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This paper investigates the effect of economic integration on the ability of firms to maintain a collusive understanding about staying out of each other?s markets. The paper distinguishes among different types of trade costs: ad valorem, unit, fixed. It is shown that for a sufficient reduction of ad valorem trade costs, a cartel supported by collusion on either quantities or prices will be weakened, thus integration is pro-competitive. If integration consists of a reductions in unit (fixed) trade costs a price setting cartel is strengthened (unaffected), while a quantity setting one is weakened.

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Wirkungen eines Importzolls auf die Beschäftigung und die Leistungsbilanz der kleinen offenen Wirtschaft. Ne- ben der makroökonomischen Totalanalyse von Zollwirkungen steht die mi- kroökonomische Fundierung des verwendeten Modells im Mittelpunkt. Die Wirkungen eines Importzolls auf die Beschäftigung und die Leistungsbilanz sind bei festem Wechselkurs und bei flexiblem Wechselkurs identisch: Der Im- portzoll hat keinen Einfluss auf die Beschäftigung. Der Importzoll verbessert die Leistungsbilanz.

With the help of a simple model of production and trade, we examine the differential impact of tariff escalation on skilled and unskilled wages in an economy. Our findings provide a lobbying-based explanation of the prevalence of tariff escalation in developed countries. It also predicts the possible response of a developing country and shows how similar lobbying activity in that country can slow the pace of liberalization of service sector trade.

A global analysis of the welfare effect of changes in tariffs is undertaken in multihousehold economy with any finite number of private and pure (nonexclusive and nonrivalrous) public goods. The sensitivity of the results to various methods of financing the production of public goods is examined in some detail. The concept of the extent of underproduction of public goods in more or less populous economies is made precise and then applied to the analysis of the welfare effects of tariff changes. A globally valid necessary and a sufficient condition for welfare improving tariff changes under different methods of financing are derived and interpreted.