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In order to choose a reasonable material and thus to improve the quality of storage rainwater through studying the effects of different cellars materials on the self-purification of storage rainwater, the research studied the law of storage rainwater change over time in simulation cellar of red clay, cement and mixed materials respectively. The results showed that with the proceeding of water self-purification in water cellar, CODMn and the total numbers of bacteria increased first and then slowly lower and in line, the change of DO was similar to oxygen sag curve; CODMn showed a degradation rate proportional to the concentration-response relationship, the function of water self-purification in red clay cellar was much stronger, DO-consumption rate constant: K( red clay cellar)﹥K( mixed cellar)﹥K(cement cellar); And after storing three months in red clay caverns、cement、 and mixed materials cellar respectively, the total numbers of bacteria decreased by 98%, 65%, 67%, CODMn decreased by 58%, 34%, 46%, NH3-N decreased by 73%, 51%, 63% in the monitoring indexes .