystectomy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Genetics, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Medicine, Lung cancer, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Genetics (clinical), Aged, Retrospective Studies, neuropilin-2 (NRP2), Aged, 80 and over, neuropilin-2 transcript variants, Predictive marker, Bladder cancer, PDGFC, business.industry, Genetic Variation, Cancer, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Neuropilin-2, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Survival Rate, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, bladder cancer, T-stage, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Urothelial bladder cancer ranks among the 10 most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. In our previous study, the transmembrane protein neuropilin-2 (NRP2) emerged as a predictive marker in patients with bladder cancer. NRP2 consists of several splice variants, the most abundant of these, NRP2a and NRP2b, are reported to have different biological functions in lung cancer progression. For other cancer types, there are no published data on the role of these transcript variants in cancer progression and the clinical outcome. Here, we correlate NRP2 and its two most abundant transcript variants, NRP2A and NRP2B, with the clinical outcome using available genomic data with subsequent validation in our own cohort of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In addition to NRP2, NRP1 and the NRP ligands PDGFC and PDGFD were studied. Only NRP2A emerged as an independent prognostic marker for shorter cancer-specific survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer in our cohort of 102 patients who underwent radical cystectomy between 2008 and 2014 with a median follow-up time of 82 months. Additionally, we demonstrate that high messenger expression of NRP2, NRP1, PDGFC and PDGFD associates with a more aggressive disease (i.e., a high T stage, positive lymph node status and reduced survival).
Published: 2021

21. A comprehensive molecular characterization of the 8q22.2 region reveals the prognostic relevance of OSR2 mRNA in muscle invasive bladder cancer

Author: Philipp Erben, Ralph Wirtz, Karl-Friedrich Kowalewski, Maximilian C. Kriegmair, Zoran V. Popovic, and Daniel Uysal
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_treatment, Gene Expression, Targeted therapy, Breast Tumors, Basic Cancer Research, Gene duplication, Gene expression, Medicine and Health Sciences, Genitourinary Cancers, RNA, Neoplasm, Signal Amplification, Muscle Neoplasms, Multidisciplinary, Genomics, Middle Aged, Amplicon, Prognosis, Bladder Cancer, Neoplasm Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Survival Rate, Oncology, Engineering and Technology, Medicine, Female, Anatomy, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8, Research Article, Urology, Science, In silico, Biology, Disease-Free Survival, Lymphatic System, Cancer Genomics, Genomic Medicine, Breast Cancer, Gastrointestinal Tumors, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, RNA, Messenger, Gene, Survival analysis, Retrospective Studies, Biology and Life Sciences, Cancers and Neoplasms, Computational Biology, Cancer, Genome Analysis, medicine.disease, Genitourinary Tract Tumors, Gastric Cancer, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Signal Processing, Cancer research, Lymph Nodes, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Technological advances in molecular profiling have enabled the comprehensive identification of common regions of gene amplification on chromosomes (amplicons) in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). One such region is 8q22.2, which is largely unexplored in MIBC and could harbor genes with potential for outcome prediction or targeted therapy. To investigate the prognostic role of 8q22.2 and to compare different amplicon definitions, an in-silico analysis of 357 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas, who underwent radical cystectomy for MIBC, was performed. Amplicons were generated using the GISTIC2.0 algorithm for copy number alterations (DNA_Amplicon) and z-score normalization for mRNA gene overexpression (RNA_Amplicon). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariable, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to relate amplicons, genes, and clinical parameters to overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Analyses of the biological functions of 8q22.2 genes and genomic events in MIBC were performed to identify potential targets. Genes with prognostic significance from the in silico analysis were validated using RT-qPCR of MIBC tumor samples (n = 46). High 8q22.2 mRNA expression (RNA-AMP) was associated with lymph node metastases. Furthermore, 8q22.2 DNA and RNA amplified patients were more likely to show a luminal subtype (DNA_Amplicon_core: p = 0.029; RNA_Amplicon_core: p = 0.01). Overexpression of the 8q22.2 gene OSR2 predicted shortened DFS in univariable (HR [CI] 1.97 [1.2; 3.22]; p = 0.01) and multivariable in silico analysis (HR [CI] 1.91 [1.15; 3.16]; p = 0.01) and decreased OS (HR [CI] 6.25 [1.37; 28.38]; p = 0.0177) in RT-qPCR data analysis. Alterations in different levels of the 8q22.2 region are associated with manifestation of different clinical characteristics in MIBC. An in-depth comprehensive molecular characterization of genomic regions involved in cancer should include multiple genetic levels, such as DNA copy number alterations and mRNA gene expression, and could lead to a better molecular understanding. In this study, OSR2 is identified as a potential biomarker for survival prognosis.
Published: 2021

22. Glucosylceramide Synthase Is Involved in Development of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells

Author: Stefan Porubsky, Roger Sandhoff, Richard Jennemann, Hermann Josef Gröne, Mariona Rabionet, Zoran V. Popovic, and Damir Krunic
Subjects: lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, glucosylceramide synthase, 0301 basic medicine, T cell, Immunology, Antigen presentation, Population, CD1, Endogeny, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, thymus, glucosylceramide, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, education, Original Research, education.field_of_study, glycosphingolipid, T-cell receptor, Natural killer T cell, Cell biology, natural killer T cell, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, CD1D, biology.protein, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), lcsh:RC581-607, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells represent a unique population of CD1d-restricted T lymphocytes expressing an invariant T cell receptor encoded by Vα14-Jα18 and Vα24-Jα18 gene segments in mice and humans, respectively. Recognition of CD1d-loaded endogenous lipid antigen(s) on CD4/CD8-double positive (DP) thymocytes is essential for the development of iNKT cells. The lipid repertoire of DP thymocytes and the identity of the decisive endogenous lipid ligands have not yet been fully elucidated. Glycosphingolipids (GSL) were implicated to serve as endogenous ligands. However, further in vivo investigations were hampered by early embryonal lethality of mice deficient for the key GSL-synthesizing enzyme glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase [GlcCer synthase (GCS), EC 2.4.1.80]. We have now analyzed the GSL composition of DP thymocytes and shown that GlcCer represented the sole neutral GSL and the acidic fraction was composed of gangliosides. Furthermore, we report on a mouse model that by combination of Vav-promoter-driven iCre and floxed GCS alleles (Vav Cre GCS f/f ) enabled an efficient depletion of GCS-derived GSL very early in the T cell development, reaching a reduction by 99.6% in DP thymocytes. Although the general T cell population remained unaffected by this depletion, iNKT cells were reduced by approximately 50% in thymus, spleen, and liver and showed a reduced proliferation and an increased apoptosis rate. The Vβ-chains repertoire and development of iNKT cells remained unaltered. The GSL-depletion neither interfered with expression of CD1d, SLAM, and Ly108 molecules nor impeded the antigen presentation on DP thymocytes. These results indicate that GlcCer-derived GSL, in particular GlcCer, contribute to the homeostatic development of iNKT cells.
Published: 2017

23. Hyperosmolarity impedes the cross-priming competence of dendritic cells in a TRIF-dependent manner

Author: Mahnaz Bonrouhi, Jan Gero Schloetel, Viola Nordström, Thomas Hielscher, Federica Chessa, Sven Burgdorf, Shijun Wang, Waldemar Kolanus, Thomas Quast, Daniel Mathow, Zoran V. Popovic, Hermann Josef Gröne, Maria Embgenbroich, and Norbert Gretz
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Ovalbumin, Science, T cell, Antigen presentation, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Cross-Priming, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, Osmotic Pressure, medicine, Animals, Antigens, Antigen-presenting cell, Cells, Cultured, Multidisciplinary, CD40, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Dendritic Cells, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, TRIF, biology.protein, Medicine, CD8, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Tissue osmolarity varies among different organs and can be considerably increased under pathologic conditions. Hyperosmolarity has been associated with altered stimulatory properties of immune cells, especially macrophages and dendritic cells. We have recently reported that dendritic cells upon exposure to hypertonic stimuli shift their profile towards a macrophage-M2-like phenotype, resulting in attenuated local alloreactivity during acute kidney graft rejection. Here, we examined how hyperosmotic microenvironment affects the cross-priming capacity of dendritic cells. Using ovalbumin as model antigen, we showed that exposure of dendritic cells to hyperosmolarity strongly inhibits activation of antigen-specific T cells despite enhancement of antigen uptake, processing and presentation. We identified TRIF as key mediator of this phenomenon. Moreover, we detected a hyperosmolarity-triggered, TRIF-dependent clustering of MHCI loaded with the ovalbumin-derived epitope, but not of overall MHCI molecules, providing a possible explanation for a reduced T cell activation. Our findings identify dendritic cells as important players in hyperosmolarity-mediated immune imbalance and provide evidence for a novel pathway of inhibition of antigen specific CD8+ T cell response in a hypertonic micromilieu.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Deficiency of N-myristoylation reveals calcineurin activity as regulator of IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells

Author: Stefan Porubsky, Zoran V. Popovic, Hermann Josef Gröne, Francesca Rampoldi, Fabian Brunk, Damir Krunic, Mahnaz Bonrouhi, and Giuseppina Federico
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, T cell, Immunology, Regulator, Biology, Myristic Acid, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, Interferon-gamma, Mice, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Secretion, Myristoylation, Cell Nucleus, Mice, Knockout, NFATC Transcription Factors, Calcineurin, fungi, food and beverages, NFAT, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta, Cell Biology, Cell biology, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Lipid modification, T-Box Domain Proteins
Abstract: γδ T cell subsets can be characterized, in part, by their secretion of select proinflammatory cytokines. The molecular mechanisms driving the diverse fates of γδ T cells have not been elucidated. We have previously shown that the attachment of myristic acid to the N-terminal glycine of proteins, termed N-myristoylation, is essential for αβ T cell development and activation. Here, we explore the potential role of this lipid modification on the activation of γδ T cells. In the absence of N-myristoylation, the CD27+ γδ T cell subset was dominantly affected. The cells produced high levels of IFN-γ upon stimulation. In addition, they were more sensitive to inhibition of the CaN-Nfat pathway than were γδ T cells with myristoylated CaN. N-Myristoylation was found to modulate activity of phosphatase CaN, a regulator of Nfat. In summary, the CaN–Nfat pathway regulates development and function of IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells, and its balanced activity is strongly dependent on CaN N-myristoylation.
Published: 2016

25. The renal microenvironment modifies dendritic cell phenotype

Author: Ann Atzberger, Sven Burgdorf, Daniel Mathow, Shijun Wang, Thomas Hielscher, Stefan Porubsky, Zoran V. Popovic, Federica Chessa, Hermann Josef Gröne, and Norbert Gretz
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Graft Rejection, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Down-Regulation, Inflammation, Bone Marrow Cells, Receptors, Cell Surface, Biology, Sodium Chloride, 03 medical and health sciences, Leukocyte Count, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Macrophage, Animals, Homeostasis, Cells, Cultured, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Kidney, Immunity, Cellular, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Follicular dendritic cells, Gene Expression Profiling, Macrophages, Osmolar Concentration, Dendritic cell, Mononuclear phagocyte system, Dendritic Cells, Kidney Transplantation, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Phenotype, Cellular Microenvironment, Nephrology, medicine.symptom, Transcriptome, Alloantigen recognition, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Renal dendritic cells are a major component of the renal mononuclear phagocytic system. In the renal interstitium, these cells are exposed to an osmotic gradient, mainly sodium, whose concentration progressively increases towards inner medulla. Renal allograft rejection affects predominantly the cortex, suggesting a protective role of the renal medullary micromilieu. Whether osmolar variations can modulate the function of renal dendritic cells is currently undefined. Considering the central role of dendritic cells in promoting allorejection, we tested whether the biophysical micromilieu, particularly the interstitial osmotic gradient, influences their alloreactivity. There was a progressive depletion of leukocytes towards the medulla of homeostatic kidney. Only macrophages opposed this tendency. Flow cytometry of homeostatic and post-transplant medullary dendritic cells revealed a switch towards a macrophage-like phenotype. Similarly, bone marrow–derived dendritic cells developed ex vivo in sodium chloride–enriched medium acquired a M2-like signature. Microarray analysis of allotransplant dendritic cells posed a medullary downregulation of genes mainly involved in alloantigen recognition. Gene expression profiles of both medullary dendritic cells and bone marrow–derived dendritic cells matured in hyperosmolar medium had an overlap with the macrophage M2 signature. Thus, the medullary environment inhibits an alloimmune response by modulating the phenotype and function of dendritic cells.
Published: 2015

26. Dickkopf-3, a Tissue-Derived Modulator of Local T-Cell Responses

Author: Bernd Arnold, Thilo Oelert, Michael Meister, Julia Ludwig, Herman Waldmann, Varun Kumar, Viola Nordström, Gerhard Moldenhauer, Hermann Josef Gröne, Peter P. Nawroth, Ashleigh S. Boyd, Maria Papatriantafyllou, Zoran V. Popovic, Kathy O. Lui, and Thomas Fleming
Subjects: lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, immune privilege, T cell, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Immunology, autoimmunity, T cells, Embryoid body, Biology, Acquired immune system, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Autoimmunity, Immune system, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune privilege, Dickkopf-3, Transplantation Immunology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, lcsh:RC581-607, CD8, Original Research, transplantation
Abstract: The adaptive immune system protects organisms from harmful environmental insults. In parallel, regulatory mechanisms control immune responses in order to assure preservation of organ integrity. Yet, molecules involved in the control of T-cell responses in peripheral tissues are poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the function of Dickkopf-3 in the modulation of local T-cell reactivity. Dkk3 is a secreted, mainly tissue-derived protein with highest expression in organs considered as immune-privileged such as the eye, embryo, placenta, and brain. While T-cell development and activation status in naïve Dkk3-deficient mice was comparable to littermate controls, we found that Dkk3 contributes to the immunosuppressive microenvironment that protects transplanted, class-I mismatched embryoid bodies from T-cell-mediated rejection. Moreover, genetic deletion or antibody-mediated neutralization of Dkk3 led to an exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This phenotype was accompanied by a change of T-cell polarization displayed by an increase of IFNγ-producing T cells within the central nervous system. In the wild-type situation, Dkk3 expression in the brain was up-regulated during the course of EAE in an IFNγ-dependent manner. In turn, Dkk3 decreased IFNγ activity and served as part of a negative feedback mechanism. Thus, our findings suggest that Dkk3 functions as a tissue-derived modulator of local CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Selenium Deficiency

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

28. SOS

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

29. Signal Transduction of Apoptosis

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

30. Splenic Agenesis

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

31. Spinal Spastic Paraplegia

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

32. Stress-induced Tachycardia

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

33. Supraventricular Tachycardia

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

34. Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

35. Shah-Waardenburg Syndrome

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

36. Sphingolipid Activator Protein Deficiency

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

37. Slowing of Respiration

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

38. Shock Liver

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

39. Spinocellular Carcinoma

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

40. Subacute Nonsuppurative Thyroiditis

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

41. Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

42. Stress-induced Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

43. Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

44. Sarcoid Myositis

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

45. Subepithelial Mucinous Corneal Dystrophy

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

46. Slow-Transit Constipation

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

47. Subtype of Nemaline Myopathies or NEM3

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

48. Sexual Precocity

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

49. Stiff Person Syndrome

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

50. Sodium Channel Myotonia

Author: Alexander K. C. Leung, Cham Pion Kao, Andrew L. Wong, Thomas Kolter, Ute Schepers, Konrad Sandhoff, Bennett Myers, David N. Herrmann, Vikram K. Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Surender Kashyap, C. Ronald Scott, Natalie Gall, Katrin Welt, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Matthew Harries, Tobias Fischer, Ralf Paus, Cornelius F. Boerkoel, Leah I. Elizondo, Thomas Lücke, Markus M. Nöthen, Marcella Rietschel, Undine E. Lang, Sophie Nicole, Bertrand Fontaine, William Lane M. Robson, Thomas Krieg, Julia Weihrauch, Sergio A. Jimenez, Hugo Ten Cate, Itshak Zusman, Pavel Gurevich, Herzl Ben-Hur, Jutta Keller, Jiri Litzman, Yaofeng Zhao, Lennart Hammarstöm, Margherita Bergomi, Carlotta Malagoli, Marco Vinceti, Marie-Estelle Dupont, Olivier Guilbaud, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Zoran V. Popovic, Mario Mancini, Batya B. Davidovici, Batsheva Marcos, Edith Orion, Ronni Wolf, Jean-Louis Vincent, Giora Z. Feuerstein, James C. Keith, Robert R. Ruffolo, Cord Sunderkötter, M. Murat Naki, Cevahir Tekcan, Amy S. Rawls, Daniel C. Link, Carolina Reitzenstein, Jürgen Kopitz, Michael Cantz, Johannes Uhl, John-John B. Schnog, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Bärbel Schütte, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin, Alessandra Baumer, Hans-Peter Zenner, Brandy J. Harvey, Jyh-Yeuan Lee, Ina L. Urbatsch, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Sarah H. Elsea, Santhosh Girirajan, Chee-Keong Toh, Rebecca Schüle, Ludger Schöls, Niels Borregaard, Jack B. Cowland, Laura E. Mitchell, Analee J. Etheredge, Denise S. Hill, Richard H. Finnell, Meinhard Schiller, Dorothee Nashan, Stefan Reuter, David Geneviève, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Jozef Gécz, Ravi Savarirayan, Yves Le Loir, Michel Gautier, Jean-Michel Rozet, Josseline Kaplan, Katarzyna Lukasiuk, Asla Pitkänen, Stephan Haas, Sören Siegmund, Manfred V. Singer, Henryk Dancygier, Mark Oette, Vicente Andrés, Rainer Wessely, Deborah P. Merke, Kam-Lun Ellis Hon, Jutta Engel, Hans-Michael Meinck, Amei Ludwig, Hartmut Hengel, Xinkang Wang, Ivor L. Gerber, Eric Sibley, Akihiro Takatsu, Brigitta Bondy, Daniel Markovich, Ting-Ting Huang, Charles J. Epstein, and Hilmar Prange
Published: 2009

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

322 results on '"Zoran V. Popovic"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources