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Although it is disregarded and banned, a person can be discriminated in the society according to various attributes--due to the person's language, religion, nationality, social background. The problem touches upon not only individuals but minorities as well. Almost all states have one or several groups--minorities--that differ from the main population in ethnic, linguistic or religious lines. Most international treaties on human rights contain anti-discriminatory provisions. In addition to the main rights of the freedom of conscience, thought and associations, the principal legal guarantees for each representative of minorities consist in being treated equally by the law and courts and in equal protection of laws. The paper studies the problems of legal, sociolinguistic and educational basis of linguistic discrimination in the communicative space of Tajikistan. Linguistic discrimination and political correctness are closely connected with the language policy of the state. With exoglossic linguistic situation being characteristic for Tajikistan arises a need to study the questions related to linguistic discrimination. This will allow making certain adjustments to language building and harmonizing the ethnic and interethnic interests on the basis of a balanced and scientifically justified language policy.

Valence tautomeric complexes (VT) are promising systems for creating molecular devices. From this viewpoint, valence tautomeric complexes with a hysteresis loop on the magnetic curve are of special interest as potential memory elements. The hysteresis loop is a consequence of retarded structural rearrangements which investigation is an actual problem. Recently, we have described a new VT transition taking place in a bis-dioxolene cobalt complex with imino-pyridine having a TEMPO substituent (A. A. Zolotukhin, et al., Inorg. Chem., 2017, 56, 14751-14754). Valence tautomeric transformation occurs with a hysteresis loop and is accompanied by a phase transition. The phase transition taking place during cooling is accompanied by crystal destruction. This fact makes it impossible to monitor the structural changes responsible for the hysteresis loop. The current research attempts to resolve this problem. A nickel compound of the same composition (TEMPO-imino-pyridine)Ni(3,6-DBSQ)2 was synthesized and characterized. It was established to be isostructural with the cobalt complex. It was used as an inert matrix for the dilution of the VT cobalt complex. The number of solid solutions with Co/Ni ratios of 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 4, and 1: 8 was obtained. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements show that VT transformation with a hysteresis loop takes place in all solid solutions. The hysteresis loop is shifted to low temperatures primarily due to the shifting of its low-temperature boundary with dilution. The hysteresis width does not change significantly with dilution. DSC detected that transformations are accompanied by phase transitions at different temperatures at cooling and heating. The phase transition at the first cooling occurs at slightly lower temperatures compared with subsequent cycles. These temperatures correspond to the transition temperatures detected from the magnetic curves. The phase transition during the first cooling is accompanied by crystal destruction. Physical destruction takes place in the crystals of all solid solutions. X-ray diffraction powder patterns confirm that phase transition is accompanied by considerable reorganization of the crystal structure typical for the first order transitions. The unit cell volume of solid solutions is larger than that of pure complexes. Especially calculated crystal invariom indicated that the "lattice energy" in a solid solution is the lowest compared with that in "pure" nickel and cobalt complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of the thermal behavior were performed for the first time for a series of ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer complexes of "α‐diimine‐NiII‐catecholate" type: NiII(3,6‐Cat)(bipy) (1), NiII(3,6‐Cat)(bipytBu) (2) and NiII(3,6‐Cat)(DADdipp) (3), where 3,6‐Cat is 3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐catecholate, bipy and bipytBu are 2,2′‐bipyridine and its 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐substituted analog, DADdipp is 1,4‐bis(2,6‐di‐iso‐propylphenyl)‐1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene. The phase transition behavior, vapor phase composition, volatility, and thermodynamics of the sublimation process (enthalpy and entropy calculations) of chromophores 1–3 were examined using DSC, TGA, EI‐MS, and the Knudsen effusion method with weight registration of the sublimated substance. The Hirshfeld surface analysis was implemented to establish a relationship between the characteristics of the crystal packing, and the thermal properties. The compounds 1–3 are distinguished by the high thermal stability and good volatility, as well as the completeness of the transition to the gas phase under low pressure conditions. An increase in ligand's bulkiness leads to a "rarefaction" of the crystal packing of the chromophore, and a corresponding rise of volatility in the order 1≤2<3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the experimental study of the gas flow structure at longitudinal flow around a honeycomb surface with hexagonal cells of various sizes and depths. The measurements were carried out using the PIV system for the developed flow in a flat channel with the cross-section 21 × 150 mm and length of 1000 mm. The flow was visualized and the velocity and turbulence components were measured in a smooth channel and in the presence of honeycomb surfaces. It is shown that a boundary layer with high gradient of velocity and turbulent pulsations is formed near the honeycomb.

The thermal properties and an opportunity for photovoltaic applications were studied for a series of transition metal complexes derived on functionalized o‐aminophenols ‐ mixed‐valent CoIII compounds and bis‐o‐iminobenzosemiquinonato NiII complexes. TGA and DSC explored the thermal behavior of compounds in the solid state. EI‐MS established the vapor phase composition. The temperature dependences of a saturated vapor pressure were measured by the Knudsen effusion method with the weight registration of the sublimated substance. Based on the volatility study data, the thermodynamic parameters of a sublimation process were calculated. A high absorptivity distinguishes metal complexes under investigation at visible and NIR regions (i. e., vis/NIR dyes) and, thus, were tested as photosensitizers in the fabricated dye‐sensitized solar cells. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) was estimated for devices with the NiII derivatives. The CoIII complexes demonstrated the absence of photovoltaic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]