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Abstract Younger premenopausal women are more prone to developing ovarian metastases (OM) of gastric cancer (GC) than metastases of other organs; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on 45 tumor samples from 18 GC patients with OM. Interestingly, fibroblasts in OM of GC express high levels of estrogen receptor (ER) and midkine (MDK), interacting with tumor cells through activating ER-MDK-LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) signaling axis. Functional experiments demonstrate that estrogen stimulation induces MDK secretion by ovarian fibroblasts, and binding of MDK to LRP1 increases GC cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, in vivo, estrogen stimulation remarkably augments ovarian engraftment and metastasis of LRP1+ GC cells. Collectively, our findings reveal that ER+ ovarian fibroblasts secrete MDK under estrogen influence, driving OM of GC via the MDK-LRP1 axis. Our study holds the potential to catalyze innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at intercepting and managing OM in GC.

ObjectiveTo understand the current status of psychotherapy and counseling resources in mental health institutions in Chinese mainland, and provide a reference for the formulation of relevant policies. MethodsFrom May to June 2021, the National Mental Health Program Office conducted a resource survey using a self-designed questionnaire on 3 833 institutions providing psychotherapy/counseling services across all 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in Chinese mainland. The data were collected and summarized by mental health program offices at all levels in each region and reported to the National Mental Health Program Office. ResultsNationwide, 64.56% of mental health institutions provided psychotherapy/counseling services, with 65.24% of psychiatric specialty hospitals and 69.44% of psychiatric (psychological) departments in general hospitals offering these services. Among the mental health institutions providing psychotherapy/counseling services, 52.54% had independent departments undertaking these services. Psychiatrists accounted for the largest proportion (65.61%) of the personnel providing psychotherapy/counseling services. The quantity of psychotherapy/counseling service resources (1 663 institutions and 13 061 personnel) and the number of service providers per unit land area (122.14 per 10,000 square kilometers) in mental health institutions in eastern China were higher than those in central (1 022 institutions, 9 064 personnel, and 53.63 per 10 000 square kilometers) and western regions (1 148 institutions, 9 259 personnel, and 13.52 per 10 000 square kilometers). ConclusionIn recent years, the number of mental health institutions providing psychotherapy/counseling services has increased significantly. However, the coverage and distribution of resources across eastern, central, and western regions remain uneven, requiring further improvement.

Abstract Background This study was conducted to investigate the long-term outcomes of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) versus open total gastrectomy (OTG) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Methods Patients with AGC who received NACT before surgery were enrolled in either the LTG or OTG group. Propensity score matching (PSM) (1:2) was performed between the two groups based on the propensity score using a 0.15 calliper width. Three-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between these two groups before and after PSM. OS and DFS rates were calculated by the Kaplan‒Meier method, and any differences in survival were evaluated with a log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to estimate the simultaneous effects of prognostic factors on survival and the hazard ratio (HR) between LTG and OTG patients. Results A total of 144 patients completed the follow-up, with 24 patients in the LTG group and 120 patients in the OTG group. After a mean follow-up of 64.40 months, there were no significant differences in the 3-year OS or DFS rates between the two groups before (P = 0.453 and P = 0.362, respectively) or after PSM (P = 0.972 and P = 0.884, respectively). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that ypN stage was an independent risk factor for worse OS (P = 0.013). Conclusions This study showed that LTG with D2 lymphadenectomy performed by an experienced surgical team resulted in comparable 3-year OS and DFS compared with OTG in patients with AGC after NACT. Trial registration This study is not registered.

Abstract Background With the continuous improvement of diagnosis and treatment technology for cervical spine-related diseases in children at home and abroad, the demand for exploring the developmental anatomy and function of children's cervical spine of different ages is increasing. So the aim of this study was to investigate the changes of anatomical indicators in neurocentral synchondrosis (NCS) of C2–C7 with age and the developmental characteristics of different vertebrae in children aged 1–6 years old. Method A retrospective collection of 160 cases of normal cervical spine CT images of children aged 1–6 years old in provincial tertiary hospitals, according to the age group of 1-year-old into 6 groups. The original data of continuously scanned cervical spine tomography images were imported into Mimics16.0 software, under the two-dimensional image window, selected the measurement tool under the Measurements toolbar to measure and statistically analyzed the anatomical indicators such as cross diameter, sagittal diameter, height, perimeter and area of NCS in the C2–C7 segment of the cervical spine on the coronal plane and cross-section. Results There was no significant difference in the anatomical indexes of cervical spine NCS in children compared with the left and right sides of the same vertebrae (P > 0.05). The same cervical spine generally had differences between the age groups of 1–4 years old and 5–6 years old (P

Abstract Lactate-derived histone lactylation is involved in multiple pathological processes through transcriptional regulation. The role of lactate-derived histone lactylation in the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unclear. Here we report that overall lactate levels and lactylation are upregulated in the spinal cord after SCI. Notably, H4K12la was significantly elevated in the microglia of the injured spinal cord, whereas exogenous lactate treatment further elevated H4K12la in microglia after SCI. Functionally, lactate treatment promoted microglial proliferation, scar formation, axon regeneration, and locomotor function recovery after SCI. Mechanically, lactate-mediated H4K12la elevation promoted PD-1 transcription in microglia, thereby facilitating SCI repair. Furthermore, a series of rescue experiments confirmed that a PD-1 inhibitor or microglia-specific AAV-sh-PD-1 significantly reversed the therapeutic effects of lactate following SCI. This study illustrates the function and mechanism of lactate/H4K12la/PD-1 signaling in microglia-mediated tissue repair and provides a novel target for SCI therapy. Graphical Abstract

The modular charge is a novel charge system designed to cooperate with the automation of large-caliber guns. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Discrete Element Method (DEM), the motion and distribution of cylindrical particles driven by high-temperature, high-pressure gas during ignition and flame spreading were simulated in a two-module charge. Model validation was achieved through comparison with experimental data from simulated ignition experiments. Different ullage distributions were achieved by varying the axial distance between the primer and the first module. The results indicate that while maintaining a constant axial ullage between Module 1 and Module 2 (D2), increasing the axial distance between Module 1 and the primer (D1) leads to distinct changes in the particle packing structure. Particles stabilize in horizontal and steep slope accumulations from the breech to the front end of the combustion chamber in a stable state. However, the axil length of horizontal accumulation decreases linearly with increasing D1, and the axil length of steep slope accumulation shows a second-order polynomial relationship with D1. The inclination angle of the steep slope initially decreased and then increased. Axial ullage distribution affects the forces on the particles, velocities, and trajectories, resulting in uneven distribution within the combustion chamber.

To investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) application rate and planting density (D) on the contents of lipid and free fatty acid, fatty acid composition, yield and quality of rice grain, a field experiment was conducted using Koshihikari (japonica) as experimental material from 2021 to 2022 with three N levels (90, 150 and 210 kg ha-1, denoted as N1, N2 and N3, respectively) and three transplanting densities (19.0 × 104, 26.7 × 104 and 40.0 × 104 plants ha-1, denoted as D1, D2 and D3, respectively). The results showed that N application rate and planting density had highly significant impacts only on the contents of free fatty acid and saturated fatty acid, respectively. Increased N and planting density enhanced the contents of lipid (29.41 mg g-1) and free fatty acid (21.47%). The highest values were obtained under N3D3 increasing by 7.02% and 3.23 percentage points, respectively, compared to other treatments. No significant differences in lipid content were found among treatments, whereas free fatty acid exhibited significant differences. The unsaturated fatty acid content increased with increasing N but first decreased and then increased with increasing planting density, while saturated fatty acid content showed the opposite trend. Appropriate N level and planting density improved the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of rice flag leaves, as well as increased grain yield, effective panicle number and spikelete number per panicle, but decreased the seed setting rate. Under N2D2, the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate remained relatively high throughout the grain filling stage, resulting in the highest grain yield, with increases of 43.87-47.03% compared to other treatments. A moderate N level improved the milling quality of rice, while increased planting density reduced it. However, both increased N and planting density reduced the appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of rice. Overall, the effects of increasing N application rate and planting density on enhancing rice lipid and free fatty acid contents were limited. A combination of 150 kg ha-1 N application rate and 26.7 × 104 plants ha-1 was recommended for achieving relatively higher yield, lipid content and better grain quality.

IntroductionConsidering the high economic burden and risks of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgical failure, predicting the motor outcomes of DBS in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is of significant importance in clinical decision-making. Functional controllability provides a rationale for combining the abnormal connections of the cortico-striato-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) motor loops and dynamic changes after medication in DBS outcome prediction.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the association between preoperative delta functional controllability after medication within CSTC loops and motor outcomes of subthalamic nucleus DBS (STN-DBS) and globus pallidus interna DBS (GPi-DBS) and predicted motor outcomes in a Support Vector Regression (SVR) model using the delta controllability of focal regions.ResultsWhile the STN-DBS motor outcomes were associated with the delta functional controllability of the thalamus, the GPi-DBS motor outcomes were related to the delta functional controllability of the caudate nucleus and postcentral gyrus. In the SVR model, the predicted and actual motor outcomes were positively correlated, with p = 0.020 and R = 0.514 in the STN-DBS group, and p = 0.011 and R = 0.705 in the GPi- DBS group.DiscussionOur findings indicate that different focal regions within the CSTC motor loops are involved in STN-DBS and GPi-DBS and support the feasibility of functional controllability in predicting DBS motor outcomes for PD in clinical decision-making.

Abstract. Background:. Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system in China. Few comprehensive practice guidelines for early gastric cancer in China are currently available. Therefore, we created the Chinese national clinical practice guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of early gastric cancer. Methods:. This clinical practice guideline (CPG) was developed in accordance with the World Health Organization’s recommended process and with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) in assessing evidence quality. We used the Evidence to Decision framework to formulate clinical recommendations to minimize bias and increase transparency in the CPG development process. We used the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) statement and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) as reporting and conduct guidelines to ensure completeness and transparency of the CPG. Results:. This CPG contains 40 recommendations regarding the prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of early gastric cancer based on available clinical studies and guidelines. We provide recommendations for the timing of Helicobacter pylori eradication, screening populations for early gastric cancer, indications for endoscopic resection and surgical gastrectomy, follow-up interval after treatment, and other recommendations. Conclusions:. This CPG can lead to optimum care for patients and populations by providing up-to-date medical information. We intend this CPG for widespread adoption to increase the standard of prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of early gastric cancer; thereby, contributing to improving national health care and patient quality of life.

Abstract Evidence from Europe shows that perioperative chemotherapy may be beneficial for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer, but reliable and robust data is lacking. To rectify this, the phase 3 RESONANCE trial investigated the efficacy and safety of S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) as a perioperative chemotherapy regimen for gastric cancer. This randomized, open-label trial enrolled patients from 19 medical centers with stage II/III resectable gastric cancer who were centrally randomly assigned to either perioperative chemotherapy (PC) arm or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) arm. Patients in the PC arm received two to four cycles of SOX followed by surgery and four to six cycles of SOX. Patients in the AC arm received upfront surgery and eight cycles of SOX. 386 patients in each group were enrolled and 756 (382 in PC and 374 in AC) were included in the mITT population. The three-year DFS rate was 61.7% in the PC arm and 53.8% in the AC arm (log-rank p = 0.019). The R0 resection rate in the PC arm was significantly higher than that in the AC arm (94.9% vs. 83.7%, p

Abstract The Scheil–Gulliver equation is essential for assessing solid fractions during alloy solidification in materials science. Despite the prevalent use of the Calculation of Phase Diagrams (CALPHAD) method, its computational intensity and time are limiting the simulation efficiency. Recently, Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a potent tool in materials science, offering robust and reliable predictive modeling capabilities. This study introduces an ensemble‐based method that has the potential to enhance the prediction of the partitioning coefficient (k) in the Scheil equation by inputting various alloy compositions. The findings demonstrate that this approach can predict the temperature and solid fraction at the eutectic temperature with an accuracy exceeding 90%, while the accuracy for k prediction surpasses 70%. Additionally, a case study on a commercial alloy revealed that the model's predictions are within a 5°C deviation from experimental results, and the predicted solid fraction at the eutectic temperature is within a 15% difference of the values obtained from the CALPHAD model.

ObjectiveThe long-term glucose monitoring is essential to the risk assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the aim of this study was to investigate the predictive ability of visit-to-visit fasting blood glucose (FBG) indices on the risk of DR.MethodsThis was a community-based, cohort study conducted from 2013 to 2021. DR was diagnosed by digital fundus photography. The FPG indices included FBG, var. Associations of each FBG indices and DR were estimated using multinomial logistic regression models adjusting for confounders, and discrimination was determined by area under the curve (AUC). Predictive utility of different models was compared by changes in AUC, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification index (NRI).ResultsThis study analyzed 5054 participants, the mean age was 46.26 ± 11.44 years, and 2620 (51.84%) were women. After adjustment for confounders, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for FBG, SD, CV, VIM, ARV, M-FBG, and cumulative FBG load were 1.62 (1.52—1.73), 2.74 (2.38—3.16), 1.78 (1.62—1.95), 1.11 (0.95—1.29), 1.72 (1.56—1.91), 2.15 (1.96—2.36), and 2.57 (2.31—2.85), respectively. The AUC of the model with separate cumulative FBG load and classical risk factors was 0.9135 (95%CI 0.8890—0.9380), and no substantive improvement in discrimination was achieved with the addition of other FBG indices once cumulative FBG load was in the model.ConclusionsCumulative FBG load is adequate for capturing the glucose-related DR risk, and the predictive utility of cumulative FBG load is not significantly improved by adding or replacing other FBG indices in the assessment of DR risk.

BackgroundIn China, the current situation of myopia among children and adolescents is very serious. Prevention and control of myopia are inhibited by the lack of medical resources and the low awareness about eye care. Nevertheless, mobile apps provide an effective means to solve these problems. Since the health app market in China is still immature, it has become particularly important to conduct a study to assess the quality of eye-care apps to facilitate the development of better eye-care service strategies. ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the quality, functionality, medical evidence, and professional background of eye-care apps targeting children and adolescents in the Chinese app stores. MethodsA systematic search on iOS and Android app stores was performed to identify eye-care apps for children and adolescents. The general characteristics, development context, and functional features of the apps were described. Quality assessment of the apps was completed by 2 independent researchers using the Mobile App Rating Scale. ResultsThis study included 29 apps, of which 17 (59%) were developed by commercial organizations and 12 (41%) had a design with relevant scientific basis. The main built-in functions of these apps include self-testing (18/29, 62%), eye exercises (16/29, 55%), and eye-care education (16/29, 55%). The mean overall quality of eye-care apps was 3.49 (SD 0.33), with a score ranging from 2.89 to 4.39. The overall Mobile App Rating Scale score exhibited a significant positive correlation with the subscale scores (r=0.81-0.91; P

PurposeThis study aims to compare the changes in the corneal wavefront aberrations and the objective visual quality resulting from two types of eye surgery—small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK)—in patients with moderate-to-high myopia.MethodsA prospective analysis was performed on 98 eyes of 51 patients who underwent SMILE. Additionally, 88 eyes of 45 patients who underwent FS-LASIK were analyzed. All patients underwent ocular examination preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Corneal aberrations and objective visual quality were measured using the Optical Quality Analysis System II (OQAS II) and Optical Path Difference Scan III (OPD-Scan III).ResultsAt postoperative 1 day and 1 week, there was a statistically significant difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) between SMILE and FS-LASIK (P < 0.05). Postoperative spherical (S), cylinder (C) and spherical equivalent refraction (SE) were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). In both groups, the absolute magnitude of total higher-aberrations (tHOA), piston, vertical tilt, vertical coma, and spherical aberration (SA) increased after surgery compared to preoperative values (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Δhorizontal tHOA, Δhorizontal tilt, Δhorizontal coma, and Δhorizontal trefoil between the two groups (P > 0.05), and the FS-LASIK had higher Δvertical trefoil and ΔSA (P < 0.05) but lower Δpiston, Δvertical tilt, and Δvertical coma than the SMILE group (P < 0.05). There was a rise in objective scattering index (OSI) and a decline in both modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff and Strehl ratio (SR) after surgery compared to preoperative values in both groups (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the OSI at 1 day and 3 months between the two groups (P < 0.05). Postoperative MTF cutoff and SR were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative OSI was positively correlated with corneal tHOA (0.261 ≤ R ≤ 0.483, P < 0.05) and was negatively correlated with vertical tilt and vertical coma (−0.315 ≤ R ≤ −0.209, P < 0.05) in both groups.ConclusionWhile both SMILE and FS-LASIK can effectively correct moderate-to-high myopia, there is an increase in corneal aberrations and a postoperative delay in objective visual quality. The cornea may require a longer recovery period in the SMILE. OPD-Scan III combined with OQAS II is a useful supplementary inspection for assessing the optical quality following refractive surgery.

The dike crossing pipeline is an important part of urban water transmission and supply projects. Identifying effective vibration analysis methods to determine the primary vibration sources and coupling vibration characteristics of pipelines is crucial for targeted vibration reduction and reinforcement of vulnerable pipeline sections. Therefore, this paper proposes a coupled vibration characteristics analysis method for the dike crossing pipeline based on EWT and CWT, taking the 6# dike crossing pipeline of Yang'er water plant in Foshan city, Guangdong province as the research object, firstly, the main vibration sources of the dike crossing pipeline are analyzed with the help of the prototype observation data using the mutual correlation power spectral, and the characteristics of the main vibration sources of the pipe are extracted using the empirical wavelet transform (EWT); then, focusing on the main vibration source, wavelet transform is used to analyze the source characteristics of the dike crossing pipeline; finally, the pipeline coupled vibration characteristics are analyzed using the cross wavelet transform (CWT). The research results show that: 1) The vibration of the 6# dike crossing pipeline of Yang'er water plant is mainly caused by the multiple rotational frequency such as 29.5 Hz, 36.5 Hz and the leaf frequency 59.0 Hz; 2) The EWT method can effectively remove the interference signal and extract the characteristic frequencies 29.5 Hz, 36.5 Hz and 59.0 Hz; 3) Analyzing the coupled vibration characteristics of the dike crossing pipeline based on the CWT, the peak energy of the coupled vibration of the 6# pipeline is generally concentrated at the frequency of 29.5 Hz, and the source of the coupled vibration is the multiple rotational frequency of the 6# pipeline unit. The results of this study can offer new insights into the identification of vibration characteristics of the dike crossing pipeline, and can provide technical support for the analysis of vibration characteristics and reduction needs of similar projects.

Abstract Background Although it is traditionally believed that ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2) is a multidrug resistance‐associated protein correlated with a worse prognosis, our previous and several other studies demonstrated the contrary to be true in gastric cancer (GC). We aim to explore the underlying mechanism of this discovery. Methods Our study utilized whole‐exome sequencing (WES), RNA sequencing, and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis of 80 gastric cancer samples, along with comprehensive immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of 1044 human GC tissue samples.By utilizing CRISPRCas9 to genetically modify cell lines with the ABCC2‐24C > T (rs717620) point mutation and conducting dual‐luciferase reporter assays, we identified that transcription factors SOX9 and ETS1 serve as negative regulators of ABCC2 expression. Seahorse assay and mass spectrometry were used to discover altered metabolic patterns. Gain and loss‐of‐function experiments in GC cell lines and preclinical models were carried out to validate ABCC2 biological function. Results ABCC2 high expression correlated with better prognosis, and rs717620 can influence ABCC2 expression by disrupting the binding of ETS1 and SOX9. Gain and loss‐of‐function experiments in GC cell lines demonstrated amino acid deprivation reduces proliferation, migration, and drug resistance in ABCC2‐high GC cells. ABCC2 leads to reduced intracellular amino acid pools and disruption of cellular energy metabolism. This phenomenon depended on ABCC2‐mediated GSH extrusion, resulting in alterations in redox status, thereby increasing the cell's susceptibility to ferroptosis. Furthermore, patient‐derived organoids and patient‐derived tumor‐like cell clusters were used to observe impact of ABCC2 on therapeutic effect. In the xenograft model with high ABCC2 expression, we observed that constricting amino acid intake in conjunction with GPX4 inactivation resulted in notable tumor regression. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate a significant role of ABCC2 in amino acid metabolism and ferroptosis by mediating GSH efflux in GC. This discovery underlines the potential of combining multiple ferroptosis targets as a promising therapeutic strategy for GC with high ABCC2 expression. Highlights ABCC2 plays a crucial role in inducing metabolic vulnerability and ferroptosis in gastric cancer through enhanced glutathione efflux. The ABCC2 24C > T polymorphism is a key factor influencing its expression. These results highlight the potential of ABCC2 as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric cancer.

Zebrafish is a highly advantageous model animal for drug screening and toxicity evaluation thanks to its amenability to optical imaging (i.e., transparency), possession of organ structures similar to humans, and the ease with which disease models can be established. However, current zebrafish drug screening technologies and devices suffer from limitations such as low level of automation and throughput, and low accuracy caused by the heterogeneity among individual zebrafish specimens. To address these issues, we herein develop a high-throughput zebrafish drug screening system. This system is capable of maintaining optimal culturing conditions and simultaneously monitoring and analyzing the movement of 288 zebrafish larvae under various external conditions, such as drug combinations. Moreover, to eliminate the effect of heterogeneity, locomotion of participating zebrafish is assessed and grouped before experiments. It is demonstrated that in contrast to the experimental results without pre-selection, which shows ∼20 % damaged motor function (i.e., degree of attenuation), the drug-induced variations among zebrafish with equivalent mobility reaches ∼80 %. Overall, our high-throughput zebrafish drug screening system overcomes current limitations by improving automation, throughput, and accuracy, resulting in enhanced detection of drug-induced variations in zebrafish motor function.

Abstract Background The optimal reconstruction method after proximal gastrectomy remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the short-term outcomes and long-term quality of life of various reconstruction methods. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched to identify comparative studies concerning the reconstruction methods after proximal gastrectomy. The reconstruction methods were classified into six groups: double tract reconstruction (DTR), esophagogastrostomy (EG), gastric tube reconstruction (GT), jejunal interposition (JI), jejunal pouch interposition (JPI) and double flap technique (DFT). Esophagogastric anastomosis group (EG group) included EG, GT and DFT, while esophagojejunal anastomosis group (EJ group) included DTR, JI and JPI. Results A total of 27 studies with 2410 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that the incidences of reflux esophagitis of DTR, EG, GT, JI, JPI and DFT were 7.6%, 27.3%, 4.5%, 7.1%, 14.0%, and 9.1%, respectively. The EG group had more reflux esophagitis (OR = 3.68, 95%CI 2.44–5.57, P

Abstract Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is an important tool for mapping tissue microstructure and structural connectivity non‐invasively in the in vivo human brain. Numerous diffusion signal models are proposed to quantify microstructural properties. Nonetheless, accurate estimation of model parameters is computationally expensive and impeded by image noise. Supervised deep learning‐based estimation approaches exhibit efficiency and superior performance but require additional training data and may be not generalizable. A new DIffusion Model OptimizatioN framework using physics‐informed and self‐supervised Deep learning entitled “DIMOND” is proposed to address this problem. DIMOND employs a neural network to map input image data to model parameters and optimizes the network by minimizing the difference between the input acquired data and synthetic data generated via the diffusion model parametrized by network outputs. DIMOND produces accurate diffusion tensor imaging results and is generalizable across subjects and datasets. Moreover, DIMOND outperforms conventional methods for fitting sophisticated microstructural models including the kurtosis and NODDI model. Importantly, DIMOND reduces NODDI model fitting time from hours to minutes, or seconds by leveraging transfer learning. In summary, the self‐supervised manner, high efficacy, and efficiency of DIMOND increase the practical feasibility and adoption of microstructure and connectivity mapping in clinical and neuroscientific applications.

To accurately, efficiently, and environmentally prepare carrageenan oligosaccharides, we have developed a method that uses H2O2 and TiO2 as catalysts for the photodegradation of κ-carrageenan (KC). The photodegradation of KC was monitored using various amounts of TiO2 and H2O2 and different concentrations of KC via HPLC and it could decrease the average molecular weight of KC into 1.6 kDa within 2 h. Further research under optimal conditions. As a control, the effects of UV, UV/H2O2, UV/TiO2, and H2O2/TiO2 treatments were studied. In contrast, UV/H2O2/TiO2 treatments showed a coordinated effect. The effect of degradation on the structure of KC was investigated by FT-IR, XRD, and there was no obvious remotion of sulfate groups. Furthermore, oral administration of KCO prolonged the healthy lifespan of nematodes induced by ultraviolet stress and significantly regulated oxidative stress. This study suggests that the precise preparation and application of KCO may be beneficial.

Clinical guidelines for gastric cancer treatment recommend intraoperative peritoneal lavage cytology to detect free cancer cells. Patients with positive cytology require neoadjuvant chemotherapy instead of instant resection, and conversion to negative cytology results in improved survival. However, pathologists’ or artificial intelligence's accuracy of cytological diagnosis is disturbed by manually produced, unstandardized slides. In addition, the elaborate infrastructure makes cytology accessible to a limited number of medical institutes. This work develops CellGAN, a deep learning method that enables label‐free virtual peritoneal lavage cytology by producing virtual hematoxylin–eosin‐stained images with single‐color stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. A structural similarity loss is introduced to overcome the challenge of unsupervised virtual pathology techniques that cannot accurately present cellular structures. This method achieves a structural similarity of 0.820 ± 0.041 and a nucleus area consistency of 0.698 ± 0.102, indicating the staining fidelity outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art method. Diagnosis using virtually stained cells reaches 93.8% accuracy and substantial consistency with conventional staining. Single‐cell detection and classification on virtual slides achieve a mean average precision of 0.924 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.906, respectively. Collectively, this method achieves standardized and accurate virtual peritoneal lavage cytology and holds great potential for clinical translation.

IntroductionThe lighting environment significantly influences fish behavior. This study explores the impact of diverse lighting conditions on the behavior of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to illuminate the mechanisms underlying their behavioral responses.MethodsThis experiment was set up with six treatments at a constant light intensity of 150 lx: 12h white light + 12h dark (12 W), 12h blue light + 12h dark (12B), 12h red light + 12h dark (12 R), 1.5h blue light + 9h red light + 1.5h blue light + 12h dark (3B9R), 3h blue light + 6h red light + 3h blue light + 12h dark (6B6R), total 12h of blue and red light + 12h dark (T12BR). A multiple object tracking method, YOLOv5 with SORT, was employed to capture the movement trajectory of each fish, quantifying three motion metrics: swimming velocity, swimming angular velocity, and generalized intersection over union.ResultsThe results revealed that fish exposed to 12R light environment showed significantly higher activity levels than other groups. The mixed light environments (3B9R, 6B6R) formed significant differences in behavioral metrics with 12R earlier than pure light environments (12B, 12W, T12BR), indicating sudden light color changes should be avoided. Fish in the 3B9R environment exhibited the lowest activity level but highest growth performance, with the highest specific growth rate of 1.91±0.12 d-1, a value significantly surpassing the lowest recorded rate, supported by a p-value of 0.0054, indicating it is suitable for steelhead trout cultivation.DiscussBehavioral significant differences were observed as early as week eight, much earlier than physiological differences, which became apparent by week 16. Overall, this paper employs computer vision methods to study the impact of different light colors on fish behavior, found that 3B9R is the optimal lighting condition tested and sudden light color changes should be avoided, offering a new perspective on light conditions and behavior in steelhead trout cultivation.

Accurate identification of potential drug-target pairs is a crucial step in drug development and drug repositioning, which is characterized by the ability of the drug to bind to and modulate the activity of the target molecule, resulting in the desired therapeutic effect. As machine learning and deep learning technologies advance, an increasing number of models are being engaged for the prediction of drug-target interactions. However, there is still a great challenge to improve the accuracy and efficiency of predicting. In this study, we proposed a deep learning method called Multi-source Information Fusion and Attention Mechanism for Drug-Target Interaction (MIFAM-DTI) to predict drug-target interactions. Firstly, the physicochemical property feature vector and the Molecular ACCess System molecular fingerprint feature vector of a drug were extracted based on its SMILES sequence. The dipeptide composition feature vector and the Evolutionary Scale Modeling -1b feature vector of a target were constructed based on its amino acid sequence information. Secondly, the PCA method was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the four feature vectors, and the adjacency matrices were constructed by calculating the cosine similarity. Thirdly, the two feature vectors of each drug were concatenated and the two adjacency matrices were subjected to a logical OR operation. And then they were fed into a model composed of graph attention network and multi-head self-attention to obtain the final drug feature vectors. With the same method, the final target feature vectors were obtained. Finally, these final feature vectors were concatenated, which served as the input to a fully connected layer, resulting in the prediction output. MIFAM-DTI not only integrated multi-source information to capture the drug and target features more comprehensively, but also utilized the graph attention network and multi-head self-attention to autonomously learn attention weights and more comprehensively capture information in sequence data. Experimental results demonstrated that MIFAM-DTI outperformed state-of-the-art methods in terms of AUC and AUPR. Case study results of coenzymes involved in cellular energy metabolism also demonstrated the effectiveness and practicality of MIFAM-DTI. The source code and experimental data for MIFAM-DTI are available at https://github.com/Search-AB/MIFAM-DTI.

ObjectiveTo examine person-times and proportion of outpatient visits and hospital discharges for depression and schizophrenia patients in mental health facilities across China during 2014 – 2019 for providing evidence to improve the allocation of mental health services in China. MethodsUsing stratified sampling, we conducted a survey among 46 provincial- and 36 prefecture-level mental health facilities in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions across China from November 2020 to February 2021. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the facilities′ data on outpatient visits and hospital discharges for all patients and those diagnosed with depression and schizophrenia (with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision [ICD-10] codes of F32 and F33) during the period from 2014 through 2019. ResultsEligible responses were collected from 74 mental health facilities, in which, 40 (54.05%) were at provincial-level and 34 (45.95%) at prefecture-level, including 45 psychiatric hospitals and 29 psychiatric departments in general hospitals. During the period from 2014 to 2019 for all the facilities surveyed, significant increase was observed in the proportion of outpatient visits (person-times) by depression patients against all other patients (4.28% to 7.63%, χ2trend = 144 209.17; P < 0.001) and in the proportion of hospital discharges (person-times) of depression patients against all other patients (4.92% to 7.10%, χ2trend = 3 754.42; P < 0.001); but there was significant decrease in the proportion of outpatient visits by schizophrenia patients (13.34% to 10.53%, χ2trend = 73 411.23; P < 0.001 ) and in the proportion of hospital discharges of schizophrenia patients (18.87% to 16.82%, χ2trend = 1 573.79; P < 0.001). Throughout the 6-year period compared to those for the facilities at prefecture-level, all the annual proportion of the outpatient visits by depression patients were significantly higher for the facilities at provincial-level but the annual proportion of the outpatient visits by schizophrenia patients were significantly lower (all P < 0.001); all the annual proportion of hospital discharges of both depression and schizophrenia patients were significantly lower for the facilities at provincial-level (all P < 0.001). When compared to those for the psychiatry departments of general hospitals, all the annual proportions of outpatient visits by depression and schizophrenia patients and all the annual proportions of hospital discharges of depression and schizophrenia patients were significantly higher for the psychiatric hospitals over the 6-year period (all P < 0.001). ConclusionDuring the period from 2014 to 2019 for the mental health facilities in China, the annual proportions of depression patients′ outpatient visits and hospital discharges showed an increasing trend but those of schizophrenia patients′ showed a decreasing trend. The study results should be concerned in allocation of health resources for mental healthcare.

The Pichia kluyveri, a proliferation commonly found in Sichuan pickles (SCPs), can accelerate the growth and reproduction of spoilage bacteria, causing off-odor development and decay. Although D-limonene, a common natural preservative, effectively restricts P. kluyveri, its inhibitory mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate this molecular mechanism by investigating the impact on basic P. kluyveri metabolism. The findings revealed that D-limonene inhibited P. kluyveri growth and disrupted the transcription of the genes responsible for encoding the enzymes involved in cell wall and membrane synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway. The results indicated that these events disrupted crucial metabolism such as cell wall and membrane integrity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance. These insights provided a comprehensive understanding of the inhibitory effect of D-limonene on the growth and reproduction of P. kluyveri while highlighting its potential application in the SCP industry.