Search

Malnutrition is one of major factors of bone and cartilage disorders. Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) processing waste is a cheap and highly promising source of bioactive substances, including collagen-derived peptides and amino acids, for bone and cartilage structure stabilization. Addition of these substances to a functional drink is one of the ways to achieve their fast intestinal absorption. Collagen hydrolysate was obtained via enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrafiltration, freeze-drying, and grinding to powder. The lyophilized hydrolysate was a light gray powder with high protein content (>90%), including collagen (about 85% of total protein) and a complete set of essential and non-essential amino acids. The hydrolysate was applicable as a protein food supply or a structure-forming food component due to presence of collagen fiber fragments. An isotonic fitness drink (osmolality 298.1 ± 2.1 mOsm/L) containing the hydrolysate and vitamin C as a cofactor in collagen biosynthesis was prepared. Addition of the hydrolysate did not adversely affect its organoleptic parameters. Production of such functional foods and drinks is one of the beneficial ways of fish processing waste utilization.

Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) are highly promising for biological and biomedical applications, including bioimaging, due to their unique opltical properties (i.e. strong fluorescence and very high photostability). Their low or negligible in vitro toxicity has been reported, but in vivo toxicity and biological effects of SiNPs are still uncertain. Uncoated SiNPs were dispersed in distilled water via sonication, and their rapid aggregation was observed (319.0 ± 2.4 nm particle size). In vivo toxicity was studied using Danio rerio embryos and larvae. Rapid aggregation in their incubation medium was observed; besides that, SiNPs at 25 mg/L or higher concentration induced swim bladder malformation and/or death of the fish. The estimated LC50 value for 7-day larvae was 180 mg/L. This is the first in vivo toxicity study of uncoated and unfunctionalized SiNPs. To achieve better stability in biological media and lower toxicity, SiNPs should be covered with hydrophilic layers, but their absorption by cellular membranes may be weaker in this case.

First beam dynamics studies of a damping wiggler prototype for the CLIC damping rings have been carried out at the KIT storage ring. Effects of the 2.9 T superconducting wiggler on the electron beam in the 2.5 GeV standard operation mode have been measured and compared with theoretical predictions. Higher order multipole components were investigated using local orbit bump measurements. Based on these findings the simulation models for the storage ring optic have been adjusted. The refined optics model has been applied to the 1.3 GeV, low-operation case. This case will be used to experimentally benchmark beam dynamics simulations involving strong wiggler fields and dominant collective effects. We present these measurements, comparisons and the findings of the simulations with the updated low-mode optics model., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

An ultra-low emittance lattice based on the ANKA ring geometry is under investigation in framework of the feasibility studies for a compact low emittance synchrotron light source at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany). An attempt to apply the concept of split bending magnets cells and to reduce the natural emittance of the bare ANKA DBA lattice from 90 nm×rad down to 2.5 nm×rad with not-vanishing dynamic aperture is described in this paper. The TME cell with split bends and a quadrupole lens in-between as well as a pair of non-interleaved sextupole lenses separated by “—I ” unit transfer matrix of betatron oscillations allows to decrease the theoretical minimum emittance of ANKA ring down to approximately 6 nm×rad. Further reduction of the phase space volume requires to brake “—I ” symmetry and add extra families of sextupoles, locate an additional high order field elements inside the quadrupoles, optimize the phase advance between sextupole families, shift the betatron tune point, enlarge the sextupole strength and other measures. Results of simulations are reported., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

The CLIC damping rings should produce the ultra-low emittance necessary for the high luminosity performance of the collider. This combined to the high bunch charge present a number of beam dynamics and technical challenges for the rings. Lattice studies have been focused on low emittance cells with optics that reduce the effect Intra-beam scattering. The final beam emittance is reached with the help of super-conducting damping wigglers. Results from recent simulations and prototype measurements are presented, including a detailed absorption scheme design. Collective effects such as electron cloud and fast ion instability can severely limit the performance and mitigation techniques have been identified and tested. Tolerances for alignment and technical system design such as kickers, RF cavities, magnets and vacuum have been finally established., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan

An original design of the CLIC damping ring demonstrates the parameters required for the linear collider together with the highly compact lattice (the circumference of the ring is only about 365 m). However, this design can hardly be implemented in a real machine because of such drawbacks as the lack of space between the magnetic elements to accommodate other accelerator components, serious problems with the evacuation of the high radiation power from damping wigglers and strong gradient of quadrupoles and sextupoles, which can hardly be achieved in the frame of the existing magnet technology. From this point of view this design can be considered as an ideal solution and an aim to be approached. In this paper we explore a possibility to design alternative solutions although with a larger size but with the same performance and with the realistic technical parameters.

A vacuum vessel design of wiggler sections should meet a few challenging specification. The SR power of about 40 kW is generated in each wiggler. Expanding fan of SR radiation reaches the beam vacuum chamber walls in the following wiggler and may cause the following problem: massive power dissipation on vacuum chamber walls inside the cryogenic vessel, radiation damage of superconducting coil, high photo-electron production rate that cause an e-cloud build-up to unacceptable level. Therefore this power should be absorbed in the places where these effects are tolerable or manageable. A few possible solutions for tackling all SR related problems as well as vacuum design are discussed in the paper in details., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan

The CLIC damping rings aim at unprecedented small normalized equilibrium emittances of 3.3 nm vertical and 550 nm horizontal, for a bunch charge of 2.6·109 particles and an energy of 2.4 GeV. In this parameter regime the dominant emittance growth mechanism is intra-beam scattering. Intense synchrotron radiation damping from wigglers is required to counteract its effect. Here the overall optimization of the wiggler parameters is described, taking into account state-of-the-art wiggler technologies, wiggler effects on dynamic aperture, and problems of wiggler radiation absorption. Two technical solutions, one based on superconducting magnet technology the other on permanent magnets are presented. Although dynamic aperture and tolerances of this ring design remain challenging, benefits are obtained from the strong damping. For optimized wigglers, only bunches for a single machine pulse may need to be stored, making injection/extraction particularly simple and limiting the synchrotron-radiation power. With a 365 m circumference the ring remains comparatively small.

Absorption of synchrotron radiation (SR) power generated by wigglers of damping rings is a difficult technical task. The CLIC damping ring operates with electron (or positron) beams with energy 2.424 GeV, average beam current is up to 150 mA. The 38 wigglers installed in one straight section of the CLIC damping ring produce radiation with a total power of about 122 kW. Power density at the end of the straight sections is about 75 W per square mm. Such a power density can destroy vacuum chambers, therefore a careful design and placement of appropriate radiation collimators and absorbers is required. In this paper we describe an algorithm to compute SR power density as well as options for safe absorption of SR power. All the calculations were performed for the current design of the CLIC damping ring and wigglers. Some related problems for absorption of high SR power are described.