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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil, tantangan, dan strategi guru dalam menghadapi Evaluasi Hasil Belajar Berbasis Komputer dan Smartphone (EHB-BKS) SMA Negeri di Kota Malang. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Penentuan informan penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Informan penelitian yaitu siswa, guru mata pelajaran Sosiologi, dan wakil kepala sekolah bidang kurikulum. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Validitas data diperoleh melalui triangulasi sumber. Data penelitian dianalisis secara interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru memberikan informasi dan pengenalan bentuk-bentuk soal EHB-BKS sejak dini, yaitu mulai dari kelas X. Guru juga menerapkan strategi penguatan pemahaman soal dengan membagi kisi-kisi soal, memberikan latihan-latihan soal, dan melakukan pembahasan soal. Secara tidak langsung, guru dapat mengevaluasi dan menguatkan materi Sosiologi dari kelas X hingga kelas XII. Upaya tersebut dapat berpengaruh pada peningkatan hasil EHB-BKS. Abstract The research aimed to determine the results, challenges, and strategies of teachers in dealing with Computer and Smartphone-Based Learning Outcomes Evaluation (EHB-BKS) in Malang City Senior High School. The type of research conducted was descriptive qualitative. The determination of research informants used a purposive sampling technique. Research informants were students, teachers of sociology subjects, and vice principals in the field of curriculum. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data obtained through triangulation of sources. The analysis technique used interactive analysis. The result showed that the teacher provided information and introduced the forms of EHB-BKS questions from an early age, starting from class X. The teachers also implemented strategies to strengthen understanding of the questions by dividing the grid of questions, the gave practice questions, and discussing the questions. Indirectly, the teacher can evaluate and strengthen the Sociology material from class X to class XII. These efforts can have an effect on increasing the results of EHB-BKS. &nbsp

School is an essential thing for education quality. This time, the South Tangerang government is implementing a new student admission process using a zoning system; all prospective students must choose a school that has the shortest distance from their residence. However, many parents and prospective students do not understand this zoning system. The limited access to information is a problem for them, so they do not know where the schools are included in their zoning area. For this reason, the need to efforts the problem-solve to use Dijkstra's algorithm as a consideration to find the results more accurate for the shortest distance. So the exact solution that should implement the information technology this time is "Implementation of Dijkstra's Algorithm to Find a School Shortest Distance Based on The Zoning System In South Tangerang." It is a solution for parents and prospective students to get information about school choices included in their zoning.

This study aims to figure out what the relationship of empowerment of SMEs through methods of zoning as marketing strategy of SMEs in two different markets (offline and online). The zoning strategy with information and communication system integrated brings together socialization and promotion in a market. This system can help the government in taking and formulating policies to unite SMEs in a new market by not leaving the old market. The method in this study uses qualitative descriptive. There are three propositions produced in this initial research, the first; Offline and online marketing is very relevant for SMEs in Indonesia. Second; marketing information system is access for SMEs to find out the demand or market needs both domestically and internationally. And third; The zoning system can be used as an online development strategy for SMEs to synchronize two different markets, namely offline and online. Further research is needed to validate the propositions found, to generate hypotheses and empirical evidence, we recommend using mix methods for future research.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi setelah sistem zonasi di terapkan di SMA Negeri (SMAN) 1 Surakarta dan menganalisa strategi manajemen sekolah di SMAN 1 Surakarta dalam menghadapi pemberlakuan sistem zonasi menggunakan teori struktural fungsional oleh Radcliffe-Brown. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnografi dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman melalui beberapa prosedur kegiatan meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1.) Perubahan input siswa yang menjadi relatif heterogen setelah sistem zonasi diterapkan menyebabkan perubahan budaya sekolah dan pola pembelajaran; 2.) Strategi yang digunakan oleh manajemen sekolah di SMAN 1 Surakarta dalam menghadapi perubahan budaya sekolah adalah dengan penanaman nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam Hasthalaku dan inovasi Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS); dan 3.) Mekanisme adaptif dengan mengubah metode pembelajaran dan wacana akan diterapkannya Sistem Kredit Semester (SKS) di SMAN 1 Surakarta merupakan strategi yang dipilih oleh manajemen sekolah dalam rangka menghadapi perubahan pola pembelajaran. AbstractThis study aims to: 1.) Know the changes that occur after the zoning system is implemented in SMAN 1 Surakarta; 2.) Analyzing the school management strategy at SMAN 1 Surakarta in dealing with implementing the zoning system using functional, structural theory by Radcliffe-Brown. This study uses an ethnographic approach with qualitative research methods. Analysis of the data used in this study uses a number of procedure activities, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. Results of the study: (1) Changes in student input that become relatively heterogeneous after the zonation system is applied causes changes in school culture and learning patterns; 2.) The strategy used by school management at SMAN 1 Surakarta in dealing with changes in school culture is by inculcating the values contained in Hasthalaku and innovating the School Literacy Movement (GLS); and 3.) The adaptive mechanism by changing learning methods and discourse will be applied to the Semester Credit System (SKS) at SMAN 1 Surakarta is the strategy chosen by the school management in order to deal with changes in learning patterns.

本稿はニュージーランドオークランド市の小売商業の計画政策と小売商業の地域的動向についてみたものである。オークランド市の小売商業の計画政策は，ゾーニング制度を用いて小売商業の開発と立地をコントロールすることで，小売商業地の階層的地域体系と既存の小売商業地区を存続・維持するとともに，急速な人口増加に対しては，新設センターの開発と既存のセンターの周辺に小売商業地区を拡張する用地を担保することで地域的需給ギャップの調整を図っている。また，近年の地域小売商業の動向としては，大規模なセンターや新設センターが成長・発展するとともに，既存の小売商業地区のなかには，マイノリティ人口の増加に対応して，エスニックマーケットへと変容してきたところもみられてきている。, This paper aims to examine the retail planning policies and the recent regional trends of the retail activities in Auckland, New Zealand. Its retail planning policy is expressed in "Auckland Plan" which was approved in 2012. The main purpose of this plan is to control the retail development by land use zoning and to maintain the regional hierarchy of the existing retail centres in order to keep their vitality. The regional gap between supply and demand due to the rapid population growth is adjusted by the developing the emergent centres and the reserving additional land for the future development of the existing centres. From considering the recent retail activities, it became clear that the larger centres and the emergent centres have been growing faster than the others and some existing centres in the area with rapid ethnic population growth have been transforming to the ethnic market centres., 伊東理教授退職記念号, 特集 : 都市空間の地理学

This research was conducted to determine the availability of state junior high schools (SMP) and state senior high schools (SMA) based on the school zoning system. So that the ideal number of junior and senior high schools in each district will be obtained. To achieve the research objectives using the carrying capacity formula of service facilities. The results of this study indicate the calculation of carrying capacity obtained a value of> 1, which means that the sub-district has been able to meet the needs of the population for public high school facilities. Meanwhile, the sub-districts that have fulfilled the carrying capacity of the facilities of State Junior High Schools with a carrying capacity of> 1 are Jatiasih and East Bekasi districts, which means that these districts can meet the needs of educational service facilities. The Bekasi Selatan sub-district received a score equal to 1, which means that it is balanced between the service needs and the available educational facilities (SMPN). Whereas in the application of the zoning system for the New Student Admissions in Bekasi City, for the State Senior High School level with an area of ​​7 Km from schools and State Junior High Schools, it can reach 1 Km from the school., Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui ketersediaanakan tingkat kecukupan Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Negeri dan Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Negeri yang tersedia berdasarkan sistem zonasi sekolah. Sehingga akan diperoleh jumlah sekolah SMP dan SMA Negeri yang ideal pada setiap kecamatan. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian menggunakan rumus daya dukung fasilitas pelayanan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perhitungan daya dukung memperoleh nilai > 1, yang artinya kecamatan tersebut telah mampu memenuhi kebutuhan penduduk terhadap layanan fasilitas SMA Negeri. Sedangkan kecamatan yang sudah memenuhi daya dukung kebutuhan fasilitas SMP Negeri dengan nilai daya dukung > 1 yaitu Kecamatan Jatiasih dan Kecamatan Bekasi Timur, yang artinya kecamatan tersebut sudah dapat memenuhi kebutuhan fasilitas layanan pendidikan. Kecamatan Bekasi Selatan memperoleh nilai sama dengan 1, yang artinya sudah seimbang antara kebutuhan layanan dengan fasilitas pendidikan (SMPN) yang tersedia. Sedangkan dalam penerapan sistem zonasi pada Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru di Kota Bekasi, untuk jenjang SMA Negeri dengan wilayah jangkauan 7 Km dari sekolah dan SMP Negeri dapat menjangkau wilayah 1 Km dari sekolah.

The introduction of the zoning system into Nigeria political space was to aid the smooth rotation of key political positions across the country. This policy is to achieve fairness, peace and equitable distribution of resource. Its adverse effect on the economy is thus something to worry about. Therefore, the study examines the effect of democratic zoning system on the economy of Nigeria, with special reference to Niger state. Employing descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. The results revealed that the elements of democratic zoning vis-à-vis; peace, equity, unity and justice has a positive and significant effect on the growth of the Nigeria economy. The authors thus recommends the government at both levels should focus on providing simultaneous development projects to pave way for peace and unity, zoning system should be incorporated into the Nigeria constitution, unbiased and equitable distribution of resources across the economy.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v17i1.6592

Implementing the zoning system in the 2019/2020 school year imposed by the Makassar city government through the Education Office caused various problems. This study's specific purpose is (1) To examine the characteristics of the New Student Acceptance problem of the zoning system, (2) explore the supporting capacity of the regulations, 3. non-regulatory environmental factors that affect the implementation of the PPDB zoning system. 4. Implementation trap of policy. The Research Method used is a qualitative method, and the appropriate type of research is a case study. The results showed that the New Student Acceptance problem zoning system characteristics, among others: Infrastructure readiness problems for online registration, Lack of socialization of PPDB system to prospective students and parents, thus confusing. The implementation trap of policy, the policy objective is too vague or broad to be converted into action, the target specification is not clearly defined due to weak guidelines on how goals can be achieved, or undefined standards or actions to be taken, either in implementing, or the target community. Finally, problems also arise when the chain of responsibility for implementing a policy is unclear.Penerapan sistem zonasi pada tahun ajaran 2019/2020 yang diberlakukan pemerintah kota Makassar melalui Dinas Pendidikan menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk meneliti karakteristik masalah Penerimaan Siswa Baru dari system zonasi, (2) mengeksplorasi daya dukung peraturan, 3. Factor lingkungan non-regulasi yang mempengaruhi penerapan system zonasi PPDB. 4. Perangkap implementasi kebijakan. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dan jenis penelitian yang sesuai adalah studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik system zonasi masalah Penerimaan Siswa Baru antara lain: Masalah kesiapan infrastruktur untuk pendaftaran online, Kurangnya sosialisasi sistem PPDB kepada calon siswa dan orang tua, sehingga membingungkan. Jebakan implementasi kebijakan , tujuan kebijakan terlalu kabur atau luas untuk dikonversi menjadi tindakan, spesifikasi target tidak didefinisikan dengan jelas karena pedoman yang lemah tentang bagaimana tujuan dapat dicapai, atau standar atau tindakan yang tidak terdefinisi untuk diambil, baik dalam menerapkan, atau komunitas target. Akhirnya, masalah juga muncul ketika rantai tanggung jawab untuk menerapkan kebijakan tidak jelas.

FEATHERS is an activity-based micro-simulation modeling framework used for transport demand forecasting. Currently, this framework is implemented for the Flanders region of Belgium and the most detailed travel demand data can be obtained at the Subzone level, which consists of 2,386 virtual units with an average area of 5.8 km 2 . In this study, we investigated the transferability of applying the FEATHERS framework from the Subzone zoning system to a more disaggregated zoning system, i.e., Building block (BB), which is the most detailed geographical level currently applicable in Belgium consisting of 10,521 units with an average area of 1.3 km 2 . In this paper, we elaborated the data processing procedure in order to implement the FEATHERS framework under the BB zoning system. The observed as well as the predicted travel demand in Flanders based on the two zoning systems were compared. The results indicated the validity and also the necessity of this extension.

建物の用途や形態の制限に関する用途地域・容積率規定・高度地区等いわゆる地域地区制度は、大正8年以来、わが国の市街地土地利用計画制度の根幹をなしている制度である。この地域地区は、これまでに制度的改定に加えてその具体的運用である地域での指定の見直し改定が繰り返されてきた。本研究は、1968年に現都市計画法が新訂され、1973年の全面指定替え以降1981年に続く3回目の全面見直しであった1989年指定替えの実態を、実際的改定作業を担当した東京都の各区市の担当部局へのアンケート調査から分析したものである。基本地域が4種から8種になった1973年改定の実態と比較しつつ以下の点を分析・考察した。第ーに、土地利用計画の大枠を規定する東京都の指定の方針を比較分析すると、今回の方針が「整備の促進」を前提としつつも環境保全的基調から開発・再開発促進的基調に変換していること。第二に、実態的に改定内容を分析すると、結果的には大幅な改定となっている。その内容は規制の緩和の方向への見直しが基調で、用途規制の緩和のみならず、とくに指定容積率においては平均的に区部で9.5%、市部(19市)で6.9%の増加を見ていること。第三に、改定手続きとしては、審議会の運営は1973年以降定着しているが、地元説明会の開催やそれへの市民の参加状況、陳情等住民要望の状況を見ると、形式的には実施されているといえるものの実質的な住民参加は低調であったといえよう。, Japan's first land use zoning regulation system was established in 1919，when the first modern town Planning Act and Building Standard Act were promulgated. With the revision of the Town Planning Act in 1968，the number of basic types of zones in the land zoning system increased from four to eight. In 1973，all the old land use control zones were canceled and newly designated. Since then，two major revisions of zone designation have taken place，in 1981 and 1989. It is of interest how the new land use regulation zones were designated，because the zoning regulation system is the most basic method for land use management and promotion of planned land use. Also，a new zoning regulation system is being prepared，with designation of new zones to be completed in several years. In the new system，the three existing residential zones are replaced with seven new ones. The quality of Tokyo's residential environment will be determined by how these new residential zones are designated，basically by whether deregulation or regularization，such as down-zoning，is implemented. This study investigates the course and circumstances of the 1989 zoning revision in comparison with the re-designation between 1973 and 1989. It contributes to the discussion on the management policy for the new zoning regulation system and the format of re-designation. We distributed questionnaires to all local government planning departments (on the level of ku-municipal borough and shi-city). Twenty-three ku-authorities(100%) and 19 shi-authorities (70%) returned the questionnaire that dealt with zoning regulation planning，zone proportion change，zoning draft plan，new designation plan，designation procedure (such as public hearings), public opinion surveys，composition and management of committees，etc. In contrast to the 1973 regularization，the 1989 land use control policy is based on deregulation of individual building construction and redevelopment. The basic assumption is that improvement of infrastructure must be promoted through cooperation between government and the private sector，but individual construction and develpment are deregulated. The existing land use regulation was largely revised in direction of deregulation of both land use control and building bulk ratios. Expecially，the new maximum bulk ratio permits an average ratio increase of 9.5% in inner Tokyo (ku-area) and 6.9% in outer Tokyo (shi-area). Finally，not only the number of public opinions collected but also the number of participants in the public hearings is lower than in 1973. One of reasons may be that many houses in inner Tokyo need to be rebuilt or renewed，because they were built about 30 years ago and thus are superannuated today. However，it is not easy to build a desirable house because of the small size of each site. Therefore，many owners hope for a relaxation of the building and bulk ratio regulations.

Proceedings on CD-ROM.; International audience; In spite of the fact that disaggregate modelling has undergone considerable development in the last twenty years, many studies are still based on aggregate modelling. In France, for example, aggregate models are still in much more common use than disaggregate models, even for modal split. The estimation of aggregate models is still therefore an important issue.In France, for most studies it is possible to use behavioural data from household surveys, which are conducted every ten years in most French conurbations. These household surveys provide data on the socioeconomic characteristics both of individuals and the households to which they belong and data on modal choice for all the trips made the day before the survey. The sampling rate is generally of 1% of the population, which gives about 50,000 trips for a conurbation of 1 million inhabitants. However, matrices that contain several hundred rows and columns are frequently used. We therefore have to construct several modal matrices that contain more than 10,000 cells (in the case of a small matrix with only 100 rows) with less than 50,000 trips (to take the above example). Obviously, the matrices will contain a large number of empty cells and the precision of almost all the cells will be very low. It is consequently not possible to estimate the model at this level of zoning.The solution which is generally chosen is to aggregate zones. This must comply with two contradictory objectives:- the number of zones must be as small as possible in order to increase the number of surveyed trips that can be used during estimation and hence the accuracy of the O-D matrices for trips conducted on each mode;- the zones must be as small as possible in order to produce accurate data for the explanatory variables such as the generalized cost for each of the transport modes considered. When the size of the zone increases, it is more difficult to evaluate the access and regress time for public transport and there are several alternative routes with different travel times between each origin zone and each destination. Therefore more uncertainty is associated with the generalized cost that represents the quality of service available between the two zones. The generally adopted solution is to produce a weighted average of all the generalized costs computed from the most disaggregated matrix. However, there is no guarantee that this weighted mean will be accurate for the origin-destination pair in question.When the best compromise has been made, some of the matrix cells are generally empty or suffer from an insufficient level of precision. To deal with this problem we generally keep only the cells for which the data is sufficiently precise by selecting those cells in which the number of surveyed trips exceeds a certain threshold. However, this process involves rejecting part of the data which cannot be used for estimation purposes. When a fairly large number of zones is used, the origin destination pairs which are selected for the estimation of the model mainly involve trips that are performed in the centre of the conurbation or radial trips between the centre and the suburbs. These origin-destination pairs are also those for which public transport's share is generally the highest. The result is to reduce the variance of the data and therefore the quality of the estimation.To cope with this problem we propose a different aggregation process which makes it possible to retain all the trips and use a more disaggregate zoning system. The principle of the method is very simple. We shall apply the method to the model most commonly used for modal split, which is the logit model. When there are only two modes of transport, the share of each mode is obtained directly from the difference in the utility between the two modes with the logit function. We can therefore aggregate the origin-destination pairs for which the difference between the utility of the two modes is very small in order to obtain enough surveyed trips to ensure sufficient data accuracy. This process is justified by the fact that generally the data used to calculate the utility of each mode is as accurate or even more accurate at a more disaggregate level of zoning. The problem with this method is that the utility function coefficients have to be estimated at the same time as the logit model. An iterative process is therefore necessary. The steps of the method are summarised below:- selection of initialization values for the utility function coefficients for the two transport modes in order to intitialize the iteration process. These values can, for example, be obtained from a previous study or calibration performed according to the classical method described in Section 1.2;- the utility for each mode is computed on the basis of the above coefficients, followed by the difference in the utility for each O-D pair in the smallest scale zoning system for which explanatory variables with an adequate level of accuracy are available (therefore with very limited zonal aggregation or even none at all);- the O-D pairs are classified on the basis of increasing utility difference;- the O-D pairs are then aggregated. This is done on the basis of closeness of utility difference. The method involves taking the O-D link with the smallest utility difference then combining it with the next O-D pair (in order of increasing utility difference). This process is continued until the number of surveyed trips in the grouping is greater than a threshold value that is decided on the basis of the level of accuracy that is required for trip flow estimation. When this threshold is reached the construction of the second grouping is commenced, and so on and so forth until each O-D pair has been assigned to a group;- for each new class of O-D pairs it is necessary to compute the values of the explanatory variables which make up the utility functions for each class. This value is obtained on the basis of the weighted average of the values for each O-D pair in the class;- a new estimation of the utility function coefficients.This process is repeated until the values of the utility function coefficients converge. We have tested this method for the Lyon conurbation with data from the most recent household travel survey conducted in 1995/96. We have conducted a variety of tests in order to identify the best application of the method and to test the stability of the results. It would seem that this method always produces better results than the more traditional method that involves zoning aggregation. The paper presents both the methodology and the results obtained from different aggregation methods. In particular, we analyse how the choice of zoning system affects the results of the estimation.