1,367 results on '"Zlotnikov, A."'
Search Results
2. On the frame property of Hermite functions and analytic extensions of their frame sets
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Faulhuber, Markus, Shafkulovska, Irina, and Zlotnikov, Ilya
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Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,42C15, 33C45 - Abstract
We study Gabor frames with Hermite window functions. Gr\"ochenig and Lyubarskii provided a sufficient density condition for their frame sets, which leads to what we call the ``safety region". For rectangular lattices and Hermite windows of order 4 and higher, we enlarge this safety region by providing new points on the boundary of this region. For this purpose, we employ the Janssen representation of the frame operator to compare its distance to the identity in the operator norm. The calculations lead to estimates on series involving Laguerre polynomials with Gaussian weight functions., Comment: 25 pages, 40 references
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- 2024
3. Investigating Why Clinicians Deviate from Standards of Care: Liberating Patients from Mechanical Ventilation in the ICU
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Yildirim, Nur, Zlotnikov, Susanna, Venkat, Aradhana, Chawla, Gursimran, Kim, Jennifer, Bukowski, Leigh A., Kahn, Jeremy M., McCann, James, and Zimmerman, John
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Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction - Abstract
Clinical practice guidelines, care pathways, and protocols are designed to support evidence-based practices for clinicians; however, their adoption remains a challenge. We set out to investigate why clinicians deviate from the ``Wake Up and Breathe'' protocol, an evidence-based guideline for liberating patients from mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). We conducted over 40 hours of direct observations of live clinical workflows, 17 interviews with frontline care providers, and 4 co-design workshops at three different medical intensive care units. Our findings indicate that unlike prior literature suggests, disagreement with the protocol is not a substantial barrier to adoption. Instead, the uncertainty surrounding the application of the protocol for individual patients leads clinicians to deprioritize adoption in favor of tasks where they have high certainty. Reflecting on these insights, we identify opportunities for technical systems to help clinicians in effectively executing the protocol and discuss future directions for HCI research to support the integration of protocols into clinical practice in complex, team-based healthcare settings., Comment: to appear at CHI 2024
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- 2024
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4. Sketching AI Concepts with Capabilities and Examples: AI Innovation in the Intensive Care Unit
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Yildirim, Nur, Zlotnikov, Susanna, Sayar, Deniz, Kahn, Jeremy M., Bukowski, Leigh A., Amin, Sher Shah, Riman, Kathryn A., Davis, Billie S., Minturn, John S., King, Andrew J., Ricketts, Dan, Tang, Lu, Sivaraman, Venkatesh, Perer, Adam, Preum, Sarah M., McCann, James, and Zimmerman, John
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Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction - Abstract
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled unprecedented capabilities, yet innovation teams struggle when envisioning AI concepts. Data science teams think of innovations users do not want, while domain experts think of innovations that cannot be built. A lack of effective ideation seems to be a breakdown point. How might multidisciplinary teams identify buildable and desirable use cases? This paper presents a first hand account of ideating AI concepts to improve critical care medicine. As a team of data scientists, clinicians, and HCI researchers, we conducted a series of design workshops to explore more effective approaches to AI concept ideation and problem formulation. We detail our process, the challenges we encountered, and practices and artifacts that proved effective. We discuss the research implications for improved collaboration and stakeholder engagement, and discuss the role HCI might play in reducing the high failure rate experienced in AI innovation., Comment: to appear at CHI 2024
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- 2024
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5. Sampling in quasi shift-invariant spaces and Gabor frames generated by ratios of exponential polynomials
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Ulanovskii, Alexander and Zlotnikov, Ilya
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Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Mathematics - Complex Variables ,42C15, 42C40, 94A20 - Abstract
We introduce two families of generators (functions) $\mathcal{G}$ that consist of entire and meromorphic functions enjoying a certain periodicity property and contain the classical Gaussian and hyperbolic secant generators. Sharp results are proved on the density of separated sets that provide non-uniform sampling for the shift-invariant and quasi shift-invariant spaces generated by elements of these families. As an application, we obtain new sharp results on the density of semi-regular lattices for the Gabor frames generated by elements from these families., Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure
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- 2024
6. A note on energy minimization in dimension 2
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Faulhuber, Markus, Shafkulovska, Irina, and Zlotnikov, Ilia
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Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Mathematical Physics ,Mathematics - Metric Geometry ,52C25, 74G65 - Abstract
Proving the universal optimality of the hexagonal lattice is one of the big open challenges of nowadays mathematics. We show that the hexagonal lattice outperforms certain "natural" classes of periodic configurations. Also, we rule out the option that the canonical non-lattice rival -- the honeycomb -- has lower energy than the hexagonal lattice at any scale., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, 21 references
- Published
- 2023
7. Sampling in the shift-invariant space generated by the bivariate Gaussian function
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Romero, José Luis, Ulanovskii, Alexander, and Zlotnikov, Ilya
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Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Mathematics - Complex Variables ,42C40, 42C30, 94A20, 32A10, 30H05, 30B60 - Abstract
We study the space spanned by the integer shifts of a bivariate Gaussian function and the problem of reconstructing any function in that space from samples scattered across the plane. We identify a large class of lattices, or more generally semi-regular sampling patterns spread along parallel lines, that lead to stable reconstruction while having densities close to the critical value given by Landau's limit. At the critical density, we construct examples of sampling patterns for which reconstruction fails. In the same vein, we also investigate continuous sampling along non-uniformly scattered families of parallel lines and identify the threshold density of line configurations at which reconstruction is possible. In a remarkable contrast with Paley-Wiener spaces, the results are completely different for lines with rational or irrational slopes. Finally, we apply the sampling results to Gabor systems with bivariate Gaussian windows. As a main contribution, we provide a large list of new examples of Gabor frames with non-complex lattices having volume close to 1., Comment: Extension to other generators (including hyperbolic secant) added in Sec. 8
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- 2023
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8. Model-Free Market Risk Hedging Using Crowding Networks
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Zlotnikov, Vadim, Liu, Jiayu, Halperin, Igor, He, Fei, and Huang, Lisa
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Quantitative Finance - Portfolio Management ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Quantitative Finance - General Finance ,Quantitative Finance - Risk Management - Abstract
Crowding is widely regarded as one of the most important risk factors in designing portfolio strategies. In this paper, we analyze stock crowding using network analysis of fund holdings, which is used to compute crowding scores for stocks. These scores are used to construct costless long-short portfolios, computed in a distribution-free (model-free) way and without using any numerical optimization, with desirable properties of hedge portfolios. More specifically, these long-short portfolios provide protection for both small and large market price fluctuations, due to their negative correlation with the market and positive convexity as a function of market returns. By adding our long-short portfolio to a baseline portfolio such as a traditional 60/40 portfolio, our method provides an alternative way to hedge portfolio risk including tail risk, which does not require costly option-based strategies or complex numerical optimization. The total cost of such hedging amounts to the total cost of rebalancing the hedge portfolio., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures
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- 2023
9. Sketching AI Concepts with Capabilities and Examples: AI Innovation in the Intensive Care Unit.
- Author
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Nur Yildirim, Susanna Zlotnikov, Deniz Sayar, Jeremy M. Kahn, Leigh A. Bukowski, Sher Shah Amin, Kathryn A. Riman, Billie S. Davis, John S. Minturn, Andrew J. King, Dan Ricketts, Lu Tang 0003, Venkatesh Sivaraman, Adam Perer, Sarah Masud Preum, James McCann, and John Zimmerman
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- 2024
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10. Investigating Why Clinicians Deviate from Standards of Care: Liberating Patients from Mechanical Ventilation in the ICU.
- Author
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Nur Yildirim, Susanna Zlotnikov, Aradhana Venkat, Gursimran Chawla, Jennifer Kim, Leigh A. Bukowski, Jeremy M. Kahn, James McCann, and John Zimmerman
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- 2024
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11. Effect of local Coulomb interaction on Majorana corner modes: weak and strong correlation limits
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Aksenov, S. V., Fedoseev, A. D., Shustin, M. S., and Zlotnikov, A. O.
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity - Abstract
Here we present an analysis of the evolution of Majorana corner modes realizing in a higher-order topological superconductor (HOTSC) on a square lattice under the influence of local Coulomb repulsion. The HOTSC spectral properties were considered in two regimes: when the intensities of many-body interactions are either weak or strong. The weak regime was studied using the mean-field approximation with self-consistent solutions carried out both in the uniform case and taking into account of the boundary of the finite square-shaped system. It is shown that in the uniform case the topologically nontrivial phase on the phase diagram is widened by the Coulomb repulsion. The boundary effect, resulting in an inhomogeneous spatial distribution of the correlators, leads to the appearance of the crossover from the symmetric spin-independent solution to the spin-dependent one characterized by a spontaneously broken symmetry. In the former the corner states have energies that are determined by the overlap of the excitation wave functions localized at the different corners. In the latter the corner excitation energy is defined by the Coulomb repulsion intensity with a quadratic law. The crossover is a finite size effect, i.e. the larger the system the lesser the critical value of the Coulomb repulsion. In the strong repulsion regime we derive the effective HOTSC Hamiltonian in the atomic representation and found a rich variety of interactions induced by virtual processes between the lower and upper Hubbard subbands. It is shown that Majorana corner modes still can be realized in the limit of the infinite repulsion. Although the boundaries of the topologically nontrivial phase are strongly renormalized by Hubbard corrections., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures
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- 2022
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12. Completeness of Certain Exponential Systems and Zeros of Lacunary Polynomials
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Kulikov, Aleksei, Ulanovskii, Alexander, and Zlotnikov, Ilya
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Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Mathematics - Complex Variables ,Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,42A65, 42A10, 42C15, 15B48 - Abstract
Let $\Gamma$ be a subset of $\{0,1,2,...\}$. We show that if $\Gamma$ has `gaps' then the completeness and frame properties of the system $\{t^ke^{2\pi i nt}: n\in\mathbb{Z},k\in\Gamma\}$ differ from those of the classical exponential systems. This phenomenon is closely connected with the existence of certain uniqueness sets for lacunary polynomials., Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure
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- 2022
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13. Inflation Alternative via the Gravitational Field of a Singularity
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Zlotnikov, Michael
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We explore the scenario that the observable universe emerged from the vicinity of a negative mass ring singularity, and all content of the universe travels at the same group velocity close to the speed of light on a geodesic trajectory along the axis of rotation of the singularity. In appropriate coordinate parametrization and evaluated on the trajectory, we find that the metric tensor in the vicinity of the trajectory exhibits a conformal scale factor $a(\eta)$ with contraction and subsequent expansion properties that solve the horizon problem. We then introduce a static flow of gravitating radiation along the trajectory (perturbatively with respect to the mass scale of the singularity) to model a homogeneous radiation dominated universe. Solving the Einstein field equations with a physically motivated ansatz of metric perturbation then reveals that the effective conformal scale factor indeed grows asymptotically with the same power law as expected in a conventional radiation dominated universe., Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures
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- 2022
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14. Contractive projections in Paley-Wiener spaces
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Kulikov, Aleksei and Zlotnikov, Ilya
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Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,Mathematics - Complex Variables ,47H09, 42A38 - Abstract
Let $S_1$ and $S_2$ be disjoint finite unions of parallelepipeds. We describe necessary and sufficient conditions on the sets $S_1,S_2$ and exponents $p$ such that the canonical projection $P$ from $PW_{S_1\cup S_2}^p$ to $PW_{S_1}^p$ is a contraction.
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- 2022
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15. Topological superconductivity and Majorana states in low-dimensional systems
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Val'kov, V. V., Shustin, M. S., Aksenov, S. V., Zlotnikov, A. O., Fedoseev, A. D., Mitskan, V. A., and Kagan, M. Yu.
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity - Abstract
We discuss the properties of topologically nontrivial superconducting phases and the conditions for their realization in condensed matter, and the principles for identifying Majorana bound states (MBSs). Along with the well-known Kitaev chain and superconducting nanowire (SW) models with spin-orbit coupling in an external magnetic field, we discuss models of quasi-2D materials in which MBSs are realized in the presence of noncollinear spin ordering. For finite-length SWs, we demonstrate a cascade of quantum transitions occurring with a change in the magnetic field, accompanied by a change in the fermion parity of the ground state. The corresponding anomalous behavior of the magnetocaloric effect can be used as a tool for identifying MBSs. We devote considerable attention to the analysis of the transport characteristics of devices that contain topologically nontrivial materials. The results of studying the conductance of an Aharonov-Bohm ring whose arms are connected by an SW are discussed in detail. An important feature of this device is the appearance of Fano resonances in the dependence of conductance on the magnetic field when the SW is in a topologically nontrivial phase. We establish a relation between the characteristics of such resonances and the spatial structure of the lowest-energy SW state. The conditions for the occurrence of an MBS in the phase of the coexistence of chiral $d+id$ superconductivity and 120-degree spin ordering are determined in the framework of the $t-J-V$ model on a triangular lattice. We take electron-electron interactions into account in discussing the topological invariants of low-dimensional superconducting materials with noncollinear spin ordering. The formation of Majorana modes in regions with an odd value of a topological $\mathbb{Z}$ invariant is demonstrated. The spatial structure of these excitations in the Hubbard fermion ensemble is determined., Comment: 114 pages, 31 figures
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- 2022
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16. Majorana vortex modes in spin-singlet chiral superconductors with noncollinear spin ordering: Local density of states study
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Zlotnikov, A. O.
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
In the present study topologically nontrivial edge and vortex bound states are described in the coexistence phase of chiral spin-singlet superconductivity and noncollinear spin ordering on a triangular lattice in the presence of few (up to four) vortices. We consider the topological phase transition induced by the magnetic order between the phase hosting Majorana modes and the initial phase of the chiral d-wave superconductivity supporting non-Majorana modes which is also topologically nontrivial. The change of the excitation spectrum at the critical point is obtained in both cases of open and periodic boundary conditions in the presence of vortices. It is proved that zero energy Majorana modes localized at vortex cores are caused by noncollinear long-range magnetic ordering. Even though nearby excitation energies of subgap states including the edge-localized and vortex-localized states are very close to each other, the energy difference between different vortex bound states is an order of magnitude higher. This difference determines the energy gap for Majorana vortex modes separating them from other vortex bound states. It is found that even in the presence of noncollinear spin ordering its value can be estimated from the excitation energy of vortex bound states in the pure chiral d-wave state for the nonmagnetic case. By studying local density of states near the vortex cores the possibility to experimentally detect the described Majorana vortex modes by scanning tunneling microscopy is discussed. It is demonstrated that Majorana vortex modes and Majorana antivortex modes induced by noncollinear magnetism have different features in energy and spatially resolved density of states due to the chiral symmetry on the superconducting order parameter., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, revised version, accepted in Physical Review B
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- 2022
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17. Untangling the Mechanisms of Lattice Distortions in Biogenic Crystals across Scales
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Schoeppler, Vanessa, Cook, Phil K, Detlefs, Carsten, Demichelis, Raffaella, and Zlotnikov, Igor
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Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry ,Engineering ,Chemical Sciences ,Animals ,Bivalvia ,Calcium Carbonate ,Minerals ,biomineralization ,calcite ,crystal growth ,dark-field X-ray microscopy ,lattice disorder ,Physical Sciences ,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology ,Chemical sciences ,Physical sciences - Abstract
Biomineralized structures are complex functional hierarchical assemblies composed of biomineral building blocks joined together by an organic phase. The formation of individual mineral units is governed by the cellular tissue component that orchestrates the process of biomineral nucleation, growth, and morphogenesis. These processes are imprinted in the structural, compositional, and crystallographic properties of the emerging biominerals on all scales. Measurement of these properties can provide crucial information on the mechanisms that are employed by the organism to form these complex 3D architectures and to unravel principles of their functionality. Nevertheless, so far, this has only been possible at the macroscopic scale, by averaging the properties of the entire composite assembly, or at the mesoscale, by looking at extremely small parts of the entire picture. In this study, the newly developed synchrotron-based dark-field X-ray microscopy method is employed to study the link between 3D crystallographic properties of relatively large calcitic prisms in the shell of the mollusc Pinna nobilis and their local lattice properties with extremely high angular resolution down to 0.001°. Mechanistic links between variations in local lattice parameters and spacing, crystal orientation, chemical composition, and the deposition process of the entire mineral unit are unraveled.
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- 2022
18. Elastic constants of biogenic calcium carbonate
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Best, Richard Johannes, Sotnikov, Andrei, Schmidt, Hagen, and Zlotnikov, Igor
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- 2024
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19. Interplay between Magnetism and Topology in MnBi2Te4
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Val’kov, V. V., Zlotnikov, A. O., and Gamov, A.
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- 2023
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20. Sharp multiplicative inequalities with $\mathrm{BMO}$ $\mathrm{II}$
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Vasyunin, Vasily, Zatitskiy, Pavel, and Zlotnikov, Ilya
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Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,42B35, 60G45 - Abstract
We find the best possible constant $C$ in the inequality $$\|\varphi\|_{L^r}^{\phantom{\frac{p}{r}}}\leq C\|\varphi\|_{L^p}^{\frac{p}{r}}\|\varphi\|_{\mathrm{BMO}}^{1-\frac{p}{r}}$$ for all possible values of parameters $p$ and $r$ such that $1 \le p < r < +\infty$. We employ the Bellman function technique to solve this problem. The Bellman function of three variables corresponding to this problem has a rather complicated structure, however, we managed to provide the explicit formulas for this function. First, we solve the problem on an interval and then transfer our results to the circle and the line. We also obtain explicit estimates in multi-dimensional cases., Comment: 8 figures
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- 2021
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21. pH-Sensitive Fluorescent Marker Based on Rhodamine 6G Conjugate with Its FRET/PeT Pair in 'Smart' Polymeric Micelles for Selective Imaging of Cancer Cells
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Igor D. Zlotnikov, Alexander A. Ezhov, and Elena V. Kudryashova
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pH marker ,rhodamine 6G ,tumor targeting ,imaging ,polymeric micelles ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Cancer cells are known to create an acidic microenvironment (the Warburg effect). At the same time, fluorescent dyes can be sensitive to pH, showing a sharp increase or decrease in fluorescence depending on pH. However, modern applications, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), set additional requirements for such fluorescent markers to be of practical use, namely, high quantum yield, low bleaching, minimal quenching in the cell environment, and minimal overlap with auto-fluorophores. R6G could be the perfect match for these requirements, but its fluorescence is not pH-dependent. We have attempted to develop an R6G conjugate with its FRET or PeT pair that would grant it pH sensitivity in the desired range (5.5–7.5) and enable the selective targeting of tumor cells, thus improving CLSM imaging. Covalent conjugation of R6G with NBD using a spermidine (spd) linker produced a pH-sensitive FRET effect but within the pH range of 7.0–9.0. Shifting this effect to the target pH range of 5.5–7.5 appeared possible by incorporating the R6G-spd-NBD conjugate within a “smart” polymeric micelle based on chitosan grafted with lipoic acid. In our previous studies, one could conclude that the polycationic properties of chitosan could make this pH shift possible. As a result, the micellar form of the NBD-spd-R6G fluorophore demonstrates a sharp ignition of fluorescence by 40%per1 pH unit in the pH range from 7.5 to 5. Additionally, “smart” polymeric micelles based on chitosan allow the label to selectively target tumor cells. Due to the pH sensitivity of the fluorophore NBD-spd-R6G and the selective targeting of cancer cells, the efficient visualization of A875 and K562 cells was achieved. CLSM imaging showed that the dye actively penetrates cancer cells (A875 and K562), while minimal accumulation and low fluorophore emission are observed in normal cells (HEK293T). It is noteworthy that by using “smart” polymeric micelles based on polyelectrolytes of different charges and structures, we create the possibility of regulating the pH dependence of the fluorescence in the desired interval, which means that these “smart” polymeric micelles can be applied to the visualization of a variety of cell types, organelles, and other structures.
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- 2024
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22. Targeted Polymeric Micelles System, Designed to Carry a Combined Cargo of L-Asparaginase and Doxorubicin, Shows Vast Improvement in Cytotoxic Efficacy
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Igor D. Zlotnikov and Elena V. Kudryashova
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combined formulation ,L-asparaginase ,doxorubicin ,Aikido principle ,synergy ,catalytic activity ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
L-asparaginases (ASP) and Doxorubicin (Dox) are both used in the treatment of leukemia, including in combination. We have attempted to investigate if their combination within the same targeted delivery vehicle can make such therapy more efficacious. We assembled a micellar system, where the inner hydrophobic core was loaded with Dox, while ASP would absorb at the surface due to electrostatic interactions. To make such absorption stronger, we conjugated the ASP with oligoamines, such as spermine, and the lipid components of the micelle—lipoic and oleic acids—with heparin. When loaded with Dox alone, the system yielded about a 10-fold improvement in cytotoxicity, as compared to free Dox. ASP alone showed about a 2.5-fold increase in cytotoxicity, so, assuming additivity of the effect, one could expect a 25-fold improvement when the two agents are applied in combination. But in reality, a combination of ASP + Dox loaded into the delivery system produced a synergy, with a whopping 50× improvement vs. free individual component. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown prolonged circulation of micellar formulations in the bloodstream as well as an increase in the effective concentration of Dox in micellar form and a reduction in Dox accumulation to the liver and heart (which reduces hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity). For the same reason, Dox’s liposomal formulation has been in use in the treatment of multiple types of cancer, almost replacing the free drug. We believe that an opportunity to deliver a combination of two types of drugs to the same target cell may represent a further step towards improvement in the risk–benefit ratio in cancer treatment.
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- 2024
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23. Synthesis of Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Microspheres as Precursor for Hard Carbon-Based Electrodes in Symmetric Supercapacitors
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Johanna Fischer, Katrin Thümmler, Igor Zlotnikov, Daria Mikhailova, and Steffen Fischer
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cellulose microspheres ,cellulose acetate butyrate ,activated carbons ,electrochemical energy storage ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Cellulose microspheres have a wide range of applications due to their unique properties and versatility. Various preparation methods have been explored to tailor these microspheres for specific applications. Among these methods, the acetate method using cellulose acetate is well known. However, replacement of the acetate group through the butyrate group significantly extends the variety of morphological properties. In the present work, microspheres based on cellulose acetate butyrate are being developed with modified characteristics in terms of particle size, porosity, surface morphology and the inner structure of the microspheres. While the inner structure of cellulose acetate microspheres is predominantly porous, microspheres prepared from cellulose acetate butyrate are mainly filled or contain several smaller microspheres. Carbon materials from cellulose acetate butyrate microspheres exhibit a high specific surface area of 567 m2 g−1, even without further activation. Activation processes can further increase the specific surface area, accompanied by an adaptation of the pore structure. The prepared carbons show promising results in symmetrical supercapacitors with aqueous 6 M KOH electrolytes. Activated carbons derived from cellulose acetate butyrate microspheres demonstrate an energy density of 12 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.9 kW kg−1.
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- 2024
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24. Characterization of environmental airborne hydrocarbon contaminants by surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
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Tolman, Nathan L., Li, Sunny, Zlotnikov, Samuel B., McQuain, Alex D., and Liu, Haitao
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RAMAN scattering ,SERS spectroscopy ,POLLUTANTS ,AMORPHOUS carbon ,HYDROCARBONS ,FACTOR analysis - Abstract
This paper explores the unintentional contamination of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates by ambient hydrocarbon contaminants and their contribution to SERS spectra. Previous studies have identified amorphous carbon as a potential complicating factor in data analysis in SERS experiments, although its origin has been elusive. Our work showed that ambient hydrocarbon contamination and its decomposition products can be detected by SERS on a gold substrate. We propose that ambient air itself is a source of amorphous carbon contamination on SERS substrates. This understanding is crucial for the correct interpretation of SERS data and highlights the need for careful consideration of potential environmental contaminants in SERS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Sampling in the shift-invariant space generated by the bivariate Gaussian function
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Romero, José Luis, Ulanovskii, Alexander, and Zlotnikov, Ilya
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- 2024
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26. Aspects of topological superconductivity in 2D systems: noncollinear magnetism, skyrmions, and higher-order topology
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Zlotnikov, A. O., Shustin, M. S., and Fedoseev, A. D.
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
The review is aimed at highlighting the aspects of topological superconductivity in the absence of spin-orbit interaction in two-dimensional systems with long-range non-collinear spin ordering or magnetic skyrmions. Another purpose is to give a brief introduction to the new concept of topological superconductivity, i.e. higher-order topology in two-dimensional systems including spin-orbit coupled structures. The formation of Majorana modes due to magnetic textures is discussed. The role of effective triplet pairings and odd fermion parity of the ground state wave function in different systems is emphasized. We describe the peculiarities of the magnetic skyrmions, leading to the formation of the Majorana modes and defects on which the modes are localized. The problem of braiding in the two-dimensional systems, especially in higher-order topological superconductors, is considered., Comment: 37 pages, 22 figures, review
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- 2021
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27. On geometry of the unit ball of Paley-Wiener space over two symmetric intervals
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Ulanovskii, Alexander and Zlotnikov, Ilya
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Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Mathematics - Complex Variables ,46A55 30D20 30D30 - Abstract
Let $PW_S^1$ be the space of integrable functions on $\mathbb{R}$ whose Fourier transform vanishes outside $S$, where $S = [-\sigma,-\rho]\cup[\rho,\sigma]$, $0<\rho<\sigma$. In the case $\rho>\sigma/2$, we present a complete description of the set of extreme and the set of exposed points of the unit ball of $PW^1_S$. The structure of these sets becomes more complicated when $\rho<\sigma/2$., Comment: 28 pages, the description of exposed points is added
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- 2021
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28. On planar sampling with Gaussian kernel in spaces of bandlimited functions
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Zlotnikov, Ilya
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Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Mathematics - Complex Variables ,Mathematics - Functional Analysis - Abstract
Let $I=(a,b)\times(c,d)\subset {\mathbb R}_{+}^2$ be an index set and let $\{G_{\alpha}(x) \}_{\alpha \in I}$ be a collection of Gaussian functions, i.e. $G_{\alpha}(x) = \exp(-\alpha_1 x_1^2 - \alpha_2 x_2^2)$, where $\alpha = (\alpha_1, \alpha_2) \in I, \, x = (x_1, x_2) \in {\mathbb R}^2$. We present a complete description of the uniformly discrete sets $\Lambda \subset {\mathbb R}^2$ such that every bandlimited signal $f$ admits a stable reconstruction from the samples $\{f \ast G_{\alpha} (\lambda)\}_{\lambda \in \Lambda}$., Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure
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- 2021
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29. Sharp moment estimates for martingales with uniformly bounded square functions
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Stolyarov, Dmitriy, Vasyunin, Vasily, Zatitskiy, Pavel, and Zlotnikov, Ilya
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Mathematics - Probability ,Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs - Abstract
We provide sharp bounds for the exponential moments and $p$-moments, $1\leqslant p \leqslant 2$, of the terminate distribution of a martingale whose square function is uniformly bounded by one. We introduce a Bellman function for the corresponding extremal problem and reduce it to the already known Bellman function on $\mathrm{BMO}([0,1])$. In the case of tail estimates, a similar reduction does not work exactly, so we come up with a fine supersolution that leads to sharp tail estimates., Comment: 33 pages, 4 figures; second version corrects some typos
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- 2021
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30. Phase-field modeling of biomineralization in mollusks and corals: Microstructure vs. formation mechanism
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Gránásy, László, Rátkai, László, Tóth, Gyula I., Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A., Zlotnikov, Igor, and Pusztai, Tamás
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
While biological crystallization processes have been studied on the microscale extensively, models addressing the mesoscale aspects of such phenomena are rare. In this work, we investigate whether the phase-field theory developed in materials science for describing complex polycrystalline structures on the mesoscale can be meaningfully adapted to model crystallization in biological systems. We demonstrate the abilities of the phase-field technique by modeling a range of microstructures observed in mollusk shells and coral skeletons, including granular, prismatic, sheet/columnar nacre, and sprinkled spherulitic structures. We also compare two possible micromechanisms of calcification: the classical route via ion-by-ion addition from a fluid state and a non-classical route, crystallization of an amorphous precursor deposited at the solidification front. We show that with appropriate choice of the model parameters microstructures similar to those found in biomineralized systems can be obtained along both routes, though the timescale of the non-classical route appears to be more realistic. The resemblance of the simulated and natural biominerals suggests that, underneath the immense biological complexity observed in living organisms, the underlying design principles for biological structures may be understood with simple math, and simulated by phase-field theory.
- Published
- 2020
31. Crystallization by Amorphous Particle Attachment: On the Evolution of Texture.
- Author
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Schoeppler, Vanessa, Stier, Deborah, Best, Richard J, Song, Chengyu, Turner, John, Savitzky, Benjamin H, Ophus, Colin, Marcus, Matthew A, Zhao, Shiteng, Bustillo, Karen, and Zlotnikov, Igor
- Subjects
amorphous particle attachment ,biomineralization ,calcite ,crystal growth ,dislocations ,lattice twist ,texture ,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology ,Physical Sciences ,Chemical Sciences ,Engineering - Abstract
Crystallization by particle attachment (CPA) is a gradual process where each step has its own thermodynamic and kinetic constrains defining a unique pathway of crystal growth. An important example is biomineralization of calcium carbonate through amorphous precursors that are morphed into shapes and textural patterns that cannot be envisioned by the classical monomer-by-monomer approach. Here, a mechanistic link between the collective kinetics of mineral deposition and the emergence of crystallographic texture is established. Using the prismatic ultrastructure in bivalve shells as a model, a fundamental leap is made in the ability to analytically describe the evolution of form and texture of biological mineralized tissues and to design the structure and crystallographic properties of synthetic materials formed by CPA.
- Published
- 2021
32. Phase-Field Modeling of Biomineralization in Mollusks and Corals: Microstructure vs Formation Mechanism
- Author
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Gránásy, László, Rátkai, László, Tóth, Gyula I, Gilbert, Pupa UPA, Zlotnikov, Igor, and Pusztai, Tamás
- Subjects
Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry ,Chemical Sciences ,biomineralization ,crystallization ,calcification ,phase-field theory ,bioinspired materials ,Chemical sciences - Abstract
While biological crystallization processes have been studied on the microscale extensively, there is a general lack of models addressing the mesoscale aspects of such phenomena. In this work, we investigate whether the phase-field theory developed in materials' science for describing complex polycrystalline structures on the mesoscale can be meaningfully adapted to model crystallization in biological systems. We demonstrate the abilities of the phase-field technique by modeling a range of microstructures observed in mollusk shells and coral skeletons, including granular, prismatic, sheet/columnar nacre, and sprinkled spherulitic structures. We also compare two possible micromechanisms of calcification: the classical route, via ion-by-ion addition from a fluid state, and a nonclassical route, crystallization of an amorphous precursor deposited at the solidification front. We show that with an appropriate choice of the model parameters, microstructures similar to those found in biomineralized systems can be obtained along both routes, though the time-scale of the nonclassical route appears to be more realistic. The resemblance of the simulated and natural biominerals suggests that, underneath the immense biological complexity observed in living organisms, the underlying design principles for biological structures may be understood with simple math and simulated by phase-field theory.
- Published
- 2021
33. Allylpolyalkoxybenzene Inhibitors of Galactonolactone Oxidase from Trypanosoma cruzi
- Author
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Chudin, Andrey A., Zlotnikov, Igor D., Krylov, Sergey S., Semenov, Victor V., and Kudryashova, Elena V.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Relativistic partial waves for celestial amplitudes
- Author
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Law, Y. T. Albert and Zlotnikov, Michael
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
The formalism of relativistic partial wave expansion is developed for four-point celestial amplitudes of massless external particles. In particular, relativistic partial waves are found as eigenfunctions to the product representation of celestial Poincar\'e Casimir operators with appropriate eigenvalues. The requirement of hermiticity of Casimir operators is used to fix the corresponding integral inner product, and orthogonality of the obtained relativistic partial waves is verified explicitly. The completeness relation, as well as the relativistic partial wave expansion follow. Example celestial amplitudes of scalars, gluons, gravitons and open superstring gluons are expanded on the basis of relativistic partial waves for demonstration. A connection with the formulation of relativistic partial waves in the bulk of Minkowski space is made in appendices., Comment: 26 pages, no figures, published version
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Reconstruction of Bandlimited Functions from Space-Time Samples
- Author
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Ulanovskii, Alexander and Zlotnikov, Ilya
- Subjects
Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Mathematics - Complex Variables ,Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,42C15, 94A12, 94A20 - Abstract
For a wide family of even kernels $\{\varphi_u, u\in I\}$, we describe discrete sets $\Lambda$ such that every bandlimited signal $f$ can be reconstructed from the space-time samples $\{(f\ast\varphi_u)(\lambda), \lambda\in\Lambda, u\in I\}$., Comment: 11 pages
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. On 2-dimensional mobile sampling
- Author
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Rashkovskii, Alexander, Ulanovskii, Alexander, and Zlotnikov, Ilya
- Subjects
Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Mathematics - Complex Variables ,42C15, 94A12, 94A20 - Abstract
Necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for several families of planar curves to form a set of stable sampling for the Bernstein space $\mathcal{B}_{\Omega}$ over a convex set $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$. These conditions "essentially" describe the mobile sampling property of these families for the Paley-Wiener spaces $\mathcal{PW}^p_{\Omega},1\leq p<\infty$., Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Massive Spinning Bosons on the Celestial Sphere
- Author
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Law, Y. T. Albert and Zlotnikov, Michael
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
A natural extension of the Pasterski-Shao-Strominger (PSS) prescription is described, enabling the map of Minkowski space amplitudes with massive spinning external legs to the celestial sphere to be performed. An integral representation for the conformal primary wave function (CPW) of massive spinning bosons on the celestial sphere is derived explicitly for spin-one and -two. By analogy with the spin-zero case, the spinning bulk-to-boundary propagator on Euclidean AdS is employed to extend the massive CPW integral representation to arbitrary integer spin, and to describe the appropriate inverse transform of massive spinning CPWs back to the plane wave basis in Minkowski space. Subsequently, a massive spin-$s$ momentum operator representation on the celestial sphere is determined, and used in conjunction with known Lorentz generators to derive Poincar\'e symmetry constraints on generic massive spinning two-, three- and four-point celestial amplitude structures. Finally, as a consistency check, three-point Minkowski space amplitudes of two massless scalars and a spin-one or -two massive boson are explicitly mapped to the celestial sphere, and the resulting three-point function coefficients are confirmed to be in exact agreement with the results obtained from Poincar\'e symmetry constraints., Comment: 26 pages, no figures, published
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. In Situ Nanoindentation at Elevated Humidities
- Author
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Kian Tadayon, Benny Bar‐On, Björn Günther, Cordula Vogel, and Igor Zlotnikov
- Subjects
humidity ,in situ ,nanoindentation ,scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Technology - Abstract
Abstract Nanoindentation is one of the most widespread methods to measure the mechanical performance of complex materials systems. As it allows for local characterization of composite architectures with sub‐micron spatial features and a large range of properties, nanoindentation is commonly used to measure the properties of biological materials. In situ nanoindentation, a further development of the approach, is a powerful tool for the analysis of plastic deformation and failure of materials. Here, samples can be mechanically manipulated using the indenter, while their behavior is monitored with the resolution of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Indeed, numerous studies demonstrate the potential of this approach for studying the most fundamental material characteristics. However, so far, these measurements are performed in high‐vacuum conditions inherent to the conventional electron microscopy method, which are irrelevant when studying biological structures that evolved to perform in hydrated conditions. In this work, the ability to conduct nanoindentation experiments under controlled humidity and temperature inside an environmental SEM is developed. This technique has the potential to become crucial for materials design and characterization in many domains where humidity has a significant impact on performance. These include organic/polymer systems, microelectronic and optoelectronic devices, materials for catalysis, batteries, and many more.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Strong Coulomb interactions in the problem of Majorana modes in a wire of the nontrivial topological class BDI
- Author
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Aksenov, S. V., Zlotnikov, A. O., and Shustin, M. S.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity - Abstract
In this study, the problem of strong Coulomb interactions in topological superconducting wire is analyzed by means of the density-matrix-renormalization-group (DMRG) approach. To analyze properties of edge states in the BDI-class structure a quantity called Majorana polarization is used. From its dependence on wire length and an entanglement-spectrum degeneracy topological phase diagrams are obtained. The DMRG calculations for the Shubin-Vonsovsky-type model of the wire show the transformation of phases with Majorana single and double modes (MSMs and MDMs, respectively) under the increase of on- and inter-site correlations. In particular, we demonstrate different scenarios including the possibilities of both induction and suppression of the MSMs and MDMs. It is shown that in the strongly correlated regime the contributions of single-particle excitations to the Majorana-type states significantly decrease at low magnetic fields. Moreover, the $t-J^{*}-V$-model is derived allowing to study the effective interactions and improve the DMRG numerics. It is found out that in the limiting case of the effective Hamiltonian with infinitely strong on-site repulsion, $t$-model, the topological phases are destroyed. Finally, the ways to probe the MSMs and MDMs via the features of caloric functions are discussed., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Poincar\'e Constraints on Celestial Amplitudes
- Author
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Law, Y. T. Albert and Zlotnikov, Michael
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
The functional structure of celestial amplitudes as constrained by Poincar\'e symmetry is investigated in $2,3,$ and $4$-point cases for massless external particles of various spin, as well as massive external scalars. Functional constraints and recurrence relations are found (akin to the findings in arXiv:1901.01622) that must be obeyed by the respective permissible correlator structures and function coefficients. In specific three-point cases involving massive scalars the resulting recurrence relations can be solved, e.g. reproducing purely from symmetry a three-point function coefficient known in the literature. Additionally, as a byproduct of the analysis, the three-point function coefficient for gluons in Minkowski signature is obtained from an amplitude map to the celestial sphere., Comment: 26 pages, no figures, typos fixed
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Nanoscale dynamic mechanical analysis on interfaces of biological composites
- Author
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Braunshtein, Ofer, Levavi, Liat, Zlotnikov, Igor, and Bar-On, Benny
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Specific FRET Probes Sensitive to Chitosan-Based Polymeric Micelles Formation, Drug-Loading, and Fine Structural Features
- Author
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Igor D. Zlotnikov, Ivan V. Savchenko, and Elena V. Kudryashova
- Subjects
FRET probes ,rhodamine 6G ,chitosan ,polymeric micelles ,surfactants ,stimulus-sensitivity ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes are a promising tool for studying numerous biochemical processes. In this paper, we show the application of the FRET phenomenon to observe the micelle formation from surfactants, micelles self-assembling from chitosan grafted with fatty acid (oleic—OA, or lipoic—LA), cross-linking of SH groups in the micelle’s core, and inclusion and release of the model drug cargo from the micelles. Using the carbodiimide approach, amphiphilic chitosan-based polymers with (1) SH groups, (2) crosslinked with S-S between polymer chains, and (3) without SH and S-S groups were synthesized, followed by characterization by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Two pairs of fluorophores were investigated: 4-methylumbelliferon-trimethylammoniocinnamate—rhodamine (MUTMAC–R6G) and fluorescein isothiocyanate—rhodamine (FITC–R6G). While FITC–R6G has been described before as an FRET-producing pair, for MUTMAC–R6G, this has not been described. R6G, in addition to being an acceptor fluorophore, also serves as a model cytostatic drug in drug-release experiments. As one could expect, in aqueous solution, FRET effect was poor, but when exposed to the micelles, both MUTMAC–R6G and FITC–R6G yielded a pronounced FRET effect. Most likely, the formation of micelles is accompanied by the forced convergence of fluorophores in the hydrophobic micelle core by a donor-to-acceptor distance (r) significantly closer than in the aqueous buffer solution, which was reflected in the increase in the FRET efficiency (E). Therefore, r(E) could be used as analytical signal of the micelle formation, including critical micelle concentration (CMC) and critical pre-micelle concentration (CPMC), yielding values in good agreement with the literature for similar systems. We found that the r-function provides analytically valuable information about the nature and mechanism of micelle formation. S-S crosslinking between polymer chains makes the micelle more compact and stable in the normal physiological conditions, but loosens in the glutathione-rich tumor microenvironment, which is considered as an efficient approach in targeted drug delivery. Indeed, we found that R6G, as a model cytostatic agent, is released from micelles with initial rate of 5%/h in a normal tissue microenvironment, but in a tumor microenvironment model (10 mM glutathione), the release of R6G from S-S stitched polymeric micelles increased up to 24%/h. Drug-loading capacity differed substantially: from 75–80% for nonstitched polymeric micelles to ~90% for S-S stitched micelles. Therefore, appropriate FRET probes can provide comprehensive information about the micellar system, thus helping to fine-tune the drug delivery system.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Disulfide Cross-Linked Polymeric Redox-Responsive Nanocarrier Based on Heparin, Chitosan and Lipoic Acid Improved Drug Accumulation, Increased Cytotoxicity and Selectivity to Leukemia Cells by Tumor Targeting via 'Aikido' Principle
- Author
-
Igor D. Zlotnikov, Alexander A. Ezhov, Natalia V. Dobryakova, and Elena V. Kudryashova
- Subjects
glutathione sensitivity ,tumor targeting ,polymeric micelles ,doxorubicin ,non-target toxicity ,Science ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Inorganic chemistry ,QD146-197 ,General. Including alchemy ,QD1-65 - Abstract
We have developed a micellar formulation of anticancer drugs based on chitosan and heparin grafted with lipoic and oleic acids that can release the cytotoxic cargo (doxorubicin) in response to external stimuli, such as increased glutathione concentration—a hallmark of cancer. Natural polysaccharides (heparin and chitosan) provide the pH sensitivity of the nanocarrier: the release of doxorubicin (Dox) is enhanced in a slightly acidic environment (tumor microenvironment). Fatty acid residues are necessary for the formation of nanoparticles (micelles) and solubilization of cytostatics in a hydrophobic core. Lipoic acid residues provide the formation of a labile S-S cross-linking between polymer chains (the first variant) or covalently attached doxorubicin molecules through glutathione-sensitive S-S bridges (the second variant)—both determine Redox sensitivity of the anticancer drugs carriers stable in blood circulation and disintegrate after intracellular uptake in the tumor cells. The release of doxorubicin from micelles occurs slowly (20%/6 h) in an environment with a pH of 7.4 and the absence of glutathione, while in a slightly acidic environment and in the presence of 10 mM glutathione, the rate increases up to 6 times, with an increase in the effective concentration up to 5 times after 7 h. The permeability of doxorubicin in micellar formulations (covalent S-S cross-linked and not) into Raji, K562, and A875 cancer cells was studied using FTIR, fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We have shown dramatically improved accumulation, decreased efflux, and increased cytotoxicity compared to doxorubicin control with three tumor cell lines: Raji, K562, and A875. At the same time, cytotoxicity and permeability for non-tumor cells (HEK293T) are significantly lower, increasing the selectivity index against tumor cells by several times.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Stability of the coexistence phase of chiral superconductivity and noncollinear spin ordering with a nontrivial topology and strong electron correlations
- Author
-
Val'kov, Valery V. and Zlotnikov, Anton O.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity - Abstract
We show that the quantum charge and spin fluctuations, while sufficiently renormalizing the magnetic order parameter, do not destroy the coexistence phase of chiral d+id superconductivity and 120-degree spin ordering in a strongly correlated 2D system with a triangular lattice. The nontrivial topology characterized by the topological invariant N3 is also preserved. It is shown that the Majorana mode exist among edge states in the topologically nontrivial phase. The spatial structure of such mode is determined. The spin and charge fluctuations shift the critical values of electron density at which quantum topological transitions occur. Increasing intersite Coulomb repulsion leads to decrease in the number of the topological transitions., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Celestial Amplitudes: Conformal Partial Waves and Soft Limits
- Author
-
Nandan, Dhritiman, Schreiber, Anders, Volovich, Anastasia, and Zlotnikov, Michael
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
Massless scattering amplitudes in four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime can be Mellin transformed to correlation functions on the celestial sphere at null infinity called celestial amplitudes. We study various properties of massless four-point scalar and gluon celestial amplitudes such as conformal partial wave decomposition, crossing relations and optical theorem. As a byproduct, we derive the analog of the single and double soft limits for all gluon celestial amplitudes., Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Interpolation for intersections of Hardy-type spaces
- Author
-
Kislyakov, S. V. and Zlotnikov, I. K.
- Subjects
Mathematics - Functional Analysis - Abstract
Let $(X,\mu)$ be a space with a finite measure $\mu$, let $A$ and $B$ be $w^*$-closed subalgebras of $L^{\infty}(\mu)$, and let $C$ and $D$ be closed subspaces of $L^p(\mu)$ ($1
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Completeness of certain exponential systems and zeros of lacunary polynomials
- Author
-
Kulikov, Aleksei, Ulanovskii, Alexander, and Zlotnikov, Ilya
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Dynamic Properties of Technological Drive Operating in Acceleration Mode
- Author
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Ershov, Dmitry, Lukyanenko, Irina, Zlotnikov, Evgeny, Howlett, Robert J., Series Editor, Jain, Lakhmi C., Series Editor, Ronzhin, Andrey, editor, and Shishlakov, Vladislav, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. On 2-dimensional mobile sampling
- Author
-
Rashkovskii, Alexander, Ulanovskii, Alexander, and Zlotnikov, Ilya
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Sharp moment estimates for martingales with uniformly bounded square functions
- Author
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Stolyarov, Dmitriy, Vasyunin, Vasily, Zatitskiy, Pavel, and Zlotnikov, Ilya
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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