Search

Some holoparasitic species can become cultivated plants due to their unique chemical composition. A lot of bioactive contents are characteristic for them. Holoparasites of the family Orobanchaceae are known to be an important and rich source of polyphenols, especially metabolites of the phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) group. However, only a minority of the species in this family have been phytochemically tested. They are reported to have multiple biological and therapeutic effects and have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. This is the first study to present phytochemical profiling for a representative of genus Phelypaea. The chemical composition and biological activity in particular organs of the parasite, P. tournefortii, were determined. The interaction with its host, Tanacetum polycephalum (Asteraceae), from different places and altitudes was also studied. We presented the determination of polyphenolic compounds with the UPLC-PDA-MS/MS method, antioxidative effects and inhibitory activities, polyphenols, and nitrates content, ABTS•+, DPPH, FRAP, as well as colour parameters. The polyphenols profile of the parasite and host were different in quality and quantity. Identification of polyphenolic compounds revealed 41 compounds, 15 in the parasite (12 phenylethanoids and 3 anthocyanins), and 26 in the host (mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids). The amount and biological activity of polyphenolic compounds present in Phelypaea was very diverse and depended on the host plant and the parasite’s organs, as well as on population altitude. The results show that P. tournefortii is a potential source of functional and pro-health components. They also direct researchers’ attention to the parasite’s organs, host, and environmental influence.

Carex pulicaris is considered an endangered species, and further losses are forecast under the influence of even moderate climate change. Local studies indicate that temporal declines in C. pulicaris abundance are positively correlated to decreases in precipitation and increases in air temperature. Determining ecological properties on larger scales than local ones can help develop effective protection programs for the species. We hypothesize that the local relationships observed between C. pulicaris abundance and precipitation, air temperature and soil properties will be confirmed in a spatially-oriented large-scale study performed in situ. Therefore, the present study takes a novel, large-scale integrated approach to (1) precisely characterize the ecological requirements of C. pulicaris within its eastern distribution range, and (2) determine the influence of its community type, soil properties and climatic conditions on its abundance. It was found that C. pulicaris is not a dominant or codominant species in the studied phytocoenoses in the eastern distribution range. Five natural vegetation groups including C. pulicaris, with significantly diverse species compositions, were resolved: well supported Estonian, Polish, Slovak and Radecz groups, and a weakly-supported Ambiguous group. The abundance of C. pulicaris was found to be positively correlated with the composition of the geographically-diversified plant communities and atmospheric precipitation, and to be also negatively associated with latitude and soil pH. Although the species is adapted to a relatively wide range of soil types, such adaptation requires appropriate substrate moisture level and light conditions. The species prefers moist organic and mineral soils and grows on both acid and neutral medium, characterized by a narrow C:N ratio, with various amounts of digestible total P, Mg and N, and low levels of digestible K. Climate change, manifested by reduced rainfall, may be one of the most important predictors negatively affecting the occurrence of C. pulicaris.

The aim of the study was to verify a hypothesis that the proximity of different ecosystems have an impact on the richness of flora in three forest patches in the Choszczno Forest Inspectorate (West Pomeranian Province in NW Poland). Between 2013–2015, the survey involved three areas with different adjacent ecosystems: forest, built−up area, and grassland. At each object we analyzed four test plots consisting of inner, middle and outer zones. The composition of tree, shrub, herbaceous, moss and lichen species was determined in each object, plot and zone. It was shown that adjacent ecosystems influenced the richness of flora in the analyzed forest areas. Differences in the numbers of species and in their habitat affiliation were also found between ecotone zones. The outer ecotone zone had the richest flora composition, particularly in terms of grassland species – present in 12 zones of all three objects.

Recently, the interest in mushroom consumption has been growing, since their taste and low calorific value are appreciated, but also due to their nutritional value. In determining the usefulness of mushrooms in the human diet, it is important to consider the conditions of their occurrence to perform the assessment of bioaccumulation of minerals. The aim of the study was: (a) to determine the content of selected macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) in fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis, Imleria badia, Leccinum scabrum and the soils, (b) to determine their bioaccumulation potential taking into account the habitat conditions, and (c) an attempt to estimate their role in covering the requirement for macronutrients of the human organism. The research material was obtained in the NW of Poland: Uznam and Wolin, the Drawa Plain and the Ińsko Lakeland. In the soil, we determined the content of organic matter, pH, salinity and the content of absorbable and general forms of macronutrients. The content of macronutrients in mushrooms was also determined. Chemical analyses were performed using the generally accepted test methods. The study showed that in NW Poland, B. edulis grew on the acidic soils of Arenosols, and I. badia and L. scabrum grew on Podzols. The uptake of K, Mg and Ca by the tested mushrooms was positively, and P and Na negatively correlated with the content of these elements in the soil. The acidity of the soil affected the uptake of K and Mg by mushrooms. There was no effect of the amount of organic matter in the soil noticed on the content of macronutrients (except sodium) in mushrooms. Among the studied macronutrients, none of the mushrooms accumulated Ca, while P and K were generally accumulated in the highest amounts, regardless of the species. Each of the other elements was usually accumulated at a similar level in the fruiting bodies of the species we studied. The exception was I. badia, which accumulated higher amounts of Mg compared to B. edulis and L. scabrum. Mushrooms can enrich the diet with some macronutrients, especially in P and K.

Suplementary materials Honey MG et al RESOURCES 2021 to article " Concentration of Micro- and Macroelements in Honey from the North-Western and Central Part of Poland in the Context of Atmospheric Air Pollution in Reference to European Union Countries".

Background Carex buxbaumii and C. hartmaniorum are sister species of the clade Papilliferae within the monophyletic section Racemosae. An unambiguous identification of these species is relatively difficult due to the interspecific continuum of some morphological characters as well as the intraspecific variability. The study was aimed at determining the range of variability, both morphological and genetic, within and between these two closely related and similar species. Methods The sedges were collected during botanical expeditions to Armenia, Estonia, the Netherlands, and Poland. The morphological separation of the two species and their populations was tested using the Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). The genetic variability of the 19 Carex populations was assessed in the presence of eight Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers. Results Results of the study indicate a considerable genetic affinity between the two sedge species (mean Si = 0.619). However, the populations of C. hartmaniorum are, morphologically and genetically, more homogenous than the populations of C. buxbaumii. Compared to C. hartmaniorum, C. buxbaumii usually has wider leaf blades, a shorter inflorescence, a lower number of spikes which are shorter, but wider, and longer bracts and utricles. The AMOVA showed a larger variation between the populations of C. buxbaumii, representing 25.65% of the total variation in the taxon. Two populations of C. buxbaumii (from Poland and Estonia) are separated from the remaining populations, both genetically and morphologically; their individuals show shorter utricles and glumes, compared to the typical specimens of C. buxbaumii, and correspond with the morphology of putative infraspecific taxa described by Cajander (var. brevisquamosa and var. confusa). Conclusions The taxonomic status of the putative infraspecific taxa within C. buxbaumii requires further studies throughout the distribution range of C. buxbaumii, addressing habitats, morphology and genetics (including a chromosome count or a combination of different genetic methods), particularly as the variability in C. buxbaumii may be associated with the species’ polyploid origin.

The paper contains results of mycological examinations conducted in the Wolin National Park from May to October 2017, and data previously unpublished. Exploration was carried out using the route method in the whole Park, with particular emphasis on its western part. The paper includes 205 taxa (25 from Ascomycota and 180 from Basidiomycota), including 32 new ones for the Wolin National Park. Among the identified taxa, 17 were threatened. The endangered species (Category E) were represented by Aleurodiscus disciformis, Calcipostia guttulata, and Geastrum triplex, the vulnerable species (V) included Inocybe grammata, Inocutis rheades, and Xylobolus frustulatus, and the rare species (R) consisted of 10 taxa, including Helvella lacunosa, Gloeoporus taxicola, Mycena crocata, Plicaturopsis crispa, and Pseudomerulius aureus. Some species are known only from a few sites in Poland, e.g., Hohenbuehelia auriscalpium and C. guttulata. Currently, the number of macromycetes species known from the Wolin National Park is 508.

The study was performed on Centaurea cyanus, Chamomilla recutita, Majorana hortensis, Ocimum basilicum, Plantago lanceolata, Sinapis alba, and Valeriana officinalis harvested in Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine. Our aim was to determine the differences in selenium concentrations, total polyphenols, and the antioxidant activity in same-species samples from different regions. Another goal was to assess the correlations between these variables within the species. We found variations in most species, but not in all regions of harvesting. In four of the six species from Ukraine, we observed the highest concentration of Se. The selenium concentrations ranged from 15&ndash, 182 &micro, g/kg DW, and the greatest variation between the regions occurred in S. alba. The level of polyphenols was 5.52&ndash, 53.25 mg TAE/100 g DW, and the largest differences between the sampling regions occurred in P. lanceolata and O. basilicum. ABTS radicals scavenging ability ranged from 5.20&ndash, 59.79 &mu, M AAE/100 g DW, while the FRAP potential was 13.56&ndash, 409.14 &mu, M FeE/100 g DW. The largest differences in antioxidant activity were found in O. basilicum and M. hortensis. Pearson&rsquo, s correlation coefficients indicate that polyphenols may be responsible for antioxidant activity in Ch. recutita, O. basilicum, and V. officinalis, and selenium is responsible for antioxidant activity in M. hortensis. However, both polyphenols and selenium play a role in the antioxidant properties of C. cyanus and P. lanceolata. Also, selenium in C. cyanus and Ch. recutita may affect the level of total polyphenols. The examined species may supplement the human diet with exogenous antioxidants.

Birch bog is formed on the margins of or within raised bogs, on secondary habitats. The study aim was to understand the vegetation and mycological diversity of birch bog on the background of habitat conditions on raised bogs subject to anthropogenic changes, including 15 areas located on seven bogs. Two of the analyzed areas were located on a peat bog not subject to human impact. Phytosociological and mycosociological relev&eacute, s were taken and substrate analyses were carried out (pH, humidity, N-NH4, N-NO2, N-NO3 and P-PO4). Based on habitat predictors, two area groups were distinguished, differing primarily in humidity. More humid habitats were present on the margins of bogs, and were characterized by lower acidity and higher N-NH4 and P-PO4 abundance. Despite the fact they were enriched by runoffs from the neighboring arable fields, this was not always reflected in the plant and fungi species richness. Quercus robur appeared on less humid habitats, which may be a symptom of unfavorable changes toward habitat drying. In the majority of cases, changes in the habitat independent of the birch patches located and the human impact type are not yet reflected in the vegetation. However, they may be indicated by the fungal diversity, highest in former peat extraction pits, and lowest in pristine peat.

The holoparasitic genus Cistanche (Orobanchaceae) has been the most widely used and well known genus in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. This is the first study that reports the phytochemical profile of Cistanche armena - an endemic species from Armenia and evaluates the composition and biological activity in relation to specific organs of the parasite (flowers vs stem with tuber) and its interaction with two host species: Alhagi maurorum (Fabaceae) and Salsola dendroides (Chenopodiaceae). We identified polyphenolic compounds using the UPLC-PDA-MS/MS method and quantified the antioxidative effects; inhibitory activities; polyphenol, nitrate III and nitrate V contents; ABTS+, DPPH, and FRAP activities; and colour parameters. A total of 28 polyphenolic compounds were tentatively identified. In C. armena, 9 compounds belonged to the phenylethanoid glycosides, mainly acteoside, B-hydroxyverbascoside and echinacoside, and in its hosts, 19 compounds belonged mainly to hydroxycinnamic acid and the flavanols. The profile of polyphenols in the host species was qualitatively and quantitatively different than the profile of the compounds in the parasite; this indicates the existence of a unique pathway of compound biosynthesis in the parasite. The colour and the amount and bioactivity of the polyphenolic compounds found in Cistanche were very diverse and depended on both the host plant and their location (organs) in the parasite. The stem and tuber of Cistanche hosted by Salsola had the highest polyphenol content, which was approximately 4 times higher than that in the stem and flowers of Cistanche individuals that parasitized A. maurorum. In addition, the stem and tuber of Cistanche that parasitized S. dendroides was characterized by the highest antioxidant activity (ABTS+, DPPH and FRAP) and high inhibitory activities. Conversely, the amount of polyphenols in the host Alhagi was 12 times higher than that in S. dendroides. These results highlight the importance of C. armena as a promising source of functional and bioactive ingredients (harvested from potential cultivation, not from natural endangered localities) and also draws the attention of future researchers to an important aspect regarding the parasite organ and the host's influence on the harvested material of various parasitic herbs.

Raised and transitional peat bogs, despite their considerable resistance to synanthropization, as a result of anthropogenic transformations are exposed to the colonisation by alien species. One of them is the peatland “Roby”, where, in the years 2007-2009 and 2014, floristic, phytosociological and soil studies were carried out in order to record the signs of ongoing synanthropization. Conducted observations and analyses indicated that the expansion of willows has taken place and at present they occupy a large part of the bog, encroaching into bog birch forest and successfully competing with Myrica gale. Progressive peat mineralisation and constructed surfaced roads within the bog, contributed to the appearance and wide distribution of synanthropic species, such as: Urtica dioica, Impatiens parviflora and Spiraea salicifolia. Raised bog communities and their characteristic species occur on a few fragments of the bog, in north-western part, where water regime is shaped mainly by precipitation and peat deposit is fairly well-preserved. At the same time, in the patches of these communities, a distinct unfavourable increase in the share of Molinia caerulea is observed.

In Western Pomerania, as in other areas of Europe, alien species play an increasingly important role. In particular, invasive plants tend to spread rapidly and in large numbers which may reduce diversity of native species, leading to the phenomenon of “trivialisation of flora”, and transform ecosystems. The list of invasive species (32 taxa) includes alien species occurring throughout Western Pomerania, and penetrating natural or semi-natural habitats. The second group consists of potentially invasive species (23 taxa), i.e. those distributed across the area under study and tending to increase the number of their localities in semi-natural and natural habitats, taxa invasive only locally, as well as species with missing data, which does not currently allow including them into the first group. Invasive weeds, as well as some epecophytes and archaeophytes occurring only on anthropogenic sites and tending to spread, were not taken into account. Among hemiagriophytes, the most common and troublesome ones are: Conyza canadensis, Erigeron annuus, Lolium multiflorum, Lupinus polyphyllus, Solidago canadensis, S. gigantea. Among holoagriophytes, i.e. the taxa which received the highest naturalisation status, very expansive species, successful in land colonisation, like Acer negundo, Bidens frondosa, B. connata, Clematis vitalba, Elodea canadensis, Epilobium ciliatum, Heracleum sosnowskyi, Impatiens glandulifera, I. parviflora, Padus serotina, Quercus rubra and Robinia pseudoacacia, should be given particular attention. Among the invasive and potentially invasive species, most taxa penetrate plant communities of the Artemisietea and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class, followed by Querco-Fagetea, Vaccinio-Piceetea, Stellarietea mediae, Salicetea purpurae and Koelerio-Corynophoretea. The number of invasive species is twice as high when compared to the situation of these species in Poland; on the contrary, the number of species inhabiting anthropogenic, semi-natural and natural habitats is two times lower, while that of holoagriophytes and hemiagriophytes is 56.3% and 43.7%, respectively. It seems that in the case of some invasive and potentially invasive species, a decrease in the number of their locations may be observed from the west to the east (e.g. for Acer negundo, Bromus carinatus, Clematis vitalba, Helianthus tuberosus, Lycium barbarum, Reynoutria japonica, Rosa rugosa, Vicia grandiflora). Distribution patterns for some species (e.g. for Parthenocytisus inserta or Xanthium albinum) are indicative of a likely major role of the Odra River valley in the spreading of invasive species. It should be kept in mind that the area of the North-West Poland is poorly examined in terms of its flora, so the results provided in this paper are tentative. Nevertheless, the maps illustrate colonisation trends and directions and, moreover, have been so far the only attempt to synthesise this problem in NW Poland.

Leccinum variicolor Watling is widespread but it is a rare species in Poland and some other countries, and is either protected or red-listed. This paper describes the morphology and ecology of L. variicolor as well as its distribution in Poland.

The substrate and especially its reaction is the most important aspect affecting the success of highbush blueberry cultivation. The limited availability of suitable soils forces producers to look for alternative cultivation methods. The substrates can be used in a variety of growing systems, including forming substrates in the mound form or filling with them trenches. Both systems require different outlays to set up a plantation. They also create different conditions for plant growth.The experiment evaluated the yield, chemical composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) of highbush blueberry leaves and fruits and changes in chemical composition of soil and substrate during cultivation (pH, general and available mineral nutrients). The research materials were collected at a research station of the West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin in Poland in 2014-2016. Two-year-old bushes of the 'Brigitta Blue' were planted in 2012. In the field experiment, sawdust, peat and cocoa husk were used in the cultivation in the flat (trenches with a depth of 35 cm and a width of 100 cm) and mound systems (with 35 cm in height and 100 cm in width). The blueberries used for growing sawdust, peat and cocoa husk substrates had a different chemical composition. The most suitable conditions for the growth of blueberries were provided by sawdust and peat substrates and the worst of cocoa husk. The cocoa husk substrate had a high pH and was resistant to changes in reaction (start 6.58; end 6.32–6.61 in KCl). It was also characterized by excessive abundance in macroelements. The growth of bushes was the weakest and yielding at a low level (0.39–0.53 kg per bush). The substrate of sawdust was more prone to lowering the pH (6.12; end 4.15–4.53 in KCl). Peat pH was stable during the experiment. Better grew and yielded bushes resulted when planted in peat in the flat system, or in sawdust in the mound system. The mound cultivation system had a more favorable effect on the substrate's chemical properties than the flat soil system. In general, in the flat cultivation system, the plants took better off the macro and micronutrients from the tested substrates. Due to the lower workload, it is recommended to prepare the plantations for growing highbush blueberries in the mound system. The mound cultivation system shaped the chemical properties of substrates more advantageously than the flat system. Sawdust and peat affected the soil negatively - mainly for lowering pH and mineral composition. Larger changes were found in the mounds cultivation system.

Species distribution models are scarcely applicable to invasive species because of their breaking of the models' assumptions. So far, few mechanistic, semi-mechanistic or statistical solutions like dispersal constraints or propagule limitation have been applied. We evaluated a novel quasi-semi-mechanistic approach for regional scale models, using historical proximity variables (HPV) representing a state of the population in a given moment in the past. Our aim was to test the effects of addition of HPV sets of different minimal recentness, information capacity and the total number of variables on the quality of the species distribution model for Heracleum mantegazzianum on 116000 km2 in Poland. As environmental predictors, we used fragments of 103 1×1 km, world- wide, free-access rasters from WorldGrids.org. Single and ensemble models were computed using BIOMOD2 package 3.1.47 working in R environment 3.1.0. The addition of HPV improved the quality of single and ensemble models from poor to good and excellent. The quality was the highest for the variants with HPVs based on the distance from the most recent past occurrences. It was mostly affected by the algorithm type, but all HPV traits (minimal recentness, information capacity, model type or the number of the time periods) were significantly important determinants. The addition of HPVs improved the quality of current projections, raising the occurrence probability in regions where the species had occurred before. We conclude that HPV addition enables semi-realistic estimation of the rate of spread and can be applied to the short-term forecasting of invasive or declining species, which also break equal-dispersal probability assumptions.

This paper presents the distribution dynamics, soil and phytocoenotical conditions of the occurrence of Carex pulicaris and Pedicularis sylvatica at the margin of their range in NW Poland. Dynamic cartograms of these species were made on the basis of our field studies and available contemporary and historical records. The studies showed that the plants grow on organic hemic-muck soils, mucky soils and typical muckous soils. The occurrence of these two species on different types of soils proves that they are able to adapt easily to varying habitat conditions of post-bog areas. Populations of C. pulicaris and P. sylvatica were most frequently not numerous and occurred in small community patches. Analyzed phytocoenoses with C. pulicaris have been classified as the community of the alliance Caricion davallianae or the alliance Molinion. Phytocoenoses with P. sylvatica are represented by the association Nardo-Juncetum squarrosi and the community of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. The distribution dynamics of these species shows that they are disappearing from some parts of this region, which proves the recessive trends. This process is more intensive for P. sylvatica, which should be included in the red list of Polish plants like C. pulicaris. The disappearance of the populations of both species has been caused by worsening habitat conditions (insufficient moisture, eutrophication), expansion of competitive plant species and land abandonment.

Sotek, Z.: Distribution changes of endangered peatland vascular plants in Western Pomerania (Poland). – Plant Div. Evol. 129: 317–327. 2011. – ISSN 1869-6155. Peatland degradation destroys the habitats of rare and endangered plants, which is reflected in the decrease of their local range. This paper discusses how the distribution of the vascular plant species Carex pulicaris and Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum has changed in Western Pomerania, Poland, since the 19 th century. These species are especially affected by peatland melioration and the resulting encroachment by tall perennials and shrubs.

Ascocoryne turficola, one of the rarest fungi in Europe, has been recorded for the first time in Poland. Its distribution presented on the map, ecological notes and morphology of ascocarps are based on the authors' own material.

Natural conditions for the reconstruction of fish ponds and possibilities of their use in ecotourism The paper comprises an analysis of the environmental impact of restoring small water retention in the Świergotka River. Hampering water flow due to river damming by 0.5 m and reconstruction of ponds will have a favourable effect on the valley's nature but may result in excessive water eutrophication in case of using these reservoirs for fish-farming.

nej..” urzeczywistnianym – zdaniem tego autora – „w wielu poźniejszych monografiach geobotanicznych”. Treśc zasygnalizowanej ksiązki Z. Sotek obejmuje zagadnienia: chorologii, historii oraz dynamiki flory naczyniowej torfowiskowych roślin Pomorza. Tak nakreśloną tematyką Autorka objela 83 gatunki dwoch fitosocjologicznych klas: Oxycocco-Sphagnetea i Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae. Rozprawe podzielono na siedem ponumerowanych rozdzialow, poprzedzonych niedlugim streszczeniem oraz spisem treści, cześcią zamykającą jest wykaz piśmiennictwa oraz bogaty (s. 54-82) aneks tekstowo-ilustracyjny. Cztery pierwsze rozdzialy (o lącznej objetości okolo 15% ksiązki) obejmują wprowadzenie, ogolną charakterystyke dwoch „torfowiskowych” klas fitosocjologicznych, opis obszaru badan i zastosowane metody. Dwa kolejne, zbyt lakonicznie zatytulowane rozdzialy: (5 i 6) wypelniają strony 14-43 i nalezą do najobszerniejszych (25% objetości ksiązki) w ponumerowanym dziale rozprawy. Konkluzje, podziekowania i piśmiennictwo (ponad 280 pozycji) mieszczą sie na stronach 43-53. Okolo 1/3 objetości Autorka przeznaczyla wzmiankowanemu wcześniej kartograficzno-tekstowemu aneksowi. Zawiera on kartogramy wszystkich analizowanych gatunkow roślin oraz dwie mapy. Integralną cześcią kazdego kartogramu jest zwiezly objaśniający tekst. Na stronach formatu A4 zamieszczono po trzy kartogramy wraz z przynaleznymi im tekstami. Do wazniejszych objaśnien nalezą: element i podelement geograficzny, rozmieszczenie w Polsce, obecnośc na Pomorzu, wystepowanie w glownych zbiorowiskach roślinnych, formy zyciowe Raunkiaera, zapylenie i rozsiewanie. Konstrukcja rozprawy jest poprawna. Gdyby nie rygory wydawnictwa, a takze dzisiejsze zwyczaje redakcji niektorych czasopism naukowych, w kilku miejscach zastosowalbym tradycyjne, bardziej przejrzyste ujecia oraz klarowniejsze naglowki, na przyklad w miejsce „Results” (5) oraz „Discussion” (6). Te uwagi zadną miarą nie obciązają Autorki, niestety staly sie signum obecnego czasu. Do glownych zagadnien rozprawy nalezą: określenie fitogeograficznej roznorodności torfowiskowych roślin naczyniowych Pomorza na przykladzie obu wymienionych klas, a takze prześledzenie historii ich postglacjalnych migracji oraz ocena dynamicznych trendow wybranych gatunkow. Analizą fitogeograficzną i epiontologiczną Autorka objela 83 gatunki roślin torfowiskowych. Dwanaście z nich nalezy do Oxycocco-Sphagnetea, natomiast pośrod skladnikow drugiej klasy – Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae wybrano 71 gatunkow. Wstepną analize Autorka rozpoczela od liczby 110 gatunkow, miedzy innymi – co mnie zdziwilo – z rozwazan zostala wylączona zurawina drobnolistkowa Oxycoccus microcarpus. Dośc znaczny komplet materialow florystycznych pochodzil z wlasnych zbiorow autorki oraz z wielu źrodel, poczynając od najstarszych danych z początkow XIX wieku. Wlasne notowania terenowe i alegaty zielnikowe byly gromadzone w latach 1999-2008. Zamieszczone w rozprawie Distribution patterns, history and dynamics of peatland vascular plants in Pomerania (NW Poland)

This study was conducted in a drained, exploited, and afforested Baltic bog Bagno Kusowo, located in North West Poland. The study aimed (i) to assess if human activity has a stronger impact on tree-ring width of Pinus sylvestris than climatic conditions in this transformed Baltic bog; (ii) to investigate how much the human modification of the ecosystem has influenced tree growth; (iii) to use this knowledge to reconstruct changes in the ecosystem further back in time, in the study area and its immediate neighbourhood. Wood samples for dendrochronological analyses were collected from 45 trees. Next, using classic dating methods and standard procedures (cross-dating methods, COFECHA program), chronologies were constructed (raw tree-ring width and residual chronologies: de-trended, autocorrelation removed, ARSTAN program). They formed a basis for further analyses: signature years, correlation and response function, as well as percentage growth change. The results of dendroclimatological analyses show weak increment–climate relationships and the analysis of weather conditions in the identified signature years did not detect any unambiguous relations with tree-ring width. However, results of the analyses indicate that the dominant factors affecting tree growth dynamics in the bog are changes in the hydrological system. Moreover, our results show many phases of human impact on environmental changes. Dendrochronological methods, combined with an analysis of old maps and other historical records, allowed us to reconstruct transformations of the ecosystem with a high resolution.

The paper presents results of mycological research carried out in the “Torfowisko Toporzyk” nature reserve (NW Poland), in the years 2004–2009. As a result of the studies, 216 fungal species were identified, 17 Ascomycota and 199 Basidiomycota. Twenty of the recorded species are included on the Polish red list of macrofungi, e.g. Cortinarius violaceus, Lactarius lacunarum, Mycena megaspora and Suillus flavidus. Among the plant associations, Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum (87 species) and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis (77), turned out to be the richest in fungi, whereas the fewest taxa were found in Rhynchosporetum albae (8).

Na terenie rezerwatu przyrody „Świdwie” w ciągu niespełna roku i przy niekorzystnych warunkach klimatycznych stwierdzono łącznie 117 taksonów grzybów, w tym pięć znajdujących się na czerwonej liście grzybów wielkoowocnikowych w Polsce. Większość z odnotowanych tam gatunków grzybów makroskopijnych charakteryzuje się dość szeroką skalą ekologiczną. Jednak znaczna różnorodność macromycetes rezerwatu, jak i udział taksonów zagrożonych i chronionych wskazują na dużą wartość przyrodniczą tego obiektu, nie tylko pod względem faunistycznym. Z drugiej strony biologia tej grupy organizmów i wynikająca z niej konieczność prowadzenia przynajmniej kilkuletnich obserwacji powodują, że uzyskane wyniki stanowią jedynie kolejny przyczynek do znajomości mycobioty rezerwatu. Liczba występujących tam taksonów grzybów jest zapewne znacznie większa, co na pewno znajdzie odzwierciedlenie w dalszych badaniach.