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Androgenic alopecia (AGA) has a high incidence. Excess dihydrotestosterone in blood capillaries, which is converted from testosterone by 5α-reductase, is an AGA causative factor. We identified the inhibitory activity of four Polygonum multiflorum compounds against 5α-reductase via high-performance liquid chromatography, and the results showed that Physcion was a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor. Additionally, we found that through inhibiting 5α-reductase expression, Physcion could shorten the time of dorsal skin darkening and hair growth, improve hair follicle morphology, and significantly increase hair follicle count. Eventually, through molecular docking study, we found the binding energy and molecular interactions between Physcion and 5α-reductase type II. These results suggested that Physcion is a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor, as well as a new natural medicine for treating AGA.

We present an OPA with uniform half-wavelength pitch and grating emitters. Aliasing-free beam steering over ∼ 120° field-of-view is measured. Evanescent coupling between closely spaced emitters is suppressed by extreme skin-depth cladding structures.

We propose a multi-layered, 2D optical phased array capable of 180°× 180° beam steering range without wavelength tuning. Evanescent coupling between half-wavelength spaced waveguides is suppressed below –20 dB through index-mismatch and extreme skin-depth metamaterial waveguides.

We experimentally demonstrate phase retrieval of a single-soliton Kerr comb using electric field cross-correlation implemented via dual-comb interferometry. The phase profile of the Kerr comb is acquired through the heterodyne beat between the Kerr comb and a reference electro-optical comb with a pre-characterized phase profile. The soliton Kerr comb has a nearly flat phase profile, and the pump line is observed to show a phase offset which depends on the pumping parameters. The experimental results are in agreement with numerical simulations. Our all-linear approach enables rapid measurements (3.2 $\mu$s) with low input power (20 $\mu$W).

A TE 0 block TE 1 pass filter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated on SOI platform over C band. The filter suffers negligible reflection and is theoretically immune to phase dependent spectral fluctuation under dual-modes concurrent input.

We propose a 3-micron-radius, TE 0 /TE 1 multiplexed 90-degree bend that numerically exhibits 0.8 dB bending loss and 20 dB crosstalk suppression over 30nm bandwidth on an silicon-on-insulator platform. An S-bend shows >37 dB colorless crosstalk suppression.

We demonstrate all-linear phase retrieval of a single-soliton Kerr comb via dual-comb electric field cross-correlation (EFXC). This approach greatly lowers the power needed for ultrafast waveform reconstruction of optical frequency combs.

We demonstrate an astro-comb for relatively low resolution astronomical spectrographs. The space of comb lines is Altered to 30 GHz by a Fabry-Perot cavity spaced by an ULE glass. The radial velocity precision is

Mobile systems commonly support an event-based model of concurrent programming. This model, used in popular platforms such as Android, naturally supports mobile devices that have a rich array of sensors and user input modalities. Unfortunately, most existing tools for detecting concurrency errors of parallel programs focus on a thread-based model of concurrency. If one applies such tools directly to an event-based program, they work poorly because they infer false dependencies between unrelated events handled sequentially by the same thread. In this paper we present a race detection tool named CAFA for event-driven mobile systems. CAFA uses the causality model that we have developed for the Android event-driven system. A novel contribution of our model is that it accounts for the causal order due to the event queues, which are not accounted for in past data race detectors. Detecting races based on low-level races between memory accesses leads to a large number of false positives. CAFA overcomes this problem by checking for races between high-level operations. We discuss our experience in using CAFA for finding and understanding a number of known and unknown harmful races in open-source Android applications.

We report on a compact passive mode-locked Er:fiber ring laser operated at the fundamental repetition rate of 517 MHz, which we believe is the highest fundamental repetition rate ever reported in a ring cavity fiber laser. The key technique is the employment of two innovative high-power wavelength domain multiplexer collimators with all gain fiber cavity suited for the high power (up to 2 W) pumping. The laser is featured with a direct chirp-free output pulse, which is 97 fs without extracavity compression at an average output power of 90 mW.