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This article examines French and Russian terminological units that describe the current systems of gestural communication. The author studied scientific articles, dictionaries, non-fiction, and law texts to conduct a definitional and context analysis of lexical units that form a lexical-semantic continuum between the expression of the concept of oral language and the concept of sign language in the corresponding metalanguages. The study revealed linguistic and extralinguistic factors that determined ethical problems associated with the incorrect translation of certain terms from French into Russian. The fundamental distinction between the concepts of language and speech made it possible to systematize all the units identified as part of this terminological field in both Russian and French. The systems were presented as tables that illustrated the boundaries of the concepts. A comparative analysis of the two systems indicated the main morphological and semantic differences in the terms. The research resulted in a system of equivalence between French and Russian terms, i.e., a scientifically based nomenclature that can be used by linguists and translators when working on Russian and French texts in the field of communication of deaf and hard of hearing people.

On March 15, 2024, in Moscow, the Russian Phlebological Association and the National Association of Specialists in Thrombosis, Clinical Hemostasiology and Hemorheology organized a meeting of the Council of Experts during the Russian Forum on Thrombosis and Hemostasis on the acute issues of venous thromboembolism (VTE) primary prevention using low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) in surgical patients with different body weight. The participants reviewed the relevance and prevalence of this problem in surgical practice, discussed risk factors and the frequency of VTE development, including bleeding in the postoperative period, and the Caprini risk score for complications. The discussion also focused on standard and personalized LMWH doses for primary prophylaxis of VTE in the perioperative period in surgical patients, depending on body weight, and the role of laboratory tests, including assessment of LMWH anti-Xa activity for monitoring the efficacy and safety of VTE primary prevention in clinical practice.

Abstract Background Colon cancer is a global health concern, ranking fifth in both new diagnoses and deaths among tumors worldwide. Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment for localized cases, with a historical evolution marked by a focus on short-term outcomes. While Japan pioneered radical tumor removal with a systematic categorization of lymph nodes (D1, D2, D3), the dissemination of Japanese practices to the West was delayed until 90th of last century. Discrepancies between Japanese D3 dissection and the CME with CVL principle persist, with variations in longitudinal margins and recommended procedures. Non-randomized trials indicate the superiority of D3 over D2, but a consensus is lacking. Methods This prospective, international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial employs a two-arm, parallel-group, open-label design to rigorously compare the 5-year overall survival outcomes between D2 and D3 lymph node dissection in stage II-III right colon cancer. Building on prior studies, the trial aims to address existing knowledge gaps and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the outcomes associated with D3 dissection. The study population comprises patients with right colon cancer, ensuring a focused investigation into the specific context of this disease. The trial design emphasizes its global scope and collaboration across multiple centers, enhancing the generalizability of the findings. Discussion This study’s primary objective is to elucidate the potential superiority in 5-year overall survival benefits of D3 lymph node dissection compared to the conventional D2 approach in patients with stage II-III right colon cancer. By examining this specific subset of patients, the research aims to contribute valuable insights into optimizing surgical strategies for improved long-term outcomes. The trial’s international and multicenter nature enhances its applicability across diverse populations. The outcomes of this study may inform future guidelines and contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding the standardization of colon cancer surgery, particularly in the context of right colon cancer. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03200834. Registered on June 27, 2017.

The paper presents the results of influence for manufacturing deviations from the shape of the flow part – cavities obtained during the refinement of the material part of the multistage axial compressor GTE-65.1. An approach to the mathematical description of cavities is described, consisting of four steps. This approach allows us to gradually determine the influence of the deviation on the characteristics of the compressor. For each of the four steps the integral characteristics of the compressor deviations in efficiency and the total pressure ratio are compared to the base geometry. The change in the stability of the compressor is analyzed, taking into account the cavities under consideration. The analysis of changes in the parameters of the compressor stages is carried out.

The lexical analysis of scientific terms in the works of French-speaking linguists (from F. de Saussure to modern researchers) allows identifying the epistemological reasons for the development of semantics and the formation of polysemy of terminological units. The semantic features of the considered terms determine a new classification of polysemy types depending on the level of terminological abstraction.

The European Free Trade Association (EFTA), established over 60 years ago as an alternative platform for fostering cooperation, has evolved into a crucial component of the pan-European project. The organizational framework underpinning its operations, its developmental trajectory with specific focus on divergences, and the models of differentiated integration (DI) have significantly contributed to its evolution.EFTA's distinct organizational structure, coupled with its pragmatic legal framework, serves as the foundation of its operations. A detailed examination allows for a clear distinction between Switzerland and the three member states of the European Economic Area (EEA), namely Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway.Regarding the EEA, its legal framework is established through collaborative development of legal instruments with the EU. The thematic allocation is carefully structured based on existing competencies; officials of EFTA's pillar bodies within the two-pillar EEA structure maintain productive relations with the EU, while others focus on internal matters. The geographical location of these bodies plays a decisive role: Brussels and Luxembourg are aligned with a broad Eurocentric decision-making paradigm, while those within EFTA prioritize endogenous agendas.Switzerland's integration trajectory relies on a diverse array of regulatory mechanisms aimed at bridging disparate areas and fostering cooperation among participating states. A sectoral approach and bilateral agreement packages with the EU are pivotal, with several EFTA bodies operating within Swiss jurisdiction facilitating convergence with the European market. Amidst the current regional turbulence, the convergence of various factors has enabled EFTA to align with the EU's approach to differentiated integration. While earlier scholarly perspectives on the phenomenon were limited in criteria and tools, subsequent empirical developments have provided a more nuanced understanding. The DI models adopted by EFTA member states closely resemble those of the EU, highlighting their alignment. Ultimately, the Association has become an integral part of European integration, with the quartet of participating countries maintaining greater flexibility in decision-making processes.

Power driven rotary tillage tools are widely used in agriculture. However, the process of furrow formation by these tillage tools remains insufficiently studied. (Research purpose) To study the process of furrow formation by the actuating elements of rotary working bodies with an active drive. (Materials and methods) The experiments were carried out on a laboratory setup in a soil bin filled with sandy soil. The attack angle of the working elements ranged from 30 to 90 degrees, and the kinematic parameter varied from 0.8 to 2.2. The actuating element of the investigated rotary tillage tools was made in both circular and elliptical blade forms with the least curvature line (the major semi-axis of the ellipse). The actuating element with an elliptical blade has the ability to adjust the angle of inclination relative to the axis of rotation of the of the tillage tool. (Results and discussion) Rotary tillage tools with a circular blade form a furrow parallel to the travel direction. It has been established that an increase in the attack angle of the tillage tool from 30 to 90 degrees results in a twofold increase in the width of the furrow. The actuating element, made along the elliptical line of the blade, forms a furrow having the shape of a parallelogram when viewed from above. At a small angle of attack, this actuating element forms a short, narrow furrow deviating from the unit’s travel direction within the boundaries of the furrow width of the rotary tillage tool. (Conclusions) The results obtained make it possible to choose the parameters for the studied rotary tillage tools, which will ensure the formation of optimal furrows. This will increase the evenness of the furrow bottom and the degree of weed destruction, i.e. improved soil quality.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and potentially fatal cardiovascular disease that must be promptly diagnosed and treated. The diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of PE have evolved with better understanding of the effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic options. Diagnostic testing includes sequential application of clinical decision rules using Wells, Geneva scores, and D-dimer testing. Patients with a high likelihood of having venous thromboembolism (VTE) should undergo ultrasonography if deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is suspected and CT if PE is suspected. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are a safe, effective, and convenient treatment for most patients with VTE and have a lower risk of bleeding than vitamin K antagonists. Treatment of PE in frail patients, including the elderly (≥75 years) and/or with low body weight (≤50 kg) and/or impaired renal function (GFR ≤ 50 ml/min) remains quite problematic due to the increased risk of hemorrhagic complications compared to the risk of recurrent VTE. Available data indicate that DOAC therapy is not inferior in efficacy and safety to conventional anticoagulant therapy and these drugs can be successfully used in “fragile” patients. The presented review can be used to help in choosing the most rational method of treating pulmonary embolism in “fragile” patients.

Background. All attention is focused on reducing the number of accidents on an unfavorable section of the Altufyevsky highway in the area of 5 intersections. Such incidents become aggravating circumstances for nearby infrastructure facilities, such as: shopping malls, shops, cafes, there are also metro stations on a busy site. The endless flow of people and cars, public transport stops, etc. require new security conditions. Materials and methods. To carry out the analysis, methods of modeling, statistics and data mining were used, namely: to simulate the traffic flow on a particular road section, to determine the problem of the site, and to apply the simulation methodology to derive an algorithm for improving the quality of traffic, defining new safety conditions and improving the characteristics of determining the parameters of adverse events – these are the main aspects of the study. Results. A model of multithreaded traffic in a software environment has been developed, an analysis of the traffic flow has been carried out to improve the method used and to derive new conditions for safe traffic on multithreaded road sections and intersections. A decision-making model is derived by creating a training sample from the video stream of the characteristics presented in the article. Conclusions. The presence of traffic lights is one of the safety conditions, but it has some nuances. All stages of detection of adverse situations and new solutions are spelled out in the article.